SFL/METU
DBE
Weekend Homework 4
NLL-INT Unit 1 & GHO4 (Noun Cl.)
March 2017
PIN-B GROUP
(Instructor’s Copy)
I. QUESTIONS & NOUN CLAUSES
PART A.
I.
Read the text below and write questions for the answers given according to the underlined parts
in the text. (Fall 2015-16 INT PQ 101)
Surveys show that (1) the majority of people take a nap* once a week. (2) Most people take a nap in order to
energize their bodies or to catch up on lost sleep. However, new research, which was conducted by scientists
at Saarland University in Germany, claims that taking a nap has another important function. In fact, a power
nap of just 45 minutes improves memory by five times.
(3) Participants in the research learned 90 single words and 120 unconnected word pairs, such as “milk
taxi.” The participants then were divided into two groups. The people in the first group watched a DVD, and
the people in the second group slept after learning the words. When the participants were retested, (4) the
members of the second group remembered more word pairs.
(5) A short nap at the office or in school helps to improve learning success. “Wherever people are in a learning
environment, we should think seriously about the positive effects of sleep,” says Axel Mecklinger. “A
concentrated period of learning that is followed by a short relaxing sleep is all that is needed.”
*Nap (n): a short sleep
1. How often do the majority of people take a nap?
Once a week.
2.
Why do most people take a nap?
In order to energize their bodies or to catch up on lost sleep.
3. What did the participants in the research learn?
They learned 90 single words and 120 unconnected word pairs such as “milk taxi.”
4. Who remembered more word pairs?
The members of the second group.
5. What helps to improve learning success?
A short nap at the office or in school.
II. Now, change the questions that you have written into noun clauses.
1. Do you know how often the majority of people take a nap?
2. She wants to learn why most people take a nap.
3. I can’t remember what the participants in the research learned.
4. Can you tell me who remembered more word pairs?
5. I don’t know what helps to improve learning success.
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PART B. Read the following text, and rewrite the questions as noun clauses in order to complete the
missing parts. The questions given and the blanks are in the same order. (Fall 2012-13 BG PQ 122)
HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY
Language students often worry that they cannot remember vocabulary, so they think they have a problem.
They want to know (1) what the problem is. They usually think that there is something wrong with their
brain. In fact, there is nothing wrong with their brain. They just need to improve their memory and study
methods. Therefore, students first need to know (2) whether (or not) / if they study vocabulary properly
(or not). In order to do this, it is important to know (3) how memory works.
There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. All information goes into your short-term memory
first, but it can stay there for just a few minutes. In order to remember something for more than a few minutes,
it must move into your long-term memory. Do you know (4) what goes into your long-term memory? Things
that are interesting or important to you go into your long-term memory. For example, do you remember
(5)when you graduated from high school? You definitely remember this because it is important to you. Your
long term memory keeps other things too. It holds onto things that you have worked with, so if you want to
remember words, you have to work with them in some way.
What are some ways to do this? Many students study vocabulary by repeating the words, but they also wonder
(6) whether (or not) / if repeating a word helps them remember it (or not). Actually, it doesn’t because
you need to make a place for the word in your long-term memory to remember it. You can do this by writing
sentences with the word, or by making a picture with it. They all make the meaning of words stronger in your
long-term memory, and help you find a word when you need it.
1.
What is the problem?
2.
Do they study vocabulary properly?
3.
How does memory work?
4.
What goes into your long-term memory?
5.
When did you graduate from high school?
6.
Does repeating a word help them remember it?
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II. TENSE REVISION
A. Read the text, and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given in parentheses.
(Adapted from Fall 2012-13 PIN PQ 205)
Sleep, Teens and School
Nowadays, there is increasing concern in schools around the world about students who are not awake in
morning classes. Most schools (1) have already taken (already / take) action to solve this problem. For
example, a year ago, Toronto’s Eastern Commerce Collegiate Institute (2) moved (move) their first period
from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. in order to give students an extra hour to sleep in. In addition, this year, some school
officials in other countries (3)have changed (change) their start times so that teenagers can sleep more. They
hope that this way, students (4) will pay (pay) better attention in class.
According to research, most teenagers (5) don’t get (get) enough sleep at night. That’s why they go to school
tired. Some experts (6) believe (believe) that the cause is biological. As the bodies of teenagers develop, their
brains also change. As a result of these changes, teens are more likely (7) to have (have) trouble sleeping at
night than adults. According to other experts, more and more teenagers (8) are staying (stay) up late these
days due to distracters such as computers and smart phones. Teenagers (9) are (being) affected (affect)
negatively because they spend too much time (10) playing (play) with these devices. According to a study
that (11) was completed (complete) in 2001, 85 % of the participants were chronically sleep-deprived.
Moreover, 40 % went to bed after 11 p.m., and 26 % said they usually got less than 6.5 hours on school nights,
mostly because of heavy computer and smart-phone use.
Teenagers normally need at least eight to nine hours of sleep a night, but the average teen gets a lot less.
Although researchers (12) haven’t suggested (suggest) an effective solution to this problem yet, educators
say that it might be helpful (13) to limit (limit) teens’ computer and cell-phone use. (14) Encouraging / To
encourage (encourage) teens to go to bed and get up at the same time every school day is another suggestion.
Of course, big changes in school start times may not be possible in some areas; however, even small changes
can at least contribute to a solution to this problem.
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B. Below is a text on sudden violent behavior. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in
parentheses. (Spring 2015-16 INT PQ01)
Your Brain Is Hardwired to Snap
By Simon Worrall for National Geographic
It’s a common situation: A rude driver cuts in front of you on the road. You honk
your horn and scream at the driver, even though he or she (1) doesn’t hear/won’t
hear (hear) you. You feel like getting out of your car and hurting the other driver
or their car.
This situation is called road rage, and it is a mild example of “snapping,” according to neurobiologist Dr.
Douglas Fields. The news is full of stories about “normal” people who suddenly go crazy. Without any
warning, they (2) commit (commit) crimes that range from domestic violence to mass shootings. Dr. Fields
claims that it is important (3) to understand (understand) the causes of these violent “snaps” because a similar
experience could happen to any of us.
Dr. Fields became interested in (4) researching (research) this subject when he was in Barcelona to give a
lecture on neuroscience. His 17-year-old daughter was accompanying him. They had a little time before the
lecture so they decided to visit the Gaudi Cathedral. They (5) were walking (walk) up the stairs from the
subway when suddenly Dr. Fields (6) felt (feel) something on the pocket of his pants. He touched his pocket
and found that his wallet was gone. Without thinking, he reached back and grabbed the robber and took him
to the ground.
Dr. Fields (7) isn’t (be) a trained fighter. He doesn’t have any background in martial arts like karate or judo.
He (8) has never been (be / never) in the military. He’s not a violent person. For these reasons, he (9) was
shocked (shock) by his own actions in Barcelona. There was a threat in his environment that he wasn’t even
aware of, and this threat caused him to defend himself instantly without thinking. After this experience, Dr.
Fields started to study this subject in order to find out the causes of sudden violent behavior.
According to Dr. Fields, a large part of the human brain (10) is devoted (devote) to threat detection. While we
are going about our daily activities, or even while we are asleep, our brains (11) check / are
checking (check) our bodies and our environment for threats. We are not aware of this process. If
we (12a) performed (perform) this process consciously, it (12b) would be (be) too slow. Therefore, it takes
place deep in the brain below the cerebral cortex, in a region called the hypothalamic attack region.
The hypothalamus is the place in the brains of humans and animal where a lot of automatic functions (13) are
controlled (control). The hypothalamic attack region controls defensive-aggressive behavior. When this part
of an animal’s brain is stimulated with an electrode, the animal becomes aggressive and may even
attack another test animal that is in the cage with it.
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III. CLOZE TEST
A. Below is the rest of the text. Fill each blank with ONE WORD ONLY. Contractions such as “can’t”
count as one word.
Dr. Fields studied the human brain in order to discover the reasons (1) for/behind this kind of sudden violent
behavior. According to Dr. Fields, we have these parts of our brains (2) because/as/since we need them in
order to protect ourselves in dangerous situations. Most of the time, they work amazingly well, like the
time (3) when/that Dr. Fields attacked the pickpocket and got his wallet back. However, sometimes the
reaction is (4) too strong to fit the situation. An example of this could be someone who kills a person who has
stolen something from him. This kind of inappropriate response is called “snapping.” Dr. Fields says that this
type of violent behavior is often the result (5) of the clash between the modern world and the way that our
brains evolved.
B. Below is a text titled “New Plants.” Fill in the blanks with ONE WORD ONLY. (Fall 2012-13 El PQ 116)
The population of the world is continuing to increase, (1) so countries need to produce more and more food
every year to feed everybody. At the same time, however, deserts are expanding, and millions of people are
building houses on land that (2) used to be farmland in the past. Is there a solution to this problem?
One way to increase the planet’s food supply involves the consumption of different plants by people. There
(3) are more than 350,000 kinds of plants in the world. Of these, about 20,000 are suitable for humans to
(4)consume/eat. The remaining 330,000 kinds are not edible. However, today, more than 50 percent of our
food supply comes from just three kinds of plants: corn, wheat, and rice. In other words, we consume (5) too
much of these kinds of plants. In fact, it is common in developing countries for people to depend (6) on only
one or two of these plants for their food. Either a disease or bad weather can destroy these crops, leaving
people with nothing to eat.
All people, especially children, need protein (7) to grow and stay healthy. Children who do not eat (8) enough
protein usually suffer from illnesses. Many kinds of food contain protein, but some are (9) better sources of
protein than others. For example, corn, wheat, and rice are only 8 to 14 percent protein. Meat and fish are 20
to 30 percent protein. Soybeans, (10) which are an important food in China and Japan, are almost 40 percent
protein. Other beans that are eaten widely in Latin America have about the same amount of protein as meat.
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IV. DIALOGUE COMPLETION
1.
Man
: Let’s go and see a film this evening.
Woman : Okay. Which / What film do you want to see / go to? / Which / What film should we see /
go to? / Does it matter which film we see / go to? / What would you like to see?
Man
: Any film is fine.
Woman : Why do I always have to make the decision?
2.
Donald : Hi Hillary, let’s go out for a walk.
Hillary : It is raining/snowing/too cold/too hot (outside). / The weather is bad/too cold/too hot. / The
weather isn’t nice/good/sunny/warm (enough). /Isn’t it raining/snowing/too cold/too hot (outside)?
Donald : Hmmm, you’re right. We should wait until the weather gets better.
Hillary : Yes, let’s go for a walk tomorrow instead.
V. RESPONSE TO A SITUATION
1. Your teacher gives an assignment to you and a classmate to prepare a spoken presentation together. Your
classmate wants you to prepare the assignment, and he wants to do all the speaking. You disagree with
his idea, saying:
I don’t agree with you. / I don’t know about that. / (I’m afraid) I don’t like that idea. / I’m not sure
about that. / I don’t think that’s a good idea. / If we do that, it will … (cause some problems) / I
don’t think you should do all the speaking. / Do you really think that’s a good idea? / I don’t think
that would be fair. / I don’t want you to do all the speaking. / If we do that, how will the teacher
grade me? / If we do that, the teacher can’t grade me.
2. Your classmate at the DBE wants to start a French course next week. You advise her not to do it this
semester, saying:
If I were you, I wouldn’t start the French course this semester. / If I were you, I’d wait until later
to start the French course. / I don’t think you should start the French course this semester. / (I
think) you should wait until next semester to start the French course. / I don’t think you should do
that. / I think you should do that next semester.
VI. REWRITE. Rewrite or complete the following sentences, keeping the same meaning. Use the clues
in parentheses given when given.
1. I’m very busy, so I can’t take flying lessons.
If I wasn’t / weren’t (very/so) busy, I could / would be able to take flying lessons.
2. These children are very young, so they can’t watch this program. (enough)
These children are not old enough to watch this program.
3. Why did the flight attendant warn the man? The other travelers wondered.
The other travelers wondered why the flight attendant warned the man.
4. Have you ever flown in an airplane?
I want to know whether (or not) / if you have ever flown in an airplane.
5. The technology to travel into space didn’t exist in the 19th century, but now it does. (used to)
The technology to travel into space didn’t use to exist in the 19th century, but now it does.
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VII. VOCABULARY
Read the text below carefully and fill each gap with a suitable prefix from the box. You may use them
more than once. (Adapted from Fall 2013-24 INT. PQ 101)
re-
out-
mis-
over-
in-
anti-
dis-
bi-
BORDERLINE PERSONALITIES
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric condition. Borderline individuals are the
psychological equivalent of third-degree-burn patients. They simply have no emotional skin. Their
perceptions of other people are inconsistent, and they often think other people (1) misunderstand them.
Therefore, they tend to (2) misbehave in social gatherings. In addition, their impulse control is poor; they
usually display anger toward others and themselves, which often causes other people to (3) dislike them.
As a result of several negative experiences in social gatherings, people with BPD tend to become (4)
antisocial. Moreover, they feel extremely (5) overshadowed in such situations.
MTR 97
A.
1.
eliminate
consumption
set aside
operate
discharge
purchased
convert
contents
The doctor advised her to reduce her consumption of sugar.
effort
set
converts
efficiency
2.
Auto makers are working on new methods to increase the fuel efficiency of their cars.
3.
Many factories in İzmit discharge large amounts of dangerous waste every day.
4.
The chapters that are included in the book can be found in the table of contents.
5.
Eating healthy food and doing sports help to eliminate heart disease.
6.
The government should make a lot of effort to deal with the problem of poverty.
7.
I have decided to set aside some time each day for exercise.
8.
If you are not satisfied with a product, you can always return it to the manufacturer stating when and
where it was purchased.
9.
A: How do you convert pounds to grams? B: Actually, it is very simple. All you need to know is that 1
pound is equal to 453.592 grams and multiply the pounds by 453.592.
10. It would be a good idea to set some money aside for your vacation.
11. Before they start working in the factory, they are going to have training on how to operate the machines.
12. The internal combustion engine in the car converts the chemical energy in gasoline and oxygen into
thermal energy, which is then transformed into the mechanical energy that accelerates the vehicle.
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B.
purchased
alternate
doubled
convert
efforts
eliminate
emitted
consume
1. Tickets for the concert must be purchased two weeks in advance.
set aside
operates
2. If you are interested in underwater photography, first you should buy a camera that operates underwater.
3. When a new subway station was constructed in our neighbourhood, the price of our house doubled.
4. We have bought an A++ washing machine and refrigrator which consume less electricity, so hopefully
our bills will not be too high this month.
5. The doctor advised her to eliminate fatty foods from her diet if she wants to lose weight.
6. I need to convert my liras back into dollars before I go to New York.
7. The hotel set aside 20 rooms for the guests of the bride and groom.
8. He lost the campaign despite the best efforts of his supporters.
9. Bipolar disorder, which is also known as manic depression, is a mental health condition that causes
extreme shifts in moods that alternate between “highs” (or mania) and “lows” (or depression).
10. The telescope can detect light which is emitted by distant galaxies.
C.
effort
consume
contents
purchased
convert
discharged
double
efficiency
emit
eliminate
1.
The government aims to double the number of students in higher education within 10 years.
2.
We will explain the new workers what they should do to reduce or eliminate the risk of receiving an
electric shock when they are working on electric circuits.
3.
Our high living standards cause our present population to consume 25 percent of the world’s oil.
4.
You can’t learn a foreign language without making an effort.
5.
As our bathroom is very small, we are going to convert the extra bedroom into a second bathroom.
6.
She purchased her first house with the money that she inherited from her grandmother.
7.
The oil which was discharged into the sea seriously harmed a lot of birds and fish.
8.
When you approach the city, you can see the chimneys that emit thick, black smoke.
9.
Thanks to her hard work and efficiency, we finished the project in a few hours.
10. Why don’t you have a look at the the brochure which describes the contents of the museum before going
there?
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MTR 99
A.
durable
investment
sorts
exports
running
run
entirely
got rid of
reminded
realized
in spite of
in spite of
recycles
long-term
1.
We arrived on time in spite of the heavy snow.
2.
You need energetic and imaginative employees to run the business smoothly.
3.
The materials that are used to build bridges should be light, strong and durable so that they can withstand
earthquakes and other natural disasters.
4.
Don’t ask your parents or friends. The decision is entirely yours.
5.
One of the long-term effects of alcohol consumption is cancer.
6.
Most animations are suitable for all sorts of people.
7.
I suddenly realized that my son was crying.
8.
Buying the house was a good investment.
9.
He failed the test in spite of all his hard work.
10. Do you think the government is successful in running the country?
11. The audience was reminded to turn their cell phones off before the concert.
12. Singapore exports large quantities of rubber.
13. I got rid of some old furniture by giving it to one of my friends.
14. The company recycles more than half of their waste paper.
B.
entirely
manufacturer
in spite of
investment
remind
operate
long-term
got rid of
sorts
recycled
realize
1.
Although Tom and Jim come from entirely different backgrounds, they managed to become close friends.
2.
You can cook whatever you like for our guest. He eats all sorts of food.
3.
Changes are being introduced to make the department operate more efficiently.
4.
In spite of his injury, Arda Turan will play in Saturday's match.
5.
Children just have to realize that they can't always get what they want.
6.
The long-term effects of the medication are still not known.
7.
The boxes that our company use are made from recycled paper.
8.
Follow the instructions that are recommended by the manufacturer.
9.
Remind me to buy some groceries after work.
10. He kept talking and talking. She finally got rid of him [=she finally got him to leave] by saying that she
had to prepare dinner.
11. After the civil war, the government did its best to rebuild the economy and attract foreign investment.
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C.
operated
recycling
1.
realization
in spite of
get rid of
long-term
manufacturers
investment
exporter
entirely
remind
Jason’s grandfather started to sell clothes in a small shop. They are now one of the country's leading
manufacturers of children's clothing.
2.
She'll forget to call the doctor if you don't remind her.
3.
There is a growing realization that we must use the Earth’s resources more carefully.
4.
Businesses need to increase their investment in new technology if they want to be successful.
5.
Most machines in this factory are automatic, but there are still some which are operated manually.
6.
I didn’t study enough and failed. I admit it was entirely my fault.
7.
Scientists predict that long-term effects of climate change will include a decrease in sea ice and an
increase in thawing.
8.
A group of Syrians boarded a small plastic inflatable boat and tried to reach Lesvos in spite of the storm.
Unfortunately, the boat sank.
9.
Brazil is the world's largest exporter of coffee.
10. It's time to get rid of our old computer and buy a new one.
11. Researchers from the University of Colombia have announced that they have devised a new way of
recycling millions of tons of plastic garbage into liquid fuel.
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