Standard 7.58 Lesson
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C HAPTER
Chapter 1. Standard 7.58 Lesson
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Standard 7.58 Lesson
Standard 7.58 Lesson
7.58 Identify the voyages of discovery, the locations of the routes (Da Gama, Dias, Magellan), and the influence
of cartography in the development of a new worldview (Catholic Missionaries). (C, G, H)
PowerPoint - Exploration and Expansion
https://docs.google.com/a/tcsedu.net/presentation/d/1GBDXuo5QG67F1c0RDu7Wi7cpsfoyPIUoMLBDQkV5odA
/edit#slide=id.p18
VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY
Youtube: Minute History- Age Of Exploration Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFW6LEKBong
Da Gama
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Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East.
Dom Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira , ([[U+02C8]vaku ð[U+0250] [U+02C8][U+0250]m[U+0250]] ) (c.
1460s – 23 December 1524) was a Portuguese explorer . He was the first European to reach India by sea, linking
Europe and Asia for the first time by ocean route, as well as the Atlantic and the Indian oceans entirely and
definitively, and in this way, the West and the Orient .
This discovery was significant and opened the way for an age of global imperialism and for the Portuguese to
establish a long-lasting colonial empire in Asia. The route meant that the Portuguese would not need to cross the
highly disputed Mediterranean nor the dangerous Arabian Peninsula , and that the whole voyage would be made
by sea. The sum of the distances covered in the outward and return voyages made this expedition the longest ocean
voyage ever made until then, far longer than a full voyage around the world by way of the Equator .
One century after the discovery, European powers such as England , the Netherlands and France were finally able to
challenge and break Portugal’s monopoly and naval supremacy in the Cape Route around Africa , the Indian ocean
and in the Far East, opening a new era of European imperialism in the East.
After decades of sailors trying to reach the Indies with thousands of lives and dozens of vessels lost in shipwrecks
and attacks, da Gama landed in Calicut on 20 May 1498. Reaching the legendary Indian spice routes unopposed
helped the Portuguese Empire improve its economy that, until da Gama’s discovery, was based mainly on trading
along northern and coastal West Africa. The spices obtained were mostly pepper and cinnamon at first, but soon
included other products, all new to Europe and leading to a commercial monopoly for several decades.
Da Gama led two of the armadas destined for India , the first and the fourth, which was the largest and made only
four years after his return from the first one. For his contributions he was appointed the Governor of India in 1524,
under the title of Viceroy , and given the newly created County of Vidigueira in 1519. Vasco da Gama remains a
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Chapter 1. Standard 7.58 Lesson
leading figure in the history of exploration to this day. Numerous homages have been made worldwide to celebrate
his explorations and accomplishments. The Portuguese national epic, Os Lusíadas , was written in his honour. His
first trip to India is widely considered a milestone in world history as it marked the beginning of the first wave of
global multiculturalism.
Read, watch and learn about he life of Vasco Da Gama from www.biography.com
http://www.biography.com/people/vasco-da-gama-9305736
Website: history.com - Vasco da Gama
http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/vasco-da-gama
Youtube: Vasco da Gama Biography
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9_5woknVSc
Youtube: Vasco Da Gama - a Portuguese Explorer | Mocomi Kids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWrY7thtIAY
Dias
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Bartolomeu Dias (1450?-1500), also spelled Diaz, was a Portuguese sea captain and explorer. His discovery of a
sailing route around Africa helped establish travel between Europe and Asia.
The expedition sailed south along the West coast of Africa. Extra provisions were picked up on the way at the
Portuguese fortress of São Jorge de Mina on the Gold Coast . After having sailed past Angola, Dias reached the
Golfo da Conceicão (Walvis Bay ) by December. Continuing south, he discovered first Angra dos Ilheus, being
hit, then, by a violent storm. Thirteen days later, from the open ocean, he searched the coast again to the east,
discovering and using the westerlies winds - the ocean gyre , but finding just ocean. Having rounded the Cape of
Good Hope at a considerable distance to the west and southwest, he turned towards the east, and taking advantage
of the winds of Antarctica that blow strongly in the South Atlantic, he sailed northeast. After 30 days without seeing
land, he entered what he named Aguada de São Brás (Bay of Saint Blaise )—later renamed Mossel Bay —on 4
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Chapter 1. Standard 7.58 Lesson
February 1488. Dias’s expedition reached its furthest point on 12 March 1488 when they anchored at Kwaaihoek ,
near the mouth of the Bushman’s River , where a padrão —the Padrão de São Gregório—was erected before turning
back. Dias wanted to continue sailing to India, but he was forced to turn back when his crew refused to go further. It
was only on the return voyage that he actually discovered the Cape of Good Hope, in May 1488. Dias returned to
Lisbon in December of that year, after an absence of sixteen months.[ citation needed]
The discovery of the passage around southern Africa was significant because, for the first time, Europeans realized
they could trade directly with India and the other parts of Asia, bypassing the overland route through the Middle
East, with its expensive middlemen . The official report of the expedition has been lost.
Bartolomeu Dias originally named the Cape of Good Hope the "Cape of Storms" (Cabo das Tormentas). It was later
renamed (by King John II of Portugal ) the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) because it represented the
opening of a route to the east.
From www.biography.com, read about the life and adventures of Bartolomeu Dias.
http://www.biography.com/people/bartolomeu-dias-9273850
Website: the age of discovery - Bartolomeu Dias
http://theageofdiscovery.wikispaces.com/Bartolomeu+Diaz’s+exploration
Website: history.com - Bartolomeu Dias
http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/bartolomeu-dias
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Youtube: Minute History- Age of Exploration Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BM99DCtRWKQ
Youtube: Bartolomeu Dias
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJsn8leUEB8
Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) was a Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition that sailed around the Earth
(1519-1522). Magellan also named the Pacific Ocean (the name means that it is a calm, peaceful ocean).
He was born in Sabrosa in northern Portugal , and served King Charles I of Spain in search of a westward route to
the "Spice Islands " (modern Maluku Islands in Indonesia).
Magellan’s expedition of 1519–1522 became the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific
Ocean (then named "peaceful sea" by Magellan; the passage being made via the Strait of Magellan ), and the first to
cross the Pacific. His expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth. Magellan did not complete the
entire voyage, as he was killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines. (For background see Exploration of t
he Pacific .)
In 1521, traveling west from Europe, the expedition reached a region of Southeast Asia which Magellan had reached
on previous voyages traveling east. Magellan thereby achieved a nearly complete personal circumnavigation of the
globe.
Pictured Above: Ferdinand Magellan
http://www.biography.com/people/ferdinand-magellan-9395202
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Chapter 1. Standard 7.58 Lesson
Website: history.com - Ferdinand Magellan
http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/ferdinand-magellan
Youtube: RENAISSANCE EXPLORER Ferdinand Magellan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijSk7uv4nbI
Youtube: Ferdinand Magellan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwzoH2a-E4A
PowerPoint: Glory, God or Gold?
https://docs.google.com/a/tcsedu.net/presentation/d/1lWXE0be8cLGCRm2uuLl7gyL4E-RDYc-s7KkNV2fPsaI
/edit#slide=id.p23
Technology and Exploration
The overall quality of maps advanced dramatically during the Age of Exploration. Cartography, among other
sciences, had developed rapidly since the Renaissance. Additionally, Europeans were sailing further and further
from their own shores and returning from their voyages with accounts of the distant lands they had reached.
Prince Henry, the son of Portugal’s king, was a strong supporter of exploration He set up a school on Portugal’s
southwest coast for mapmakers, navigators, and shipbuilders. He also sponsored voyages of exploration.
At Henry’s school, shipbuilders perfected the caravel (KAR uh VEHL), a ship designed for long voyages. Portuguese
sailors borrowed instruments from other cultures that helped make their voyages successful. They tracked their
direction with a compass, a Chinese invention. The Portuguese used the astrolabe, which was invented by the
ancient Greeks and improved by the Arabs. The astrolabe measures the angle of the stars above the horizon. The
astrolabe helped sailors find their ship’s latitude, or the distance north and south of the equator.
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We have now covered the section of the Renaissance and Reformation. At this time, you may log onto your www.
studyisland.com account to Section 8C - England: Medieval Period Through the Reformation. Review the
lesson and complete the assignment as directed by your teacher.
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