Nonvascular Plants (“Bryophytes”)
– Hepaticophyta (Liverworts)
– Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)
– Bryophyta (Mosses)
Seedless Vascular Plants
– Lycophyta (Lycophytes, or Club Mosses)
– Psilotophyta (Whisk Ferns)
– Sphenophyta (or Equisetophyta) (Horsetails)
– Pteridophyta (Ferns)
Seed Plants
– Gnetophyta (Gnetophytes)
– Cycadophyta (Cycads)
– Ginkgophyta (Ginkgoes)
– Coniferophyta (Conifers)
– Anthophyta (Angiosperms)
Aglaophyton
Ostrich
Ferns
Fern sori
Fern sporangia
Fern
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
root
Carboniferous forest
Increased dominance
of the sporophyte
From ovule to seed
Giant sequoia
pollen
microsporangia
Pollen cone
Pollen grain
Archegonia
Megasporangium
wall
Female gametophyte
Micropyle opening
Ovule
Archegonia
Eggs
Megasporangium
wall
Growing pollen tube
1) Which of the following was not a problem for the first land plants:
A) sources of water
B) sperm transfer
C) desiccation
D) animal predation
E) gravity
2) Bryophytes have all of the following characteristics except:
A) multicellularity
B) specialized cells and tissues
C) well-developed vascular tissue
D) a protected, stationary egg cell
E) a reduced, dependent sporophyte
3) All Protists are alike in that they are:
A) autotrophic
B) heterotrophic
C) unicellular
D) eukaryotic
E) flagellated
4) Members of the green algae often differ from members of the land plants in that some green algae:
A) are heterotrophs
B) are unicellular
C) have chlorophyll a
D) store carbohydrates as starch
E) have cellulose cell walls
5) Which of the following is a land plant that produces flagellated sperm and has a sporophyte-dominant life cycle?
A) fern
B) moss
C) liverwort
D) gymnosperm
E) hornwort