1: The League of Nations Beginnings, Wilson’s Impossible dream ?
1919: Once upon a time there was a man named Woodrow
January 1920: Wilson’s dream came true. The League
Wilson. He was an idealist and wanted a League of Nations to
of Nations is created. It was to be based in Geneva, the
help create a safer, better world.
What is the message of this cartoon?
Use the following website to identify those aims.
www.johndclare.net/league_of_nations_revision.htm
capital city of : (Insert country name)
Why was this country chosen as the home of the League?
The League would stop war using the principle of
The League of Nations had four main aims.
COLLECTIVE SECURITY. Watch the following video:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU8DDYz68kM
Explain how the buffalo used Collective Security
S
I
D
E
March 1920: The USA rejects the treaty of Versailles AND
Americas refusal to agree to the Treaty of Versailles of to
A League for Winners: the League was criticised for only
The structure of the League: the League was divided into
refuses to join the League of Nations.
join the League of Nations would have serious effects on the
allowing the winning countries of WW1 to join.
many different parts. Create a diagram using ‘auto shapes’.
www.johndclare.net/America2.htm or Walsh pg 230
Future of the world
Which part of US government stopped entry into the League?
www.johndclare.net/league_of_nations_revision.htm
In
Out
Give three reason the USA didn't join the League of Nations
1:
2:
3:
Did Woodrow Wilson want to join the League?
What is meant by isolationism?
What is the message of this cartoon?
Why do you think the League was criticised for this?
What was the most powerful part of the League?
What ‘c’ was the name given to slavery, mandate and refugee?
2: The League of Nations in the 1920’s, Structural Weakness and Setbacks.
Structural Problems 1: The COUNCIL was dominated by the
Structural Problems 2: Power of Veto (to the Council Members)
Structural Problems 3: Let’s Get Together for a Chat
Structural Problems 4: Unanimous Decisions
five permanent and most powerful members.
Q: What was the power of Veto?
The Council met (how many times) a year
Q: What does unanimous mean?
Put the flags of the four countries below.
A:
The Assembly met (how many) time a year
A:
Q: Why could this be a problem?
What was a possible problem of the power of VETO?
Q: Why could this be a problem?
Decisions of the Assembly had to be unanimous. Problem?
If a decision could be agreed upon. The League had x 3 main
Structural Problem 5: No Army .
Land Dispute, Vilna 1920: Vilna was a city in Lithuania. Poland
The Ruhr Invasion 1923: Germany did not pay its reparations
ways to deal with countries causing trouble.
The League of Nations didn't have its own army.
invaded because many more Poles lived there compared to
In 1922. In response France (a League Council Member)
Lithuanians. Lithuania asked the League to help them.
sent troops into the German industrial area of the Ruhr.
MAREOL
Poland
V
Lithuania
PSESURER
France
V
Germany
SNATCOISN
What would you do?
WRA
What punishment do you think is most effective?
What is the message of this cartoon?
What would you do?
Blame Poland
Blame Lithuania
Do Nothing
Morale Pressure
Do Nothing
Morale Pressure
Apply Sanctions
Use Military Force
Apply Sanctions
Use Military Force
What did the League decide?
Blame France
Blame Germany
How did the League respond?
http://betweenwars.wikispaces.com/Failures+-+Vilna+1920
What message did this send out about the League?
http://betweenwars.wikispaces.com/Failures+-+Vilna+1920
What message did this send out about the League’s ‘parents’ ?
www.icHistory.com
3: The League of Nations in the 1920’s, From Failure to Success.
1923: The Corfu Incident: During an inspection in Corfu,
1924: The Geneva Protocol: The Corfu Incident showed
1920’s Failures. Poor Parents: The League had been Woodrow
1920’s Failures Summary, Structural Problems: The League was
Greece, four Italian inspectors were murdered. In response Italy
the League could be weakened even by COUNCIL members.
Wilson’s baby. However, when the USA did not join, his baby
said to have many structural weaknesses that would make it’s
bombed then invaded Corfu. Greece appealed to the League.
A plan was made to ensure this didn't happen again.
was given to less than willing parents. They set a bad example.
functioning very difficult.
Italy
V
Greece
What would you do?
Blame Italy
Blame Greece
Do Nothing
Morale Pressure
Apply Sanctions
Use Military Force
Give an example of League Council members behaved badly:
Give one structural problem of each below:
What did the League decide?
What did the Geneva Protocol propose (say?)
www.scribd.com/doc/90406073/22/The-Corfu-Incident-1923
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/229064/Geneva-Protocol
Britain:
League Council:
Why do you think the League made this decision?
Which country VETOED the Geneva Protocol?
France:
League Assembly:
Italy:
Enforcing Decisions:
Strengths 1 : The League DID have some strengths and success.
Land Dispute, Upper Silesia 1921: this was an industrial area that
Land Dispute, Aaland Islands 1921: the island lay between
Land Dispute, The War of the Stray Dog 1925: a Greek soldier
For example 42 countries joined the League at the start and
bordering Germany and Poland. A plebiscite (people’s vote)
Finland and Sweden. They threatened to go to war but instead
chased his dog over into Bulgaria. The soldier was shot dead.
this would rise to over 60 by 1930.
to decide who should control it was split almost 50 :50.
asked the League to decide what to do with them.
In response, the Greeks invaded the Bulgarian town of Petrich.
Poland
V
Germany
Finland
V
Sweden
What would you do?
What would you do?
Give to Poland
Do Nothing
What would you do?
Give to Germany
Give to Finland
Give to Sweden
Arrange 2nd vote
Do Nothing
Arrange a plebiscite
Do Nothing
Morale Pressure
share the islands
Use Military Force
Apply Sanctions
Use Military Force
Share the area
What is the message of this cartoon?
Bulgaria
V
Greece
Blame Bulgaria
Blame Greece
What did the League decide?
What did the League decide?
How did the League respond?
www.historylearningsite.co.uk/leagueofnations.htm
www.historylearningsite.co.uk/leagueofnations.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incident_at_Petrich
Did Germany and / or Poland accept the decision?
What message did this send out about the League?
Was the decision accepted?
Poland = Yes / No
Germany = Yes / No
4: Successes of the League in the 1920’s, Making a Safer, Better World.
Helping Refugees: The League did great work getting 400,000
Improving Working Conditions: The League helped improve
Improving Health: The League helped reduce diseases such as
Abolishing Slavery: The League created the slavery convention
P.O.W’s (Prisoners of War) and refugees home after WW1.
conditions for workers, lead banned from paint, working hours
leprosy and small pox and malaria. War against mosquitos!
In 1926. many countries signed up and helped pressure Burma
It also helped refugees after an earthquake hit Turkey in 1922.
for children reduced and a maximum 48 hr week suggested.
Even the USSR followed it’s advice after a plague in Siberia.
and Sierra Leone into abolishing slavery illegal in 1927
What is a refugee?
Why was a 48 hr working week hard to enforce?
Why is it significant that the USSR took League advice?
What does abolish mean?
Which League body was responsible for this work?
Which League body was responsible for this work?
Which League body was responsible for this work?
Which League body was responsible for this work?
Disarmament, the Washington Conference 1921: following
1925, The Locarno Treaty: Delegates from Britain, France
1928, The Kellogg Briand Pact: This could be argued to be the
The Global Depression: The good work of the League
WW1 many countries still had huge armies, navies and weapons
Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia met in Locarno, Switz.
high point and greatest success of the League. Over 60
would be destroyed in 1929 after the American economy
countries signed up to it.
went into meltdown. This would have affect the whole world.
The League was given the job of reducing them.
http://gssibhistory.wikispaces.com/Locarno
Mass Unemployment
Factories close as there is no
one to sell goods to. This
creates mass unemployment
‘The Locarno agreements gave new
hope that the League of Nations might
assume the role which Wilson had expected of it…….if one looks at the European scene between 1925 and 1929 and
without the knowledge of what came
after there seemed to be some grounds
for hope.’
Protectionism
To protect their economies
many countries tax imports.
International trade dries up.
USA Recalls Loans
America stops / recall loans
made to struggling post war
countries. (E.G Germany)
1:The Wall Street Crash
The American economy
completely collapses.
Historian James Joll, 1983.
Social Unrest
What was agreed at Locarno?
What was agreed at the 1921 Washington Conference?
http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/militarystrategies/p/washingtontreat.htm
1:France and Germany agree to settle problems through the League
What was the Kellogg Briand Pact?
Hungry, unemployed,
people become desperate for
solutions to their problems.
The Rise of Dictators
People look to aggressive,
leaders such as Hitler and
Mussolini. They will push the
League to its limits.
www.buzzle.com/articles/kellogg-briand-pact.html
2:
3:
Number the statements 1-6 and organise into a flow chart.
www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/manchuriarev2.shtml
5: The Death of the League in the 1930’s : Manchuria and Abyssinia.
Manchuria Invasion 1931: The Japanese claimed that Chinese
Map of the incident: find a suitable colour map that helps
soldiers blew up a Japanese built railway in Manchuria.
the Manchuria incident
What was the Lytton Report?
A Cartoon about Manchuria:
1:
In response Japan invaded the disputed area of Manchuria.
How long did the Lytton Report take?
1:
Japan
V
China
How did the League respond to the Manchuria invasion?
1:
What did Japan do next and what happened to Manchuria?
1:
What would you do?
Blame Japan
Blame China
Do Nothing
Morale Pressure
Apply Sanctions
Use Military Force
2:
How did the League fail in Manchuria?
1:
2:
3:
Why did Japan invade Manchuria in 1931?
1:
Who did Manchuria belong to in 1931?
What is the message of this cartoon?
1
www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYGsdC7Sg38
2:
Why did the League fail in Manchuria?
What important position did Japan have in the League?
2
3
3:
The Abyssinia Crisis 1935: Following an argument over an oasis
Map of the incident: find a suitable colour map that helps
80Km inside Abyssinia, Ethiopia. Mussolini the Italian leader
the Abyssinia incident
began to ready his army to invade Abyssinia.
A Cartoon About Abyssinia: the Abyssnia incident and how the
What was the Hoare-Laval Pact?
League dealt with it is seen as the final nail in the coffin.
1:
“The real Death of the League came in 1935” AJP Taylor.
What did the Hoare-Laval Pact say about Britain and France
1:
Italy
V
Ethiopia
How did the League respond to the Abyssinian invasion?
1:
What did Italy do next and what happened to Abyssinia?
1:
What would you do?
Blame Italy
Blame Ethiopia
Do Nothing
Morale Pressure
Apply Sanctions
Use Military Force
2:
How did the League fail in Abyssinia?
1:
2:
3:
Why did Italy invade Abyssinia in 1931?
1:
2:
3:
Who did Abyssinia belong to in 1935?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwx78c10kp0
What important position did Italy have in the League?
Why did the League
fail did
in Abyssinia?
What
the League decide?
1
www.historylearningsite.co.uk/leagueofnations.htm
2
What message did this send out about the League?
3
What is the message of this cartoon?
6: Summary and Reflections , Why did The League Fail?
Disarmament Conference Fails, 1933: Germany argued only
Structural Problems, Membership:
Structural Problems: All Bark No Bite
Structural Problems, Decision Making
she had disarmed and other countries should disarm equally.
After some talks Germany quit the League and talks collapsed.
Point
Point
Example 1
Example 1
Explain
Explain
This was a powerful block vote
Explain
Evaluate
Evaluate
This was not democratic
Evaluate
Evaluate
Evaluate
They used for their own self interest
Evaluate
Example 2
Example 2
Explain
Explain
Every country had to agree
Explain
Evaluate
Very hard to make a decision
Evaluate
Evaluate
Made decision making slow
Evaluate
Evaluate
What is the message of this cartoon?
A League for winners
Evaluate
Decision Making
Poor Parenting / Leadership
Global Depression:
Point
Point
Example 1
Example 1
Explain
Explain
Evaluate
Evaluate
Evaluate
Evaluate
Example 2
Example 2
Explain
Evaluate
Extreme leaders came into power
Challenged the League in the 1930’s
The Global Depression
League no longer taken seriously
Evaluate
No Army
Sanctions were not effective
Non League countries free to trade
Making Links: the factors behind the failure of the League do
Rank Order: order the five factors that led to the League
not stand alone, but share a relationship and are often caused
failure into order of important. Put the most important one
By, cause or influence other factors.
at the top and least important at the bottom.
Global
Depression
Decision
Making
Decision Making
Membership
The Global Depression
All Bark
No Bite
Membership
All Bark No Bite
Poor Leadership
Poor
Parents
Why did you choose this as the most important factor?
Evaluate
Draw arrows to show links between factors behind the failure
Assemble the statements into a structured paragraph
Example 1
Complete the missing boxes
Explain
Evaluate
Lacked any real power
Example 2
Complete the missing boxes
Assemble the statements into a structured paragraph
Point
Complete a structured paragraph by yourself
of the League of Nations.