mineral and fuel resources map of kentucky

KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MAP AND CHART SERIES 21
Donald C. Haney, State Geologist and Director
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, Lexington
Series XI, 1998
88°
89°
85°
86°
87°
82°
83°
84°
sg
275
s
sg
Burlington
sg
s
Lic
kin
sg
g
Alexandria
75
s
s
KENTON
71
With contributions by Brandon C. Nuttall, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, Terry D. Hounshell,
William M. Andrews Jr., and John K. Hiett
ls
sg
sg
ls
ls
71
Boltz Lake
CARROLL
*
K
N
50 Kilometers
sg
*
TRIMBLE
Kx, Ba, Zn
Kx, Ba, Zn
sg
La Grange
HARRISON
R
se
cha
c
c
Pur
c
Murray
ls
*
c
sis
ls sis
FAULT
IR
TO
N
LEX
tle
Carr Fork Lake
Hazard
LAUREL
wa
y
London
d
rk
LESLIE
d
sis ls
Zn
Ba, Sr
Albany
C
Kettle Island
d
en
tu
ck
y
l
Barbourville
d
el
Fi
AIN
NT
V
HARLAN
I
R
G
I
N
I
A
Harlan
U
MO
75
WHITLEY
WAYNE
McCREARY
C um b e r la n
d
Williamsburg
Ri
ve
Pineville
r
ls
Whitley City
ou
CLINTON
OV
KNOX
nd
M
Zn
ss
ST
TH
ER
a ry
ss
ls
37°
d
r
oa
ss
U
FA
ls sis
Monticello
Ba, Pb, Zn
Whitesburg
Daniel
ls
d
lan
Tompkinsville
Manchester
ss
LETCHER
Hyden
e
ss
80
ls
Jenkins
Canada Mountain
(proposed)
E
PIN
ss
sis
For information on obtaining copies of this map
and other Kentucky Geological Survey maps
and publications call:
Publications Sales office
(606) 257-3896
View the KGS World Wide Web site at
www.uky.edu/KGS
BELL
ss
Dale Hollow
Lake
sis
Ti
ve
Burkesville
sis
c
Ri
Zn
sis
ISR M, Zn
119
k
CLAY
sd
S
MONROE
Fishtrap Lake
23
PERRY
RU
Ea
ste
rn
K
m
*
s
c
TEM
er
Ba
M, Gyp
Buckhorn
Lake
m
Cu
SIMPSON
ed
Hindman
LT
te
b
Pennyrile
F
CALLOWAY
FULTON
Riv
N o lin
L
s
Lake
Cumberland
Zn
Zn
s
ss
im
a
Parkway
LT
LL
HI
Cr
ee
k
Clinton
c
ALLEN
80
KNOTT
Ba
Laurel River
Lake
ls
Scottsville
Franklin
R ive r
d
rox
I
L
S
NG
RI
SP
FA
U
RIT
S-C
VIA
LE
ion
Ob
Ti
ls
65
LOGAN
ls
PIKE
ls
ls
RUSSELL
CUMBERLAND
Kx, Gyp, Anhydrite
ls
Pikeville
OWSLEY
Mckee
Ap
p
LT
FA
U
E
OR
OD
MM
CO
EN
TE
ND
HI
S
ER
c
RIVER
PI
SIP
SIS
Gas-producing area
boundary
M, Gyp
HICKMAN
Hickman
MIS
Elkton
BREATHITT
k
F
ls
ls
r
be
460
r
Fo
ch
Barren River Lake
Russellville
ls
Pa rk w a y
Ba, F,
Zn, Pb
Fo r k
Ti
Mayfield
ls
24
METCALFE
isa
ss
th
Jackson
dl
Lev
FLOYD
JACKSON
Nitrates
ls
Kx, Pb,
Zn
ls
ls
d
Wood Creek
Lake
PULASKI
ls
Kx, Gyp
Hopkinsville
Prestonsburg
rk
GRAVES
r
c
ay
Parkw
ts
Lake
Linville
Somerset
M, Gyp
BARREN
Mi d
Fo
r
Columbia
Edmonton
Dewey
Lake
sis
Kx, Ba, F
Jamestown
r
WARREN
c
TRIGG
ISR M, F, Gyp
Rive
c
k
ss
TODD
Cadiz
MARSHALL
ts
ts
R ive
Salyersville
Fo
Fo
r
Fe
Bowling
Green
MARTIN
MAGOFFIN
Beattyville
ls
ss
ADAIR
nd
ss
S
ROCKCASTLE
ls
la
ber
Fo
rk
23
Zn, Pb
Zn, Pb
LINCOLN
ls
Glasgow
d
Tu
g
Inez
s
Paintsville
d
Par k w
ay
sis
Mountain
s
sis
Riv
er
e
I
M, Cu, CuFeS2
Ri ve r
N or
Booneville
*
Cum
ls
ls
Tar sand
LEE
r
ls
ls
A
k
JOHNSON
WOLFE
ls
ls
ls
r
Fo
Fe
th
R
s
U
ark
O
Benton
ls
sg
ca
Kentucky
Lake
Cl
S
Ti
Fn
Kx, F
Paintsville
Lake
Ba
Campton
Green River
Lake
ver
I
114
Geode/Siderite nodule
Fe, Ba, Zn
d
ls
en
Gre
*
65
Brownsville
Ri
d
S, Zn
Fe
N
23
Lic
kin
Fe
ls
I
38°
g
g
Zn, Pb
Berea
Mt. Vernon
ls
ts
k
S
st
We
CARLISLE
Ti
Fe
Ni
Kx, Cu,
Zn, F
ve
sis
West Liberty
M
Fn
G
LAWRENCE
Fe
MORGAN
SYSTE
EK
CRE
INT
PA
Kx, Cu,
Pb, F
Irvine
s
Fn
U
I
s
MENIFEE
d
R
T
ou
CHRISTIAN
Fn
sis
r
Fo
k
ee
s
*
Greensburg
Canmer
(abandoned)
Munfordville
sg
ls
Judges
Chapel
Ba
NA
–
r
Ba
Ri
LT
R FAU
iv
e
Liberty
HART
Nitrates
B a rr e n
Ba
NE
VI
CASEY
GREEN
Lake Malone
ls
ix
RILE
PENNY
Pb
Lake Barkley
Ti
Cr
Bardwell
ay
Fe
Fn
t
*
ts
ts
ss
ss
sis
Eas
Fn
ts
r
R i ve
TAYLOR
Center
Fe
sg ls
West
Greenville
ts
rkw
ss
Pa
ls
M
SYSTE
ts
Lancaster
Ba
Fn
Re
S
Louisa
M
Fe
ls
ss
ss
Kx, Cu, F
ss
ls
Campbellsville
Stanton
Richmond
d
sg
ss
ky
t
TE
S
SY
Ba
Rothwell
(abandoned)
B
uc
s
Pc
Crofton East
sis
sis
ld
Mayfie
sis
LT
FAU Fe
Fn
24
sis
sis
Fn
Princeton
n
37°
Fe
Luzurne
*
ts
NA
NA
ls
ESTILL
Kx, Ba
Stanford
NA
Magnolia
ts
EDMONSON
Morgantown
Greenville
Lake
Beshear
BUTLER
ee
dg
e
Tennesse
Eddyvillle
Gr
r
Rive
MUHLENBERG
St. Charles
ts
sg
ls
ls
Fn
Fe
sg
Kx, Pb,
Zn, Cu
Nolin Lake
ts
Fn
Graham Lake
r
way
ar k
P
.
y
K
.
W
er
Midland
sg
White
Plains
ve
GRAYSON
nd
dg
sg
*
ls
Kx, Fe, Cu Kx, Zn,
Ba, F
LARUE
Qt
r
ISR, O
Zn, Pb
BALLARD
Fe
LYON
er
Riv
McCRACKEN
Wickliffe
ss
Fe
PADUCAH
East
Diamond
CALDWELL
Fe
Smithland
Po
ss
Hartford
tch
ss
Kirkwood
Springs
ld
ss
ls
c
HOPKINS
Ri
Cumberland
ls
ts
OHIO
Lebanon
*
Flint Hill
(abandoned)
Leitchfield
W. Ky. Parkw
ay
ve
ls
R
Fi e
ss
Fe
Barnsley
Ri
VE
al
M
gh
Na
Madisonville
M
MARION
m
E
d
Frenchburg
POWELL
GARRARD
BOYLE
er
d
Fe
V
Sandy Hook
ls
Fe
ls
*
*
NA
Kx, Zn, Ba
Ba
MADISON
Danville
NA
er
Kx, F, Ba, Pb
Kx, Fe
ls
Hodgenville
ts
SYSTE
Zn, Pb
ss
y Co
RI
*
ss
k
Kentuc
ss
ss
*
e
sis (PLANT)
LIVINGSTON
O
at
Marion
Rou
s
e rn
est
ISR, M
Cu, Pb, Zn
ss
ls
Riv
sis
M, Gyp
ts
ts
Zn, Pb
g
r
ls
W.
Kx, Ba,
F, Zn
R
RIVE
Kx, Pb, Cu
Springfield
ls
CLARK
ky
Herrington
Lake
ls
rkw
ls y. Pa
K
Zn
Zn, Pb
ve r
Hanson
W
ry
da
ls
Fe
FAULT
McLEAN
ew
EM
Calhoun
s
Tr a d
SY
ts
MERCER
WASHINGTON
ay
TUC
N
KE
D
Caldwell
ch
Dixon
Ri
ay
WEBSTER
Rough River
Lake
EEK
rkw
dg
RE
ss
I
Cecilia
dol
KY
tain
NA
75
Ke n tu c
Harrodsburg
*
M, Gyp, F
CR
sis
ss
y
I
FAU
LT
GH
ROU
ISR Ch,
Co, Ba, Pb
un
bo
ate
xim
pro
Ap
DY
K
ss
M
s
*
Zn, F, Ba
Ba, Pb, Zn
g
Elizabethtown
F
Pa
IC
UNION
Parkwa
L
AY
CL
LT
FAU
CRITTENDEN
s
Grandview
Hickory School
lin
*
ls
ls
Nicholasville
sd
ING
S
I
O
N
EM
ST
SY
EM
ST
SY
n
be
ra
kG
ee
Cr
ck
Ro
LL
ST
SY
ISR Ch, O, Zn, Cc,
Pb, Mo, Co, Ni, Ag
EM
SYST
ST
HI
Dixie
ss
Bardstown
ol
*
Zn
ss
HARDIN
r
EM
TABB
O
ts
BRECKINRIDGE
R
B
rk
Crittenden
DAVIESS
Morganfield
65
ls
lue
Ba
ls
Kx, Fe, F
Fo
Ba, Zn, Pb, Mn
O
O
M
Owensboro
che
T
UL
FA
Hardinsburg
ls
Nat
Livingston
EM
ST
SY
Flaherty
(proposed)
ts
Parkway
NELSON
sis
dg
ile
U
FA
LT
HENDERSON
Bon Harbor and
Owensboro West
ss
HANCOCK
dg
er
TOLU
ARCH
n
Pennyr
io
Oh
ubo
iv
Fault
Aud
R
River
Henderson
Grass
Winchester
Kx, Zn, Cu
FAULT
Moun
Li
Fn
Fe
W
Fe
ELLIOTT
Fe
.
wy
sg dg
under
construction
Pa
ss
Fe
Fe
Cave Run
Lake
MONTGOMERY
Pk
12 km
ls
JESSAMINE
R ive r
8
Hawesville
M, Gyp
FAYETTE
ANDERSON
y
rkwa
Geode/Siderite nodule
Ba, Zn, Sr
ls
ROWAN
ss
Mt. Sterling
64
Salt
*
Fn
Fe
B
Fe
ss
ss
Zn, Ba
ls
Taylorsville
Lake
d
sg
sis
sg
sg
ls
BULLITT
lt
4
Muldraugh
Taylorsville
Kx, F
Versailles
Lawrenceburg
Sa
0
Mafic dike or sill
sg
en
Structural arch
s
Shepherdsville
ls
Owingsville
LEXINGTON
23
uc3
sis
Morehead
ls
WOODFORD
SPENCER
B
Grayson
Lake
64
d
BATH
Po
dol
dol
d
B
OHIO
*
MEADE
8 mi
Phosphate
Po
mines
Ri v
er
Kx, Zn,
F, Ba
Kx, Cu,
F
Riv
R
VE
RI
sg
Doe Run
4
ls
CARTER
Grayson
y
ea
sg
Gre
0
ls
d
NA
c
ls
ls
ss
BOURBON
Paris
BOYD
er
R iv
ls
ls
oc7
H(u)
F, Ba, Fe
sis
64
dol
B
Union
Outline of area of known
fluorspar deposits
Frankfort
Fn
64
Tar sand
Kx, F
s
Catlettsburg
Fn
Sand
sg
c
F, Zn
EXPLANATION
Shelbyville
JEFFERSON
ls
ls
Licking
75
Georgetown
s
Brandenburg
Western Kentucky Fluorspar District
Guist Creek
Lake
Fn
ss
Carlisle
Ashland
g
N
I
38°
64
265
A
I
D
SHELBY
d
N
ls
FRANKLIN
dol
LOUISVILLE
65
A
264
ls
Fn
Fn
FLEMING
ls
Phosphate
area
Greenbo
Lake
LEWIS
Flemingsburg
Kx, Ba, F
SCOTT
dol
sg
GREENUP
Kx, Zn
NICHOLAS
*
Ballardsville
(abandoned)
Greenup
Fn
Bi
71
dol
ss
Cynthiana
d
OLDHAM
ss
ss
Zn
d
ss
ss
Fe
k
New Castle
s
ss
Fo r
ls
ts
MASON
ROBERTSON
*
h
HENRY
Fork
Mt. Olivet
Kx, Zn
Kx, Zn, Ba, Pb
sg
Owenton
ut
© 1998 by Kentucky Geological Survey,
University of Kentucky
*
So
R
ss
Vanceburg
ls
OWEN
Kx, Zn, Pb
r
i ve
Zn
Zn
Pa
40
RIVER
on
30
20
s
Bo
10
*
Area of narrow outcrops
of construction limestone
along the Licking River
and its forks
OHIO
Maysville
nt
0
*
Williamstown
ck y
Bedford
10
*
BRACKEN
Ke
40 Miles
tu
30
20
en
10
s
Brooksville
Falmouth
GRANT
O
a
sg
PENDLETON
Williamstown
Lake
th
Carrollton
Kincaid
Lake
No
r
Scale: 1:500,000
1 inch equals approximately 8 miles
Eagle Creek
sg
sg sg sg
*
75
GALLATIN
I
*
Riv
er
Bullock Pen
Lake
H
Rive
r
Warsaw
0
O
Kx, Pb
1998
10
c
CAMPBELL
Le
vis
Warren H. Anderson and Garland R. Dever Jr.
BOONE
Sa
nd
y
MINERAL AND FUEL RESOURCES MAP OF KENTUCKY
39°
471
SYS
39°
Newport
COVINGTON
sg
T
E
N
N
E
S
S
E
E
Cartography by Terry Hounshell
Narrow outcrop of construction limestone; noted on the map by asterisk and
Area of Porters Creek Clay
leader (
in Allen, Edmonson,
* ): occurrences
Hart, Livingston,
Carroll, Owen, Henry, Pendleton, Harrison, and Madison Counties
Area of ceramic clay
Narrow outcrop of industrial and construction limestone;occurs along the bluffs of
MINERAL DEPOSITS
Iron
Mapped ceramic clay
the Kentucky River in the central Kentucky counties of
Mercer, Jessamine, Garrard, Woodford, Fayette, Clark,
and Madison, along Pine Mountain Overthrust Fault,
and near Kentucky Lake, Lake Barkley and the Cumberland River in western Kentucky
Olive Hill clay bed
Dolomite
dol
Coal field boundary
Mapped Porters Creek Clay
Industrial and construction limestone
ls
Major coal-producing area
Fe
Abandoned iron mine
Po
Abandoned phosphate mine
Abandoned vein mineral mine
Hitchins clay bed
Limestone quarry or underground mine
Fn
Active clay pit
Dolomite quarry or underground mine
Fluorite (shown on Western Kentucky Fluorspar
District inset map only: no deposits shown on
main map)
Abandoned clay pit
SAND and GRAVEL
Clay deposit (common clay)
c–clay noted in core
s–structural clay
M–Mississippian underclay
ea–expanded aggregate
NA–New Albany Shale pit
uc3–underclay, under Princess No. 3 coal
oc7–overclay, over Princess No. 7 coal
H(u)–Hitchins underground mine
Rockcastle Sandstone
Quaternary sand and gravel
Sand and gravel
B
Alluvium
Active sandstone quarry
ss
Abandoned sandstone quarry
d
Abandoned dimension stone quarry
Major oil-producing area; dashed green
m
Abandoned millstone quarry
line is used to continue the outline of oil-producing
area through areas indicating the presence of
other resources.
s
Active sand pit
sg
dg
sis
s
Kimberlite dikes
Zn
Luzurne
Gas-storage field
Abandoned silica sand pit
Zn
Zinc deposit
Zinc exploration shaft
Tar sand resource area
Red dashed line indicates area of
fluorite occurrence
Tar sand occurrence
Faults
Deposit; s–sand; sis–silica sand; g–gravel;
ts
Pb, or Zn
unless noted otherwise)
Ag–Silver
Ba–Barite
Cc–Calcite
Ch–Chalcopyrite
Co–Cobalt
Cu–Native copper
F–Fluorite
Fe–Iron
Gyp–Gypsum
Mo–Molybdenum
Mn–Manganese
Ni–Nickel
Pb–Galena
S–Native sulfur
Sr–Strontium
Ti–Titanium
Zn–Sphalerite
Major gas-producing area
Active dredge
sg–sand and gravel; ss–sandstone; ch–chert;
d–dimension stone; Pc–Pennsylvanian
conglomerate
Mineral occurrence (Ba, Cc, F,
OIL and GAS
Abandoned sand pit
Active sand and gravel pit
ISR–Insoluble residue in well sample
Q–Quaternary
M–Mississippian
S–Silurian
O–Ordovician
C–Cambrian
Kx–Knox Group
Brick plant
ss
s
Mineral occurrence in core
ISR M
Residual clay
Sand and gravel, glacial outwash
Abandoned iron furnace
The production of minerals and fuels in Kentucky is a
multibillion dollar industry. Historically, coal, oil, natural gas,
limestone, sand and gravel, clay, fluorite, barite, lead, iron,
phosphate, zinc, and brines have been produced in the State.
These resources have greatly influenced the development of
Kentucky by providing raw materials for the early settlers who
settled the State and for current industrial and economic
development. Electrical power for homes, businesses, and
factories; materials for constructing houses, buildings,
automobiles, and roads; and products we consume in everyday
life come from the earth’s mineral and fuel resources.
The ability to locate and efficiently use raw materials is
important in virtually all economic activity in the State. The
purpose of this 1:500,000-scale map is to show the general
locations of the principal mineral and fuel resources in Kentucky.
The “Geologic Map of Kentucky” (Noger, 1988) is at the same
scale as this map and has additional geologic information about
these resources. For detailed information about geology and
mineral resources, consult the 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle
maps for Kentucky.
Coal occurs in two regions of Kentucky: the Eastern
Kentucky Coal Field (a part of the Appalachian Basin) and the
Western Kentucky Coal Field (a part of the Illinois Basin).
Kentucky has been among the top three coal-producing states
for more than 50 years. Kentucky’s remaining coal resources,
estimated at 90 billion short tons, are also among the largest
deposits in the United States.
Limestone and dolomite are mined in Kentucky for a variety
of products, including construction aggregate, lime, cement,
and agricultural limestone. Coal-related industries use limestone
for controlling acid drainage, mine reclamation, explosion
abatement in underground mines, and in scrubbers at coalburning power plants to reduce sulfur emissions entering the
atmosphere. One of the largest operating limestone quarries in
the United States is located in Kentucky.
Kentucky has an estimated original petroleum resource of
2.3 billion barrels of mobile oil, 3.4 billion barrels of heavy
oil, and more than 100 trillion cubic feet of natural gas resources.
At least 0.75 billion barrels of oil and 4.7 trillion cubic feet of
natural gas have been produced in Kentucky. In western
Kentucky, oil and some natural gas are produced primarily
from Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks. In central
Kentucky, oil and natural gas are produced from Ordovician
Selected References
and Silurian rocks. In eastern Kentucky, oil and natural gas are
produced from Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, and
Pennsylvanian rocks.
In the past, a variety of ore minerals, including fluorite,
sphalerite, galena, and barite, were mined in Kentucky. At the
time of its peak production during World War II and in the
mid-1960’s, the Western Kentucky Fluorspar District was one
of the world’s largest producers of these minerals. Monroe,
Cumberland, and Clinton Counties of the South-Central
Kentucky Mineral District are known to have mineral deposits
that contain zinc. The Central Kentucky Mineral District has
produced barite, sphalerite, fluorite, calcite, and galena. Although
there is no mining activity in any of the districts at the present
time, mining companies continue to explore these areas for
economic deposits. Iron ores and phosphate minerals were
mined in Kentucky before higher grade deposits were discovered
elsewhere in the United States.
A variety of minerals classified as clay materials are mined
in Kentucky, including common clay, ceramic and ball clays,
refractory clay, and shale. These materials are used in the
manufacture of brick, china, and pottery, and have been used
as industrial absorbents and lightweight aggregate.
Sand and gravel are mined in Kentucky and are used
extensively as construction materials and aggregate for roads
and buildings. Common and silica sands have been mined for
concrete and glassmaking, respectively. Sands bearing titanium
minerals are found in the Jackson Purchase Region of western
Kentucky. Tar sands (asphaltic sandstone) mined in west-central
Kentucky have been used as road aggregate and are also a
potential source of petroleum.
Geologists at the Kentucky Geological Survey have
investigated the mineral and fuel resources of Kentucky for
more than 150 years, as mandated by Kentucky Revised Statute.
Questions concerning the mineral and fuel resources of Kentucky
should be directed to the Director, Kentucky Geological Survey,
228 Mining and Mineral Resources Building, University of
Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0107. The Kentucky
Geological Survey maintains the official State repository of
oil and natural gas drilling records, the official Ground-Water
Data Repository, the Kentucky Well Sample and Core Library,
and other databases on coal, minerals, geology, maps, and
paleontology. This information is used by thousands of citizens
each year.
Amaral, E.J., 1994, Sand and gravel resources along the Ohio River Valley in Boone, Gallatin, and
Carroll Counties, with contributions by W.H. Anderson: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, Report
of Investigations 8, 59 p.
Dever, G.R., Jr., and McGrain, Preston, 1969, High-calcium and low-magnesium limestone
resources in the region of the lower Cumberland, Tennessee, and Ohio Valleys, western
Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 10, Bulletin 5, 192 p.
180
Anderson, W.H., 1991, Mineralization and hydrocarbon emplacement in the Cambrian–Ordovician
Mascot Dolomite of the Knox Group in south-central Kentucky, with contributions by Peter Price:
Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, Report of Investigations 4, 31 p.
Dever, G.R., Jr., Robl, T.L., Moody, J.R., Walker, F.H., Ellsworth, G.W., Jr., and Barron, L.S.,
1993, Low-silica and high-calcium stone in the Newman Limestone (Mississippian) on Pine
Mountain, Letcher County, southeastern Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11,
Information Circular 41, 73 p.
140
Anderson, W.H., 1994, Rocks and minerals of Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, Special
Publication 20, 82 p.
Anderson, W.H., and Barron, L.S., 1995, High-carbonate, low-silica, high-calcium stone in the High
Bridge Group (Upper Ordovician), Mason County, north-central Kentucky: Kentucky Geological
Survey, ser. 11, Information Circular 53, 33 p.
Anderson, W.H., Trace, R.D., and McGrain, Preston, 1982, Barite deposits of Kentucky: Kentucky
Geological Survey, ser. 11, Bulletin 1, 56 p.
Brant, R.A., 1983a, Coal resources of the Princess District, Kentucky: University of Kentucky Institute
for Mining and Minerals Research, Energy Resource Series, 61 p.
Brant, R.A., 1983b, Coal resources of the Southwestern District, Kentucky: University of Kentucky
Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Energy Resource Series, 89 p.
Brant, R.A., Chesnut, D.R., Frankie, W.T., and Portig, E.R., 1983a, Coal resources of the Big Sandy
District, Kentucky: University of Kentucky Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Energy
Resource Series, 47 p.
Brant, R.A., Chesnut, D.R., Frankie, W.T., and Portig, E.R., 1983b, Coal resources of the Hazard District,
Kentucky: University of Kentucky Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Energy Resource
Series, 49 p.
Brant, R.A., Chesnut, D.R., Frankie, W.T., and Portig, E.R., 1983c, Coal resources of the Licking River
District, Kentucky: University of Kentucky Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Energy
Resource Series, 57 p.
Brant, R.A., Chesnut, D.R., Portig, E.R., and Smath, R.A., 1983, Coal resources of the Upper Cumberland
District, Kentucky: University of Kentucky Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Energy
Resource Series, 41 p.
Foerste, A.E., 1913, The phosphate deposits in the upper Trenton limestones of central Kentucky:
Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 4, v. 1, p. 391–439.
Greb, S.F, Williams, D.A., and Williamson, A.D., 1992, Geology and stratigraphy of the Western
Kentucky Coal Field: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, Bulletin 2, 77 p.
MacFarlan, A.C., 1943, The geology of Kentucky: Lexington, University of Kentucky, 433 p.
McGrain, Preston, 1956, Recent investigation of silica sands of Kentucky No. 2: Kentucky
Geological Survey, ser. 9, Report of Investigations 11, 32 p.
McGrain, Preston, and Kendall, T.A., 1972, Miscellaneous analyses of Kentucky clays and shales
for 1960–1970: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 10, Report of Investigations 12, 62 p.
Miller, A.M., 1919, The geology of Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 5, Bulletin 2,
392 p.
LIMESTONE, SAND and GRAVEL, and CLAY PRODUCTION
COAL PRODUCTION
60
160
50
Total Coal
120
Eastern
Kentucky
Coal Field
100
80
60
40
0
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
Year
Limestone
30
20
Sand and
Gravel
10
Western Kentucky
Coal Field
20
40
0
1955
2000
Clay
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Year
Source: Kentucky Geological Survey
1985
1990
1995
Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines
and U.S. Geological Survey
Noger, M.C., comp., 1988, Geologic map of Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000.
Nuttall, B.C., comp., 1989, Index to oil and gas fields of Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey,
ser. 11, Information Circular 27, 267 p.
Patterson, S.H., and Hosterman, J.W., 1960, Geology of the clay deposits in the Olive Hill District,
Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 10, Reprint 5, 23 p.
Sable, E.G., and Dever, G.R., Jr., 1990, Mississippian rocks in Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey
Professional Paper 1503, 125 p.
Smith, G.E., and Brant, R.A., 1978, Western Kentucky coal resources: University of Kentucky
Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Energy Resource Series, 148 p.
Cobb, J.C., and Dever, G.R., Jr., 1994, Limestone and lime for SO2 and pollutant control in the Ohio
Valley: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, Information Circular 49, 5 p.
Trace, R.D., and Amos, D.H., 1984, Stratigraphy and structure of the Western Kentucky Fluorspar
District: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1151-D, 41 p.
Cobb, J.C., and Eble, C.F., 1992, Sulfur in Kentucky coal and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990:
Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, Information Circular 38, 14 p.
Weisenfluh, G.A., Cobb, J.C., Ferm, J.C., and Ruthven, C.L., 1998, Kentucky’s coal industry:
Historical trends and future opportunities: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, Information
Circular 59, 9 p.
More information on publications about Kentucky’s mineral resources is available in the Kentucky
Geological Survey’s List of Publications, available free upon request to the Survey.
VALUE
300
Olive, W.W., and Finch, W.I., 1969, Stratigraphic and mineralogic relations and ceramic properties
of clay deposits of Eocene age in the Jackson Purchase Region, Kentucky, and in adjacent
parts of Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1282, 35 p.
Chesnut, D.R., Jr., 1992, Stratigraphic and structural framework of the Carboniferous rocks of the central
Appalachian Basin in Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, Bulletin 3, 42 p.
Dever, G.R., Jr., 1980, High-carbonate and low-silica stone in the High Bridge Group (Middle Ordovician),
Fayette County, central Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 11, Information Circular 4,
45 p.
82°
4.50
30
Coal
250
3.75
OIL and NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION
25
3.00
Natural Gas
150
2.25
Oil
100
1.50
50
0
1986
0.75
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
0
1996
Source: Kentucky Department of Revenue–Severence
Tax Division; data on file at Kentucky Geological Survey,
U.S. Bureau of Mines, and U.S. Geological Survey
75
Natural Gas
Limestone
200
90
20
60
15
45
Oil
10
30
5
15
0
1880
1900
1920
1940
Year
1960
1980
0
2000
Source: Kentucky Geological Survey
Gas (Billion Cubic Feet)
New Providence Shale
83°
84°
Million Tons
Construction limestone
Minerals and Fuels of Kentucky
COAL
85°
Oil (Million Barrels)
*
CLAY and SHALE
86°
Coal (Billion Dollars)
LIMESTONE
87°
Million Tons
EXPLANATION
88°
Limestone, Natural Gas, and Oil
(Million Dollars)
89°