Mental Performance
Lacprodan® PL-20
www.arlafoodsingredients.com
Mental Performance
Lacprodan® PL-20
Do you want to shape up mental performance?
Then explore the product Lacprodan® PL-20 from Arla
Foods Ingredients.
Lacprodan® PL-20 is a natural source of bioactive phospholipids and sphingomyelin from bovine milk produced
by using gentle filtering processes. The high content of
phospholipids, especially phosphatidyl serine, in
Lacprodan® PL-20 (Table 1) makes it suitable for enhancing mental performance.
These bioactive components have shown to
• improve memory
• be involved in synthesis of neurotransmitters
• maintain brain membrane structures
Table 1. Phospholipids in different food sources
Soya
Sphingomyelin
Egg
Milk
% of total Phospholipids
Lacprodan®PL-20
Lacprodan® PL-20
% in powder
0
1.5
24
27
4.3
34
75
27
27
4.3
Phosphatidyl ethanolamine
21
15
25
22
3.5
Phosphatidyl serine
0.5
0
12
12
1.9
18
0.4
8
8
1.3
26.5
8.5
4
4
0.7
Phosphatidyl choline
Phosphatidyl inositol
Others
Modified from Burling and Graverholt, 2008
22
8
Mental Performance
Lacprodan® PL-20
Egg yolk, meat and fish are good sources of phospholipids.
Modern diets are depleted of phopholipids and changes in
diets have lead to a decrease in daily consumption of phospholipids. The food today contains only approximately one
third of the phospholipid level compared to the food at the
beginning of the last century.
PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND BRAIN FUNCTION
The specific phospholipid phosphatidyl serine is a naturally occurring phospholipid present in all biological
membranes. In humans, phosphatidyl serine is most
concentrated in the brain where it comprises up to 15 %
of the total phospholipid pool.
Brain cells are responsible for transmitting signals from
one cell to the next. Neuron membranes are particularly
important for the communication between neurons
and memory. Phosphatidyl serine is thought to be especially vital to these membranes. Phosphatidyl serine is
also important in neuronal functions, by increasing
numbers of receptors for neurotransmitters and also
stimulating release of neurotransmitter from neurons.
Therefore, phosphatidyl serine is characterised as a
brain-specific nutrient1.
MENTAL PERFORMANCE
Studying the effect of phosphatidyl serine on mental
performance shows that the most optimal dose is ~300
mg PS/d in order to improve memory, learning ability,
attention, choice of word and other cognitive measures
and abilities2-5.
Clinical studies with Lacprodan® PL-20 has demonstrated improved working memory (shorter reaction times
and better spatio-visual memory after a 3-6 weeks period- see Figure 1)6. Effect has also been observed in adaptation to high chronic working load (increased morning cortisol availability)7.
RECOMMENDED DOSAGE
To enhance mental performance we recommend a daily
dose of 16g Lacprodan® PL-20.
Figure 1. Visual Memory
2,5
2
Person parameter
Phospholipids in foods
Placebo
1,5
1
0,5
16 g/d
Lacprodan®
PL-20
0
Before TSST
After TSST
Modified from Schubert, 2011.
Visual memory before and after Trier Social Stress Test (TSST).
Personal parameter, participant’s level of skill for memory task.
APPLICATION
Lacprodan® PL-20 has a pleasant taste and can be used
in several applications such as milky beverages, milk,
yoghurt, bars and puddings. Furthermore, Lacprodan®
PL-20 may be UHT treated.
CONCLUSION
Lacprodan® PL-20 is a natural source of milk phospholipids with a pleasant taste. It contains several compounds that have been found to improve mental performance.
Phospholipids
Phospholipids are diglycerides that are covalently bonded to
a phosphate group by an ester linkage. Phospholidpids are
either with glycerol or sphingosine as basic element for binding of the phosphate group. Sphingomyelin contains a single
fatty acid bound via an amide linkage. In glycerophospholipids, the two fatty acids are bound via normal ester bonds.
Phosphatidyl serine
3
Mental Performance
Lacprodan® PL-20
REFERENCES
1. McDaniel et al (2003). “Brain-specific” nutrients: a
memory cure? Nutrition 19:957.
2. Monteleone et al. (1992). Blunting by chronic
phosphatidyl serine administration of the stressinduced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenal axis in healthy men. Eur J Clin Pharmacol
42:385-388.
3. Cenacchi et al. (1993). Cognitive decline in the
elderly: A double blind placebo controlled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidyl serine
administration. Ageing Clin Exp Res 5:123-133.
4. Crook et al. (1991). Effect of phosphatidyl serine in
age associated memory impairment. Neurology
41:644-649.
5. Hellhammer et al. (2004). Effects of Soy Lecithin
Phosphatidic Acid and Phosphatidyl Serine Complex (PAS) on the Endocrine and Psychological
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Responses to Mental Stress. Stress 7:119–126.
6. Hellhammer et al. (2010). Effects of milk phospholipid on memory and psychological stress response. British Food Journal 112:1124-1137.
7. Schubert et al. (2011). Milk-based phospholipids
increase morning cortisol availability and improve
memory in chronically stressed males. Nutrition
Research 31:413-20.
8. Burling & Graverholt (2008) Milk - A new source
for bioactive phospholipids for use in food formu-
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