behavior modification in psychological disorders

International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research__________________________________ ISSN 2277-3630
IJSSIR, Vol. 5 (3), MARCH (2016), pp. 1-10
Online available at indianresearchjournals.com
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION IN PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
SUSHMA KOTNALA*; GAURAV THAPLIYAL**
*CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST, NEW DELHI.
**CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST, GHAZIABAD,
UTTAR PRADESH.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
A behavior modification technique has always been used as a powerful therapeutic tool by
psychotherapist in their practice. It involves systematic application of learning principles and
techniques to assess & improve individual’s covert and overt behaviors which will help them to
function more fully in society. It involves use of different techniques on the basis of operant and
classical conditioning principles. Present paper will focus on different types of behavior
modification techniques and their effective application in the management of various
psychological disorders with the support of research findings.
KEYWORDS: Behavior, Behavior modification, Learning, Operant conditioning.
_________________________________________________________________________
REFERENCES
Athens, E. S., Vollmer, T. R., Sloman, K. N., & St. Peter Pipkin, C. C. (2008). An analysis of
vocal stereotypy and therapist fading. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41, 291-297.
Azrin, N. H., & Nunn, R. G. (1973). Habit reversal: A method of eliminating nervous habits and
tics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 11, 619–628.
Azrin, N. H., Nunn, R. G., & Frantz, S. E. (1980). Treatment of hair pulling (trichotillomania): A
comparative study of habit reversal and negative practice training. Journal of Behavior Therapy
& Experimental Psychiatry, 11, 13-20.
Chang, H., Chang, C., & Shih, Y. (2007). The process of assisting behavior modification in a
child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Nursing Research, 15(2), 147-154.
Deleon, I.G., Neidert, P. L., Anders, B. M., & Rodriguez-Catter, V. (2001). Choices between
positive and negative reinforcement during treatment for escape- maintained behavior. Journal of
Applied Behavior Analysis, 34 (4), 521-525.
Delahunt, J., Curran, J. P. (1976). Effectiveness of negative practice and self-control techniques
in the reduction of smoking behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 10021107.
International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research__________________________________ ISSN 2277-3630
IJSSIR, Vol. 5 (3), MARCH (2016), pp. 1-10
Online available at indianresearchjournals.com
Falcomata, T. S., Roane, H. S., Hovanetz, A., N., Kettering, T. L., & Keeney, K., M. (2004). An
evaluation of response cost in the treatment of inappropriate vocalizations maintained by
automatic reinforcement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37, 83–87.
Friman, P. C., & Altman, K. (1990). Parent use of DRI on high rate disruptive behavior: Direct
and collateral benefits. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2, 249–254.
Kelley, M. E., Piazza, C. C., Fisher, W. W., & Oberdorff, A. J. (2003). Acquisition of cup
drinking using previously refused foods as positive and negative reinforcement. Journal of
Applied Behavior Analysis, 36, 89–93.
Kahng, S. W., Abt, K. A., & Wilder, D. A. (2001). Treatment of self-injury correlated with
mechanical restraints. Behavioral Interventions, 15, 105–110.
Kazdin, A. E. (1972). Response cost: The removal of conditioned reinforcers for therapeutic
change. Behavior Therapy, 3, 533-546.
Long, T. S., Miltenberger, R. G., & Rapp, J. T. (1999) Simplified habit reversal plus adjunct
contingencies in the treatment of thumb sucking and hair pulling in a young child. Child &
Family Behavior Therapy, 21, 45–58.
Magee, S. K., & Ellis, J. (2000). Extinction effects during the assessment of multiple problem
behaviors. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33, 313–316.
Marrone, R. L., Merksamer, M. A., & Salzberg, P. M. (1970). A short duration group treatment
of smoking behavior by stimulus saturation. Behavior Research and Therapy, 8, 347-352.
Massel, H. K., Corrigan, P. W., Liberman, R. P., & Milan, M. A. (1991). Conversation skills
training of thought-disordered schizophrenic patients through attention focusing. Psychiatry
Research, 38:51-61.
Miltenberger, R. G. (2008). Behavior modification: Principles and procedures (4th ed.).
Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Ringdahl, J. E., Kitsukawa, K., Andelman, M. S., Call, N., Winborn, L. Barretto, A., & Reed, G.
K. (2002). Differential reinforcement with and without instructional fading. Journal of Applied
Behavior Analysis, 35, 291–294.
Rivera, M. O., Koorland, M. A., & Fueyo, V. (2002). Teaching sight words to a student with
learning disabilities. Education and Treatment of Children, 25, 197–207.
Paul, G. L., & Lentz, R. J. (1977). Psychosocial Treatment of Chronic Mental Patients: Milieu
vs. Social Learning Programs. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Prendergast, M, L., Podus, D., Finney, J., Greenwell, L., & Roll, J. (2006). Contingency
management for the treatment of substance use disorders: A meta-analysis. Addiction:
101:1546–1560.
International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research__________________________________ ISSN 2277-3630
IJSSIR, Vol. 5 (3), MARCH (2016), pp. 1-10
Online available at indianresearchjournals.com
Rapp, J., Miltenberger, R., Long, E., Elliott, A., & Lumley, V. (1998). Simplified habit reversal
for chronic hair pulling in three adolescents: A clinical replication with direct observation.
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31, 299–302.
Tarbox, R. S., Ghezzi, P. M., & Wilson, G. (2006). The effects of token reinforcement on
attending in a young child with autism. Behavioral interventions. Vol. 21(3), 155–164.
Vitulano, L. A., King, R. A., Scahill, L., & Cohen, D. J. (1992). Behavioral treatment of children
and adolescents with trichotillomania. Journal of the American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 139-146.
Wagaman, J., Miltenberger, R., & Arndorfer, R. (1993). Analysis of a simplified treatment for
stuttering in children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 53–61.
Wolff, R. (1977). Systematic desensitization and negative practice to alter the after effects of
rape attempt. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry.Vol.8(4),423-425.