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Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________
CHAPTER
2
DIRECTED READING WORKSHEET
States of Matter
Chapter Introduction
As you begin this chapter, answer the following.
1. Read the title of the chapter. List three things that you already
know about this subject.
2. Write two questions about this subject that you would like
answered by the time you finish this chapter.
Section 1: Four States of Matter (p. 30)
4. Look at Figure 1. Which of the following states of matter does
Hero’s steam engine demonstrate? (Circle all that apply.)
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
d. plasma
Moving Particles Make Up All Matter (p. 30)
5. The speed of the particles and the strength of the attraction
between them determine the
substance.
84
HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
of the
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
3. How does the title of the Start-Up Activity relate to the subject of
the chapter?
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CHAPTER 2
Chapter 2, continued
Match the state of matter in Column B with the description in
Column A, and write the corresponding letter in the appropriate space.
Column B
6. Particles have a strong attraction to each other
7. Particles move independently of each other
▼
▼
▼
Column A
a. . solid
. b. liquid
8. Particles are able to slide past one another but do
not move independently of each other
.
c. gas
9. Particles vibrate in place.
10. Particles move fast enough to over
of the attraction between them.
come nearly all
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and W
inston. All rights reser ved.
Solids Have Definite Shape and
olume
V
(p. 31)
11. The ship in the bottle in Figure 3 is a solid. How can you tell?
12. Particles that are arranged in a repeating pattern of rows form
amorphous solids. T
rue or False? (Cir
cle one.)
(p. 32)
Liquids Change Shape but Not
olume
V
13. How do the particles of a liquid make it possible to pour juice
into a glass?
14. What does Figure 6 show you about the properties of a liquid?
15. Liquids tend to form in spherical droplets because of
tension.
16. Water has a lower
than honey.
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Chapter 2, continued
Gases Change Both Shape and Volume (p. 33)
17. How is it possible for a cylinder of helium to fill 700 balloons?
Gas Under Pressure
(p. 34)
18. The amount of
area is called pressure.
exerted on a given
Review (p. 34)
Now that you’ve finished the first part of Section 1, review what you
learned by answering the Review questions in your ScienceLog.
Laws Describe Gas Behavior (p. 35)
19. The volume of a gas is always the volume of its container.
20. Boyle’s law states that if you keep the temperature constant for a
fixed amount of gas, a decrease in pressure means a(n)
in the volume of the gas.
21. Weather balloons are only partially inflated before they’re
released into the atmosphere. Why is that?
is demonstrated by putting a
22.
balloon in the freezer.
23. All of the following remain constant in Figure 11 EXCEPT
a. the type of piston.
b. the amount of gas.
86
c. the volume of the gas.
d. the pressure.
HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
True or False? (Circle one.)
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Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________
CHAPTER 2
Chapter 2, continued
Plasmas (p. 37)
Mark each of the following statements True or False.
True
More than 99 percent of the known matter in the
universe is in the plasma state.
25.
True
Plasmas are made up of particles that have broken
apart.
26.
False
Plasmas have a definite shape and volume.
27.
False
Plasmas and gases conduct electric current.
28.
True
Plasmas are affected by magnetic fields.
▼
▼
▼
24.
29. Lightning and fire are examples of
plasmas.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
30. The incredible light show in Figure 12, on page 37, is caused by
plasma. How?
Review (p. 37)
Now that you’ve finished Section 1, review what you learned by
answering the Review questions in your ScienceLog.
Section 2: Changes of State (p. 38)
1. When a substance changes from one
form to another, we say the substance has had a change of state.
2. List the five changes of state.
Energy and Changes of State (p. 38)
3. The identity of a substance changes during a change of state.
True or False? (Circle one.)
4. Temperature is the measure of the speed of particles.
True or False? (Circle one.)
5. Temperature is a transfer of energy. True or False? (Circle one.)
6. Which has the most energy?
a. particles in steam
b. particles in liquid water
c. particles in ice
d. particles in freezing water
DIRECTED READING WORKSHEETS
87
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Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________
CHAPTER
2
DIRECTED READING WORKSHEET
States of Matter
Chapter Introduction
As you begin this chapter, answer the following.
1. Read the title of the chapter. List three things that you already
know about this subject.
2. Write two questions about this subject that you would like
answered by the time you finish this chapter.
Section 1: Four States of Matter (p. 30)
4. Look at Figure 1. Which of the following states of matter does
Hero’s steam engine demonstrate? (Circle all that apply.)
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
d. plasma
Moving Particles Make Up All Matter (p. 30)
5. The speed of the particles and the strength of the attraction
between them determine the
substance.
84
HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
state of matter
of the
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
3. How does the title of the Start-Up Activity relate to the subject of
the chapter?
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Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________
CHAPTER 2
Chapter 2, continued
Match the state of matter in Column B with the description in
Column A, and write the corresponding letter in the appropriate space.
Column B
a
6. Particles have a strong attraction to each other.
a. solid
c
7. Particles move independently of each other.
b. liquid
b
8. Particles are able to slide past one another but do
not move independently of each other.
c. gas
a
9. Particles vibrate in place.
c
▼
▼
▼
Column A
10. Particles move fast enough to overcome nearly all
of the attraction between them.
Solids Have Definite Shape and Volume (p. 31)
11. The ship in the bottle in Figure 3 is a solid. How can you tell?
The ship takes up a certain amount of space and does not take the shape
of the bottle.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
12. Particles that are arranged in a repeating pattern of rows form
amorphous solids. True or False? (Circle one.)
Liquids Change Shape but Not Volume (p. 32)
13. How do the particles of a liquid make it possible to pour juice
into a glass?
The particles in the liquid move quickly and slide past each other until
the liquid takes the shape of the glass.
14. What does Figure 6 show you about the properties of a liquid?
It shows that even when liquids change shape, they don’t change volume.
15. Liquids tend to form in spherical droplets because of
surface
16. Water has a lower
tension.
viscosity
than honey.
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Chapter 2, continued
Gases Change Both Shape and Volume (p. 33)
17. How is it possible for a cylinder of helium to fill 700 balloons?
The cylinder contains helium particles that are forced close together. As helium
enters the balloon, the atoms spread out, and the amount of empty space in
the gas increases.
Gas Under Pressure
(p. 34)
18. The amount of
area is called pressure.
force
exerted on a given
Review (p. 34)
Now that you’ve finished the first part of Section 1, review what you
learned by answering the Review questions in your ScienceLog.
Laws Describe Gas Behavior (p. 35)
19. The volume of a gas is always the volume of its container.
20. Boyle’s law states that if you keep the temperature constant for a
fixed amount of gas, a decrease in pressure means a(n)
increase
in the volume of the gas.
21. Weather balloons are only partially inflated before they’re
released into the atmosphere. Why is that?
As the balloon rises, the pressure of the gas decreases as the volume
increases. The balloon would pop if it were completely filled before being
released.
22.
Charles’s law
is demonstrated by putting a
balloon in the freezer.
23. All of the following remain constant in Figure 11 EXCEPT
a. the type of piston.
b. the amount of gas.
86
c. the volume of the gas.
d. the pressure.
HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
True or False? (Circle one.)
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Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________
CHAPTER 2
Chapter 2, continued
Plasmas (p. 37)
Mark each of the following statements True or False.
True
More than 99 percent of the known matter in the
universe is in the plasma state.
25.
True
Plasmas are made up of particles that have broken
apart.
26.
False
Plasmas have a definite shape and volume.
27.
False
Plasmas and gases conduct electric current.
28.
True
Plasmas are affected by magnetic fields.
29. Lightning and fire are examples of
plasmas.
▼
▼
▼
24.
natural
30. The incredible light show in Figure 12, on page 37, is caused by
plasma. How?
High-energy plasma collides with particles in the upper atmosphere,
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
causing them to glow.
Review (p. 37)
Now that you’ve finished Section 1, review what you learned by
answering the Review questions in your ScienceLog.
Section 2: Changes of State (p. 38)
physical
1. When a substance changes from one
form to another, we say the substance has had a change of state.
2. List the five changes of state.
melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation
Energy and Changes of State (p. 38)
3. The identity of a substance changes during a change of state.
True or False? (Circle one.)
4. Temperature is the measure of the speed of particles.
True or False? (Circle one.)
5. Temperature is a transfer of energy. True or False? (Circle one.)
6. Which has the most energy?
a. particles in steam
b. particles in liquid water
c. particles in ice
d. particles in freezing water
DIRECTED READING WORKSHEETS
87