Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________
ID: A
geology ch 7 test 2008
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which of the following is true about ice sheets?
a. They are the smallest type of glacier. b. They flow in all directions. c. They usually flow down valleys.
d. They are found only in high mountain areas.
2. The Antarctic Ice Sheet in the Southern Hemisphere ____.
a. is the only true ice sheet that remains on the planet b. holds almost one-half of Earth’s salt water c. holds
almost two-thirds of Earth’s fresh water d. contains about one-fourth of the world’s ice
3. A thick ice mass that forms over the land from the accumulation, compaction, and recrystallization of snow is a
____.
a. fjord b. glacier c. drumlin d. cirque
4. Currently, about what percent of Earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers?
a. 70% b. 25% c. 10% d. 40%
5. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers?
a. They originate on land. b. They exist only in the Northern Hemisphere. c. They show evidence of past or
present flow. d. They form from the recrystallization of snow.
6. Where do glaciers form?
a. only at the poles b. only in high mountains c. only in oceans d. in areas where more snow falls than melts
7. The loosening and lifting of blocks of rock by glaciers is called ____.
a. plucking b. wastage c. abrasion d. till
8. Material deposited directly by a glacier is called ____.
a. a kettle b. rock flour c. till d. stratified drift
9. Icebergs are produced when large pieces of ice break off from the front of a glacier during a process called ____.
a. wastage b. plucking c. accumulation d. calving
10. What is the term for all sediments of glacial origin?
a. till b. stratified drift c. glacial drift d. loess
11. One characteristic of glacial movement is that ____.
a. all glaciers, regardless of size, move at about the same rate b. new snowfall accumulates in a zone at the
bottom of the glacier c. the zone of wastage is at the top of the glacier d. the movement depends on the balance
between accumulation and wastage
12. What is the zone above the snowline on a glacier called?
a. zone of accumulation b. zone of melting c. zone of wasting d. zone of crevasses
13. A bowl-shaped depression at the head of a glacial valley is a(n) ____.
a. glacial trough b. arête c. horn d. cirque
1
Name: ________________________
ID: A
14. What feature is labeled B in Figure 7-1?
a. kame b. esker c. drumlin d. end moraine
15. What features are labeled A in Figure 7-1?
a. kames b. eskers c. drumlins d. end moraines
16. What features are labeled F in Figure 7-1?
a. kames b. eskers c. kettle lakes d. drumlins
17. What feature is labeled G in Figure 7-1?
a. end moraine b. kame c. kettle lake d. outwash plain
18. What features, illustrated in Figure 7-1, were deposited by streams flowing in tunnels beneath the ice?
a. kames b. eskers c. drumlins d. kettle lakes
19. What is the moraine called that marks the farthest advance of a glacier?
a. lateral moraine b. terminal end moraine c. medial end moraine d. ground moraine
20. During the most recent ice age, what percentage of Earth’s surface was covered by glaciers?
a. 90% b. 30% c. 75% d. 10%
21. Which one of the following is NOT an effect that Pleistocene glaciers had on the landscape?
a. changes in river drainage b. climate changes c. worldwide changes in sea level d. extinction of the
dinosaurs
22. Which of the following features was formed by glacial erosion?
a. the Mississippi River b. the Basin and Range c. the Great Lakes d. the Missouri River
2
Name: ________________________
ID: A
23. In the desert, ephemeral streams ____.
a. run continuously, although the amount of flow varies b. run only after it rains c. are actually dried stream
beds that no longer carry water d. carry water underground
24. Dry, flat lake beds located in the center of basins in arid areas are called ____.
a. playas b. arroyos c. alluvial fans d. desert pavements
25. A cone of debris deposited by running water at the mouth of a canyon in an arid area is known as a(n) ____.
a. delta b. arroyo c. ephemeral stream d. alluvial fan
26. What force causes most of the erosion in desert areas?
a. wind b. gravity c. running water d. ice
27. Why can a heavy rain shower cause a large amount of erosion in a desert area?
a. Temperatures are very high. b. Streams overflow easily. c. There is a lack of vegetation to hold the soil in
place. d. Desert ground cannot absorb any water.
28. The rust-colored tint of some desert landscapes is the result of ____.
a. chemical weathering b. mechanical weathering c. flash flooding d. the intense heat of the sun
29. What is the main type of weathering in deserts?
a. chemical weathering b. physical weathering c. weathering by organic acids d. weathering by water
30. In the desert environment, the chemical weathering of rocks is generally reduced because ____.
a. rocks are very scarce in deserts b. most rocks are buried deep within the soil c. moisture is lacking and
organic acids are scarce d. the soil is so well developed
31. The weathered debris in deserts consists mainly of ____.
a. a thick soil layer b. organic material from decaying plants c. unchanged rock and mineral fragments
d. chemically altered rock fragments
32. Which of the following statements is NOT true about weathering in deserts?
a. Most weathering in deserts is physical weathering. b. There are thin soils in deserts. c. The red color of soil
and rocks in deserts is caused by chemical weathering. d. There is no chemical weathering in deserts.
33. Desert pavement is created as a result of ____.
a. abrasion b. deflation c. blowouts d. water erosion
34. Abrasion changes the desert surface by ____.
a. creating blowouts b. depositing loess across the landscape c. cutting and polishing exposed rock surfaces
d. creating pinnacles and narrow pedestals in the rock
35. The action of abrasion can best be described as ____.
a. windblown sand cutting and polishing exposed rock surfaces b. coarse sand particles rolling along the desert
surface c. sand being blown high into the air to cut and carve rock formations d. the wind creating desert
pavement
36. What is a blowout?
a. a stony surface layer caused by deflation b. a stony surface layer caused by abrasion c. a shallow
depression caused by abrasion d. a shallow depression caused by deflation
37. Deflation affected the Dust Bowl in the 1930s by ____.
a. lowering the land b. creating rock pinnacles c. building up sand dunes d. depositing coarse sand and
gravel
3
Name: ________________________
ID: A
38. How does wind transport sand grains?
a. mainly as part of the suspended load b. by saltation as part of the bed load c. Wind transports sand grains
only during dust storms. d. Equal quantities are transported suspended in the air and as bed load.
39. In desert areas, what process results in the formation of a desert pavement?
a. abrasion b. ephemeral stream flow c. deflation d. plucking
40. Windblown silt that blankets a landscape is called ____.
a. a blowout b. a sand dune c. desert pavement d. loess
41. Which of the following is NOT deposited by wind?
a. till b. barchan sand dunes c. loess d. longitudinal dunes
42. When wind creates a sand dune, the sheltered side of the dune ____.
a. has no incline b. has the same incline as the windward side c. is steeper than the windward side d. has a
more gently sloping angle than the windward side
43. Over time, sand dunes tend to migrate ____.
a. in the same direction as the wind blows b. perpendicular to the movement of the wind c. toward the wind
d. in random directions
44. If the steep face of a sand dune is on the southeast side of the dune, then the prevailing wind in this area is from the
____.
a. northeast b. northwest c. southeast d. southwest
45. The thick loess deposits in South Dakota, Nebraska, and Iowa ____.
a. had their source as glacial sediments b. are in the form of transverse dunes c. had their source in desert
regions to the west d. are composed of windblown sand
46. Sand dunes that form scalloped rows of sand at right angles to the wind are called ____.
a. star dunes b. parabolic dunes c. transverse dunes d. barchanoid dunes
47. Dunes whose tips point into the wind are called ____.
a. barchan dunes b. longitudinal dunes c. transverse dunes d. parabolic dunes
48. Long sand ridges that are oriented more or less parallel to the prevailing wind are called ____.
a. transverse dunes b. barchan dunes c. longitudinal dunes d. parabolic dunes
49. In Figure 7-2, which diagram illustrates barchan dunes?
a. diagram A b. diagram B c. diagram C d. diagram D
50. In Figure 7-2, which diagram illustrates longitudinal dunes?
a. diagram A b. diagram B c. diagram C d. diagram D
51. In Figure 7-2, which diagram illustrates the dune types that would form if the prevailing winds were steady, sand
supply was plentiful, and vegetation was sparse?
a. diagram A b. diagram B c. diagram C d. diagram D
52. The shape of star dunes is mostly due to ____.
a. the amount of vegetation b. variable wind directions c. variable wind speeds d. the amount of sand
53. What type of sand dune would most likely form if the sand supply is limited, the wind direction is constant, and
vegetation is sparse?
a. barchan dunes b. longitudinal dunes c. star dunes d. transverse dunes
4
Name: ________________________
ID: A
A PARTIAL WORD BANK:
loess, deflation, glacier trough, glacial drift, ice
sheets, alluvial fan, drainage, stratified drift,
drumlin, accumulation, transverse, till, physical,
valley glaciers
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
54. The small glaciers that exist in high mountainous areas are called ____________________.
55. The only ____________________ that exist today are found covering Greenland and Antarctica.
56. In a process called ____________________, glaciers smooth and polish the bedrock below, creating a pulverized
substance called rock flour.
where the snow piles up...
57. Material deposited directly by glacial ice is called ____________________.
58. The way a glacier moves depends on the balance, or lack of balance, between ____________________ and
drumstick shaped
wastage.
59. A(n) ____________________ is a streamlined asymmetrical hill composed of till.
60. A(n) ____________________ is a U-shaped valley produced by the erosion of a valley glacier.
61. ____________________ is unsorted sediment laid down by glacial meltwater.
62. The Pleistocene ice sheets greatly affected ____________________ patterns over large regions of North America.
63. A(n) ____________________ is a cone of debris left at the mouth of a desert canyon.
Starts with ABR_ _ _ _
_
64. Most weathered debris in a desert is the result of ____________________ weathering.
65. The lifting and removal of loose material by wind is called ____________________.
66. Desert rock surfaces are cut and polished by windblown sand in a process known as ____________________.
This is called the
"windward" side and the
steeper slope is called
leeward
67. Deposits of windblown silt are called ____________________.
68. Most sand dunes have a gently sloping ____________________ side.
69. Long sand ridges oriented at right angles to the wind form ____________________ dunes.
Short Answer
70. Compare and contrast valley glaciers and ice sheets.
71. Why are the uppermost 50 meters of a glacier referred to as the zone of fracture?
72. What is a glacial horn?
73. What are some of the results of the last ice age?
74. Why is erosion after a rainfall a concern in desert areas?
It is NOT WIND!
75. What type of weathering is the most important in desert areas?
76. Describe the two ways that wind causes erosion.
77. What are the sloping layers called that are formed when sand is deposited in dunes?
5
what do most people
sleep on?
ID: A
geology ch 7 test 2008
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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1
ID: A
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L2
COMPLETION
54. ANS: valley glaciers
DIF: L1
55. ANS: ice sheets
DIF: L1
56. ANS: abrasion
DIF: L1
57. ANS: till
DIF: L1
58. ANS: accumulation
DIF: L2
59. ANS: drumlin
DIF: L1
60. ANS: glacial trough
DIF: L1
61. ANS: Stratified drift
DIF: L1
62. ANS: drainage
DIF: L2
63. ANS: alluvial fan
DIF:
L1
2
ID: A
64. ANS: physical
DIF: L1
65. ANS: deflation
DIF: L1
66. ANS: abrasion
DIF: L1
67. ANS: loess
DIF: L1
68. ANS: windward
DIF: L2
69. ANS: transverse
DIF:
L1
SHORT ANSWER
70. ANS:
Both are types of glaciers; valley glaciers exist in high mountains and flow down valleys, while ice sheets are huge
ice masses that flow in all directions.
DIF: L1
71. ANS:
The upper part of a glacier consists of brittle ice that is subjected to tension when the ice flows over irregular
terrain, resulting in cracks called crevasses.
DIF: L2
72. ANS:
a sharp pyramid-shaped mountain peak, formed when several cirques surround a single high mountain
DIF: L1
73. ANS:
Possible answer: Results of the last ice age include changes in sea level, changes in river drainage patterns, and
changes in climate beyond the glacial margins.
DIF: L2
74. ANS:
There is little vegetation in the desert, so rain runs off the land quickly, causing flash flooding; and with the lack o f
vegetation, the soil is not held in place and can erode quickly and easily.
DIF:
L2
3
ID: A
75. ANS:
physical weathering
DIF: L1
76. ANS:
Deflation is the lifting and removal of loose particles, and abrasion occurs when windblown sand cuts and polishes
exposed rock surfaces.
DIF: L1
77. ANS:
cross beds
DIF:
L1
4