APPLICATION BULLETIN
SMA® Resins - Versatile Resins in
Carpet and Rug Shampoos
SMA® Resins provide:
- A low-cost method for anti-resoiling by
drying the primary surfactant to a brittle,
non-tacky residue.
- Enhancement of the primary detergent
cleaning properties.
- A coating on carpet fibers to prevent
resoiling which is not detectable by feel or
appearance.
- Improved removal of coffee, blood and ink
stains.
Rug Shampoos are typically a combination of
four basic ingredients:
1.) Surfactants
The formulator has a wide choice in the type of
surfactant used. Some of the common surfactants
generally found in rug shampoos are discussed below:
a) Sodium or ammonium lauryl sulfate – good
cleaning and foaming characteristics but tend to
develop a waxy residue.
b) Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate – some
acceptance due to a low cloud point and cost.
Leaves a tacky residue upon drying.
c) Magnesium lauryl sulfate – good cleaning and
foaming properties but forms a waxy residue
and is high in cost.
d) Sodium sulfosuccinates and sarcosinates – high
foaming surfactants used as additives for
increased foam and improved embrittlement of
residue – high cost materials.
2.) Anti-Resoiling Agents
SMA® resins strike a balance between detergency and
resoiling resistance at a low cost.
3.) Solvents
These can be used in small quantities, usually 1-4% of
the formulation, to aid in oil and grease removal.
4.) Auxiliary Additives
These can include chelating agents, bactericides, antistatic agents and optical brighteners.
Formulating
SMA® 1000, 17352 and 2625 resins are effective in
combination with shampoo detergents because of
their detergency power and detackifying properties.
SMA® 1000 resin can be prepared in concentrations
up to 40% by weight in aqueous ammonia and
therefore is the resin of choice in new high solids rug
shampoo formulations. The SMA® 1000H resin
provides the convenience of a commercially available
liquid product containing approximately 38% SMA®
1000 resin. The detergent selected should be added
to the SMA® resin solution. Typical concentration rug
shampoos are in the 0.5-1.5% active solids range.
The following starting formulation was used in the
performance testing of SMA® Resins in rug shampoo:
Rug Shampoos Concentrate (10% Solids)
Ingredient
Parts by weight
®
17%
SMA 2625 (20% Solids)
Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS),
(30% solids)
Miranol SM concentrate
(amphoteric foam stabilizer)
Water, brighteners, perfume,
solvent, stabilizers
Oaklands Corporate Center, 468 Thomas Jones Way, Suite 100, Exton, PA 19341
Toll Free 877-871-2729
4965 01/10
27%
1%
Balance
Performance
SMA® Resins are used to impart anti-resoiling
characteristics to carpet shampoo, while maintaining
overall detergency properties for soil and stain removal.
Rapid resoiling of shampooed carpeting is caused by
the presence of a waxy residue left by the surfactant.
Modification of the primary detergent, such as sodium
lauryl sulfate, with SMA® Resins results in shampoo
which deposits a soil-resisting residue on the carpet
fiber. This coating/residue has a balance of hardness
and resilience that reduces soil deposition and maintains
the quality and appearance of the carpet over extended
intervals.
In addition, SMA® Resins themselves are surface
active agents and assist in stain and soil removal. The
basic hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of a
detergent molecule are present in the polymerized
styrene and maleic anhydride. SMA® Resins have been
shown to be particularly suitable for the removal of
coffee, blood and ink stains.
White nylon, polyester and acrylic carpets were
shampooed with three different levels of shampoo
containing SMA® Resins and sodium lauryl sulfate at
a 45/55 ratio. The carpeting was appearance-rated
prior to exposure, after increments of 1000 units of
traffic exposure, after reshampooing, and after further
exposure.
Additional testing with variation in the level of the
SMA® Resin employed is shown in Figure 1 and 2.
Appearance rating was obtained by both reflectance
measurements and through observation by a panel of
judges.
Similar results were obtained with nylon and polyester
carpeting.
The results clearly show that the shampoo having the
highest SMA® Resin content diplayed the best resoiling
resistance. Also the best resoiling resistance was
obtained with the highest level of shampoo employed
which left the most coating residue on the carpet.
SMA® Resin containing shampoo was significantly
better than either an unshampooed or a detergent
shampooed carpet.
Figure 1 Nylon Carpet - Effect of SMA® on Wear Performance
Nylon Carpet
appearance rating, % reflectance
Effect of SMA on Wear Performance
100
9.5 gr/yd2
6.3 gr/yd2
3.2 gr/yd2
80
60
40
20
0
0
1000
2000
3000
Pedestrian Count
4000
Figure 2 Acrylic Carpet - Effect of SMA® on Wear Performance
Acrylic Carpet
appearance rating, % reflectance
Effect of SMA on Wear Performance
100
SMA resins/SLS=0/100
80
SMA resins/SLS=25/75
60
SMA resins/SLS=45/45
40
unshampooed
20
0
0
1000
2000
3000
Pedestrian Count
Shampoo Residue Properties
Shampoos formulated at various SMA® Resin/sodium
lauryl sulfate (SLS) ratios were evaporated and an
examination of the residue revealed that the SMA®
resin caused a reduction in the waxy-tacky character
of the detergent.
®
% S MA Res in
0
25
50
% S LS
100
75
50
Properties
s o ft-tacky
firm/n o n -tacky
h ard /n o n -tacky
This reduction in the tacky character of the detergent
reduces soil occlusion and maintains fiber quality.
The formulations below illustrate the range of
compatibilities of systems containing SMA®
Resins.
Rug Shampoo Concentrate
(at 10% Active Solids)
SMA® Resin, 15% concentration
Sodium lauryl sulfate, 30%
concentration
Miranol SM concentrate
(foam stabilizer)
Water, perfume, brightener, solvent,
stabilizers
Hydrolyze SMA® Resin, then add other ingredients in
order listed. Adjust pH to 8.0 – 9.0.
Rug Shampoo Concentrate
(at 15% Active Solids)
SMA® Resin, 15% concentration
Sodium lauryl sulfate, 30% concentration
Sodium N-lauryl sarcosinates,
30% concentration 12pbw
Parts by
Weight
30%
12%
12%
Sodium lauryl monoethanolamide
sulfosuccinates, 37% concentration
8%
Water, perfume, brightener, solvent,
stabilizers
Balance
Suggested dilution of the above concentrate is one part
shampoo to 10 to 15 parts water.
Hydrolyze SMA® Resin, then add other ingredients in
order listed. Adjust pH to 8.5 – 9.0.
Parts by Weight
17%
27%
1%
Balance
Suggested usage of the above concentrate is one part
shampoo to nine parts water.
Rug Shampoo Concentrate
at 20% Active Solids
SMA® Resin, 15% concentration
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate, 40%
concentration
Sodium lauryl monoethanolamide
sulfosuccinate, 37% concentration
Water, perfume, brightener, solvent,
stabilizers
Parts by
Weight
40%
25%
11%
balance
Suggested usage of the above concentrate is one part
shampoo to 20 parts water.
Hydrolyze SMA® Resin, then add other ingredients in
order listed. Adjust pH to 8.5 – 9.0.
Rug Shampoo Concentrate
at 30% Active Solids
SMA® 1000 Resin, 40% concentration
Ammonium or sodium lauryl sulfate, 30%
concentration
Sodium N-lauryl sulfosuccinate, 37%
concentration
Water, perfume, brightener, solvent,
stabilizers
Parts by
Weight
30%
40%
16.2%
Balance
Use concentration of the above concentrate is in the
0.5 to 1.5 percent solids range, depending on desired
performance characteristics.
Hydrolyze SMA® Resin, then add other ingredients in
order listed. Adjust pH to 8.5 – 9.0.
1
rapidly as convenient, while stirring to disperse it
immediately in the water. Stir until homogeneous and
substantially clear – usually 1-3 hours. Keep the
temperature above 70 oC.
Some ammonia vapors will evolve from the tank with
the above procedure. This evolution can be greatly
reduced by adding the ammonium hydroxide last, after
all the SMA® Resin has been dispersed in the water
(Please refer to the technical bulletin, “Solubilizing
SMA® Resins”, for additional information on hydrolysis
of SMA® Resins).
15% Solution of SMA® 17352 Resin Parts by Weight
SMA® 17352 Resin,
15%
28% ammonium hydroxide
5%
Water
Balance
Procedure:
-Charge vessel with water at 40oC
-Add SMA® 17352 Resin with agitation
-Add ammonium hydroxide and continue agitation for
1-3 hours.
-Heat 70oC
-Final pH: 9.5 – 9.8
In high solids formulations, SMA® 1000 Resins is suggested because
of its lower solution viscosity.
Preparation of Pre-Hydrolyzed SMA Resin
Solutions
SMA® Resin in powder form will hydrolyze in 1-3
hours with ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide
when added to water at least 70 oC or above. SMA®
Resin in flake form will take longer to hydrolyze.
®
The simplest procedure is to charge the desired amount
of water. While stirring, add a 15% stoichiometric
excess of ammonium hydroxide solution at ambient
temperature; add the free flowing SMA® Resin as
40% Solution of SMA® 1000 Resins
SMA® 1000 Resin
28% ammonium hydroxide
Water
Parts by Weight
40%
24%
36%
Procedure:
-Charge vessel with water at ambient temperature.
-Add SMA® 1000 Resin with agitation.
-Add one-quarter of ammonia and watch temperature
exotherm. Add rest of ammonia slowly to keep
temperature at 70oC. Continue mixing for additional
30 minutes or until all solids are dissolved.
-Final pH: 9.5-9.8
The information in this bulletin is believed to be accurate, but all recommendations are made without warranty since the conditions of use are beyond Cray Valley Company's
control. The listed properties are illustrative only, and not product specifications. Cray Valley Company disclaims any liability in connection with the use of the information,
and does not warrant against infringement by reason of the use of its products in combination with other material or in any process.