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Progressive Domestic Affairs
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Domestic Affairs 1890-1920
1897-1901 William McKinley
• Dingley Tariff Act – established
higher tariffs
• Gold Standard Act - marking
Republican victory in the
gold/silver debate.
• Sept. 6, 1901 – shot in
abdomen
 died 8 days later
1901-1909 Theodore Roosevelt
• Became President after
McKinley Shot
• viewed the presidency as a
“bully pulpit” – a platform to
guide Americans to a worthy
cause.
• 1902-United Mine Workers –
Roosevelt assisted on
arbitration
• enforced the Sherman
Antitrust Act by filing 42
antitrust actions (i.e. Beef
Trust, Standard Oil, American
Tobacco Company)
• 1905 – appointed Gifford
Pinchot to head United
States Forest Service
– TR set aside 200 million acres
for national forests, mineral
reserves & water projects
• 1906 – Hepburn Act passed
– gave the Interstate
Commerce Commission
(ICC) strong enforcement
• 1906 – Pure Food & Drug
Act and the Meat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3y8aHZr0Nk&index=1&list=PLYduLZLvSgll85sKq0 Inspection Act passed
Wm544koZ8rSQU3R
• handpicked nominee of Roosevelt
• pledged to carry on TR’s progressive program
• Angered Progressives
– Payne Aldrich Tariff passed highest tariff in Progressive Era
– Ballinger – Pinchot affair
• Taft’s record
– Reserved more public land and brought more antitrust
suits in 4 years than TR did in 7 yrs
– Supported the children's bureau, 16th Amendment, & 17th
Amendment
– Gave the ICC more power
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ikwkgtdnpzw&list=PLYdu
LZLvSgll85sKq0Wm544koZ8rSQU3R&index=2
Bull Moose
– TR (platform – “The New Nationalism”)
• Roosevelt entered the election of 1912 when returned from a
hunting trip in Africa to find that Taft had not fulfilled his promise
to carry out reforms.
• When Roosevelt lost the Republican nomination he created the
third party the Bull Moose Party because he said he felt as fit as a
bull moose.
• He argued from women’s suffrage, safer workplaces, an 8 hour
work day and regulating but not destroying monopolies.
• He obtained 27% of the popular vote or 88 electoral votes
Democratic
– Wilson (platform – “The New Freedom”)
• Wilson was the Democratic nominee. He would argue that
monopolies needed to be destroyed and tariffs reduced.
• He would win 42% of the popular vote or 435 electoral votes
enough to win the election
Republican – Taft
• Taft maintained the Republican nomination; however, he would
not be able to garnish enough votes to beat Wilson or Roosevelt.
• He would only garnish 23% of the popular vote or 8 electoral
votes.
Socialist Party – Eugene V. Debs
• Debs gained influence when he rose to the head of the Brother
hood of Locomotive Firemen.
• He would become the head of the Socialist Party after two major
strikes in this country.
• The Socialist Party’s goal was to end capitalism in this country and
to make everything government owned.
• Debs would earn 6% of the vote the most ever for a Socialist.
Ultimately Roosevelt entering the race for president would cause a split in the
votes leading to Wilson’s election to the presidency.
1913-1921 Woodrow Wilson
• 1913 – Underwood Tariff Act
• Sixteenth Amendment (federal income tax)
• Federal Reserve Act – created Federal Reserve
System that divided the country into 12 districts
• 1914 – Clayton Antitrust Act
• Created Federal Trade Commission
• 1916 – Federal Farm Loan Board created
– farmers could borrow money for 5-40 years with
lower interest
• Nominated the 1st Jewish Supreme Court Judge
What ended the Progressive Era?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECp83V4XF0&index=3&list=PLYduLZLvSgll85sKq0Wm544koZ8rSQU3R
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