VOCABULARY
CHAPTER3 / BUILDING AN IMPRESSIVE
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Vocabulary Lesson | 5: Weak and Weaker
Today's roots:
botre
segui
to beat
follow
troph nourishment
pli fold
to weaken from disuse (a- without +troph nourishment)
atrophy (v)
After surgery, extended bed rest often causesmuscles to atr.ophy unless it is accompanied by physical therapy.
Antonyms: thtiverflourish
Synonyms: dcgencrate, deteriorate
abate (v)
to subside; to decrease in intensity (ad- to + bdte to beat)
The crews had to wait until the storm abated before they could begin to assessthe damage to the coastal town.
Antonyms: expand, anplifo
Synonyms: wanc, diminish
porous (adj)
filledwith manyholes (porusopening)
The teenager'sstory was a porous one that her parents could easily seethrough.
Antonyms: btqervious, impenctrabla lnpregnablc
Synonyms:penetablc, pervious
wanc (v)
to grow smaller or less intense
As the brightness of the moon wanes over the next few nights, it will become easier to seethe surrounding stars.
Antonyms: war, intensifu
Synonyms: abate, ebb
tassitudc (n)
a feeling of weakness (Iassus weary)
Although she tried valiantly to play through her illness, Danielle's lassitude overtook her in the second half.
Antonyms: vitality' eiggr
Synonyms: listlcssncss, wearincss
(v)
undsmine
to weaken or diminish something
The continual setbacksto the project over many weeks undemined the morale of the workers.
sttengt'.en
lntonymstforffir
Synonyms: undercut, attenaate
obsequious (adj)
overly submissive (ob- to + sequi follow)
Synonyms: fawni ng, compiliant
attrition
(n)
a wearing away of strength or morale
Synonyms: dcbilitatioa
enentate (v)
wealcenbtg
to weaken someone's vitality
Synonym: ilebiliute
putnerahlc (adj)
prone to attack or harm
Synonyms: assai.Iable, susceptiblc
l
ebb (v)
to decrease or decline.slowly
Synonyms: wane, abate
f
compliant
(adj)
submissive (pli told)
Synonyms: lelding,
f, dcbilitate (v)
c onciliatory
to sap the strength of (de-away+ brlds strength)
Synonyms: dtpplc, enen)ate
t07
t08
Vocabulary
McGRAW-HILL'S SAT
Lesson | 6: €hillin'
Today's roots:
stotus position, standing
Plac to please
guies rest
serenus calm
calm (plac toplease)
A relaxingdayat the spaalwaysmakesme feelmoreplacid.
Synonyms:sereno,tranquil
Antonyms:ferrziedfrenctic
ptaciil(adil
o
inert (adj) sluggish; inactive (in- not + ertem active)
After his final exams,Rickysatlnert on his couchfor two dayswatchingsoapoperasand gameshows.
Synonyms:quicscent,torpid, phlegnatic
Antonyms:alcrt, lively
o
tdsrless(adj)
o
quiescent (adj)
tr
serenc (adj)
o
static (adj) stationary (statusstanding)
Thepatient'svitals havebeenstatlc for an hour. \{e hopethis meanshe canbe movedfrom intensivecare.
Synonyms:stagnant,iturt
Antonyms:itincrant, peripatetic
tr
lcth.argic (adj)
n
moratorium (n) postponement
Synonyms:tlefenal, ilclay
o
stagnate (v)
sluggish; without energy Glesswithout)
I alwaysfeellistless on rainy days;sometimesI don't evenwant to getout of bed.
Synonyms:eflervqte{ bru| phlegmttic, tetlwgic
Antonyms:lively, robust
resting; quiet (gales rest)
During the qulescentphaseof cell division,the cell doesnot split or grow.
Synonym:inactfue
Antonyms:dynanic, active
tranquil; calm; placid (serenuspeaceful,calm)
Therewasnot a singlewaveon the surfaceof the serenelake.
Synonyms;quiescentrsedate
Antonyms:ferrzicd,nrbulcttt
lazy; sluggish
Theflu left me feelingletharglc eventwo daysafter my feverhadbroken.
pftlcgnatic, donnant, enemated,lbtbs s
Synonyms:
to become inactive; to become stale (status standing)
Synonym:adle
D torpor (n)
lethargy; apathy
Synonyms:inutnzs s, lassitudc
f,
respite (n)
l
hiatus (n)
l
totpial (ad}
rest; time of relief; pause (respit delay)
Synonyms:hiatus, moratorium
a break in the continuity of something
Synonyms:reqtite, discontinuiry
hibernating; dormant (torperebe numb)
Synonyms:brq\ idle
VOCABULARY
CHAPTER3 / BUILDING AN IMPRESSIVE
Vocabulary Lesson l7: IYanna Fightt
Today's roots:
bellum war
pugnsre fight
Pro- forward, forth
ire anger
warlike; quarrelsome (bellumwar)
My brotheris a belligerent guy;he pickshis fair shareof bar fights.
peaceful
Antonyms:passive,
Synonyms:antagonistic,cantqnleerous,contqttious
betligerent (adj)
irascibb (adj) easily angered (ire anger)
therapy;he oveneactsto the smallestthings.
Adam'strasclble naturelandedhim in urngermanagement
Synonyms:choluic,splanetic,petulant
Antonym:evan-temp*ed
explosive; tending to evaporate quicHy (voln tofly)
Thesituationin the Middle Eastis a volafile onethat mustbe handledwith care.
Synonyms:unsettlcd,temperanental Antonymtstabb
volatile (adj)
refutation; opposing responseto an argument (re- back)
After the opponentmadehis remarks,the debateteamcaptainapproachedthe podium to deliverher rebuttal.
Synonyms:rqrartee, reioinder
Antonym:agreenent
rebuttal (n)
refute (v) to disprove; to rebut forcefully (refutare to drive back)
Thejudgefound no evidenceto refute your claim that the car is yours,soyou getto keepit for now.
Synonyms:contta.dict,r&ut
Antonyms:suryort, endorse
incite (v)
to urge into action (citare to causeto move)
Therebelsinclted a revolt in the smallcity by convincingthe citizensthat their mayorwasa crook.
Synonyms:coa*, caiolc, instigate
Antonym:alissuadc
quarrelsome; warlike (pugnare frght)
Thepugnaciouspunk washappiestwhenhis fistswerepoundingsomeoneelse'schin.
Synonyms:trilculcnt, bellig*ent
Antonyms:pacific,passive
pugnacious (adil
bellicose (adj) warlike inmanner (bellumwar)
pttgnacious,belliguott
Synonyms:
harass (v)
to bother; to annoy
Synonyms:itrit ate, tornent
assail (v)
to attack or assault (ad- at+ salireleap)
Synonym: bqate
tamultuous (adj)
violently agitated
Synonyms:hectic, mrub
instigate (v)
to goad; tourgeon
Synon5rms:
ittcite, foncn| coa*, cajolc
tending to aggravate or stimulate (pro- forth + eoccre to call)
Synonyms:goading,an fffng
provocative (adil
propensity (n)
a natural inclination; a tendency (pro- forth)
r0 9
McGRAW-HILL'S SAT
llirflfll
Lesso; | 8: Bad and UglY
mcebulary
(n)
:T ubttony
Esroast was inapprryi@
slil{+t"Wrqrrsingdismay
3 ryfling@dil
fi<pry&
(palirtogrowpale)
' '
'.
he treats her as if she were his servant.
Antonyms: bqtevolcnt,ttirtuous
lhe way he yells at hie miib bltpnin$
Sg,mnyms:astolarrdfuq,dW
(n)
ugly
sound
d freling; harsh words (acribitter + monia action or condition)
Eimodious, and we could all tell that she had not forgiven her friend.
Antonym: cilrility
bitltrw
{woonyms:belligaw,re
3 mphony
caco
phon
@ri bitter
m@l harm
Today's roots:
fossh sounds (cacos ufly + phonsound)
ant of my son's room be today's popular music?
Borx can this cacophq rrmnimqg
Antonym: hannany
Sgnonyms:dishan;rcq'lre
3 &ysmal(adj)
€m@ir
iprl; wretched
Ihe food at this hos4nrd lort1ntt
Synonyms:defloele
3 sid
(adj)
Is this bread or cardboard?
Antonyms: commendablc,lauilable
harsh**{ffi6rytrtasting
(acribitter)
Dont inhale too muchdtfftcor:anical; it is known to be quite acrid and can make you pass out.
Antonyms: sal,ory, sweet
Synonyms: astrilngrl,"q*
annoyingly loud
v€r-srr''rtrymrs;
,'fl'*SFF
requests for silence shows your blatant disregard formy needs.
my
repeated
The blaring of loud ffi
Antonym:unobtrusive
Synonyms:flcgrar4&ryfrt
3 Mant
I
(adj)
(adj) s@v- * rcproach or censure (plorare to cry out in sorrow)
hlorablc
,llhhough they claimcd m,hrc mirnnls, the conditions at their run-down shelter were deplorable
Antonyms: commatdable,lfuudablc
$nonyms: disgt'cst,qgglq4ic.gt
(adi)
2 qregious
c"'rrrynp"rrrcl-v bad; flagrant
(e- out + greghetd)
Sponyms: atrorcirc'@
3
brnd (adj)
shoctiry
seqm*tional
Slnonyms:Srqhb"dd
3
wisomc
(adil
dfibmcfi'sclo tle senses or the health (noiharrrr)
Synonyms: lo,cidtw.tu'q'€
J
bad; reprehensible
fuSrant (adj) .!trFiilslimEf-s
egrqitr.,W
Synonyms:
7
treinous (adj)
cruq$" sfumkinety evil (haine hatred + -aus full o0
Synonyms: a/ruhsvGuts
J
stringent
(adj)
Slmonyms:ac :d"ffi
CHAPTER3 / BUILDING AN IMPRESSIVE
VOCABULARY
ill
Vocabulary Lesson | 9: Moving Right Along
Todayts roots:
ombulare walk
pel, pul force, drive
(adj)
ambulatory
flux flow
peri- around
capable of moving around (ambularewalk)
He must stay in bed for a week, and once he is ambulatory he will need crutches.
Synonyms: mobile, peripatetic
Antonynns:static, immobilc
deviate (v)
to swerve or deflect (de- away + via path)
The tire sitting in the left lane of the highway causedthe driver to deviate from her path.
Synonl'rns: digress, ver
Antonym: conform
infun
(n)
a flowing in (in- in+flux
flow)
The school saw quite an influx of new applicants once it increased the number of scholarships.
SSnronyms:inundation, inpouring, immigration
Antonyms: effla*, emigration
meander (v)
to wander aimlessly (from Maiandros, a Greek river known for its winding path)
The confused lost child meandered through the streets with no apparent destination.
Synonyms: roam, drift
(adj)
peripatetic
traveling from place to place (peri- around+patein
to walk)
The nomads were a peripatetic clan; they never stayed in the same place very long.
Synonyms: itinnant, ambulant
Antonyms: stationary,static
impet (v)
to put into motion; to urge (pel force)
The zoo visitors were impelled into action by the announcement that a lion was loose.
S1'nonyms:goad, spur
Antonyms: impede, dissuadc
expedite (v)
to speed up the progress of (ex- orrt + pes foot: to free from entanglement)
The project was expedited once the CEO decided that its outcome reflected on him personally.
Synonyms:facilitate, hasten, precipitate, adpance
Antonyms: impede, hindcr
itincrant
(adj)
traveling from place to place
Synonyms: perip atetic, amb ulant
noma.dic (adil
wandering without a pennanent home
Synonyms: migratory, ilrffiing
peripheral (adj)
located on the outer boundary (peri- around)
Synonym: bordcring
compel (v)
to urge into action by force (com- together + pel force)
Synonyms: impel, coerce
vagront (adj)
wandering from place to place (vagus wandering)
Synonyms: nomadic, peripotetic
perambulate (v)
to move about (per-through
Synonyms: wandcr, drift
+ ambulare walk)
McGRAW-HILL'S SAT
il2
Lesson 20: Goingr Goingr Gonet
Yocabulary
purgare
deplore
Today's roots:
cleanse
to empty
back
r*
ob- away
3 raze (v)
to desco-rcqletely
The massivelevel$c lrmizne
Synonyms:oblitm,iffie
razed the entire port city, crushing everything inits path.
Antonymtpre-suve
f
*rttison (v) totkn-crtrboard
The killerJetdsoncd 6c mder weapon into the lake as he sailed to his hideout in the cove.
An|4,nYm:tetain
Synonyms:hesw4
l
abrt
f
pwse (v)
f
foreo (v) to give somsfing up (for- away+go go)
llhe woman decided o kre 6e kpital early and forgo further treatment on her injured hip.
Antonyms:mafutaitt'Cytticifate
Synonyms: qburdd\@
f
deplcte (v)
(v)
toterminacpematurelY
The soldiers abortcd Scu. ni<sion when they learned their cover was blown and it was tro longer safe.
Antonyms: er@rtte,contittttc
Synonyms:sctat&,,-d
to cleanse c sonething unwanted Qturgare to cleanse)
It is satisfying to pule y@ e<rrailinbox of unwanted junk messages.
Antonyms: arrrass,cotlcct
Synonyms: tem6n, -l'''tg'
to derrease tbe supply of. (deplareto empty)
The run on gasoline dcdccd
Synon5rms:qtwst,dihirinf
the gas station of its fuel reseryes,and it was forced to shut down.
Antonyms: tqlenishrcstock
lack scarc$- (dear greatly valued)
A dearth(n)
There has been a deail d good will between the teams ever since the bench-clearing brawl.
Antonyms: abundmrce, plcnitudc, bou8
deficiency
Synonyms:patc:rty, wcfi,*vA,
J
to take ba<-h to cancel (re- back + scindere cut)
rescind (v)
:
Synonyms:anru{e&l
J
effaee (v')
to eras€ bg rubbing (e- out +face appearance)
Synonyms:omit,ud
to gire Lp F)wer (ab- away + dicare proclaim)
nEnru,oe
Synonyms: dinqui*,
'J abdicate (v)
f,
renaunce (v)
to gr€up
in aformal announcement
Synonyms: abdicac, c;ept
J
rullify
(v)
to rnaLe i$ralid (nullus none)
Synonyms:cczd
J
retinquish
(v)
rmid
to abandon or give up ke- back + linquere to leave)
Synonyms:aheae,rndc
J
having a purging effect; inducing the release of emotional tension
Forgiving his father Ultaed out to be a very catharllc experience for Kenneth.
cathartic
(adj)
t,
CHAPTER3 I BUILDING AN IMPRESSIVE
VOCABULARY
I t3
Vocabulary Lesson2l: Mr. Nice Guy
Todayts roots:
omicus friend
munus gift, money, shaning
onthro humankind
phila brotherly love
J altruism(n)
selflessness(alterother)
Tom'saltmism pusheshim to spendthirty hoursper weekworkingwith the needy.
Synonyms:humanencss,benanlcnce
Antonyms:egoism,malavolcnce
J amiablc(adj) friendly; agreeable (amicusfriend)
Mr. Richardsis suchan amiable guy,alwayssmiling and laughingashe interactswith his customens.
Synonyms:affablc, amicablc
Antonyms:sufly, disdainful
J philantlwoprst (n)
one who does good; lover of humankind @hila- love + anthro humankind)
It is amazingthat a penny-pincherlike Paulis a philanthroplst who hasdonatedmillions to charity.
Synonyms:altruist, hamanitarian
Antonyms:misanthrotrte,antagonist
J congeniat (adj) friendly; pleasant (con- with + genialispleasant)
After monthsof imaginingher in-lawsasmonsters,Julia wassurprisedat how congenlalthey actuallywere.
Synonyms:mnicahb, ffiahlc
Antonyms:lmstilc, swly
J munificettf (adj) generous (munus sharing)
Donatingthat outfit to charity is quite a munificent gesture,consideringthat it is your favorite.
Synonyms:benzficent,magnanimous
grecdy,egoistic
Antonymrs:
)
dccorum(n)
propriety; goodmanners (decorusproper)
While eatingat the countryclub,you mustbehavewith the utmostdecorum and mind your manneni.
Synonym:etiqttctte
Antonym:impropicty
J amity(n)
friendship (amicus friend)
Synonyms : b enev olenc e, amic ahlenes s
) dccorous (adj)
exhibiting good taste in behavior or appearance (decorusproper)
Synonyms:civihzpd itignifun
J affahlc (adj) friendly; klrnd (affabilrs easyto conversewith)
Synonyms:amiabla,amicable
J gregarioas (adj)
sociable (gregflock)
Synonym:friadly
J amicahlc (adil
polite and friendly (amicus friend)
Synonyms
: aniablc, frablc
J magnanimous (adj)
generous;big-hearted (magna- great+animas spirit)
Synonyms:alfiuistic, munificant
J geniality(n)
cheerfirlness (geni^alkpleasant)
Slmonyms:fifability, aniqbtlity