Nam
me:________
____________Date: ______________
_
UNI
U IT S
SIX
X
Prod
duct of
o Earrth’s Interrior F
Fire
*Ded
dicated to: __
____________
___________
____
Nam
me:________
____________Date: ______________
_
ABSTRACT
A
T AND RATIIONALE
Tom
mbstones and
d gravestoness are importaant pieces off history thatt serve as maarkers and m
memorials foor the loved
oness. Geologicaal observatio
ons in cemeteeries have a long historyy. Cemeteryy has an increedible wealthh of
geoloogical featurres (Hannibaal and Schmidt, 1988a, 1988b).
1
Gravvestones andd monuments can be madde of
sanddstone, limesstone, marblee, and granitte, as well ass other intrussive rocks. Inn addition, sshale, siltstonne, and
sanddstone which
h were once quarried
q
on the
t cemetery
y grounds caan also be ussed as memoorials.
TASK
K STATEMEN
ENT/PROBLE
EM BASED LEARNING
G/REAL WO
ORLD PROBL
LEM:
N
funeral home. Youu are in chargge of everythhing that goees on in a
You are the funeeral home dirrector of a NYC
funeral home. Fu
uneral directtors help their clients in their
t
time off need. In thhis task, yourr job is to inntroduce and
sell tthe type of to
ombstones available
a
to your
y
client. There are m
many Tombsttone manufaacturers; all oof them are
sellinng tombston
nes. Are you
ur tombstonees the same as
a everybodyy else’s? Hoow will yourr products sttand out?
You are going to
o write a letter to your cllient explaining the type of tombstonnes that are aavailable in yyour funerall
hom
me. You are going
g
to mak
ke recommendations to the
t type of toombstone yoour client shhould purchaase.
List some of the questions neecessary for completing this task.
Nam
me:________
____________Date: ______________
_
For e
each of the statements,
s
circle R for Rock only, M for Minera
al only, both if it applies to both Roccks and
Mine
erals, N if ne
either rock off mineral are
e appropriate
e:
1. It is natural part
p of the earth’s crust…
………………
………………
………………
…
R M N
2. It can have an
a organic composition…
c
………………
………………
………………
…
R M N
3. It is homoge
eneous (for the
t most parrt)……………
………………
………………
…
R M N
4. Ice…………………………
………………
………………
………………
………………
R M N
5. Coal…………
C
………………
………………
………………
……………………………..
R M N
6. They
T
are cla
assified by th
heir chemica
al compositio
on……………
……………..
R M N
7. Belongs to families
f
(oxid
des, halides, carbonatess)……………
………………
…
R M N
Can
C be form
med by coolin
ng magma, evaporating
e
sea water, o
or extreme
heat
h
and pre
essure………
………………
………………
……………………………..
R M N
They
T
can be
e in liquid forrm……………
………………
………………
………………
…
R M N
S
metallic luster, cle
eavage, can be identified
d by hardnesss test……..
10. Show
R M N
8. 9. Nam
me:________
____________Date: ______________
_
w a Picture of
o the two en
nvironment of
o igneous ro
ock formatio n. Label the
e process off cooling (Fa
ast, Slow)
Draw
Explain the how the process
s cooling res
sult in the tex
xture.
Pred
dict the facto
ors that would affect the observed te
extures?
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_
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Nam
me:________
____________Date: ______________
_
Textture
Crystall
Size
Coolingg Time
Enviironment#1
Evironment#2
at characteris
stics provide
e evidence about
a
the env
vironment? _
__________
__________
___________
______
Wha
Nam
me:________
____________Date: ______________
_
Anticipat
A
tion Guiideline ((Igneouss Rock)
Read
d page#121-125 in your Ea
arth Science Textbook.
T
Ba
ase on the rea
ading; decide
e whether or not each statement below
is true (yes) or False (no). If th
he statement is
i no, please indicate the page# and lin
ne# where the
e correct answ
wer is located
d
in the
e text. In addition, be sure to correct the wrong word
d in the statem
ment with the correct vocabulary. You m
may only fill
out yyes or no on one
o side of the
e table. The other
o
side of the
t table will b
be done by yo
ou after hurriccane topics.
Your hypo
othesis
Yes No
o correct a
answer after rreading
Statemen
nts Igneous rock are classified by fragmen
nt size and sh
hape Felsic magma is darkk colored Felsic magma is rich in iron and magnesiium Mafic magma is light colored Undergrround magm
ma hardens faster When m
magma pour into Earth’s surface it is known aas volcanic rocks Extrusive rocks hard
dens rapidly
Igneous rocks are grrouped into o mineral families according to
composition When laava is squeezzed betweenn rock laye
ers, it is calle
ed an igneous intrusion A dyke iss an example of an igneous intrusion Yes N
No Page## Line# Name:_________________Date: _____________
Name:_________________Date: _____________
Homework: Use the image below (ESRT) to answer the following questions
1. Name one intrusive environment
2. Name one type of intrusive rock
3. Which type of igneous rock has a grain size of 1mm to 10mm? What is the name of that texture?
4. Basalt and gabbro contain which four minerals?
5. Rhyolite, granite, and pegmatite contain which five minerals? Are these rocks felsic or mafic?
6. What does felsic and mafic suggest about the igneous rock?
7. Which type of extrusive igneous rock has a composition that is neither felsic nor mafic?
8. Which is the texture of pumice?
9. Which mineral is found almost exclusively in felsic igneous rock?
10. Which type of rock is mostly olivine?
Name:_________________Date: _____________
1. Which statement best describes a general property of rocks?
a) Most rocks have a number of minerals in common
b) Most rocks are composed of a single mineral
c) All rocks contain fossils
d) All rocks contain minerals formed by compression and cementation
2. A coarse grained igneous rock contains plagioclase feldspar and pyroxenes, but no quartz. This rock is
most likely
a) basalt
c) granite
b) rhyolite
d) gabbro
3. Which is usually a characteristic of igneous rocks with a high density?
a) They are light in color
b) They are felsic
c) They have a high aluminum content
d) They contain iron
4.
Which graph best shows the relationship between the size of the crystals in an igneous rock and the length
of time it has taken the rock to solidify?
5. Which rock is of felsic composition, low in density, light in color and coarse grained?
a) rhyolite
c) granite
b) basalt
d) gabbro
6. Gabbro is composed mainly of
a) Plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene
b) Hornblende and quartz
c) Biotite and olivine
d) Potassium feldspar and quartz
7. Most igneous rocks form by which process?
a) melting and solidification
b) heat and pressure
c) erosion and deposition
d) compaction and cementation
Name:_________________Date: _____________
8. Which is a fine-grained igneous rock made up primarily of pyroxene and plagioclase feldspar?
a) Gabbro
c) basalt
b) granite
d) rhyolite
9. Compared to basalt, granite is
a) lighter in color
b) greater in density
c) more mafic in composition
d) more fined grained in texture
10. Which property would be most useful in identifying igneous rocks?
a) kind of cement
c) number of minerals present
b) mineral composition
d) types of fossil present
11. Rhyolite and granite are alike in that they are both
a) fine grained
c) mafic
b) dark colored
d) felsic
12. Large crystals in igneous rock most likely form as a result of
a) mineral composition of the magma
c) cooling rate of magma
b) fossil content of the rock
d) color of the rock
13. Which graph best represent the comparison of the average grain size in basalt, granite and rhyolite?
14. Which characteristic provides the best evidence about the environment in which a rock was formed?
a) The color of the rock
c)The size of the rock
b) The texture of the rock
d) The thickness of the rock
Name:_________________Date: _____________
15. Which diagram below shows an area in which fined grained igneous rocks are mostly likely to be found?
Nam
me:________
____________Date: ______________
_
The diagraam below sh
hows magmaa rising from
m the ground through layers of rocks to the surfacce
1. As magma
m
cools,, what process changes into basalt?
2. If thee hot magmaa contacts thee other layerr of the rock,, what do yoou predict wiill happen too the other
rockss?
3. Base your answerr to the follo
owing questiion on the innformation annd diagram bbelow. The diagram
b
thatt was investiigated by an Earth Sciennce class.
represents a cliff of exposed bedrock
Studeents compareed samples of
o the granitee and basalt.. State one oobservable ccharacteristicc other than
crystaal size that makes
m
granitte different from
fr
basalt.