In CASE Volume 51 , Number 3 • November–December 2009 INSIDE In CASE Policy Update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT THIS EDITION OF THE CASE NEWSLETTER WAS SENT TO THE EMAIL ADDRESS ON FILE WITH CEC EARLIER IN DECEMBER. IF YOU DID NOT RECEIVE THE ELECTRONIC VERSION, PLEASE NOTIFY THE CASE OFFICE ASAP [[email protected]] . BEGINNING IN 2010, THE IN CASE NEWSLETTER WILL BE SENT IN ELECTRONIC FORMAT UNLESS YOU REQUEST A PRINT VERSION (SEE FORM ON PAGE 15). THE EMAIL USED WILL BE THE EMAIL ON FILE WITH CEC HEADQUARTERS. Legal Update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Global Perspective . . . . . . . . . 4 Web Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Idea in Leadership. . . . . . . . . . 8 Oh Canada! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Winter Scholarship Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Winter Institute 2010 Registration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Calendar of Events . . . . . . . . 19 ♦ THE NEWSLETTER FOR THE Council of Administrators of Special Education A DIVISION OF THE The CASE Newsletter is published bimonthly by the Council of Administrators of Special Education and Editor Luann L. Purcell, Executive Director, 101 Katelyn Circle Suite E, Warner Robins, GA 31088. Subscription rate is free to members of CASE. Postmaster: Send address changes to The Council for Exceptional Children, Suite 300, 1110 North Glebe Rd., Arlington, VA 22201-5704. President’s Pen President’s Message Thoughts on Leadership Supporting Others; Taking Care of Ourselves DR. EMILY COLLINS, CASE PRESIDENT Feeling too tired to be inspired, much less inspiring? Too discouraged to feel encouraged, much less encouraging? Too stressed to be impressed, much less impressive? We are undeniably living in difficult times. I’m hearing more and more educational leaders discussing how stressful this year has been for them. They speak of how they feel stretched in so many different directions trying to do all that must be done and how tired they are. In these very difficult economic times we are often trying to do more with less. We face more responsibilities and more demands, often caused by personnel cuts or cutbacks in contracts. The stress is compounded because we are faced with doing more with lessless time, fewer personnel, and less resources in many areas. Severe state and provincial budget cuts due to declining revenues have created the current critical situation. While ARRA stimulus funds in the U.S. have alleviated some of the financial pressure there, we know this is only temporary and fear what will happen in a couple of years. There is little doubt as to why so many educational leaders are feeling so stressed. Stress takes a heavy toll on us and on our ability to be effective and efficient in our professional roles. Therefore it is absolutely necessary we learn ways to manage and hopefully overcome our stress and increase our ability to be encouraging and inspiring to those we lead. We must remember our professional team members are also often tired, discouraged, and stressed. We need them. They need our encouragement and support. When we provide this we earn their commitment, loyalty, and dedication to the job to be done. Supporting and encouraging our professional teams will make our own jobs easier, more enjoyable, and rewarding. We can do this. We can put some controls on our stress, be more supporting and encouraging to those with whom we work, and therefore be more efficient and effective in our professional roles. The first thing we must control is our beliefs. We must believe we can do this because our beliefs determine what we are able to accomplish. Our beliefs can limit us or take us to new levels. We must recognize the strength within ourselves, and that every difficult task we complete strengthens us. Our strength is our greatest encourager so let’s not procrastinate and do undertake our most difficult tasks first because completion of our most difficult tasks strengthens us and empowers us in all the other things we must do. The more empowered we can make ourselves, the more we can empower others. It is also helpful to remember why we went into the field of special education, why we have remained in this field, and what we want to accomplish for students with disabilities. Never forget this higher purpose. It is what we are all about. We should refuse to let anything interfere with what we are all about. Realize this is not something we can do alone. We need the others on our professional teams, and they need our help, encouragement, and support. Experience teaches us we are encouraged and lift up ourselves when we reach out to encourage and support others. When we are discouraged and still seek to give others what they need, our own discouragement frequently diminishes. When we keep our focus on what we can give to others rather than what we receive the benefits are magnified for all. In the words of Robert Louis Stevenson “Do not judge each day by the harvest you reap, but by the seed you plant.” Dr. Collins is Pupil Services Director at Chattahoochee-Flint Regional Educational Services Agency in southwest Georgia and the current President of CASE.. In CASE 2 POLICY UPDATE SPECIAL LEGISLATIVE ANALYSIS TO CASE Noise on ESEA Intensifies MYRNA MANDLAWITZ Although it seems the only conversation in Washington is on health care reform, education remains another major focus of the Administration. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan, joined by the assistant secretaries and other key staff, seems to be everywhere speaking about the Administration’s vision for the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA, currently known as No Child Left Behind). emphasis on federal incentives for improvement, noting current law includes many consequences for failure but few rewards for success. He also focuses on adding growth models to ensure schools get credit for individual student progress. Use of data to inform and improve instruction and student outcomes is another recurring theme. Common Core Standards Another conversation has been taking place outside the federal government. The National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) are leading the effort to develop Common Core Standards that States could voluntarily adopt. While the Department of Education has not officially endorsed this effort, development of common standards is among the final priorities under the Race to the Top grant application. Confidential Draft Leaked This past week a Department of Education “confidential draft” document was leaked that outlines a framework for ESEA. The education community has expected the Department would issue a statement, most likely in January 2010, laying out the major themes and ideas for the upcoming reauthorization. Much of what is in the draft has already been discussed in a series of stakeholder meetings hosted by the Department over the last several months. CASE has been represented at each of these meetings. The draft states the following overarching themes for ESEA reauthorization: • Raise the bar for all students. Close the gap. • Tight on goals. Loose on means. • Foster equity, opportunity, and reform. • Develop a culture of innovation and excellence. • Recognize, reward, and bring success to scale. In addition, the draft carries forward the four principles delineated in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act: • Rigorous standards and meaningful assessments. • Great teachers and leaders. • Transformation of persistently low-performing schools. • Effective use of data. One area more clearly stated in the document is “successful, safe and healthy kids.” The document includes under this heading “shared responsibility for student success,” “safe schools and positive school climates,” and “comprehensive student supports and improving students’ health and well-being.” School climate has gained much more prominence in the current administration under the leadership of Assistant Deputy Secretary for the Office of Safe and DrugFree Schools Kevin Jennings. It is likely that ESEA will include requirements for measuring school climate, just as there are required measures of academic success. Duncan’s Vision The Secretary has been interviewed extensively about what can be expected in the next iteration of the ESEA. He anticipates a strong Two sets of standards are under development – College and Career Readiness Standards and K-12 Standards. NGA and CCSSO have collected comments on the draft College and Career Readiness Standards and will be requesting comments on the draft K-12 standards in early January. Once both sets of standards are completed, they will be reviewed by a Validation Committee. Although States will not be required to adopt these standards, 48 States are participating in this effort. Therefore, it is highly likely that the standards or a comparable set of standards will be used across the country, and possibly with the encouragement of the U.S. Department of Education. Timing There is still no official time table for the ESEA reauthorization process. Much still depends on the continued health care debate, especially in the Senate where the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) deals with both health and education issues. It will be up to Committee Chairman Senator Harkin to determine what bills come forward next, although education staff members have been working for some time on what the ESEA bill will look like. The House staff is also engaged in discussions on ESEA. CASE will keep you informed as the process unfolds. Myrna Mandlawitz, president of MRM Associates, LLC, a legislative consulting firm in Washington, DC, represents a number of national associations as a consultant and lobbyist on a broad range of general and special education issues. She has written extensively and presented across the country on special education law and policy, previously served as the Director of Government Relations for the National Association of State Directors of Special Education, and is the CASE Legislative Consultant. November–December 2009 3 JULIE J. WEATHERLY This is the fourth article in a series setting forth “essential points” to remember regarding the discipline of students with disabilities. The first essential point here will round out the issue of what removals from school constitute a “change of placement” for purposes of triggering mandatory procedural steps under the IDEA. The additional two essential points will begin to address the requirement for making manifestation determinations. ESSENTIAL POINT #10: Removal of a student for head lice does not trigger the disciplinary “change of placement” provisions under the IDEA. It is important to remember that there are reasons that students may be removed from school other than for disciplinary reasons. One of those reasons could include the fact that the student has head lice or some other health or medical condition which could be of significant concern to others. In Souderton Area Sch. Dist. v. Elizabeth S., 38 IDELR 244, 820 A.2d 863 (Pa. Comm. Ct. 2003), the district would not allow a student with head lice to attend school for nineteen days under the state’s Department of Health regulation requiring that a child with head lice be excluded from settings with other children. When the parents challenged the removal as an inappropriate change of placement in violation of the IDEA’s discipline provisions, the court ruled that the IDEA’s protections did not apply to an exclusion for head lice and that the student was neither suspended nor expelled. Instead, the district kept her in school as much as legally possible and the school nurse aggressively treated her head lice in an effort to improve her condition, but it was not resolved. Because the removal was not for disciplinary purposes, the court ruled that the IDEA’s discipline “change of placement” provisions did not apply. ESSENTIAL POINT #11: Understanding the purpose of making the “manifestation determination” is key to compliance with the IDEA. The “manifestation determination” (MD) is perhaps the key procedural hurdle to ensuring appropriate discipline of a student with a disability. The manifestation determination requirement, however, did not first appear in the IDEA until the enactment of the 1997 IDEA Amendments. Instead, the “manifestation determination” has been a long-standing concept that arises under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act that is designed to ensure that students with disabilities are not removed from their educational placements on the basis of disability. In other words, to apply traditional disciplinary consequences to a student with a disability may be discriminatory if the conduct for which the student is disciplined was caused by, or a manifestation of, the H H HH H (fourth in a series of articles regarding Discipline of Students with Disabilities) UP D L A AT E H DISCIPLINE OF STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES: ESSENTIAL POINTS TO REMEMBER L EG LEGAL UPDATE student’s disability. Thus, the purpose of making the MD is to ensure that disability discrimination does not occur in the process of disciplining a student with a disability. ESSENTIAL POINT #12: It is important to ensure that the MD is made using the appropriate legal standard. Many mistakes occur in the process of making manifestation determinations, which may be based upon the fact that some teams do not use the proper standard for making the MD. Under the 2004 IDEA, the questions to consider changed significantly and require the following to occur: Within 10 school days of any decision to change the placement of a child with a disability because of a violation of a code of student conduct, the local educational agency, the parent and relevant members of the IEP Team (as determined by the parent and local educational agency) shall review all relevant information in the student’s file, including the child’s IEP, any teacher observations, and any relevant information provided by the parents to determine: (i) If the conduct in question was caused by, or had a direct and substantial relationship to, the child’s disability; or (ii) if the conduct in question was the direct result of the local educational agency’s failure to implement the IEP. If the local educational agency, the parent, and relevant members of the IEP Team determine that either (i) or (ii) above is applicable for the child, the conduct shall be determined to be a manifestation of the child’s disability. 20 U.S.C. § 1415(k)(1) (E). In addition, the IDEA regulations provide that, if the LEA, the parent, and members of the child’s IEP Team determine that the child’s behavior was the direct result of the LEA’s failure to implement the child’s IEP, the LEA must take immediate steps to remedy those deficiencies. 34 C.F.R. § 300.530(e)(3). It is important that MD teams adhere to the correct standard in order to ensure that defensible determinations are made. Importantly, school personnel must ensure that all relevant information about the student is considered and documented to provide justification for the ultimate determination made. Julie Weatherly is the owner of Resolutions in Special Education, Inc. in Mobile, AL, which is a consulting business designed to assist educational agencies in the avoidance of special education legal disputes. In addition, she is a founder of and attorney with The Weatherly Law Firm, LLP based in Atlanta, Georgia and is a member of the State Bars in Georgia and Alabama. In CASE 4 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Embracing Inclusive Approaches for Children and Youth with Special Educational Needs: A 2010 International Special Education Forum in Riga, Latvia Carmen J. Iannaccone, Executive Director, DISES Division of International Special Education and Services Have you been deep in thought about possibilities for a unique and provocative professional endeavor during the summer of 2010? Well, ponder no further. The Division of International Special Education and Services (DISES) has been engaged in planning a conference to be held during July, 11-14, 2010 in the Eastern European country of Latvia. DISES is working in a four-way partnership with the International Step-by-Step Association (ISSA), the Center for Educational Initiative (CEI) and the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) to offer a wide ranging special education conference in Riga, Latvia. The Riga forum will be DISES’ third international special education conference. Others have included the very well received and attended Special Education World Congress: 2000 convened in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and the International Special Education Forum: 2007 held in Lima, Peru. It was at the conference in Lima, Peru that discussions began with Deborah Ziegler, CEC Associate Executive Director of Policy and Advocacy Services and member of Board of Directors of the International Step-by-Step Association (ISSA) to propose forming a collaborative conference planning group with ISSA. ISSA, whose administrative offices are located in Budapest, Hungary, is a membership organization that “unites individuals and independent early childhood organizations into a powerful network to promote democratic principles and equal opportunities for all children” (www.issa.nl). ISSA, as well, develops and distributes educational resources, implements high quality child-centered educational programs, encourages active parent and community involvement, and supports ongoing research throughout numerous Eastern European and Central Asian nations. Over the course of numerous discussions including a January, 2009 meeting in Riga, Latvia, DISES President Tom Gumpel and Vice President Alice Farling met with ISSA’s Executive Director, Liana Ghent, Executive Director of the Latvian Center for Educational Initiatives, Zenija Berzina, and Deborah Ziegler of CEC proposed the formation of a conference planning partnership. Proposals and a Memorandum of Agreement were approved by the respective Boards of Directors and planning was underway. Save the date posters were distributed earlier in 2009 (www.cec.sped.org ) and the Call for Papers was distributed. More recently, the deadline for submitting program proposals was extended to January 31, 2010 (See Call For Papers on page 5). The underlying expectations for the conference in Riga remain very much in keeping with those of our previous conferences and DISES mission and goals. That is, by bringing special education professionals and service providers together from throughout the world we hope to facilitate information, knowledge and idea sharing related to challenging issues and problems that continue to confront the formulation and implementation of special education policy and factors that are central to innovative program development. In order to assure maximum opportunity for deliberative discourse and interaction among forum participants, the conference program and activities will be organized accordingly. In this regard, we are firmly committed to achieving outcomes that will lead to lasting collaborative networks of practitioners, higher educators, researchers, community organizations, parents and individuals with disabilities. The Riga conference will be a unique and exciting venture as simultaneous translations will be provided in the languages of Russian and English for all keynote addresses and program sessions. Further, this conference will encourage an open and ranging discourse between Eastern European and Central Asian I.S.S.A. early childhood specialists and special educators representing the Latvian Center for Educational Initiatives, DISES, and the Council for Exceptional Children. This arguably offers an unprecedented opportunity for CASE members to share and exchange their extensive inclusive educational approaches knowledge and experiential bases within the context of this international general and special education conference. In conclusion, please visit the CEC Website for forthcoming registration information, as well as pre and post conference tour opportunities to St. Petersburg, Russia; Helsinki, Finland; Stockholm, Sweden and other sites in the Baltic region. Most importantly, come and meet your global special education colleagues, and be encouraged to take a role in the program by sharing your unique knowledge and experience as special education leaders and innovators. We feel certain that your participation in this unique and unprecedented special education and early childhood conference in culturally rich and beautiful Riga, Latvia will ensure memorable and far reaching returns for both general and special education and services well into the future. See you in Riga! Does CEC and CASE Have YOUR Correct EMAIL ADDRESS? 8 CASE will be moving to an electronic newsletter in the coming months so it is critical that CEC have a current, working email address on file for you. Please take a moment to update your contact information at CEC by either going on line at www.cec.sped.org or contacting Membership Services at 888/232-7733 (toll free) or e-mail [email protected] November–December 2009 5 Registration is ON LINE AT WWW.CASECEC.ORG A NEW IDEA in Partnership! January 27-29, 2010 Sheraton Sand Key Clearwater Beach, FL Scholarships available to CROSS STAKEHOLDER TEAMS! See Registration form and Scholarship form—Questions? Email [email protected] OR call 478-333-6892 HOTEL RATES END DECEMBER 23rd! In CASE 6 CASE MONTHLY WEB RESEARCH QUESTION RESULTS What is “co-leadership” when administering programs for special education? DR. PAMELA HUDSON BAKER, GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY AND DR. MICHEL MILLER, DREXEL UNIVERSITY What is “co-leadership” when administering programs for special education? Addressing the needs of an increasingly diverse student body has become a daunting task for today’s educators. Teachers and administrators alike are expected to meet the needs of all learners . . . those with any combination of emotional, behavioral, physical, sensory, learning, or cognitive differences. Just as the field of education has moved toward models of co-teaching to better serve learners with disabilities, consideration of a model for coleading is needed to meet the ever-changing demands of schools governed by the high standards of both No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA). Co-leading can be conceptualized as the practice of a building administrator leading a school in collaboration with administrators having expertise in other disciplines, such as special education, with the purpose of efficiently and effectively supporting all staff and all learners (Miller, 2009). Since an approach for such joint service delivery is naturally based upon the premise of collaboration, recognition of the key elements of this interaction style is essential. According to Friend and Cook (2007), several characteristics exist that define collaboration: (a) voluntary involvement, (b) parity among participants, (c) mutual goals, (d) shared decision making, (e) shared resources, and (f) shared accountability. In education settings, coteaching is defined as two or more teachers in the same classroom delivering substantive instruction to a diverse group of students (Friend & Cook). Therefore, one might view co-leading as two or more interdisciplinary administrators delivering substantive support systems to a diverse group of stakeholders in the same school setting. Successful collaboration requires work; therefore, co-leading, like co-teaching, is expected to take a great deal of preparation. By nature, teachers are often territorial because of subject-specific environments, and are often accustomed to teaching in isolation (Murawski & Dieker, 2004). Administrators can also be territorial because of high accountability environments, and are often accustomed to leading alone. Any collaborative leadership relationship can be doomed if one partner dominates, or leads in a direction that the other is not expecting. Co-leading partnerships among administrators representing differing skill sets would need to be balanced if political positioning is to be minimized by reducing the opportunity for one leader to exert power over the other (Bolman & Deal, 2008). While research on co-leading in education-based settings is lacking, co-leadership has been discussed and researched in the fields of health care, business, and counseling. Research by Wilhelmson (2005) in the field of business investigated leadership pairs, co-leaders, who had successful long-term (five years or longer) experience working together. Connections to Friend and Cook’s (2007) work on collaboration are clear in Wilhelmson’s findings regarding successful co-leading partners: (a) share common core values, (b) work towards common goals, (c) develop a supportive relationship with joint responsibility and authority, (d) develop a common work process and planning system, (e) discuss problems between themselves until agreeing on strategic plans to the solve the problems, (f) share mutual respect, and (g) engage in critical reflection and personal development. Educators can also learn from the medical arena. Ponte (2004) found that by using nurse-physician co-leaders at all levels of the organization it has strengthened decision-making practices around shared areas of accountability and establishes mechanisms that clinicians can use to promote quality care. Gaining Perspective from the Field Given the lack of information about co-leading in education, gaining perspective from the field seemed critical to understanding if shared leadership is present in education and if it has potential for working to the benefit of learners with exceptional needs. Three questions emerged: 1. What might co-leading mean? How would you define this term? 2. What should co-leading among special education and general education leaders look like in schools, in school districts? 3. Have you seen any examples of co-leading in your school or district? If so, please share what you observed. CASE members who provided their e-mail address received an email requesting their participation in the monthly research question; in addition, visitors to the CASE website could access the survey through a link under the “News” menu. The researchers used Survey Monkey, an online survey tool, to collect the responses. One hundred twenty-six useable responses have been included in the analysis (n = 126); five responses were not included due to exact duplication of another entry or no comments provided for any of the three items. The researchers reviewed the collection of responses for each question to develop a list of emergent themes for further analysis. A third party reviewer offered additional insights to help offset any bias the researchers may have brought to the analysis. A detailed analysis of these qualitative responses yielded the following observations. What is co-leadership? The participants’ responses centered on what co-leaders should be doing together, what co-leading is not, and what conditions could make co-leading a reality. The participants felt that co-leaders should be doing activities together related to working with teachers and staff, management of the school units, and supporting all students. They felt that co-leaders should share the responsibility for observing, evaluating, scheduling, supporting, and hiring teachers and staff. Additionally, they relayed that they should collaborate on the development and delivery of professional development as well as the creation of professional learning communities. In the management of the school units, participants felt it was important for co-leaders to develop a shared vision. They also felt co-leaders should participate in shared decision making after coming to a shared understanding of issues. Many of the respondents thought there should be shared accountability and responsibility between the co-leaders. In addition, they thought co-leaders should create and implement school policy, curriculum, and budgets together as well as cooperatively and proactively plan initiatives. Primarily, participants emphasized the importance of considering all students when leading. They felt co-leaders should implement best practices, deliver services, and share resources for all students. In addition, that wanted co-leaders to share ownership, advocacy for, and programming for all students. Continued on page 7 November–December 2009 7 WEB RESEARCH Continued from page 6 An important theme around using data was seen in the responses. The participants felt it was critical for co-leaders to look at student data and consider the achievement of all students. The participants strongly stated what they thought co-leadership was not. They felt neither co-leader should be considered as a type of assistant only called upon when needed. They wanted to remove the separation, inequality, and hierarchy between the disciplines in leadership. Finally, the participants did not want any leaders to be left out of the discussion of issues; they wanted each perspective to be represented in meaningful dialogue regarding programs for exceptional learners. The overwhelming perception of what co-leadership should look like is that of a seamless integration of education leaders with complementary skills in which mutual respect and shared goals make it impossible to distinguish who represents general education and who represents special education. Respondents suggested that an interdependent collaboration is needed along with a commitment to a common purpose among all parties if co-leading is to be successful on a consistent basis. They suggested that co-leaders need to work side-by-side on a regular basis to address the learning needs of all students. There should be no more “us” versus “them” mentality where there are “your kids” and “my kids.” They also noted the need for equal responsibility for joint planning and decision-making using shared data sources. Respondents offered specific notations regarding the influence of Response to Intervention (RtI) as a vehicle for encouraging co-leadership. They also noted the value of using Professional Learning Communities as a model for shared, collaborative, or distributed leadership initiatives. What experiences with co-leadership were reported? When asked to share professional experiences regarding co-leadership, 58% of respondents stated they had observed situations reflective of the expectations noted previously. Many offered encouraging comments of principals who welcomed input, shared professional development opportunities, and participated fully on instructional planning teams. These respondents wrote of being fully included in meetings with the opportunity to make meaningful contributions in the decision-making process. Some even noted opportunities for shared evaluation of staff and shared presentations at conferences regarding their collaborative approaches to supporting all learners. And yet, just over six percent of respondents felt they had seen an inconsistent presence of co-leadership in their settings. These respondents spoke of being invited to meetings or having collaborative practices (e.g., co-teaching) approved for use only in certain schools, depending upon the personality of the building administrator. From this group came the observation that consistency comes from the top down with evaluative criteria linked to the expectation of co-leadership behaviors. While the 64% of participants noted above reported at least some experience with co-leadership, the remaining 36% did not report such experiences. In fact, a couple of interesting parallels with special education as a whole emerged in the responses. For instance, some respondents felt that the separate systems of general education and special education are definitely not equal; and some referenced cases of equal access to meetings without an equal opportunity for influence. Of the 30% of respondents who did not view themselves as having experienced co-leading situations, many referred to the separation that still exists between special education and general education. Some even spoke of feeling excluded or abandoned; of being the “stepchild” of the system who was brought in for troubleshooting as an afterthought. Some wrote of being at cross-purposes with general educators and facing frequent resistance. In addition to those who showed frustration with their lack of co-leadership opportunities were those who felt that co-leading took excessive time for minimal gain. Another six percent offered unclear responses or felt the question did not apply to them. Is co-leadership viable for the future? One respondent wrote “I am really pleased CASE is looking at this coleadership function for it is a crucial component of our system’s ability to move from “parallel play” into a unified system of services for all students.” The responses to these exploratory survey items reinforced the need for an awareness of the collaboration characteristics noted by Friend and Cook (2007) and Wilhelmson (2005) indicating that parity and mutual respect are particularly critical if a co-leading arrangement is to be a success. While clearly there is an ongoing need for more research in the area of coleadership, consideration of the practical side of this opportunity is relevant in the meantime. Special education leaders could identify a principal with whom they have established a sense of trust to approach for co-leadership. Once the principal demonstrates interest, the two leaders can involve other administrative leaders, or even the superintendent, in an effort to extend the opportunity to other schools. Given the comments shared by the respondents as well as what is known about collaborative partnerships, co-leading is likely to involve phases when moving toward an effective interdisciplinary co-leadership relationship. The first phase is likely to be the planning stage where a shared vision for all administrators, teachers, staff, and students in the targeted setting (e.g., district, building) can be created. It is also in this phase where co-leaders assess the current organizational structure and culture as they target areas in need of joint leadership skills. In phase two, implementation, it is time to begin co-leadership of the school entity. In this phase, co-leaders must develop a clear, consensus-oriented approach to solving problems that arise (Ponte, 2004). Finally, there is phase three, maintenance, during which coleaders engage in reflection to create mechanisms for prioritizing ongoing and emergent tasks. Table 1 includes areas to consider when planning for all three phases of co-leadership. Table 1: Considerations for Co-Leading Phases Areas to Consider or Questions to Ask Planning Phase ■ Supervision of special education and general education teachers serving in inclusive classrooms ■ Budget for programs and classrooms ■ Student data collection and use ■ Professional development ■ Staff meetings ■ Schedule development ■ Teacher room assignments ■ Teacher extra duty assignments ■ Leadership in the eligibility and IEP processes ■ Supporting all teachers ■ Hiring practices ■ Firing practices ■ Strategic planning within context (e.g., system, school, content area/department, special education) ■ Set goals Continued on page 10 In CASE 8 A New IDEA in LEADERSHIP! Paradigm Shifts--Valuable Insights for Leaders DENNIS HOOPER, copyright © 2009, published in the Nov/Dec 2009 issue of the “In CASE” Newsletter “Awareness” is extremely important for leaders. Learning how to intentionally increase awareness is perhaps one of the greatest gifts that I provide to my clients. Expanded awareness helps you realize your limitations and motivates you to improve. Enhancing your awareness also helps you understand that you have some natural skills. Knowing how you accomplish what you do allows you to contribute to the skills of others, including future leaders in your organization. In 1962, Thomas S. Kuhn, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, an extensive essay on the emergence of scientific discoveries. In his preface, Kuhn introduces the term paradigm, which he uses throughout the work. Kuhn explains that a paradigm is “a universally recognized scientific achievement that for a time provides model problems and solutions to a community of [scientific] practitioners.” Kuhn says that throughout history “anomalies, or violations of expectation,” have intrigued scientists. These are pieces of information that don’t seem to fit the accepted theory. These data may be false readings or unexplained variants from the norm. Sometimes, however, these unexpected pieces of information offer a new insight, a breakthrough in scientific thought. This “Aha” experience is what business leaders and consultants today are calling a “paradigm shift.” Some people ridicule the term “paradigm” as fancy jargon, but the term describes well how one sees a given situation, which has tremendous influence on what one does in response to that situation. Synonyms for “paradigm” are many: perspective, viewpoint, belief, mindset, outlook, perception, understanding, assumption, mental image, theory, model, interpretation, frame of reference. A “paradigm shift” occurs when you receive a piece of information that causes you to question the way you’ve understood the world in the past. There’s usually a feeling of surprise, accompanied by an excited “Aha!” or a contemplative “Hmm!” You wonder, “How could I have lived for such a long time with such a ‘wrong’ viewpoint?” You really haven’t had a “wrong” perspective. Your outlook has been, however, incomplete. None of us sees the world as it really is. We all see the world through filters such as our experiences, our habits and tendencies, our motives, and our preconceived beliefs about what is and what should be. Sometimes, the more familiarity we have with a given topic--like leadership-the more blind we become to insights that are obvious to others. A paradigm shift merely expands our awareness of what exists. For that reason, I encourage leaders to welcome paradigm shifts. New insights give you an expanded appreciation for the information you’ve already mastered. And they stimulate you to explore further. You’ve probably experienced just such an unexpected awareness yourself. Here are some examples. --In the 1500’s, Nicholas Copernicus’ calculations suggested that the earth and other planets rotated around the sun. The Catholic church banned his writings as heresy--for over two hundred years! --A guy named Saul was headed to Damascus to arrest Christians when he received some information that radically changed his viewpoint and his subsequent behaviors (see the Bible, Acts 9). --In his book, The 4-Hour Workweek, Timothy Ferriss reports that in his first full-time job out of college, the norm was to work telephone sales from 9am to 5pm. He chose to make calls from 8:00-8:30am and 6:00-6:30pm, avoiding the secretarial gatekeepers. This simple adjustment allowed him to reach more decision makers, achieving twice the results of the senior sales executives while working only 1/8 the total time. Apparently, following what everyone else does isn’t necessarily the most effective way. --Near the end of “The Wizard of Oz,” the good witch Glenda helps Dorothy return home, saying: “You’ve always had the power to go back to Kansas.” The Scarecrow says indignantly: “Then why didn’t you tell her before?” Glenda responds: “Because she wouldn’t have believed me. She had to learn it for herself.” That’s the essence of a paradigm shift. No one can force it on--or experience it for--someone else. We deceive ourselves into thinking we see the truth, yet none of us “sees” the world as it truly is. When we receive that unexpected new piece of information, we experience “Aha!” We’re never the same again. When you consciously choose to open yourself to the possibilities of new information, paradigm shifts occur frequently and easily. To encourage openness to new insights, I invite my clients to share their paradigm shifts with me. They often do so only reluctantly at first. As they become accustomed to the experience, they become increasingly more excited at the new insights they share. Paradigm shifts can move you closer to the truth. They are a blessing if you welcome and consciously seek them. When you realize that your perceptions are limiting you, you can evaluate the filtering glasses through which your sight is distorted, and new understanding floods your awareness. “Aha” moments break through your past perceptions, and new options for behavior present themselves like an unexpected yet very pleasant gift! **************************************** DENNIS HOOPER helps leaders build skills and awareness beyond what comes naturally. Contact Dennis at dhooper2@juno. com, call 478-988-0237, or find his website: www.buildingfutureleaders.com. November–December 2009 9 Oh Canada! Special Education Teachers: Community of Learners NANCY BALDREE Professional learning for teachers has come a long way from the days of ‘sit and get’ workshops covering topics mandated from ‘on high’. Learning through collaboration with colleagues, deepening knowledge and skills in a focused area, and learning over time with the ability to apply new learning and reflect on the experiences are all hallmarks of meaningful professional learning for educators. The Elementary Teachers’ Federation of Ontario (ETFO) project, Special Education Teachers: Community of Learners, was able to provide special education teachers across Ontario with an exciting professional learning opportunity based on these principles of effective professional learning. ETFO represents 73,000 elementary teachers, occasional teachers, and education workers employed in the public elementary schools of the province of Ontario. Providing high quality professional learning to its members is one of the cornerstones of this strong union. Funding provided by the government of Ontario, through the Ministry of Education, allowed ETFO to offer this unique professional development experience for special education teachers. The project focused on: - Working collaboratively with classroom teachers to support students with special needs in their classes; - Increasing knowledge of coaching skills; and - Increasing knowledge and understanding about differentiat ing instruction as a key way to program for students with spe cial needs in the regular class. During the course of the year-long project, 20 special education teachers from across the province came together to form a community of learners. They met as a group three times, for a total of six days of face-to-face sessions. In addition to these faceto-face sessions, the project also included an online component. The participants committed to completing a project that involved working with a partner classroom teacher and sharing a presentation about their project with the group. The structure of the project contributed greatly to the success the participants experienced. The government funding allowed for a rich, indepth learning opportunity at little cost to the participants. Learning over time, with the opportunity to apply and reflect on their new knowledge and insights was a meaningful, job embedded growth experience that many participants had never experienced before. Meeting several times over the course of the year allowed for the application of and reflection on new learning as well as the opportunity to scaffold their learning. It also provided teachers with an opportunity to re-energize and refocus on the project over time. Because there were only 20 teachers in the group, the participants were able to develop significant relationships providing each other with support and encouragement over the course of the project. Assigning teachers to a “home team” (five teams of four teachers each) was also a successful strategy. Having the teachers complete a survey prior to meeting for the first time allowed us to structure carefully crafted home teams based on participants’ interests, motivation and needs. Having them introduce themselves to each other electronically before meeting for the first time, paved the way for team bonding during the first face-to-face session. Feedback indicated the support of their home team members was critical for the success of the project and for keeping participants motivated and accountable. Each participant worked with a partner classroom teacher to determine the focus of his/her project. The project topics reflected the individual needs and readiness level regarding differentiating instruction and coaching skills for both the classroom teacher and the special education teacher. Project topics included: - Creating class profiles - Linking diagnostic assessments and unit planning - Improving reading comprehension - Improving social skills and behaviour - Using flexible groupings Participants’ feedback (comprised of anecdotal feedback, pre/post self evaluations, and rating scales) indicated the project was a great success. Participants felt motivated, more knowledgeable about differentiating instruction, more comfortable in working collaboratively with classroom teachers, and all of them indicated growth on a continuum ranging from an awareness to mastery level regarding DI and key coaching concepts. This project has impacted my work with teachers as they have a better understanding of classroom profiles and how assessment can guide their planning, instruction, and assessments. Students’ level of achievement has increased from the strategies put in place in this project. My teaching partner is very enthused about her program and the use of student profiles to inform her teaching. Students are more engaged in learning. This project gave me the confidence to coach other teachers through the strategies that were given to me. I am much more confident in working with teachers on programming in their classes. Continued on page 10 In CASE 10 WEB RESEARCH Continued from page 7 Implementation Phase ■ How often should co-leaders meet? ■ How can it be ensured that the schedule is maintained consistently? ■ How will communication be maintained between co-leadership meetings? ■ How will both leaders be involved with faculty meetings and professional development? References ■ What process will be used to solve problems and come to consensus? Bolman, L., & Deal, T. (2008). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership (4rd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. ■ How can the leadership load be shared? Friend, M., & Cook, L. (2007). Interactions: Collaboration skills for school professionals (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson. ■ How will resources management be shared? ■ Is the approach good for both leaders? ■ Is the approach good for all professional staff and all students? ■ How will the co-leadership team be evaluated? Maintenance Phase all levels if a unified system “where every educator takes responsibility for the education of all children” is to become a reality. Recommendations for future research would include asking similar questions to administrators from the general education side of the partnership and creating a quantitative measure to assess which specific elements of the co-leadership collaboration are most essential for a successful partnership. ■ Annually priorities should be set for the school ■ Leadership development opportunities ■ Would peer evaluation or coaching be helpful? ■ Assess progress toward goals Miller, M. (2009). Case monthly web research results: What support activities provided by building level and district level administrators over special education programs do special education teachers perceive as important? In CASE, 51(1), 7 – 11. Murawski, W., & Dieker, L. (2004). Tips and strategies for co-teaching at the secondary level. Exceptional Children, 36(5), 52 – 58. Ponte, P. R. (2004). Nurse-physician co-leadership: A model of interdisciplinary practice governance. JONA, 34(11), 481 – 484. Wilhelmson, L. (2005). Transformative learning in joint leadership. Journal of Workplace Learning, 18(7/8), 495 – 507. ■ What reflective practices are in place? In any collaborative situation, challenges are inevitable. Just as co-teaching requires careful preparation, so will co-leading. The provision of time to plan, build trust through implementation, and reflect on progress will be essential. One respondent wrote that observers of the co-leadership team “should not be able to identify who is serving in which role” if the partnership is truly seamless. Another respondent noted that ideally co-leadership partnerships would be clearly visible at both the central office level and in school offices at Dr. Baker is an assistant professor of special education at George Mason University in Fairfax, VA. Previously she was the coordinator of a regional day treatment center for students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. Dr. Miller is an assistant professor of special education at Drexel University in Philadelphia, PA. She is a former Supervisor of Pupil Services and a past president of PA CASE. OH CANADA Continued from page 9 I am much more confident in working with teachers on programming in their classes. This project reinforced that professional learning is meaningful and rich when it is voluntary and selected by teachers to meet their own identified needs. This project underscores and reinforces the understanding that teachers learn best with and from each other in job embedded opportunities. Recognizing and supporting the passion and enthusiasm educators have as they strive to do the best for the students in their care and supporting them as they continue to refine their teaching craft continues to be a top priority for ETFO. Nancy Baldree is an executive assistant with the Elementary Teachers’ Federation of Ontario. She is an experienced elementary educator and educational consultant, working with teachers to enhance their professional learning in the field of special education. Are you receiving the weekly CASE CEC Update EMAIL? If you are not getting this weekly email that keeps you informed on what’s going on in SPED, send an email to [email protected] with WEEKLY EMAIL in the subject line. In the body of your email include your name, job title, and address and you will begin to receive the weekly update each Monday morning! November–December 2009 11 Better Together - Believe It- Achieve It The 20th Annual Fall CASE Conference was held on November 4-7, 2009 in San Diego, CA. The conference participants received the most updated, innovative, research-based, practical information they will be able to use back at their locals to develop strong, effective programs and services for students with disabilities. Sessions provided updates on creative uses of ARRA Funds, the IDEA Partnership, using technology to deliver speech services without driving a mile, maximizing classroom resources using power tools, supporting students with Autism in the general education setting, leadership initiatives, writing standards-based IEPs, RtI and much more. Each participant received a travel-drive with all the powerpoints, handouts and resources from each breakout session. The exhibit hall was active, buzzing with conversation between participants and participants and vendors. The room was lined with tables with new research-based products that supported the topics from the breakout sessions. The Vendors donated items that were given away at different times throughout the conference. Participants waited in anticipation for their ticket to be drawn with many leaving with great new gifts. After many great sessions, lots of networking with peers and reviewing new products the participants learned how to work better together, how to believe and how to achieve! They left ready to lead learning! You won’t want to miss the next Fall CASE Conference so mark your calendars now for October 28-30, 2010. Hope to see you there! CASEAd_Sept_Oct_09_FINALv2.pdf 1 9/29/09 7:15 AM In CASE 12 Winter Institute Scholarship Explanation: In a commitment to increase the participation by cross stakeholders in the education of students with disabilities, the IDEA Partnership and the Council of Administrators of Special Education are offering up to 8 teams full to half scholarships for the registration fees for the 2010 CASE Winter Institute to be held January 27-29, 2010 at the Sheraton Sand Key, Clearwater Beach, FL. The requirements of the teams to qualify for the scholarships are as follows: 1. The Team must have 3-4 members from different organizations in different roles ( i.e. District level SPED, District level General Ed, Building Principal, Teachers-sped/gen ed, Parents, Youth as appropriate, Related Service Providers, School Board members, etc) 2. The Team Leader must be someone who has authority and can “influence” others to participate in both the team and the expected implementation 3. The Team Leader’s supervisor (unless the Team leader is at the highest level—ie District Superintendent/State School Superintendent) must sign off on the form that he/she will support the implementation efforts 4. All team members must commit to work with CASE and the IDEA Partnership to plan and deliver training on at least one of the tools/processes presented at the conference at the building or district level between February, 2009 and September, 2010 and communicate the results. 5. Upon implementing the Partnership tool, procedures, etc, the team agrees to cooperate with the IDEA Partnership evaluator in the communication/evaluation of the results. 6. The Team will make its own arrangements for transportation and hotel lodging 7. If a Team member can not attend, the Team will make all effort to replace that member with a similar “role” person but at the very least will provide a substitute member to attend. In order to provide for a variety of participants, the scholarships will be awarded based on the depth of the team roles, the commitment, and the location of the Team. For more information, contact Joanne Cashman, Director IDEA Partnership NASDSE 1800 Diagonal Road Alexandria, VA 22314 [email protected] SEND SCHOLARSHIP APPLICATION TO: Mironda Shephard IDEA PARTNERSHIP NASDSE 1800 Diagonal Rd. Suite 320 Alexandria, VA 22314 [email protected] FAX: (703) 519-3808 Luann Purcell, Executive Director Council of Administrators of Special Education Osigian Office Centre 101 Katelyn Circle, Suite E Warner Robins, GA 31088 [email protected] November–December 2009 13 WINTER INSTITUTE 2010 TEAM SCHOLARSHIP APPLICATION TEAM LEADER INFORMATION Name: Role/Job Title: Organization: Phone: City: State: ZIP Code: Email Address: Association Affiliations: Asso. Affiliations: Current address: ADDITIONAL TEAM MEMBERS—SIGNATURE INDICATES TEAM MEMBER HAS READ REQUIREMENTS OF THE SCHOLARSHIP Name: Role/Job Title/Organization Address/City/State/Zipcode: Email Address and Signature: Name: Role/Job Title/Organization Address/City/State/Zipcode: Email Address and Signature: Name: Role/Job Title/Organization Address/City/State/Zipcode: Email Address and Signature: Name: Role/Job Title/Organization Address/City/State/Zipcode: Email Address and Signature: NARRATIVE ON WHY YOU WANT A TEAM SCHOLARSHIP TO THE 2010 WINTER INSTITUTE SIGNATURES I have read the scholarship requirements and I understand that as a scholarship recipient, this team is expected to work with CASE and the IDEA Partnership to plan and deliver training on at least one of the tools/processes presented at the conference at the building or district level between February, 2009 and September, 2010 and communicate the results. Signature of the TEAM Leader Date: Signature of Supervisor of the TEAM Leader Date: Each Team member must complete the WI REGISTRATION FORM and attach to this scholarship form—RETURN Form to Mironda Shepherd IDEA PARTNERSHIP NASDSE 1800 Diagonal Rd. Suite 320 Alexandria, VA 22314 FAX: (703) 519-3808 Up to 4 TEAM Full Scholarships for Registration & 4 TEAM Half Scholarships for Registration will be awarded by IDEA Partnership and CASE. In CASE 14 SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS IN NOVEMBER 2009 Board of Directors’ Meeting 20TH Annual CASE Conference Special Thanks To Our SPONSORS 20TH Annual CASE Conference November–December 2009 15 At the July 18, 2009 CASE Executive Committee meeting in Arlington, VA, the CASE annual budget was considered, discussed, and passed. There were a few changes related to the IN CASE Newsletter included in the FY10 budget. Your CASE leadership looked carefully at how to provide CASE members with maximum benefit at minimal cost. In an economy where prices are rising, jobs and salaries diminishing, and everyone is cutting back, it was decided to maintain the CASE dues at the same level they have been for 10+ years but to make a substantial savings by going to an electronic Newsletter for those members who have an email on record with CEC Headquarters. It was also decided to decrease the frequency from 6 issues to 4 per year. With the weekly email update members can request ([email protected]) and a website that is updated with important information, members can stay informed in a timely manner without the necessity of the Newsletter. However, the Newsletter is an important medium for lengthier information than what can be delivered through weekly emails and it was felt quarterly issues would meet those needs. If you have an email listed with CEC but still would like the print format mailed to you, you may OPT OUT of the electronic format by FAXing or mailing the form below to the CASE office. If CEC does not have your email address, then you will automatically continue to receive the IN CASE Newsletter by mail. OPT OUT OF ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF THE IN CASE NEWSLETTER I would like to request a print copy of the IN CASE NEWSLETTER and I understand it will be mailed to my address as it is on file with CEC headquarters. Name_________________________ State/Province__________ CEC Membership # ___________ Print Legibly Full Name (look at your address label for #) Date: _______________________ Signature _________________________________ Telephone Number _______________________ Email ________________________________ PLEASE FAX OR MAIL THIS FROM TO: FAX: 478-333-2453 Robin Smith, Adm Asst CASE 101 Katelyn Circle, Suite E Warner Robins, GA 31088 In CASE 16 A New IDEA in Partnerships Do you know what is happening in Clearwater, Florida in January? The 2010 CASE Winter Institute on January 27-29th at the Sheraton Sand Key. CASE will be collaborating with the IDEA Partnership NASDSE to provide you with the latest on policy issues including current and future trends. Cross-stakeholder teams of special education, general education, parents, youth are encouraged to attend to learn how to move to a transformational team that can make a difference for ALL students. The Institute will open with Nancy Reder, Associate Director of the National Association of State Directors of Special Education with an update on what’s happening in Washington. Then teams will have an opportunity to choose between Communities of Practice on Dispute Resolution (creating agreement instead of resolving disputes) and Communities of Practice on Transition (making smooth transitions). Teams will have a chance to develop plans for implementing and using the tools learned from the IDEA Partnership back at the local, building and state level. CASE and the IDEA Partnership are offering 8 full or partial scholarships for teams to attend. For more information go to http://www.casecec.org/conferences/winterinstitute10.htm. This is an opportunity you don’t want to miss! Hope to see you and your team in Clearwater, Fla. this January. SAVE THE DATE 8TH ANNUAL SUSTAINING EXCELLENCE THROUGH SPECIAL EDUCATION LEADERSHIP SEMINAR A CASE Leadership Seminar July 18-21, 2010 Hilton Arlington & Towers • 950 North Stafford Street •Arlington, Virginia What a challenge it is to sustain excellence in a time of insufficient funding, decisions about “stimulus” dollars, highly qualified staff issues and increased demands. The reauthorizations of NCLB and IDEA 2004 are heating up and on the RADAR screen of our legislators as are the controversies surrounding Restraint and Seclusion! What a time to plan to be in Washington THIS July! The 8th Annual Leadership Seminar will once again provide strategies designed to sustain excellence. No matter where we are with the reauthorization of NCLB, participants will hear the most up to date information. The Reauthorization of NCLB will have huge implications in the field of special education. Participants will learn how to continue in making an impact in the reauthorization process. That impact begins with making connections with your congressional delegation. Guided practice on maneuvering through the federal maze will culminate with visits to “The Hill.” Strategies and techniques learned will be valuable back home to apply at the local and state levels. Hotel : Hilton Arlington Towers Dates: July 18-21, 2010 Cost: Member- $350 Non Member- (Special TEAM Rate will be available at Registration Release) $425 November–December 2009 19 CASE Calendar of Events January 27-29, 2010 CASE Winter Institute, Sheraton Clearwater Beach, FL Contact: Luann Purcell, Executive Director, 478-333-6892, email [email protected] or website: www.casecec.org April 21-24, 2010 CEC Convention—Plan to come early enough to participate in all the CASE activities at CEC, Nashville, TN — Annual Member/Board of Director meeting which starts with a sponsored breakfast (Wednesday, April 21) and CASE NIGHT (Thursday, April 22) --watch for tickets to go on sale February 1, 2010 at www.casecec.org July 18-21, 2010 8TH Annual CASE Educational Leadership Seminar—, Hilton Arlington Towers, Arlington, VA Contact: Luann Purcell, Executive Director, 478-333-6892, email [email protected] or website: www.casecec.org October 27-28, 2010 CASE Board of Directors Fall Meeting, Marriott Mission Valley San Diego, CA Contact: Luann Purcell, Executive Director, 478-333-6892, email [email protected] or website: www.casecec.org October 28-30, 2010 21st Annual CASE Fall Conference Westin, Hilton Head Island, SC Contact: Luann Purcell, Executive Director, 478-333-6892, email [email protected] or website: www.casecec.org PA I D A D V E RT I S E M E N T NONPROFIT US POSTAGE PAID MAIL SORT MACON 31201 Council of Administrators of Special Education, Inc. Osigian Office Centre 101 E. Katelyn Circle Suite E Warner Robins, Georgia 31088-6484 CASE Executive Committee 2009-2010 DR. EMILY COLLINS, GA, President DR. CHRISTY CHAMBERS, IL, Past President DR. MARY V. KEALY, VA, President Elect GERALD J. HIME, CA, Finance Committee Chair LAURAL JACKSON, AK, Secretary DR. MARY LYNN BOSCARDIN, MA, Journal Editor DR. JUDY HACKETT, IL, Policy & Legislation Chair DR. JUDY MONTGOMERY, CA, Publications & Product Review Chair LAURIE VANDERPLOEG, MI, Professional Development Chair TOM ADAMS, IN, Membership Chair GRETA STANFIELD, KY, Unit Representative DR. GINA SCALA, PA, Research Liaison CASE Staff DR. LUANN PURCELL, Executive Director ROBIN SMITH, Administrative Assistant CASE, Osigian Office Centre 101 Katelyn Circle Suite E, Warner Robins, GA 31088 1-478-333-6892 Email: [email protected] Web Address: www.casecec.org
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