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Kinetic Theory
Question Paper
Level
Subject
Exam Board
Unit
Topic
Sub-Topic
Booklet
IGCSE
Physics (4403)
AQA
P1
The Transfer of Energy by Heating Processes
Kinetic Theory
Question Paper
Time Allowed:
53 minutes
Score:
/53
Percentage:
/100
Grade Boundaries:
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Q1.Under the same conditions, different materials heat up and cool down at different rates.
(a)
What is meant by specific heat capacity?
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(2)
(b)
Quenching’ is a process used to change the properties of steel by cooling it rapidly.
The steel is heated to a very high temperature and then placed in a container of cold
water.
(i)
A metalworker quenches a steel rod by heating it to a temperature of 900 °C
before placing it in cold water. The mass of the steel rod is 20 kg.
The final temperature of the rod and water is 50 °C.
Calculate the energy transferred from the steel rod to the water.
Specific heat capacity of steel = 420 J / kg °C.
Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.
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Energy transferred = ........................................ J
(3)
(ii)
The temperature of the steel rod eventually returns to room temperature.
Compare the movement and energies of the particles in the steel rod and in
the air at room temperature.
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(3)
(iii)
When the steel rod is being quenched, the temperature of the water rises to 50
°C. After a few hours the water cools down to room temperature.
Some of the cooling of the water is due to evaporation.
Explain in terms of particles how evaporation causes the cooling of water.
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(4)
(Total 12 marks)
Q2.Solid, liquid and gas are three different states of matter.
(a)
Describe the difference between the solid and gas states, in terms of the
arrangement and movement of their particles.
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(4)
(b)
What is meant by ‘specific latent heat of vaporisation’?
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(2)
(c)
While a kettle boils, 0.018 kg of water changes to steam.
Calculate the amount of energy required for this change.
Specific latent heat of vaporisation of water = 2.3 × 106 J / kg.
Use the correct equation from Section B of the Physics Equations Sheet.
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Energy required = .................................... J
(2)
(d)
The graph shows how temperature varies with time for a substance as it is heated.
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The graph is not drawn to scale.
Explain what is happening to the substance in sections AB and BC of the graph.
Section AB .....................................................................................................
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Section BC .....................................................................................................
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(4)
(Total 12 marks)
Q3.Most materials expand when heated.
Figure 1 shows a bi-metallic strip when cold and when hot.
Figure 1
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Cold
(a)
Hot
The shape of the bi-metallic strip changes.
Explain this change of shape.
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(2)
(b)
Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
solar panels
thermistors
thermostats
Bi-metallic strips are used in ....................................................... .
(1)
(c)
The table below shows data for the relative expansion of some materials.
For example, copper expands twice as much as glass for the same temperature
rise.
Material
Aluminium
Relative expansion
23
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Copper
Glass
16
8
Iron
12
Mercury
59
(i)
On the grid in Figure 2, draw a bar chart for the data in the table.
Figure 2
(4)
(ii)
Which materials from the table could be metal A and metal B in Figure 1?
Choose one material for each.
Metal A ...........................................
Metal B ...........................................
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(1)
(iii)
Figure 3 shows a mercury-in-glass thermometer.
Figure 3
Give reasons for the choice of materials used to construct this thermometer.
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(4)
(Total 12 marks)
Q4.Levers and hydraulic systems can act as force multipliers.
(a)
Figure 1 shows a girl trying to lift a large rock using a long rod as a lever.
Figure 1
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The girl is pushing down on the rod but is just unable to lift the rock.
Which of the following changes would allow her to lift the rock?
Tick ( ) two boxes.
Change
Tick ( )
Move the pivot away from the rock
Make the rod longer
Push the rod upwards
Push down on the rod with a greater force
(2)
(b)
Liquids are used in hydraulic systems because they are virtually incompressible.
Explain how the spacing of particles in a liquid cause it to be virtually
incompressible.
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(2)
(c)
Figure 2 shows a man using a car jack to lift his car.
Figure 2
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© lisafx/iStock/Thinkstock
Figure 3 shows a simple diagram of a car jack.
Figure 3
(i)
The man pushes down with an effort force. This results in a much larger force
acting upwards on the car.
Use information from Figure 3 to explain how.
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(4)
(ii)
Which of the following statements about the forces in Figure 3 is correct?
Tick ( ) one box.
Tick ( )
The force acting on the car moves a greater distance than the effort
force.
The force acting on the car moves less distance than the effort force.
The force acting on the car moves the same distance as the effort
force.
(1)
(Total 9 marks)
Q5.(a)
The graph shows how the temperature of a pure substance changes as it cools from
330 °C.
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Explain why the temperature of the substance is constant between the points
marked J and K.
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(2)
(b)
A book of scientific data contains the statement:
‘The specific latent heat of fusion of pure ice is 3.3 × 105 J/kg’.
What does this statement mean?
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(1)
(c)
The diagram shows one method of measuring the specific latent heat of fusion of
ice in a laboratory where the temperature is 20 °C. Two funnels, A and B, contain
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equal amounts of crushed ice at 0 °C.
The mass of melted ice from each funnel is measured after 12 minutes.
The joulemeter measures the energy supplied to the heater.
(i)
Why is it necessary to set up funnel B to obtain an accurate result?
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(2)
(ii)
The measurements taken are given in the table.
Mass of melted ice collected from funnel A
63 g
Mass of melted ice collected from funnel B
24 g
Joulemeter reading
17160
Use the data in the table to calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.
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Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = ......................................... J/kg
(2)
(iii)
Suggest one reason why the value obtained by this method and the value
given in the data book are not the same.
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
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