TRINITY COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
TRN 410Y: SELECTED TOPICS IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
2008-2009: THE VIETNAM WAR: 1946-1975
TIME: Monday, 4-6 p.m.
INSTRUCTOR: Jack Cunningham
OFFICE: 213N
OFFICE HOURS: TBA
Email: [email protected]
COURSE CONTENT: This course covers the Vietnam conflict from the reassertion of French colonial rule
in Indochina after World War Two through the fall of Saigon in 1975. We will discuss the French effort to
retain control of Vietnam and its ultimate failure, the division of Vietnam into two states in 1954, the
subsequent renewal of conflict, and the American military involvement from initial commitment to final
withdrawal. The emphasis will be primarily upon matters of strategy and geopolitics, including the
interaction of the Vietnam conflict with the wider Cold War. We will also cover the war’s impact upon
American domestic politics, and on the international economy, relations between the United States and
its allies, and the antiwar movement and its relationship to the social upheavals of the 1960s. Towards
the end of the course, we will look at reflections of the war in American popular culture (notably film ),
and its impact on subsequent debates over American politics and diplomacy. While the course is, in
broad terms, organized chronologically, this framework is not rigid, and we will occasionally move back
and forward in time in order to address certain topics thematically.
COURSE TEXTS: The following required texts are available in the University of Toronto bookstore:
th
America’s Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950-1975, 4 edn., by George C. Herring
Assuming the Burden: Europe and the American Commitment to War in Vietnam, by Mark Atwood
Lawrence
Choosing War: The Lost Chance for Peace and the Escalation of War in Vietnam, by Fredrik Logevall
Power and Protest: Global Revolution and the Rise of Detente, by Jeremi Suri
Reporting Vietnam: American Journalism, 1959-1975, edited by Milton Bates et al
Supplementary readings will be taken from journals readily available in the University of Toronto library
system and volumes on short-term loan in the Trinity College Library. I will place other items in the
“Cunningham” file at the reserve reading desk in the same library.
Over the course of the year, and at your own convenience (although no later than the March 30
seminar) , I ask that you view the following films: “The Green Berets”; “Apocalypse Now”; “The Deer
Hunter”; “Full Metal Jacket”; “Platoon” and “The Killing Fields.” These are all available as DVDs in U. Of T.
Library collections, and can also be found in most well-stocked video emporia.
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COURSE COMPONENTS:
Seminar Presentations: 20%
Overall participation: 20%
Book Review: 10%
Research Paper: 25%
Final Examination: 25%
SEMINAR FORMAT: Each seminar will open with a student presentation of approximately half an hour,
providing an overview of the week’s topic and readings. The presentation should not merely recapitulate
the pertinent facts, but offer a preliminary analysis with a definite point of view. Each presentation will
be followed by general discussion. I will grade your presentations on the basis of your grasp and use of
the readings, and the clarity, sophistication and originality of your analysis.
In addition to your own presentations, each of you will be graded on your overall participation (not just
your attendance). While you may not read all of the recommended readings each week, you should
make a point of reading at least enough to come to class prepared to make an informed contribution to
our discussion. You will be graded upon your demonstrated understanding of the readings, the
frequency and quality of your observations, and your proficiency in argumentation.
BOOK REVIEW: You will be asked to select one book from a list of scholarly works on the Vietnam War,
which can be found at the end of this syllabus. (You may choose another work if you wish, but must
obtain my prior approval.) In 1,200-1,500 words (roughly five to seven typed, double-spaced pages,
depending upon fonts, margins, etc.) you are to provide a critical appraisal of the work’s underlying
argument. Do the author’s conclusions follow from the facts presented? Is there a more persuasive
analysis of the same events? Are there elements of the topic at issue which the author does not
address? The book reviews are due on November 24, and will be returned a week later.
RESEARCH PAPER: This is an exercise in the detailed analysis of a narrow topic. A list of potential topics
appears later in this syllabus; you may write on a different topic if you wish, but are required to submit
your proposed topic in writing for my prior approval. Your paper should develop a clear argument over
3,000-3,500 words, exclusive of scholarly apparatus (approximately twelve to fifteen typed, doublespaced pages, depending upon fonts, margins, etc.), and make substantial use of at least six different
scholarly works. You will be graded upon the range and thoroughness of your research and the
coherence and sophistication of your argument, not the conclusions at which you arrive. You are not
expected to provide a “right answer”, but to make a persuasive case for what conclusions you do reach.
You will not be penalized for presenting interpretations different from those in the sources you consult
or that you hear from me or your fellow students in class. The research papers are due on March 23 and
will be returned a week later.
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Since this is a 400-level course, with enrolment limited to International Relations, History, and Political
Science specialists, I do expect you to have a basic grounding in international politics since 1945. I also
assume your acquaintance with the conventions of academic research and writing, and expect all
written work will include foot- or end-notes and a complete bibliography. It is your responsibility to
familiarize yourself with University regulations pertaining to plagiarism and other forms of academic
misconduct, and to conduct yourself accordingly. These are available on-line at:
http://www.utoronto.ca/writing/plagsep.html
Written work is to be handed in, in hard copy, during the seminar on the due date. Should you seek an
extension on any piece of written work, be prepared to document either medical emergency or serious
personal misfortune. Late work will be penalized at 2% per working day, and will not be accepted after
the last day of classes. You are free to consult with me during my posted office hours or at other times
by appointment. In addition, you can contact me about course-related matters at the email address
supplied. Bear in mind that the UTORmail system routinely treats as spam messages that originate
elsewhere (e.g., your hotmail or gmail account). I advise you to put “TRN410Y” in the subject line of
emails to minimize the chances of their being treated as spam by UTORmail. I will reply to emails within
two working days.
FINAL EXAM: This will consist of two essay questions, and in each case you will have a choice of at least
three topics. The first question will deal primarily with events up to early 1965, and the second with later
events. While a grasp of illustrative detail is important, the emphasis will be upon broad themes arising
from the course as a whole.
SEMINAR SCHEDULE:
September 8: Introduction to Course and Allocation of Seminar Presentations
September 15: 1942-48: Restoring French Sovereignty
Assuming the Burden, chs. 2-4
Gary Hess, “Franklin D. Roosevelt and Indochina, 1942-1945”, American Historical Review, v. 59 (1972),
pp. 353-368
George C. Herring, “The Truman Administration and the Restoration of French Sovereignty in Indochina”,
Diplomatic History, v. 1 (1977)
September 22: Indochina and the Cold War in Asia, 1948-51
Assuming the Burden, chs. 5-6
Gary Hess, “The First American Commitment to Indochina: The Acceptance of the ‘Bao Dai Solution’,
1950”, Diplomatic History, v. 2 (1978)
September 29: The Road to Dien Bien Phu, 1951-1954
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George C. Herring and Richard H. Immerman, “Eisenhower, Dulles, and Dien Bien Phu: ‘The Day We
Didn’t Go to War’ Revisited”, Journal of American History, v. 71 (1984), pp. 431-63
Zhai Qiang, “Transplanting the Chinese Model: Chinese Military Advisers and the First Vietnam War,
1950-1954”, Journal of Military History, v. 57 (1993), pp. 689-715
Daniel P. Green, “John Foster Dulles and the End of the Franco-American Entente in Indochina”,
Diplomatic History, v. 16 (1992), pp. 551-574
Dennis E. Showalter, “Dien Bien Phu in Three Cultures”, War and Society, 16 (1998), pp. 93-108
October 6: The Geneva Conference and its Aftermath: 1954
Philip Hughes, “Division and Discord: British Policy, Indochina, and the Origins of the Vietnam War, 195456”, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, v. 28 (2000), pp. 94-112
Roger Dingman, “John Foster Dulles and the Creation of the South East Asia Treaty Organization in
1954”, International History Review, August 1989, pp. 457-477
Zhai Qiang, “China and the Geneva Conference of 1954”, China Quarterly, #129 (1992), pp. 103-122
Pierre Asselin, “Choosing Peace: Hanoi and the Geneva Agreement on Vietnam, 1954-1955”, Journal of
Cold War Studies, v. 9 (2007), pp. 95-126
October 13: Nation-Building, 1954-1961
America’s Longest War, ch. 2
Edward Miller, “Vision, Power, and Agency: The Ascent of Ngo Dinh Diem”, Journal of Southeast Asian
Studies, v. 35 (2004), pp. 433-459
Christopher T. Fisher, “Nation Building and the Vietnam War: A Historiography”, Pacific Historical
Review, v. 74, #3, pp. 441-456
Reporting Vietnam, pp. 18-28
October 20: Kennedy and the Crisis in Laos: 1961-1963
Edmund F. Wehrle, “’A Good, Bad Deal’:John F. Kennedy, W. Averell Harriman, and the Neutralization of
Laos, 1961-1962”, Pacific Historical Review, v. 67 (1998), pp. 349-377
Noam Kochavi, “Limited Accommodation, Perpetuated Conflict: Kennedy, China, and the Laos Crisis,
1961-1963”, Diplomatic History, v. 26 (2002), pp. 95-135
Lawrence Freedman, Kennedy’s Wars (on short term loan, Trinity College Library), ch. 32
(2-hour STL: E841 .F69 2000 TRIN)
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October 27: The Cult of Counter-Insurgency, 1961-1963
Kennedy’s Wars, ch. 31
(2-hour STL: E841 .F69 2000 TRIN)
Philip E. Catton, “Counter-Insurgency and Nation-Building: The Strategic Hamlet Programme in South
Vietnam, 1961-1963”, International History Review, v. 21 (1999), pp. 918-940
Peter Busch, “Killing the ‘Vietcong’: The British Advisory Mission and the Strategic Hamlet Program”,
Journal of Strategic Studies, v. 25 (2002), pp. 135-162
Michael W. Cannon, “Raising the Stakes: The Taylor-Rostow Mission”, Journal of Strategic Studies, v. 12
(1989), pp. 125-165
Reporting Vietnam, pp. 50-65
November 3: The Diem Coup
Choosing War, chs. 1-3
Kennedy’s Wars, ch. 40
(2-hour STL: E841 .F69 2000 TRIN)
Andrew Preston, “The Soft Hawks’ Dilemma in Vietnam: Michael V. Forrestal and the National Security
Council, 1962-1964”, International History Review,V. XXVI (2003), pp. 63-95
Reporting Vietnam, pp. 36-49
November 10: LBJ and Escalation: 1963-1964
Choosing War, chs. 4-8
Robert Dallek, “Lyndon Johnson and Vietnam: The Making of a Tragedy”, Diplomatic History, v. 20
(1996), pp. 147-162
November 17: Americanizing the War: 1965
James Hershberg and Chen Jian, “Reading and Warning the Likely Enemy: Chinese Signals to the United
States about Vietnam in 1965”, International History Review, v. XXVII (2005), 47-84
Choosing War, chs. 10-11
November 24: Strategy for Stalemate?: 1966-1967
America’s Longest War, chs. 4-5
David Milne, “’Our Equivalent of Guerrilla Warfare’: Walt Rostow and the Bombing of North Vietnam,
1961-1968”, Journal of Military History, v. 71 (2007), pp. 169-203
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George C. Herring, “’Peoples Quite Apart’: Americans, South Vietnamese, and the War in Vietnam”,
Diplomatic History, v. 14 (1990), pp. 1-24
Gary R. Hess, “The Military Perspective on Strategy in Vietnam”, Diplomatic History, v. 10 (1986), pp. 91106
December 1: Stirrings of Dissent, 1963-1967
Jennifer W. See, “A Prophet without Honor: Hans Morgenthau and the War in Vietnam, 1955-1965”,
Pacific Historical Review, v. 70 (2001), pp. 419-447
Robert M. Buzzanco, “The American Military’s Rationale Against the War in Vietnam”, Political Science
Quarterly, v. 101 (1986), pp. 559-576
Randall B. Woods, “Dixie’s Dove: J. William Fulbright, the Vietnam War, and the American South”,
Journal of Southern History, v. 60 (2004), pp. 533-552
Power and Protest, ch. 3
Reporting Vietnam, pp. 76-84
January 5: Adversity and Opposition: 1967
James McAllister, “’A Fiasco of Noble Proportions’: The Johnson Administration and the South
Vietnamese Elections of 1967”, Pacific Historical Review, v. 73 (2004), pp. 619-651
Mark G. Pribbenow II, “’The –Ology War: Technology and Ideology in the Vietnamese Defense of Hanoi,
1967”, Journal of Military History, v. 67 (2003), pp. 175-200
Chen Jian, “China’s Involvement in the Vietnam War, 1964-1969”, China Quarterly, #142 (1995), pp. 356387
Zhai Qiang, “Opposing Negotiations: China and the Vietnam Peace Talks, 1965-1968”, Pacific Historical
Review, v. 68 (1999), pp. 21+
Reporting Vietnam, pp. 238-266
January 12: Tet: 1968
America’s Longest War, ch. 6
James J. Wirtz, “Deception and the Tet Offensive”, Journal of Strategic Studies, v. 13 (1990), pp. 82-98
Chester Pach, “Tet on TV” in Carole Fink et al, eds., 1968: The World Transformed (in Cunningham file,
Trinity College Library)
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Ronnie E. Ford, “Tet Revisited: The Strategy of the Communist Vietnamese”, Intelligence and National
Security, v. 9 (1994), pp. 242-286
January 19: The ‘Annus Horribilis’ and Election of Richard Nixon: 1968
Robert M. Collins, “The Economic Crisis of 1968 and the Waning of the ‘American Century’”, American
Historical Review v. 101 (1996)
Power and Protest, chs. 4-5
Rick Perlstein, Nixonland: The Election of a President and the Fracturing of America, ch. 7 (Cunningham
file)
January 26: Nixon’s Strategy: 1969-1970
America’s Longest War, ch. 7
Kent G. Sieg, “The Lodge Peace Mission of 1969 and Nixon’s Vietnam Policy”, Diplomacy and Statecraft,
v. 7 (1996), pp. 175-196
William Burr and Jeffrey Kimball, “Nixon’s Nuclear Ploy: the Vietnam Negotiations and the Joint Chiefs of
Staff Readiness Test, October 1969”, available online at
http://www.gwu/edu~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB81/
February 2: The Cambodian Crisis and its Effects: 1970
R. B. Smith, “The International Setting of the Cambodian Crisis, 1969-1970”, International History
Review, v. XVIII (2005), pp. 303-331
Dominic Sandbrook, “Salesmanship and Substance: The Influence of Domestic Policy and Watergate”, in
Nixon in the World: American Foreign Relations, 1969-1977, Fredrik Logevall and Andrew Preston, eds.,
(Cunningham file)
February 9: Vietnam and the Coming of Détente: 1969-72
Power and Protest, ch. 6
Nixon in China: The Week that Changed the World, by Margaret Macmillan, chs. 7-8 and 16 (on short
term loan in Trinity College Library)
Lewis Sorley, “Courage of Blood: South Vietnam’s Repulsion of the 1972 Easter Offensive”, Parameters
(Journal of the US Army War College), Summer 1999, pp. 38-56
February 16: Reading Week: No Classes
February 23: Endgame: 1973-1976
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Raymond W. Leonard, “Learning from History: Linebacker II and US Air Force Doctrine”, Journal of
Military History, v. 58 (1994), pp. 267-303
T. Christopher Jespersen, “Kissinger, Ford, and Congress: The Very Bitter End in Vietnam”, Pacific
Historical Review, v. 71 (2002), pp. 439-473
Robert D. Schulzinger, “The End of the Vietnam War, 1973-1976”, in Nixon in the World (Cunningham
file)
Cheng Guan An, “The Vietnam War from Both Sides: Revisiting ‘Marigold’, ‘Sunflower’ and
‘Pennsylvania’” War and Society, 24 (Nov. 2005), pp. 93-125
March 2: The Cambodian Catastrophe: 1975
Samantha Power, “’A Problem from Hell’: America and the Age of Genocide, ch.6 (short term loan,
Trinity College Library)
Reporting Vietnam, pp. 713-733
March 9: Vietnam’s Shadow
Jeffrey Kimball, “The Stab-in-the-Back Legend and the Vietnam War”, Armed Forces and Society, v. 24
(1998), pp. 433-458
K.J. Campbell, “’Once Burned, Twice Cautious’: Explaining the Weinberger-Powell Doctrine”, Armed
Forces and Society, v. 24 (1998), pp. 341-352
George C. Herring, “Reflecting the Last War: The Persian Gulf and the ‘Vietnam Syndrome’”, Journal of
Third World Studies, v. 10 (1995), pp. 31-55
T. Christopher Jespersen, “Analogies at War: Vietnam, the Bush Administration’s War in Iraq and the
Search for a Usable Past”, Pacific Historical Review, v. 74 (2003), pp, 411-426
March 16: Allied Experiences: Britain
Matthew Jones, “US Relations with Indonesia, the Kennedy-Johnson Transition and the Vietnam
Connection, 1963-1965”, Diplomatic History, v. 26 (2002), pp. 249-281
Rolf Steininger, “’The Americans are in a Hopeless Position’: Great Britain and the War in Vietnam, 19645”, Diplomacy and Statecraft, v. 9 (1997), pp. 237-285
Kevin Boyle, “The Price of Peace: Vietnam, the Pound, and the Crisis of the American Empire”,
Diplomatic History, v. 27, #1 (Spring 2003)
W.R. Louis, “The Dissolution of the British Empire in the Era of Vietnam”, American Historical Review, v.
107, (2002), pp. 1-25
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March 23: Allied Experiences: Canada
Andrew Preston, “Operation Smallbridge: Chester Ronning, the Second Indochina War, and the
Challenge to the United States in Asia”, Pacific Historical Review, v. 72 (2003), pp. 353-390
_____________, “Balancing War and Peace: Canadian Foreign Policy and the Vietnam War, 1961-1965”,
Diplomatic History, v. 27 (2003), pp. 73-111
Robert Bothwell, Alliance and Illusion: Canada and the World, 1945-1984, chs. 11-12 and 17 (short term
loan, Trinity College Library)
March 30: Vietnam in Popular Culture
William Adams, “Vietnam Screen Wars”, in Culture in an Age of Money, ed. by Nicolaus Mills
(Cunningham file)
Terry H. Anderson, “American Popular Music and the War in Vietnam”, Peace and Change v. 14
(1986), pp. 51-65
April 6: Vietnam in Historical Perspective:
Gary Hess, “The Unending Debate: Historians and the Vietnam War”, Diplomatic History, v. 18 (1994),
pp. 239-264
TERM PAPER TOPICS:
1. How did anti-colonial sentiment affect American policies towards French actions in Indochina
between 1945 and 1954?
2. Account for France’s military failure in Indochina between 1951 and 1954.
3. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Eisenhower administration’s handling of Dien
Bien Phu?
4. Was the Geneva Settlement of 1954 inherently unsustainable?
5. Account for the successes and failures of “nation-building” in South Vietnam between 1954 and
1961.
6. Is it correct to see an infatuation with counterinsurgency techniques as leading the Kennedy
administration fatally astray in its handling of Vietnam?
7. Evaluate the pros and cons of the Kennedy administration’s approach to the neutralization of
Laos.
8. Measure the gains and losses for American policy from the Diem coup.
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9. What were the consequences for American policy and domestic politics of the Gulf of Tonkin
incident?
10. Explain and evaluate the reasoning behind the commitment of American ground forces in early
1965.
11. Discuss the military utility of strategic bombing in the Vietnam War.
12. How well-founded were the arguments of “realist” critics of the American effort in Vietnam
between 1961 and 1968?
13. How did the Tet offensive affect the course of the war in terms of both its military dynamics and
American politics?
14. Is it convincing to see the American antiwar movement as its own worst enemy for the period
1968-1972?
15. How valid were the assumptions behind the Nixon administration’s approach to Vietnam in
1969-1970?
16. What were the pros and cons of expanding American military operations to cover Cambodia?
17. How did the situation in Vietnam shape the timing and nature of superpower détente between
1969 and 1972?
18. Is it persuasive to see Congressional actions as preventing the Nixon and Ford administrations
from taking assertive action to defend South Vietnam after 1973?
19. Identify and evaluate the “lessons” drawn from Vietnam by subsequent American strategists and
political figures.
20. How did divisions over Vietnam shape America’s later “culture wars”?
21. At what moment do you believe American defeat in Vietnam became unavoidable?
BOOKS FOR REVIEW:
Michael E. Latham, Modernization as Ideology: American Social Science and “Nation Building” in the
Kennedy Era
Sandy Vogelgesang, The Long Dark Night of the Soul: The American Intellectual Left and the Vietnam
War
David L. Anderson, Trapped by Success: the Eisenhower Administration and Vietnam, 1953-1961
_________The Human Tradition in the Vietnam Era
11/12
Edmund F. Wehrle, Between a River and a Mountain: The AFL-CIO and the Vietnam War
Kevin Ruane, War and Revolution in Vietnam, 1930-1975
Douglas A. Ross, In the Interests of Peace: Canada and Vietnam, 1954-1973
Andrew F. Krepinevich, The Army and Vietnam
Harry G. Summers, On Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Vietnam War
Mark Clodfelter, The Limits of Air Power: The American Bombing of Vietnam
Eric M. Bergerud, The Dynamics of Defeat: The Vietnam War in Hau Nghia Province
Mark Moyar, Phoenix and the Birds of Prey: The CIA’s Secret Campaign to Destroy the Vietcong
__________, Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954-1965
Larry Berman, Planning a Tragedy: The Americanization of the War in Vietnam
___________, Lyndon Johnson’s War: The Road to Stalemate in Vietnam
___________, No Peace, No Honor: Nixon, Kissinger, and Betrayal in Vietnam
Herbert Y. Schandler, The Unmaking of a President: Lyndon Johnson and Vietnam
William M. Hammond, Reporting Vietnam: Media and Military at War
Peter Braestrup, Big Story: How the American Press and Television Reported and Interpreted the Crisis
of Tet 1968 in Vietnam and Washington
William J. Duiker, US Containment Policy and the Conflict in Indochina
______________, The Communist Road to Power in Vietnam
Ilya V. Gaiduk, The Soviet Union and the Vietnam War
T.O. Smith, Britain and the Origins of the Vietnam War: UK Policy in Indochina, 1943-1950
H.R. McMaster, Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the
Lies that Led to Vietnam
Brian VanDeMark, Into the Quagmire: Lyndon Johnson and the Escalation of the War in Vietnam
Michael Lind, Vietnam, the Necessary War
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David E. Kaiser, American Tragedy: Kennedy, Johnson, and the Origins of the Vietnam War
Adam Garfinkle, Telltale Hearts: The Origins and Impact of the Vietnam Antiwar Movement
Andrew Preston, The War Council: McGeorge Bundy, the NSC, and Vietnam
Samuel L. Popkin, The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam
Martin Shipway, The Road to War: France and Indochina, 1944-1947
Kathryn Statler, Replacing France: The Origins of American Intervention in Vietnam
Arnold R. Isaacs, Without Honor: Defeat in Vietnam and Cambodia
Peter Busch, All the Way with JFK? Britain, the US, and the Vietnam War
Jeffrey P. Kimball, Nixon’s Vietnam War
Pierre Asselin, A Bitter Peace: Washington, Hanoi, and the Making of the Paris Agreement
Edwin E. Moise, Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War
Loren Baritz, Backfire: A History of How American Culture Led Us Into Vietnam and Made Us Fight the
Way we Did
Leslie H. Gelb and Richard K. Betts, The Irony of Vietnam: The System Worked
Ronald H. Spector, After Tet: The Bloodiest Year in Vietnam
N.B.: Students with the intellectual fortitude required for research in documentary source materials are
encouraged to make use of the volumes dealing with Vietnam in the US State Department’s series
Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS), which are available in the Government Publications
section of Robarts Library. Students are also advised to look at the Vietnam Virtual Archive, maintained
by Texas Tech University, and available at http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/ This resource
contains many thousands of items, including government documents, photographic negatives, oral
history interviews, and maps, and is a model of its kind.
Additional Course Reserves
Brands Vietnam and the Origins of Détente
(2-hour STL: CUNNINGHAM FILE TRIN)
Brinkley 1968 and the Unraveling of Liberal America
(2-hour STL: CUNNINGHAM FILE TRIN)
Sandbrook Salesmanship and Substance
(2-hour STL: CUNNINGHAM FILE TRIN)
Schulzinger Richard Nixon, Congress and the War in Vietnam
(2-hour STL: CUNNINGHAM FILE TRIN)
-------------- The End of the Vietnam War
(2-hour STL: CUNNINGHAM FILE TRIN)
Tucker China Under Siege
(2-hour STL: CUNNINGHAM FILE TRIN)