COURSE OUTLINE
GENDER AND CONFLICTS
Teacher: Judy El Bushra
Academic year 2016/2017: Paris School of International Affairs – Fall Semester
BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
I have been working in the general area of development, with a strong gender focus, since 1972, most
recently working on issues of gender, violence, conflict and peace. Thematic work has been on gender and
social inclusion, especially in relation to conflict analysis, peacebuilding, and security; gender and
humanitarian response; and the social context of sexual and domestic violence and HIV transmission.
Geographically my main areas of work have been in the Horn of Africa and in East and Central Africa. My
main experience of working in development and peacebuilding organisations has been with ACORD (Agency
for Co-operation and Research in Development) where amongst other things I directed the organisation’s
research and policy work, and in International Alert, where I managed the Great Lakes Regional Programme.
This has give me experience in research (especially qualitative, community-based and participatory
research), context assessment and project/programme design, programme management, strategic
management, facilitation and training (including materials development), and evaluation.
COURSE OUTLINE
Séance 1: Introduction to the course: the international policy
framework
Required readings:
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Coomaraswamy, Radhika. Preventing Conflict, Transforming Justice, Securing the Peace: A Global
Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325. UN Women, 2014.
http://peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/GS1325-2pager-10dec2014.pdf
Recommended readings:
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Grey, R, and L J Shepherd. “‘Stop Rape Now?’: Masculinity, Responsibility, and Conflict-Related
Sexual Violence.” Men and Masculinities 16, no. 1 (2013): 115–135.
doi:10.1177/1097184x12468101
Anderlini, Sanam Naraghi. What the Women Say: Participation and UNSCR 1325, 2010
Dolan, Chris. “Has Patriarchy Been Stealing the Feminists’ Clothes? Conflict-Related Sexual
Violence and UN Security Council Resolutions.” IDS Bulletin 45, no. 1 (2014): 80–84
Hagen, Jamie J. “Queering Women, Peace and Security.” International Affairs 92, no. 2 (2016): 313–
332. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12551
COURSE OUTLINE
Séance 2: Frameworks for analyzing gender and conflict
Required readings:
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Cohn, Carol, ed. Women and Wars. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2012.especially Chs 1,2
Recommended readings:
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El-Bushra, Judy. “Power, Agency and Identity: Turning Vicious Circles into Virtuous Ones.” In Civil
War, Civil Peace, edited by Helen Yanacopulos and Jo Hanlon. Milton Keynes: Open University,
2005
Tielemans, Sanne. Gender and Conflict Analysis Toolkit for Peacebuilders. London, 2015
International Alert. Programming Framework for International Alert: Design, Monitoring and
Evaluation. London, 2010
World Bank. Conflict, Security and Development. Washington DC, 2011
El-Bushra, Judy. “Fused in Combat : Gender Relations and Armed Conflict.” Developent in Practice
13, no. May (2003): 252–265. doi:10.1080/0961452032000073215
Cockburn, Cynthia. “Gender Relations as Causal in Militarization and War’.” International Feminist
Journal of Politics 12, no. 2 (2010): 139 — 157
Myrttynen, Henri, Judy El-Bushra, and Jana Naujoks. Rethinking Gender in Peacebuilding. London,
2014
Séance 3: The ‘International Dialogue on Peacebuilding and
Statebuilding and the ‘New Deal’ for Fragile and Conflict Affected
States
Required readings:
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See website of the International Dialogue on Peacebuilding and Statebuilding
(http://www.pbsbdialogue.org/en)
Recommended readings:
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Robinson, Karen. Gender and Statebuilding in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States, 2013
Federal Republic of Somalia. The Somali Compact Saferworld. Strengthening the New Deal from the
Bottom Up: Perspectives on the Somali Compact and Somaliland Special Arrangement (SSA), 2014
Castillejo, Clare. Building a State That Works for Women: Integrating Gender into Post-Conflict State
Building, 2011
Séance 4: Women’s political and economic participation
Required readings:
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See website of Political Settlements Research Programme
(http://www.politicalsettlements.org/about/how/themes/gender)
COURSE OUTLINE
Recommended readings:
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Goetz, Anne-Marie, Hanny Cueva-Beteta, Joanne Sandler, Malika Bhandarkar, Raluca Eddon, Moez
Dorad, and Anjali Dayal. Who Answers to Women? Gender and Accountability, 2009
International Alert. Women’s Political Participation and Economic Empowerment in Post-Conflict
Countries: Lessons from the Great Lakes Region in Africa, 2012
Séance 5: Gender and security in post-conflict settlements
Required readings:
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Blanchard, Eric. “Gender, International Relations, and the Development of Feminist International
Security Theory.” Signs 28, no. 4 (2006): 1289 – 1312
Recommended readings:
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Bagayoko, Niagale, Eboe Hutchful, and Robin Luckham. “Hybrid Security Governance in Africa:
Rethinking the Foundations of Security, Justice and Legitimate Public Authority.” Conflict, Security &
Development 16, no. 1 (2016): 1–32. doi:10.1080/14678802.2016.1136137
Caprioli, Mary. “Primed for Violence : The Role of Gender Inequality in Predicting Internal Conflict.”
International Studies Quarterly 49 (2005): 161–178
Hamber, Brandon, Paddy Hillyard, Amy Maguire, Monica Mcwilliams, Gillian Robinson, David
Russell, and Margaret Ward. “Discourses in Transition: Re-Imagining Women’s Security.”
International Relations 20, no. 4 (2006): 487–502. doi:10.1177/0047117806069410
Séance 6: Gender, violence, conflict and peacebuilding
Required readings:
 Moser, Caroline, and Fiona Clarke, eds. Victims, Perpetrators or Actors? Gender, Armed Conflict and
Political Violence. London: Zed Books, 2001
Recommended readings:
 El-Bushra, Judy. Gender in Peacebuilding: Taking Stock. London, 2012
 Potter, Antonia. We the Women: Why Conflict Mediation Is Not Just a Job for Men, 2005
 Cohn, Carol. and Jacobson, Ruth. “Women and Political Activism in the Face of War and
Militarization.” In Women and Wars, edited by C. Cohn, 102 – 123. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2012
 Cockburn, Cynthia. The Line: Women, Partition and the Gender Order in Cyprus. London & New
York: Zed Books, 2004
 Accord Insight, Women building peace. Conciliation Resources. 2013
COURSE OUTLINE
Séance 7: Gender in humanitarian interventions
Required readings:
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Byrne, Bridget, and Sally Baden. Gender, Emergencies and Humanitarian Assistance. Vol. 44.
BRIDGE Report. Brighton,1995
Recommended readings:
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CARE. Adversity and Opportunity: Gender Relations, Emergencies and Resilience, 2016
International Medical Corps, and CARE International. Rapid Gender and Protection Assessment
Report, 2014
HPN. Gender-Based Violence in Emergencies Special Feature. Humanitarian Exchange, 2014
Naujoks, Jana, and Henri Myrttinen. Re-Assessing Gender Norms after Conflict: Gender in
Peacebuilding in Nepal. London, 2014
Assignment for this session (if applicable): Essay (max 3,000 words) Outline the main components of the
WPS framework. How successful do you think the International Community has been in implementing it?
Give evidence from your reading and/or your experience and observation.
Séance 8: Gender and resilience
Required readings:
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Smyth, Ines, and Caroline Sweetman. “Introduction: Gender and Resilience.” Gender &
Development 23, no. 3 (2015): 405–414. doi:10.1080/13552074.2015.1113769
Recommended readings:
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CARE. Adversity and Opportunity: Gender Relations, Emergencies and Resilience, 2016
Cudworth, Erika. “Armed Conflict, Insecurity and Gender: The Resilience of Patriarchy?” Resilience:
International Policies, Practices and Discourses 1, no. 1 (2013): 69–75.
doi:10.1080/21693293.2013.768009
Mercy Corps. Rethinking Resilience: Prioritizing Gender Integration to Enhance Household and
Community Resilience to Food Insecurity in the Sahel, n.d
Naujoks, Jana. Building Back Better or Restoring Inequalities? Gender and Conflict Sensitivity in the
Response to Nepal’s 2015 Earthquake, 2015
Séance 9: Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Conflict
Required readings:
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Shahrokh, Thea. Towards More Inclusive Strategies to Address Gender-Based Violence. Brighton,
2015
COURSE OUTLINE
Recommended readings:
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Musse, Fouzia, Ndeye Sow, and Pauline Skaper. The Complexity of Sexual and Gender-Based
Violence: Insights from Mogadishu and South Central Somalia, 2015
Carpenter, R. C. “Recognizing Gender-Based Violence Against Civilian Men and Boys in Conflict
Situations.” Security Dialogue 37, no. 1 (2006): 83–103
Dolan, Chris. “War Is Not yet Over”: Community Perceptions of Sexual Violence and Its
Underpinnings in Eastern DRC. London, 2010. doi:10.1177/0967010606064139
Zarkov, Dubravka. “The Body of the Other Man: Sexual Violence and the Construction of
Masculinity, Sexuality and Ethnicity in Croatian Media.” In Victims, Perpetrators or Actors? Gender,
Armed Conflict and Political Violence, edited by F. Moser, C. and Clark, 69–82. London: Zed Books,
2001
Sivakumaran, Sandesh. “Lost in Translation: UN Responses to Sexual Violence against Men and
Boys in Situations of Armed Conflict.” International Review of the Red Cross 98, no. 877 (2010):
259–277
HPN. Gender-Based Violence in Emergencies Special Feature. Humanitarian Exchange, 2014
Séance 10: Sexuality, conflict and peacebuilding
Required readings:
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Couldrey, Marion, and Maurice Herson, eds. HIV / AIDS , Security and Conflict : Making the
Connections Vulnerable Mobile Populations Overlooked. Forced Migration Review. Refugee Studies
Centre, 2010
Recommended readings:
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Hagen, Jamie J. “Queering Women, Peace and Security.” International Affairs 92, no. 2 (2016): 313–
332. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12551
Herson, Maurice, Claire Bennett, and Felicity Thomas, eds. Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Protection of Forced Migrants. Forced Migration Review. Refugee Studies Centre, 2013
Myrttynen, Henri, Judy El-Bushra, and Jana Naujoks. Rethinking Gender in Peacebuilding. London,
2014
Séance 11: Gender, militarism and the global order
Required readings:
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Enloe, Cynthia. The Morning after: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War. University of
California Press, 1993
Recommended readings:
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Feminist Africa no. 10 (2008) especially articles by Y Clarke and by Mama, Amina. and OzakawaRey, M
COURSE OUTLINE
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Cinar, Oozgur Heval. and Usterci, Coskun., ed. Conscientious Objection: Resisting Militarized
Society. London and New York: Zed Books, 2009
Dietrich Ortega, Luisa Maria. “International Feminist Journal of Looking Beyond Violent Militarized
Masculinities Looking Beyond Violent Militarized.” International Feminist Journal of Politics no. March
2013 (2012): 37–41
Cockburn, Cynthia. “Gender Relations as Causal in Militarization and War’.” International Feminist
Journal of Politics 12, no. 2 (2010): 139 — 157
Séance 12: Men, masculinities, conflict and peace
Required readings:
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See website of the IMAGES project (http://promundoglobal.org/programs/international-men-andgender-equality-survey-images)
Recommended readings:
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Gardner, Judith, and Judy El-Bushra. The Impact of War on Somali Men: An Inception Study.
Nairobi, 2015
Dolan, Chris. “Collapsing Masculinities and Weak States – a Case Study of Northern Uganda.” In
Masculinities Matter! Men, Gender and Development, edited by F. Cleaver, 57–83. London & New
York: Zed Books, 2002
Alison, Miranda. “Wartime Sexual Violence: Women’s Human Rights and Questions of Masculinity.”
Review of International Studies 33, no. 1 (2007): 75–90
Lewis, Chloe. “Systemic Silencing: Addressing Sexual Violence against Men and Boys in Armed
Conflict and Its Aftermath.” In Rethinking Peacekeeping, Gender Equality and Collective Security,
edited by Gina Heathcote and Diane Otto, 203–223. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014
Wright, Hannah. Masculinities, Conflict and Peacebuilding: Perspectives on Men through a Gender
Lens. London, 2014
Connell, R. W. “Globalisation, Imperialism and Masculinities.” In Handbook of Studies on Men and
Masculinities, edited by Michael. S. Kimmell, Jeff. Hearn, and R.W. Connell, 71–89. Thousand Oaks:
Sage Publications, 2005
Assignment for this session (if applicable): In groups (to be assigned) prepare a presentation in any
medium (verbal, written, graphic, dramatic, etc) on the theme: “Contestations and contradictions”.