✦
ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL
SPECIAL SECTION
✦
we remember
September 11, 2001. A new Day of Infamy. The day hijackers turned
commercial jetliners into bombs and our nation suffered its first attack in
nearly 60 years. The day more than 3,000 men, women and children lost
their lives and the rest of America lost its innocence. One year later, we
have moved on — but not without changes. We feel more vulnerable;
we are more careful. And we will not forget.
NEW MEXICO
DIARIES
HOW ARE
THEY NOW?
DIFFERENT
WORLD
The attacks on
Sept. 11 altered
the lives of many
New Mexicans
Jim Belshaw
talks to New
Yorkers a year
after the tragedy
Life, government, foreign
policy as we
know them
have changed
Page 3
Page 2, 10
Page 8
2
We remember
ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002
DEAR READERS:
This special editon of the
Albuquerque Journal is our
way of honoring the
memory of those killed in
last year’s terror attacks,
and acknowledging those
who have been called on to
respond.
New Mexico has done its
part, flexing its scientific
and military muscle in this
shadowy and undeclared
war that we didn’t start.
From guardsmen to combat
pilots to Sandia scientists,
we owe these people our
thanks.
There are others too
numerous to mention.
The New Mexico Urban
Search and Rescue Task
Force was dispatched to
Washington, D.C., to help
with the carnage at the
Pentagon.
People from various
walks of life — clergy,
firefighter, rescue worker,
plumber, doctor and
publisher — worked at
ground zero in the days
following 9-11. Like the
team sent to Washington,
theirs was grim work,
virtually without hope, as
any prospect for survivors
was quickly extinguished in
the smoldering ruins.
We felt it was fitting for
today’s front page to serve
as a memorial for the
victims of 9-11. But there is
much more to the story.
In this section, columnist
Jim Belshaw introduces
you to resilient New
Yorkers and firefighters
who live with the daily
reminder of comrades lost.
Michael Coleman of the
Journal’s Washington
Bureau describes some of
the political upheaval in the
wake of 9-11.
And Journal reporter
Leslie Linthicum weaves
togther a powerful story of
New Mexicans pulled into
the swirling aftermath.
We invite you to join us in
honoring the victims and
thanking those who have
served so well.
T.H. Lang
Publisher
A TEST OF
C H A R AC T E R
N E W Y O R K E R S M O V E A H E A D W I T H A S E M B L A N C E O F N O R M A L C Y,
BUT THEY WILL NEVER BE THE SAME
BY JIM BELSHAW
Of the Journal
N
EW YORK — New
York looks like it
always has — a
world capital, America’s Oz.
The biggest, toughest city in the country; car horns
and jackhammers and the insistent
beeping of heavy machinery being
shifted into reverse. Sidewalks
crammed with people who give little evidence of mythic rudeness;
avenues a rush of yellow cabs;
crosstown streets choked to a
standstill; garbage bags stacked
into small mountain ranges made
spectacularly pungent in the grip
of a heat wave; brownstones beckoning from narrow, tree-lined
streets.
American icons are everywhere
— the Statue of Liberty, Madison
Square Garden, Broadway, Central
Park, Times Square, the Brooklyn
Bridge — all of it familiar whether
you’ve touched it a dozen times
before or whether it’s only branded
into subconscious memory by a raft
of Law & Order reruns.
A dad flags down a stranger to
snap a photo of himself and his two
small sons in Times Square; a block
away, an exquisitely dressed, linebacker-sized transvestite styles
down the sidewalk; a guitar player
sings in a busy crosswalk — he
wears a cowboy hat, boots, Jockey
briefs and nothing else. Nobody
seems to notice.
Tourists fill open-air buses and
stand in serpentine lines to buy a
ticket to the Empire State Building
observatory. On a wall above them
a digital display changes messages
every few seconds, a reminder of
ordeal and immutable economic
law:
■ In Freedom We Will Remember
Those We Have Lost and for Them
We Will Rebuild.
■ We Accept Visa, Discover, Mastercard, American Express.
CLOSURE
New York’s convention and visitor’s bureau estimates 32,278,000
people will come to the city in 2002,
an increase of 300,000 from last
year.
In lower Manhattan, near ground
zero, the streets are busy, the sidewalks full, the shops open. The New
York Times conducted a survey of
more than 7,000 residential units in
the World Trade Center area.
Vacancy rates have fallen to just 5
percent overall and in some buildings the vacancy rate is zero.
New York firefighters talk about
the city’s resiliency, its ability (its
obligation, even) to rebound, and
for a moment, the word “normal”
suggests itself in spite of its impossibility.
Chelsea Jeans near Broadway
and Fulton is closing. The owner,
David Cohen, cannot keep the store
going. Inside the shop, he has created his own 9-11 shrine — a rack of
Ralph Lauren sweaters and Levi
jeans covered with the gray, chalky
dust that is the residue of the World
Trade Center. Cohen left it just as
he found it in his shop after the
towers fell.
At the corner of Broadway and
Fulton, the iron fence surrounding
Trinity Church’s St. Paul Chapel
has become a people’s shrine much
like the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, covered with
memories of the dead: Letters,
poems, drawings, photos, shirts,
hats, boots, dolls.
On the sidewalk across the street
from ground zero, evidence suggests there is no memory, not even
Sept. 11, that cannot be debased.
Vendors stand behind folding
tables with displays of photos of
people running for their lives; a
“souvenir” book may be had for the
low, low price of $25.
“Check it out! Check it out!” a
vendor hawks.
Not many people do.
On the north side of ground zero,
an official viewing area has been
set up. The area to be viewed is
exactly what Fire Department Captain Mike Stein said it had become
— a construction site.
Some clues of the devastation
remain. A nearby building draped
in black netting, another with windows boarded up. But the World
Trade Center is now a hole in the
ground, a place where trucks and
cranes continue the work of
cleanup while officialdom haggles
over what will come next. The towers require memory and imagination now.
“It doesn’t bother me that people
want to come down here to see it,”
Stein said. “They need to be close
to it. They need to touch it. That’s
OK with me.”
‘ABSOLUTE HORROR’
West of ground zero, at the World
Financial Center, four office towers
house the headquarters of American Express, Merrill Lynch, Dow
Jones and other corporations. Joggers and in-line skaters glide
through the plaza, women push
baby strollers and men in suits
make cell phone calls from park
benches.
Two women smoke cigarettes,
shunned to the outdoors like smok-
ers everywhere. Each was there on
Sept. 11. One ran outside after the
first plane hit. She watched the
next one bank over the Hudson and
slam into the second tower. She
refuses to give her name.
“If I had a choice, I’d be out of
here,” she said. “Out of the city.
Someplace where it’s safe. Safer,
anyway.”
There is a still a lot of air traffic
in the area. Each time a plane
comes too close to ignore, everyone
glances upward, veterans of something awful coming from the sky.
Jennifer Murri talks about lingering sadness and fear. She still sees
the thousands who died.
“It’s so very sad,” she said. “We
look at it now and still cry. I think
about it every day. You have to go
to work. You try to make it normal,
but you can’t. When I come to work
now, every time I cross a bridge or
go through a tunnel, I’m scared. I’m
thinking, please, God, let me get
through here. I think about how
many of those people who died I
walked by every day. Every day I
saw them and now they’re all dead.
It was absolute horror, absolute terror, and now we all wonder what’s
next. You look around and it seems
normal, but it’s not.” ■
September 11, 2001
5:45 a.m.
EDT
Mohammed Atta
and Abdulaziz Alomari pass through
security in Portland, Maine, for a
connecting flight to
Boston.
8 a.m.
American Airlines
Flight 11, Boeing
767 with 92 people on board,
takes off from
Boston’s Logan
International
Airport for
Los Angeles.
8:14 a.m.
8:21 a.m.
8:40 a.m.
8:41 a.m.
8:43 a.m.
8:46 a.m.
United Air Lines
Flight 175, Boeing
767 with 65 people
on board, takes off
from Boston’s Logan
airport for
Los Angeles.
American Airlines
Flight 77, Boeing
757 with 64 people
on board, takes off
from Washington
Dulles International
Airport for
Los
Angeles.
Federal Aviation Administration notifies North
American Aerospace
Defense Command’s
Northeast Air Defense
Sector about the suspected hijacking of
American Flight 11.
United Air Lines
Flight 93, Boeing
757 with 44 people
on board, takes off
from Newark International Airport for
San Francisco.
FAA notifies
NORAD’s Northeast
Air Defense Sector
about suspected
hijacking of United
Flight 175.
American Flight 11 crashes into north side of the
north tower of the World Trade Center at a speed
less than 490 mph, between floors 94 and 98.
Between the time the plane hits and 10:29 a.m.,
smoke and fire engulf the upper floors of the tower
and several people jump to their deaths. Others in
the tower start to evacuate. A firefighter at street
level is hit by one of the jumpers and is killed.
50
We remember
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002
Rebecca
Marchand
Larry “Red”
Cunningham
Jackie
Cunningham
Capt. “Digger”
Davis
Alaa Ishak
Carol Schulze
ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL 3
Victor Schulze
Jennifer
Sanchez
Paul Robinson
9
11
#3
T H E AT TA C K S O N N E W Y O R K A N D T H E P E N TA G O N A LT E R E D T H E L I V E S O F M A N Y
NEW MEXICANS — HERE ARE SOME OF THEIR STORIES:
A D I A RY O F 9-11 J O U R N E YS
now in tatters.
“I knew I was going
somewhere,” Sanchez said. “I
didn’t know what was
happening, but I knew I would
be involved.”
Story by
LESLIE LINTHICUM
Photographs by
RICHARD PIPES
■
Of the Journal
ROBINSON
MARCHAND
Al and Rebecca Marchand
left Al’s apartment in New
Bedford, Mass., in the dark
that morning and drove to
Logan Airport.
Al, a retired Alamogordo
police lieutenant, had been a
Boston-based flight attendant
for United Airlines for less
than a year, and he and his
wife, who still kept their home
in Alamogordo, were still
feeling out the nuances of a
long-distance marriage.
Now she was flying home
and Al was due at the airport
to go to work on Flight 175, the
8 a.m. departure to Los
Angeles.
They got to the airport at 4
a.m., and Rebecca learned she
could get a standby seat on the
flight leaving at 6 a.m. Al
A WIFE’S GRIEF: Rebecca Marchand remembers her husband, Al Marchand, a United Airlines flight attendant aboard Flight 175
when it was flown by terrorists into one of the World Trade Center towers. A portrait of Marchand, a former Alamogordo police officer, hangs over the mantel in the couple’s Alamogordo home.
bought her a bottle of water,
kissed her and left her at her
boarding gate.
“I guess this is goodbye,” he
said.
DAVIS
Air Force Capt. “Digger”
Davis had worked a late shift
the night before, cutting
through the black eastern New
Mexico sky in an F-16,
practicing dog fight
maneuvers.
Still groggy, Davis and his
fiancée, Jennifer, rolled out of
bed on Sept. 11 and headed out
of their house for a coffee fix.
When they got to the drive-up
window and Davis leaned out
to take the cups, an update
came through their car radio:
A jetliner had hit the World
Trade Center towers — a
second one.
Davis wheeled his car
around, peeled out of the
parking lot and sped home. He
turned on the TV, pulled the
canvas sack with his helmet
and other flying gear out of
the closet and waited for the
phone to ring.
Davis was a 16-year veteran
of the military and a jet
fighter pilot at Cannon Air
Force Base since 1996. He was
itching to get to work, and he
had an inkling his work would
take him to the Middle East.
“When something like this
happens, you want to go after
them,” Davis said. “You want
to shove a bomb down
someone’s throat.”
ISHAK
Alaa Ishak got up at dawn
and said her prayers.
The high school senior lived
in Four Hills on Albuquerque’s
most southern reaches. But
she and her brother, a
sophomore, attended La Cueva
High School in the far
Northeast Heights.
When Ishak, the American
daughter of Iraqi parents, got
to her first-period class, world
history, the television was
already on.
Initially, she was confused
and shocked. Then the pieces
began to fall together. Her
country was under attack and
the culprits were terrorists.
Her thoughts quickly moved
to her safety and the safety of
her parents and seven
brothers and sisters. Ishak is a
Muslim and was the only
student at La Cueva who wore
the hijab, or head scarf.
“I didn’t really know the
details of what happened,” she
said, “but I knew this wouldn’t
be good for us.”
Carol and Victor looked at
each other and did what they
were trained to do. They
tucked their fears and
emotions away, got dressed
and headed to the Red Cross
center.
SCHULZE
SANCHEZ
As usual, Carol and Victor
Schulze, married for 47 years,
started their morning together
at the breakfast table of their
home in Albuquerque’s
Northeast Heights. As usual,
they were watching “Good
Morning America” on TV.
The first image Carol saw of
the destruction in New York
was smoke and ash raining
down from the first World
Trade Center tower that had
been hit.
Carol, an oncology nurse for
much of her life, and Victor, an
electrical engineer at Sandia
National Laboratories, had
settled into an unusual
retirement. They stayed busy
with children and
grandchildren and their
church choir. But they had in
the past two years become
almost full-time volunteers for
the American Red Cross.
Jennifer Sanchez, a 22-yearold University of New Mexico
junior, didn’t have any classes
until the afternoon, so she was
asleep when her mother called
from Las Vegas, N.M., to tell
her to turn on the TV.
She tuned in the news in
time to see a jetliner explode
into the second tower of the
World Trade Center in
Manhattan.
She kept the TV on and
started to pack.
Sanchez had signed up for a
six-year stint with the New
Mexico Air National Guard a
year earlier. She expected to
complete basic training and
spend one weekend a month
taking part in Guard
maneuvers while she
completed her criminology
degree and worked toward a
career in federal law
enforcement.
It appeared those plans were
September 11, 2001
9 a.m.
Hundreds of firefighters
rush to the site from all
parts of the city. Many of
them clamber up the stairwells of the north tower to
assist in the rescue and
evacuation effort.
9:03 a.m.
United Flight 175 crashes
at a speed of about 590
mph into the south side
of the south tower,
between floors 78 and
84. Parts of the plane
slice through the building,
exiting the north side of
the tower and hitting the
ground six blocks away. A
number of huge explosions are reported.
Among the dead is United
Airlines flight attendant Al
Marchand, a former
police officer in Alamogordo. Millions of Americans,
watching the horror
unfold on television, now
realize the first crash was
not an accident.
9:08 a.m.
9:21 a.m.
9:24 a.m.
9:26 a.m.
9:30 a.m.
FAA bans all takeoffs
nationwide for flights
going to or through
New York Center airspace.
All bridges and tunnels into Manhattan
are closed.
FAA notifies NORAD’s
Northeast Air Defense
Sector about suspected hijacking of American Flight 77.
FAA bans takeoffs of
all civilian aircraft.
Stock exchange is
evacuated; trading is
suspended.
“Look at the TV!” Barbara
Robinson yelled from the
kitchen.
Paul Robinson, who was
getting dressed to go to work,
came into the kitchen of his
home in Albuquerque and
stood watching the image of
the burning building in
bewilderment. He was staring
at the TV as he saw a second
airplane come out of the
corner of the TV screen and
disappear into the second
tower.
“It all came together,”
Robinson said. “This was no
accident.”
Robinson finished dressing
quickly and headed for the
door.
The director of Sandia
National Laboratories, one of
two Department of Energy
weapons development labs in
New Mexico, kissed his wife
goodbye. “I don’t know when
I’ll see you,” he said. “I have a
feeling it will be a long time.”
NEW MEXICO
The attacks that took place a
year ago today unfolded in less
than two hours. They were
over by the time many people
in New Mexico were still
having breakfast.
Those two hours, though,
imprinted history and changed
world politics. They also
changed people’s lives.
The effects were most
intense in New York, at the
Pentagon and in Pennsylvania,
where hijacked airplanes
crashed and more than 3,000
people died.
But reverberations rolled
across the country.
In New Mexico in the hours,
days and weeks after the
attacks, there was loss, grief
and worry.
In the year that has followed,
there has also been strength
and learning and
understanding.
MARCHAND
Rebecca Marchand landed in
Denver about 8 a.m.
As the plane taxied toward
the gate, the passenger in the
seat next to her turned on his
Palm Pilot to check his e-mail
and looked up, stricken.
▼
I
t was cool and bright in the
Zuni Mountains on Sept. 11
and Larry “Red”
Cunningham was camping
amid the juniper and pine.
Without the intrusions of radio,
television or cell phones,
Cunningham enjoyed the
silence of the forest while he
hunted for elk.
That morning a deeper
silence settled on the western
New Mexico mountains. As
Cunningham thought about it,
he realized what was missing:
the sound of air traffic.
Forty miles away in Gallup,
Jackie Cunningham was
already at work at A.C.
Houston Lumber when she
heard the news that
commercial airplanes had
been hijacked on the East
Coast and were being used as
bombs on American buildings.
It looked like a wicked mess,
and she thought it was exactly
the type of event her son,
Jason, an Air Force special
operations pararescueman,
might be called to respond to.
She went home, turned on
the TV and, like the rest of the
nation, watched the
devastation replayed like an
inconceivable movie.
“Little did I know,” Jackie
Cunningham said, “how it
would drastically change my
life and completely break my
heart.”
50
We remember
ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL
He told her that a plane had
hit one of the World Trade
Center towers in Manhattan.
As he read more e-mails, he
announced worsening news.
There were three hijacked
airplanes that had crashed;
they were commercial jets and
two had originated in Boston.
Rebecca dialed the cell
phone of her husband, Al, a
United flight attendant, and
got his voice mail.
She was shaky as she got off
the plane and stepped into the
Denver airport where all of
the TVs had been turned off
and security guards were
evacuating the terminal
buildings.
Rebecca spilled out of the
airport with hundreds of other
travelers and got on the first
hotel shuttle bus she spotted.
She didn’t know the number
of the flight Al was working on
and, in a daze, she couldn’t
begin to figure out his flight
duration and the time change
to know whether his plane
should have already landed in
L.A.
“Somebody has to help me,”
she said to the other riders on
the shuttle bus.
ROBINSON
Even though he was the top
man at Sandia National
Laboratories, Paul Robinson’s
first thoughts had nothing to
do with national security.
He had worked on the 93rd
floor of World Trade Center
Tower Two in the late 1980s
and a series of faces — coworkers from the Electric
Bond and Share Co.— flashed
in his mind.
Robinson was inside Sandia’s
Emergency Operations Center,
a secured room set up for
high-level directors in
emergencies, when he
received a call from two
Sandia managers who had just
left a meeting at the Pentagon
and heard an explosion. A
third plane had been flown
through a wall of the Pentagon.
What, Robinson thought, will
the next target be?
Sandia National
Laboratories, operated for the
National Nuclear Security
Administration and charged
with design and development
of nuclear warhead
components, was vulnerable.
Robinson was directed to close
the 7,900-employee complex on
the southeast side of
Albuquerque and send all but
its decision-makers home.
Robinson began clearing the
complex, but he knew that
national laboratories, due to
the nature of the scientific
research they do, were also
going to play a crucial role in
protecting the country from
further terrorist threats.
SCHULZE
In their training as Red
Cross volunteers, Carol and
Victor Schulze had helped
families burned out of their
houses, responded to major
accidents that shut down
interstates and passed out
apples and granola bars at the
Cerro Grande Fire.
The 65-year-olds drove to the
offices of the Mid-Rio Grande
Chapter of the American Red
Cross and got busy helping to
set up and staff an emergency
family service center to aid
travelers stranded at the
airport when airlines were
grounded.
It didn’t take Victor long to
realize the disasters at the
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002
CALLED UP: Air Force Capt. “Digger” Davis, based out of Cannon Air Force Base in Clovis, flew air combat patrols over U.S. cities in the months after Sept. 11.
Davis got his call to serve in the Middle East last month and is scheduled to leave for an undisclosed location.
Pentagon and especially in
New York were going to need a
lot of volunteers for a long
time.
“How many people are they
going to need?” he wanted to
know. “Can we go?”
The answer was no, at least
not right now.
“We kind of felt bad,” said
Victor, “that we couldn’t go out
right away.”
DAVIS
Fighter pilot Digger Davis
had flown patrols in the Iraqi
no-fly zone and in Korea and
had run bombing missions
over Serbia in the Bosnian
conflict.
Now Davis was on alert at
Cannon Air Force Base,
itching to respond to an attack
on his own country. But Davis
did not climb into his F-16 and
lock on an enemy.
It would take awhile to know
just who the enemy was.
Davis, frustrated, would have
to wait.
MARCHAND
Mike and Kathy Weiner,
evacuated from the Denver
Airport with hundreds of other
people, were worried about the
frantic woman, the wife of a
flight attendant, on the hotel
shuttle bus with them.
They got off the bus with her
at the Hampton Inn, reserved
a room, and Kathy went
upstairs to plug in her laptop
and try to find out more about
the hijackings and which
planes were involved.
Mike stayed with Rebecca
Marchand in the lobby as she
talked to her mother on the
cell phone and tried to avoid
the TV. Rebecca’s mother in
Alamogordo had already
learned that her son-in-law, Al,
had been on the second plane
to hit the World Trade Center.
Rebecca’s father was already
on the road to Denver to pick
her up and bring her home.
Rosie Frazier didn’t tell her
daughter the news because she
didn’t want her to find out,
alone, in a hotel lobby.
A few minutes later, the
elevator door in the Hampton
Inn opened and Rebecca could
tell from the look on Kathy
Weiner’s face that one of the
planes had been Al’s.
ROBINSON
About 10 a.m., Gen. John
Gordon, administrator of the
National Nuclear Security
Administration in Washington,
D.C., called Paul Robinson at
Sandia and asked, “What can
you do to help out?”
Gordon had the same
worries that many Americans
shared: What if a plane
crashed into a nuclear power
plant?
A Sandia team had already
experimented with that
question, putting a F-4
Phantom fighter jet on a sled
track and crashing it into a
section of a power plant
containment wall, measuring
force and damage.
Within hours that team and
others were on a Department
of Energy plane bound for
Andrews Air Force Base to
begin a security assessment of
DOE sites nationwide.
Robinson ordered up new ID
badges, emblazoned “Mission
Critical,” and settled in for
long hours in the bunker. He
gathered his key people and
asked them, “What should we
most worry about?”
“You had to put your mind to
thinking like terrorists and
people who wish to do our
country harm,” he said later.
It wasn’t an unusual
question. Six years earlier,
terrorism had been identified
as one of the labs’ missions,
and research projects were
under way all over the
complex. Until now, that work
had been theoretical.
“We had been getting a free
ride,” Robinson said. “Well, no
longer.”
Employees — engineers,
scientists and mathematicians
— were called back to work
and told to bring an overnight
bag.
MARCHAND
Alone in a hotel room in
Denver, Rebecca Marchand
took the call from a United
Airlines representative
confirming her husband, Al,
had died on Flight 175.
Sit tight, her mother told her
on the phone, your dad is on
the way from Alamogordo to
bring you home. She had seven
hours to wait, alone.
Rebecca Frazier was 17
when she first met Al
Marchand. She answered the
door at her parents’ house and
Marchand was there in
uniform, a new officer still in
training with the Alamogordo
Police Department.
The officers were accusing
her of knowing about a
neighbor’s involvement in
burglaries, and Rebecca was
home alone and frightened.
She was relieved when her
mother arrived home and
threw them off the property.
It was not a storybook
beginning to a love story.
“All I knew was his name,”
Rebecca said, “and that I
couldn’t stand him.”
In 1992 a friend of hers tried
to introduce the two, but
Rebecca wanted nothing of the
pushy cop.
“Are you crazy?” she said.
“I’ll never date that man.”
With some persuasion, she
finally did agree to a date and
was rewarded by knowing Al
Marchand.
“He was a real people
person, really a funny guy,”
Rebecca said. “You’d meet him
and never forget him.”
They married in 1997 and
moved into his house, settling
into life as a blended family
with his son and her two sons.
Three years later he retired
from the police department
and began to consider
possibilities for a second
career.
He decided that joining a
flight crew was perfect: It
involved meeting people,
helping people and traveling.
Marchand started United
Airlines training Nov. 20, 2000,
in Chicago and on Jan. 10,
2001, he was assigned to
Boston and worked his first
flight.
Rebecca had tried to talk her
husband out of taking the job,
and she didn’t like it once he
started. Because of the travel
time between Boston and
Alamogordo, he needed at
least three days off to get
home even for 24 hours, and
she and their sons wanted him
home more often.
Rebecca wished he would
quit, but she also saw how
much he loved his work.
Marchand, a religious man,
loved to help people, and he
often speculated that perhaps
a plane would be in trouble one
day and he could save
passengers — either their lives
or their souls.
SANCHEZ
By Sept. 12, Jennifer
Sanchez was dressed in
camouflage, armed with an M16 rifle and patrolling the
flight line at Kirtland Air
Force Base.
Sanchez, a college student a
day earlier, was suddenly an
active-duty soldier with the
possibility of war on the
horizon.
The base was on “Threat
Condition Delta,” its most
severe level of alert, and
Sanchez was poised to attack if
anyone approached the fighter
planes without authorization.
In the Air National Guard
for less than a year, her first
real mission was more serious
than anything she could have
anticipated.
“I couldn’t believe,” she said,
“that the first thing was this
catastrophic.”
MARCHAND
Rebecca Marchand had
avoided television and had still
not watched a minute of the
World Trade Center or
Pentagon attacks.
On the car ride from Denver
home to Alamogordo on Sept.
12, she heard a report on the
radio about how the hijackers
had killed some passengers
and flight crew members to
gain control of the airplanes.
Until she heard the radio
report, she had thought of her
husband dying in a plane
crash. That was, somehow,
easier to take.
She dialed her mother on her
cell phone and broke down.
“Mom,” she said, “they
murdered my husband.”
ROBINSON
Paul Robinson finally left the
sprawling lab complex in
Southeast Albuquerque two
days after the attack to have
dinner with his wife. After
they ate, Robinson went
upstairs to his study, sat down
at the computer and began to
write.
His thoughts — about his
personal experiences working
at the World Trade Center, his
reactions to the attacks and
the laboratories’ duty —
appeared in the Sandia labs
company newsletter a week
later.
In a stream-of-consciousness
essay completed in about an
hour, he wrote of friends
feared missing, of memories
of the World Trade Center and
the Pentagon, of the terror that
must have gripped passengers
on the four doomed jets.
“And with all of the deaths —
in Washington, in New York,
and with those who perished in
the airplane that took a sharp
plunge to the ground outside
Pittsburgh — our nation faces
a great crisis. Who will now
rise to avenge their deaths?”
His answer was that
“science and engineering have
an enormous power to make
the world a better place.”
“This week,” Robinson
concluded, “the trumpet has
sounded the call to
‘exceptional service’ louder
than at any time in our lives.
Let us answer the call.”
He sent the essay to the
office and went back to work.
MARCHAND
Unable to sleep, Rebecca
Marchand got out of bed at 5
a.m. on Sept. 13 and turned on
the TV. It was the first time
she had seen her husband’s
plane disappearing into the
World Trade Center tower in a
fiery explosion.
Two days later, and a day
before Al’s memorial service
was to be held, Rebecca’s
younger son, Trae, turned 13.
The family was determined
not to let the occasion be lost
in grief. They gathered to
watch his football team play
and then went to Dave’s Pizza
and had a party. It was the
first time the family had been
out in public since Sept. 11,
and they felt conspicuous
September 11, 2001
9:31 a.m.
9:40 a.m. (approx.)
9:45 a.m.
9:48 a.m.
At a Sarasota, Fla., school,
President Bush delivers his
first official remarks on the
events, calling them a “national tragedy” and an “apparent
terrorist attack on our country.”
American Flight 77 slams into the
western side of the Pentagon,
igniting a violent fire. The section
hit by the plane consists mostly of
recently renovated, unoccupied
offices. Evacuation of the rest of
the Pentagon begins immediately.
FAA orders all aircraft to land at nearest airport; more
than 4,500 aircraft are in the air at the time. No civilian
aircraft is allowed to take off. All air traffic headed for
U.S. is redirected to Canada. Later, FAA suspends all civilian flights until noon, Sept. 12, the first time all commercial flights in the U.S. have ever been suspended. Military
and medical flights continue. White House is evacuated.
U.S. Capitol closes,
is evacuated after
bomb threats; other
federal buildings in
D.C. close.
▼
4
50
We remember
ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL 5
Davis had to wrap his mind
around the possibility he might
have to kill — as a last resort
— several hundred innocent
citizens of his own country.
Before Sept. 11, the notion
would have been unthinkable.
But as Davis took to the skies
less than two weeks after the
jetliner attacks, he was ready
to kill to prevent more killing.
“I’m going to do something
about it to prevent loss of life.
And then I’m going to start
writing letters of apology to
the families of every person on
that plane telling them their
loved ones died as heroes.”
but comforted. Townspeople
offered condolences and the
owners of Dave’s Pizza picked
up their tab.
“That was only the
beginning of the kindness,”
Rebecca said.
CUNNINGHAM
Red Cunningham got back to
Gallup from his elk hunt late
in the evening on Sept. 14,
walked in the house and found
his wife, Jackie, agitated and
eager to fill him in on the news
that had shaken the world:
Four jetliners hijacked, two
World Trade Center towers in
rubble, the Pentagon on fire,
thousands of victims, heroes
who drove the fourth jetliner
away from Washington and
into the ground in western
Pennsylvania.
Their son, Jason, was still
awaiting orders at Moody Air
Force Base in Georgia, but it
looked like the country was
heading for war.
“You gotta be kidding,” Red
said, and turned on the TV.
ISHAK
Born in Tucson to parents
who had immigrated from
Iraq, Alaa Ishak had been a
Muslim all her life. But, raised
as an American, Ishak was
discovering that she knew
little about her religion.
As it became clear that a
Muslim, Osama bin Laden, was
behind the terrorist attacks,
classmates and friends began
to ask Ishak — conspicuous in
her hijab — about Islam and
the Quran.
Increasingly, she found her
answer to be, “I don’t know.”
The country had a thirst for
news and information, and
bookstores were selling out of
copies of the Quran and texts
on Islam and Middle Eastern
history — books that had
collected dust before.
Ishak had a similar thirst.
She read the entire Quran for
the first time in her life and
turned to her parents and
books to learn more about the
religion.
ISHAK
Muslims gathered at the
Islamic Center of New Mexico
in an Albuquerque
neighborhood on Sept. 14 as
they do every Friday night to
hear readings from the Quran.
Alaa Ishak was there with
her parents, Abdul Aziz and
Bushra Saleh, and her siblings.
They parted at the doors —
women on one side and men on
the other.
The imam, or prayer leader,
spoke in Arabic and explained
a fundamental truth that
seemed to have been lost in the
traumatic week: Islam,
translated from Arabic, means
peace. He asked everyone to
pray for the people hurt or
killed in the attacks and to
send out a message that Islam
condemns violence.
He also warned Muslims to
be careful.
There had already been a
flier distributed in Gallup
calling for the removal of
Arabs from the United States.
The front window of a shop
owned by an Arab-American
of Palestinian descent had
been shattered.
Aziz and Saleh had gathered
their children together earlier
in the week and warned them
that emotions would be
running high and that
American Muslims might be
targeted for violence or
harassment.
Some of their female Muslim
friends had already decided to
remove their head scarves so
they would not stand out and
invite trouble.
Ishak considered it and
decided she would not.
“I felt it would be a sign of
weakness,” she said.
SANDIA
By Sept. 15, a team from
Sandia National Laboratories
was fitting search dogs at the
World Trade Center site with
instruments that allowed them
to transmit live video and
audio to their handlers.
Another Sandia team pulled
together information for the
Federal Aviation
Administration to use as it
contemplated how to safely
reopen the nation’s airports.
The team had researched how
to design the most secure
airport, using BaltimoreWashington International as an
example.
DAVIS
MIXED EMOTIONS: Alaa Ishak, the American-born daughter of Iraqi parents, struggled with mixed
emotions after Sept. 11.
MARCHAND
On the ferry to Martha’s
Vineyard the weekend before,
Al and Rebecca Marchand had
talked about what they wanted
for their funerals.
It was not an unusual
conversation for two
Christians to have, as they
believed their deaths would be
a beginning of another life. Al
said he wanted an enthusiastic
“altar call,” where participants
are asked to go to the front of
the church to pledge
themselves to Christ.
“I want people to get saved
through my death,” Al said.
Hundreds of people jammed
the First Assembly Worship
Center in Alamogordo on Sept.
16, singing “I Believe in Jesus”
just as Marchand had wanted.
As a police officer for more
than 20 years, Marchand had
arrested a lot of people. Scores
of his collars packed the
church to say goodbye. And
more than 80 people walked to
the front of the church to be
saved.
CUNNINGHAM
Jason Cunningham stayed in
touch with his parents as
winter settled in and the war
in Afghanistan continued. He
called from Moody Air Force
Base in Georgia every Sunday
and every Sunday they had the
same question: “When are you
going?”
Cunningham had shown
early signs of the spirit,
strength and drive that makes
a successful special operations
soldier. He did everything
early, moving directly from
crawling to running as a
toddler and never slowing
down. He was an athlete in
schools in Carlsbad and
Farmington, where his family
moved in 1991.
It was no surprise, then, that
Cunningham, who wore thriftstore camouflage gear and ate
“Meals Ready to Eat,” enlisted
in the Navy after he
graduated. He considered
becoming a Navy SEAL but
switched to the Air Force to
become a medic on a
pararescue squad. He told an
Air Force magazine that he
didn’t want to kill people, he
wanted to save them.
Pararescue jumpers, or PJs,
are trained to jump out of
airplanes and helicopters, dive
into oceans and climb through
rubble to reach and rescue
downed pilots and others
trapped in perilous situations.
By definition, if a PJ is
working, something has gone
wrong. And if a war is on, a PJ
wants to be there.
“We knew that he couldn’t
wait,” Red said, “but we
dreaded it.”
SANCHEZ
On Sept. 20 President Bush
announced that America’s
airports would be patrolled by
military police.
That afternoon, 22-year-old
Jennifer Sanchez, armed with
a 9mm pistol, was assigned
with other National Guard
members to the Albuquerque
International Sunport and
began eight-hour patrols.
DAVIS
Digger Davis was at Nellis
Air Force Base outside Las
Vegas, Nev., on Sept. 21 when a
call came over the secured
phone line and Davis was told
to pack up and get ready to
leave.
“Yeah,” he said, “we’re
going.”
Davis did not go into combat,
though. Instead, he was part of
several teams assigned to stillsecret locations in the United
States to patrol American
skies.
Davis had been trained to
find the bad guys and take
them out. Now he was being
told to fly over American
cities with a more chilling
potential mission: To shoot
down a hijacked airliner
before it could be used as a
weapon against an American
city.
“I’m constantly trained to go
kill people and blow stuff up,”
Davis said. “When I’m
strapped into the jet, that’s my
mission. To be deployed within
your own country was really
bizarre.”
In a rush, Digger Davis
could fly his F-16 from Clovis
to Salt Lake City in 15 minutes.
That is why he and other F16 pilots were tapped for the
nation’s new “Homeland
Defense” initiative.
In late September he was on
alert for 12- and 24-hour shifts,
sitting in an office about 50
yards from his plane, dressed
in his green flight suit and
waiting for the phone to ring.
The phone calls came from
the North American
Aerospace Defense Command
control center in Colorado.
Within six minutes of a call
reporting an unauthorized
flight, Davis could be in the
air, speeding toward the
possible threat.
The threats usually turned
out to be mundane — private
airplanes whose pilots
inadvertently strayed into
restricted airspace. They
would get an escort to the
nearest airport and be met by
FBI agents on the ground.
When he wasn’t on call for
reported threats, Davis was
patrolling the skies. That, too,
required a whole new
approach.
“How am I going to know
what to look for? How am I
going to find them? What are
we not seeing? What are we
not thinking of?”
The questions were difficult
to answer.
After all, Davis said, “I
never would have considered
that anyone would fly a plane
into the World Trade Center.”
ROBINSON
Gen. John Gordon, head of
the National Nuclear Security
Administration, called Paul
Robinson’s number again at
Sandia and this time posed an
odd question: Without opening
an envelope, how could you
discern whether it contained
powder? And how could you
tell if that powder contained
anthrax?
Within 45 minutes, Sandia
scientists had agreed on the
best approach to what would
become a nationwide scare
about anthrax in the U.S. mail:
Kill everything and ask what’s
in it later.
Sandia scientists already
knew how to do it. They had
experimented with technology
that would irradiate E. coli
bacteria in frozen beef.
Fifteen Sandia staffers were
on a plane that night and at a
table in the National Security
Council offices at the White
House the next morning.
They went 72 hours without
sleep and developed the mailbag radiation system that
began treating every piece of
mail.
When anthrax contaminated
offices on Capitol Hill, an
anthrax-killing foam
developed at Sandia was called
in to decontaminate them.
SANCHEZ
Secretary of Defense Donald
Rumsfeld flew into the desert
Arab Emirate of Oman on Oct.
4 and then helicoptered off to a
secret meeting with the Sultan
of Oman.
The purpose of his mission
was to negotiate the possibility
of locating U.S. troops in bases
in Oman for assaults on
Afghanistan.
Five days later, Jennifer
Sanchez and other members of
the security force of the New
Mexico Air National Guard
were called into a briefing
room at Kirtland Air Force
Base and given the word they
had been waiting for: They
would be shipping out for duty
at a base in the Middle East.
The length of their stay was
undetermined, and the details
of their mission were
classified. And one more thing:
It was very hot where they
were going.
Sanchez trained intensively
for a week and then gathered
with her family — her parents
and two older brothers — for a
briefing at Kirtland where
commanders talked them
through the going-to-war
basics.
You won’t know where your
daughter will be or when she’s
coming home, they were told.
You won’t be able to call. Her
e-mail will be screened. And
we’ll hold on to a copy of her
will.
Frank Sanchez, a dentist,
and his wife, Joanne, who runs
his office, had always known
their youngest child and only
girl would find a way to wear a
uniform. She had been
fascinated by soldiers since
she was a little girl.
Now they were at an Air
Force base crying, and their
daughter was trying hard not
to. They said goodbye and she
carried her rucksack and rifle
onto a C-130 airplane and
disappeared.
Sad, nervous and scared,
they prayed, watched CNN
and doted on Maya and Xian,
their daughter’s Pomeranian
pups, left behind with the
family in Las Vegas, N.M.
MARCHAND
They had been warmly
embraced by their neighbors
September 11, 2001
9:50 a.m.
9:57 a.m.
10:07 a.m. (approx.)
10:28 a.m.
11 a.m.
11:45 a.m.
South tower of World
Trade Center collapses, weakened by metal-melting heat of jet
fuel-stoked fire. The
floors pancake downward and a massive
cloud of smoke, dirt
and debris slowly
spreads outward from
building.
Bush hastily departs
on Air Force One from
Sarasota on evasive
route for Barksdale
Air Force base near
Shreveport, La. En
route, Bush calls Vice
President Cheney and
puts America’s military on high-alert
status.
United Flight 93 slams into a Pennsylvania field near
Shanksville, killing all on board. Moments before, plane had
turned back toward the east from its westward heading. As the
plane heads toward Washington, D.C., passengers on cell
phones learn about the New York and Pentagon crashes. At
least three hatch a plan to resist the hijackers in what was clearly a heroic attempt to prevent the plane from reaching its target.
One passenger, Todd Beamer, recites Psalm 23 to a GTE operator, then leaves the phone off the hook so the operator could listen. Just before 10 a.m., the operator hears Beamer say: “Are
you guys ready? Let’s roll!” Moments later, the plane crashes.
North tower of World
Trade Center collapses.
Vast amounts of smoke,
ash, debris and dust
pour through nearby
streets. Hundreds of
firefighters, workers are
trapped and killed. On
the ground, dazed
crowds of people flee
the area.
New York’s
Mayor Giuliani
tells people to
stay home,
orders evacuation of lower
Manhattan.
Bush arrives at
Barksdale AFB.
12:15 p.m.
U.S. announces
closure of borders with Canada, Mexico.
▼
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002
9
11
#5
We remember
ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002
wife already knew.
Jason had always told his
parents, “If anything happens
to me, they’ll come in a white
car.”
The car — not white, after
all, and carrying three officers
from Kirtland Air Force Base
— had just left when news
reporters began knocking on
the door.
By the time the day was
over, Gallup police had
blocked access to the
Cunninghams’ home and 137
messages had been logged on
their telephone answering
machine.
in Alamogordo since Sept. 11,
but Rebecca Marchand and
her sons could not help feeling
odd — alone in New Mexico
as the family of a World Trade
Center victim.
They flew to New York on
Oct. 28 to attend a memorial
service for relatives of people
killed in the attack, checked
into the Sheraton Towers,
which was reserved for the
families, and had an
unfamiliar feeling.
“We were finally normal,”
Rebecca said. “We were finally
among people like us.”
While they were in New
York they decided to make the
difficult trip to the former site
of the World Trade Center, at
that point still a mountain of
sooty rubble and a graveyard
for buried victims.
A New York City police
officer drove them onto the
site, and they stood and looked
around.
Al Marchand’s body, or any
piece of it, had not been
recovered. There had been no
casket at his funeral and no
grave for his family to visit.
“I think I felt a sense of
relief just seeing where he
died,” Rebecca said.
SANCHEZ
Jennifer Sanchez and the
rest of her National Guard unit
landed in Oman at a base made
up of tents and cots and
surrounded by sand, spiders,
snakes, mice and lots of cats.
She slept or read magazines
during the day and at night she
patrolled the tent city under
the constant noise of jet
traffic.
It left a lot of time to worry
about her family back home in
New Mexico and to think about
a life in the military.
Sweating in the desert,
eating packaged meals, being
separated from family and not
knowing what the future would
bring weighed on Sanchez.
SANCHEZ
FROM SCHOOL TO BATTLE: Jennifer Sanchez was a University of New Mexico junior and member of the Air National Guard when
she was called to active duty.
Red Cross air hangar in
Brooklyn.
ISHAK
Alaa Ishak and her mother,
Bushra Saleh, were driving
down Albuquerque’s Central
Avenue to run errands when
they stopped at a red light and
a man pulled up next to them
and made an obscene gesture.
The women, following the
command of the Quran, had
their hair covered in scarves.
“Go back,” he yelled. “This is
all your fault.”
Ishak and her mother drove
away, shaken. It was more
than two months since the
attacks, but emotions still ran
hot.
SCHULZE
Red Cross volunteers Carol
and Victor Schulze finally got
the call that they were needed
in New York on Nov. 3.
They were ready to go, and a
day later they flew into
LaGuardia Airport over the
wreckage of the World Trade
Center and found their way to
the Red Cross headquarters at
the foot of the Brooklyn
Bridge.
They worked 12 to 14 hours a
day over the next three weeks.
They shuttled meals, drinks
and supplies in modified
ambulances from the Red
Cross kitchen to the Coast
Guard headquarters, Red
Cross warehouses in New
Jersey, family service centers
throughout the boroughs, to
fire stations and to the World
Trade Center site.
The couple was screened,
except for one trip into the
rubble of ground zero, from
the devastation and its victims.
Even so, they felt the strain.
“You’d think for us — there
six weeks after the fact, we
never talked to a client, we
never talked to a victim — that
shouldn’t be that bad,” Victor
said.
But almost two months into
the cleanup efforts, the area
was still tense.
“Stress is contagious,” Carol
said. “Everybody was really
stressed. We were
overwhelmed at times.”
SCHULZE
IN THE MIDDLE OF CONFLICT: Sandia National Laboratories
president Paul Robinson found himself in the middle of the
nation’s response to the terrorist attacks. Sandia workers
helped develop tools to combat anthrax, screen mail and check
nuclear power plants and airports for security breaches.
SANCHEZ
On Nov. 21 Jennifer Sanchez
turned 23 in a mess tent at a
patched-together military base
in Oman. The occasion was
marked with a lighted match
stuck in a piece of MRE pound
cake and a chorus of “Happy
Birthday” from the men and
women in her unit that she was
getting to know like brothers
and sisters.
Sanchez had not looked at a
calendar in months and seldom
knew what day of the week it
was. She wanted to do her job
and not be tempted to count
down the days toward any
imaginary departure date.
SCHULZE
On Thanksgiving, for the
first time since they were first
married and had children,
Carol and Victor Schulze did
not host a turkey dinner. Their
children gathered in
Albuquerque. The older
Schulzes ate their turkey at a
Carol and Victor Schulze
returned to Albuquerque from
New York in early December.
They volunteered to deliver a
Red Cross vehicle to Peoria on
their return trip, and they
drove through the Midwest.
They noticed American flags
draped everywhere.
The drive turned out to be a
blessing — an “easy come
down” in Victor’s words —
from the soot and smell and
commotion of the previous
three weeks.
Under orders from the Red
Cross chapter here, Carol and
Victor took a week off. Almost
three months after the
terrorist attacks on
Washington and New York, she
fell apart.
“I got angry at first,” she
said. “Then the grief and the
tears.”
Carol’s emotional reserves
were on empty and she
decided not to go out on a
service call for a while.
CUNNINGHAM
Jason Cunningham called his
parents in Gallup early in the
morning on Feb. 1.
“OK, Mom, you’re going to
have to make me proud now,”
he said. His squadron was
leaving — he couldn’t say
exactly where he was going or
exactly how long he would be
gone.
“I just want you to be safe
and come home,” Jackie told
her son. “And don’t go being no
hero.”
Then Jason got on the phone
with his father.
“Don’t tell Mom exactly how
dangerous this little deal we’re
going to is going to be,” he
said. “But if anything happens,
suck it up.”
DAVIS
Digger Davis got a second
call-up — for homeland
defense initiative Operation
Noble Eagle once again, not to
combat.
Frustrated, he went off for
another three months.
“It’s frustrating to sit back,”
Davis said. “Once you’ve been
in combat once, you want to do
it again.”
CUNNINGHAM
The phone rang in the
Cunninghams’ house at 5 a.m.
on March 5. It didn’t wake
anyone because neither Jackie
nor Red had been able to sleep.
Red had returned from
coyote hunting a day earlier
and once again found Jackie
agitated by what she had seen
on the news. Navy SEALs had
been shot down in a battle in
Afghanistan. Seven soldiers
had died in the attack and in a
helicopter rescue attempt,
conducted under fire. Jackie
sensed Jason was involved.
Theresa, Jason’s wife and
mother of their two small
girls, was on the line.
“He was on the chopper,”
Jackie said. “He’s dead, right?”
Jackie let out the terrible
cry that is reserved for a
mother who has lost her child.
Red got dressed and said, “I
gotta go to work.”
While Jackie cried, Red
drove the short distance to the
Conoco plant where he works
and announced that his son had
been killed. Then he drove
back home to wait for the
knock on the door from Air
Force personnel with official
notification of what he and his
On March 14, members of
the New Mexico National
Guard unit got orders they
were leaving the desert of
Oman and going home. They
were dressed in civilian
clothes and on a plane by that
night.
Frank and Joanne Sanchez,
supplied with a dozen red
roses, were at the
Albuquerque airport when
Jennifer Sanchez’s plane
landed.
And their daughter finally
cried.
“I couldn’t let go of my
mom,” Jennifer said.
After four weeks of leave, a
party in her honor and several
servings of her grandmother’s
green chile chicken
enchiladas, Sanchez headed
back to duty, patrolling at
Kirtland.
CUNNINGHAM
The next two weeks were a
blur of travel, memorials and
grief for Jackie and Red
Cunningham. They gathered in
their hometown of Carlsbad
with friends and relatives to
memorialize Jason.
Then they flew to Arlington,
Va., on a Conoco corporate jet
for a funeral with full military
honors.
By then, the details of Jason
Cunningham’s last day were
beginning to be revealed.
Dispatched to a 10,000-foot
mountaintop in southeast
Afghanistan to rescue Navy
SEALs who were pinned down
under fire, Cunningham was in
a helicopter with 10 Army
Rangers and two other troops
when it was hit by a grenade.
It went down amid waiting alQaida fighters.
Cunningham took two bullets
to his pelvis and lower
intestines but continued to
treat the wounded men on his
chopper.
Bleeding and losing
strength, he performed his
medic duties for eight hours
before he lost consciousness
and died.
President Bush was meeting
with U2 singer Bono across the
Potomac at the White House
and did not attend the funeral.
Red Cunningham wrote a
four-page letter to his son and
placed it in Jason’s casket.
“You gave your life for us
all,” he wrote.
The Cunninghams went
home to Gallup, returning to
what people who have not just
buried their son like to call a
“normal life.”
MARCHAND
Rebecca Marchand tried to
go back to work at the
Alamogordo restaurant where
she worked as a manager,
but she couldn’t concentrate.
Uneasy under the looks
▼
6
September 11, 2001
12:55 p.m.
1:04 p.m.
1:27 p.m.
2:51 p.m.
3:07 p.m.
5:25 p.m.
6:54 p.m.
8:30 p.m.
In Afghanistan, Taliban officials deny
any responsibility for
attacks.
Bush, speaking at Barksdale AFB, announces
U.S. military on high alert
worldwide. Air Force One
then leaves for U.S.
Strategic Command at
Offutt Air Force Base in
Nebraska.
State of emergency
is declared in Washington, D.C.
Navy dispatches missile destroyers to
New York,
Washington.
Bush arrives at
Offutt, descends into
bunker and teleconferences with National Security Council.
Previously evacuated
47-story Seven
World Trade Center
collapses; it was
damaged earlier
when towers fell.
Bush arrives at
White House by
Marine 1 helicopter
after landing in Air
Force One at
Andrews Air Force
Base in Maryland
with a fighter jet
escort.
Bush addresses the
nation on television, saying “thousands of lives
were suddenly ended by
evil … These acts shattered steel, but they cannot dent the steel of
American resolve.”
We remember
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002
ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL 7
from people when she
ventured out, she mostly
stayed home.
And every day she read the
mail, which was filled with
cards and letters from people
she had never met who wanted
her to know they cared.
“There were days when I
thought I was the only one
feeling this way,” she said.
“Some days that was all that
got me through, knowing there
are people everywhere
grieving in the same way I
am.”
CUNNINGHAM
March 27 was Jason
Cunningham’s birthday. He
would have been 27. Jackie
Cunningham held his baby
blanket all day and cried.
ULTIMATE SACRIFICE: Senior
Airman Jason Cunningham, a
member of the Air Force’s elite
pararescue jumper team, was
killed by al-Qaida fighters in
Afghanistan.
DAVIS
Every fighter pilot gets a
nickname during his training
and that becomes his call sign.
“Digger” Davis earned his for
his romantic dalliances with
older women in his youth.
His fellow soldiers called
him “Gravedigger” and joked
that he would try to pick up
women at the morgue.
On April 27, Davis ended the
ribbing. He married Jennifer,
31, and the two took off for a
honeymoon in Tahiti, a break
from war time.
PROUD PARENTS: Jackie and Larry “Red” Cunningham knew their son, Jason, wanted to see action in the war in Afghanistan, but
they dreaded the day he would be called up.
past year have not
disappeared. It took 65 years
for her to lose her innocence
last September.
“I’m more aware of man’s
inhumanity to man. I’m more
aware of things people do to
each other,” Schulze said. “I’m
more aware of the cruelty in
the world.”
MARCHAND
In July, Rebecca Marchand
returned with a friend to New
York for another observation
of the World Trade Center
deaths and listened as former
New York Mayor Rudy
Giuliani and others eulogized
World Trade Center workers
and police officers and
firefighters who died trying to
rescue people from the
buildings.
No one mentioned the people
who died on the two jetliners
that hijackers used to bring
the buildings down. It started
to bother Rebecca.
“There were people on those
airplanes. There were lives
that were lost just like the
others and nobody was talking
about them.”
With no survivors, the
details of what went on in the
minutes between Flight 175’s
takeoff from Logan Airport in
Boston and its explosion into
the World Trade Center tower
were limited. Rebecca lay
awake wondering about how
her husband died and
imagining gruesome
scenarios.
“Was he one of the first
people killed because he was a
police officer and he was one
of the first to react? Was he
alive when the plane hit the
building? Was he afraid? Was
he able to get on the intercom
and save people?”
She also was swept with
anger at her husband, who
could have been alive if he had
not chosen to leave New
Mexico to take a job she never
wanted him to have.
“I waver between anger and
acceptance,” Rebecca said. “I
also know that, if he could
choose, he wouldn’t choose to
be back here.”
As a widow, it makes her
angry. As a Christian, she
understands.
SANCHEZ
A year of active duty and a
few months in the sands of the
Middle East were enough to
CUNNINGHAM
GIVING OF THEMSELVES: Carol and Victor Schulze, Albuquerque retirees and volunteers for the American Red Cross,
found themselves delivering food and water in New York to support ground zero cleanup efforts.
persuade Jennifer Sanchez
that a life in uniform was not
the life for her.
While she was proud of her
service, the uncertainty of
active duty and time away
from home were too
uncomfortable. With a war
against Iraq looming, it is
possible Sanchez and other
guard members could be sent
abroad again.
With fall approaching, she
enrolled at Wayland Baptist
University in Albuquerque to
finish her final year of college
and hopes it will not be
interrupted by her
commitments to the National
Guard. Then Sanchez plans to
apply to law school.
“I want stability, not
uncertainty,” she said.
SCHULZE
Carol Schulze returned to
the guts of the Red Cross
mission — helping people in
times of crisis, at forest fires,
house fires and storm sites,
back in New Mexico.
But the repercussions of the
Sept. 12
Sept. 14
Bush labels attacks “acts of war,”
asks Congress to devote $20 billion
to recovery and allies to join war on
terrorism. NATO declares terrorism
an attack on all 19 member states.
Justice Department names 19 suspects in attacks; intelligence
sources link them directly to Osama
bin Laden. Bush gives military
authority to call up 50,000
reservists. Afghanistan’s ruling Taliban warns of revenge if United
States attacks. Bush leads nation
in prayer at National Cathedral. Later, Bush visits ground zero in Manhattan.
Sept. 13
Secretary of State Colin Powell identifies Osama bin Laden as prime
suspect. Limited commercial flights
resume. National Football League,
Major League Baseball call off
weekend games.
Sept. 15
Pakistan agrees to U.S. demands
for possible attack on neighboring
Afghanistan.
Sept. 16
Bush pledges “crusade” to “rid the
world of evil-doers.”
Sept. 17
Wall Street trading resumes, ending
stock market’s longest shutdown
since the Depression. Dow loses
684.81 points, its worst-ever, oneday point drop.
Jackie and Red Cunningham
began seeing a mental health
counselor in August. It was a
step two old oil field hands
never could have imagined a
year ago. But they were angry
and sad and crying too much
and talking too little.
They were angry at the
military for making a mistake
that put their son in unneeded
danger. The Pentagon had
acknowledged that a
communication breakdown put
the helicopter carrying
Cunningham into the wrong —
and ultimately deadly —
location.
They feel abandoned by the
Air Force, which never
offered counseling or support
since informing them of
Jason’s death. They are angry
at President Bush for not
attending their son’s funeral.
It has helped them to talk
about their feelings and to be
told they are not going crazy,
only trudging through a
misery that is deep but
normal.
They are grateful for the
concern and support of New
Mexicans but overwhelmed by
the demands of returning that
concern.
“It’s like this gaping wound,”
Jackie said, “and it can’t ever
scab over.”
In two days, the
Cunninghams will accept the
Air Force Cross on Jason’s
behalf. It is the highest medal
awarded by the Air Force and
is given for extraordinary
heroism.
The medal does nothing to
dull their pain, but it has made
the Cunninghams even more
proud.
“There’s not many moms
who can say they raised a true
American hero,” Jackie said.
ISHAK
Alaa Ishak turned 18 this
year, an age at which girls in
her family decide whether
they will continue to wear the
Muslim hijab head covering or
choose a more traditionally
American look.
She has chosen to continue
to wear the scarf. It is
symbolic of how Ishak has
grown since last September.
“Before, I was so ignorant
about my religion and my
culture. It’s sad to say that it
took this to open my eyes,”
Ishak said. But “now I can say
I’m proud to be a Muslim
because I know what my
religion is about.”
Islam, she said, condemns
war and violence and gives
women more rights, including
the right to own property, than
many people know.
Ishak has also learned over
the past year that she cannot
view events as an American or
a Muslim.
“When September 11th
happened, that hurt me
because I am an American.
Then when they attacked
Afghanistan that hurt me
because those are my people,”
Ishak said. “I am both. I can’t
be one.”
DAVIS
In August, nearly a year
after he grabbed his gear from
a closet and got ready to go to
war, Cannon Air Force Base
pilot Digger Davis got his call.
He is scheduled to leave for
a base in the Middle East —
the location undisclosed — and
finally have the opportunity to
attach his expertise and
training to retaliation and
revenge.
“I’m going to pay these
people back,” Davis said.
ROBINSON
Paul Robinson, chief arms
control negotiator for the U.S.
between 1988 and 1990, has
been accustomed to working
long hours in tense situations
on powerful playing fields.
When he took over Sandia in
1995, his goal was to ensure
the laboratory was a step
ahead of any problem that
might threaten peace and
freedom.
“Be careful,” he jokes, “what
you wish for.”
When he reviews the past
year, Robinson said, “I’m
excited because we were here
and ready to do the work. We
were not caught flat-footed.”
He is also disturbed. The
terrorism units at Sandia had
been charged with anticipating
terrorist threats and
developing responses that
would prevent attacks or
minimize damage.
Many of their worst fears
came to pass. Now, their work
continues — classified, top
secret — as they imagine new,
more horrible horrors.
“Their work,” he said, “will
scare you to death.”
MARCHAND
Rebecca Marchand enrolled
at the New Mexico State
University branch in
Alamogordo at the end of the
summer, a step toward forging
a new identity separate from
the painful one she has worn
for a year.
She signed up for classes in
English and communications
with an eye on becoming a
journalist.
Life continues to be filled
with grief and peppered with
strange and interesting
experiences that would not
have happened if Al
Marchand’s plane had landed
safely in Los Angeles.
She has talked to school
classes, ridden in parades and
in late August met President
Bush and led him and
hundreds of other Americans
in the Pledge of Allegiance at a
rally in Las Cruces.
As the anniversary of her
husband’s death and the
nation’s tragedy drew close,
Marchand wanted to begin
walking toward the future, not
standing in the past.
She plans to be in class today
“and just hope to be a normal
person. I want to be treated
normally. I don’t want to be
approached. I don’t want to
hash it up again. I don’t want
to live it over.”
After the speeches, news
specials, memorials and
moments of silence, Sept. 11,
2002, is another day.
“Every day is hard,” she
said. “Al is gone every day.” ■
8
We remember
ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002
D I F F E R E N T WAY O F L I F E
T H E AT TA C K S B R O U G H T A B O U T C H A N G E S I N H O W W E V I E W O U R M I L I TA R Y
A N D F O R E I G N P O L I C Y A N D H O W W E V I E W O U R S E LV E S
BY MICHAEL COLEMAN
Journal Washington Bureau
W
ASHINGTON —
We watched in
shock one year ago
as symbols of
America’s economic and
military might crumbled in
fire and smoke, dust and
death.
Today, most of us lead the
same lives.
We still work hard and try to
get ahead. We still take
vacations and seek more time
for family. We still go to school
and give to charity. We’re still
interested in Julia and J-Lo.
But the context has changed.
We have marshaled our
troops and set off to settle a
score in Afghanistan. Our
airports and public buildings
don’t seem as welcoming.
Government has new tools to
spy on visitors and citizens
alike. Our military is evolving
to meet new threats. Our
politics have a new focus and
often a new tone.
The attacks reminded us we
are vulnerable, and our nation
is responding.
HOMELAND
SECURITY
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
NOT SO ACCESSIBLE: The U.S. Capitol was long one of the world’s most accessible public buildings, but Sept. 11 changed all
that. Washington, D.C., as a whole now bristles with more security measures, and self-guided tours of the Capitol are a thing
of the past.
cordial as they used to be.
Armed sky marshals fly on
many flights. Travelers flying
into Washington, D.C., must
remain seated during the last
30 minutes of the trip.
On a recent flight into the
nation’s capital, a group of
passengers shouted angrily at
an Asian man who broke the
rule in an effort to use the
restroom.
Sept. 11 made it a little more
intimidating to navigate the
entrances to government
buildings, sports arenas and
other venues where people
gather to work and play.
Daya Khalsa, senior vice
president of AKAL Security, a
national security firm that has
contracts to protect New
Mexico’s federal courthouses,
said security managers across
America are rethinking their
approaches to keeping
buildings and people safe.
“The threat of terrorism has
to be taken more seriously
PRICE OF
SECURITY
There have been some
fundamental changes to
Americans’ legal rights since
Sept. 11.
Right to legal representation
Government may monitor federal
prison conversations between
attorneys and clients and deny
lawyers to
Americans accused
of some
crimes.
“The PATRIOT Act expands government’s ability
to conduct surveillance not only on terrorists and
people with ties to terrorists, but in some cases it
allows government to get the records of Americans
with absolutely no ties to terrorism.”
NANCY CHANG, SENIOR LITIGATION ATTORNEY FOR
THE CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
than it was,” Khalsa said.
Marc S. Bradshaw, president
of the International
Association of Professional
Security Consultants and
owner of Marcus Group
Security in Rio Rancho, was
even more blunt.
“It woke us up, big time,”
Bradshaw said. “We’ve been
clumsy. In the future, the
security process will be more
effective and less intrusive on
the individual.”
That means engineers and
architects will devise better
ways to monitor the insides
and outsides of buildings, as
well as who is coming and
going, Bradshaw said.
Chances are, when we enter
a public building, even if we
can’t see the cameras,
someone will be watching.
Buildings of the future
might be designed differently,
perhaps to better withstand a
violent bomb blast. Parking
Freedom of speech
Government may prosecute
librarians or keepers of any
other records if they tell anyone
that the government subpoenaed
information related to a terror investigation.
Freedom from unreasonable
searches Government may
search and seize Americans’
papers and effects
without probable
cause to assist
terror investigation.
Right to liberty
Americans may be jailed without
being charged or
being able to
confront witnesses
against them.
Freedom of association
Government may monitor
religious and political
institutions without
suspecting
criminal activity to
assist terror
investigation.
will be set further away from
structures to minimize damage
from car bombs. Heavy
concrete flower planters lining
perimeters of buildings serve
double duty — eye-pleasing
decorations and barricades to
terror.
Meanwhile, Congress is
spending millions to protect
water supplies, nuclear plants,
bridges and other
infrastructure.
“There is a real effort to
understand the different
potential signs of terrorism
and the forms that terrorism
can take so it can be stopped,”
Khalsa said. “And as
Americans we really need to
root for it and pray that it’s
successful.”
Even U.S. servicemen and
women have to prove they
aren’t a threat. Before Sept. 11,
soldiers could drive onto
Kirtland Air Force Base in
Albuquerque with a valid decal
on their windshield. Not
Right to a
speedy and
public trial
Government may
jail Americans
indefinitely without a trial.
SOURCE: Associated Press
AP
Sept. 18
Oct. 7
Taliban leaders call on Muslims to wage holy war on United States if it attacks.
First airstrikes launched in
Afghanistan; targets include
capital of Kabul, bin Laden
training camps and Taliban
bases. Bin Laden, in videotaped message, praises God
for Sept. 11 attacks and
swears America will never
“dream of security” until “the
infidels’ armies leave the land
of Muhammad.”
Sept. 19
Pentagon orders combat aircraft to Persian Gulf bases.
American and United airlines
announce 40,000 layoffs.
Sept. 20
Air Force sergeant is killed in
heavy-equipment accident in
northern Arabian peninsula,
becoming first U.S. death in
campaign.
Sept. 24
Sept. 25
Saudi Arabia cuts ties with Taliban government.
The smoke had barely
cleared from the Pentagon and
World Trade Center before top
U.S. Justice Department
officials rushed to Capitol Hill
seeking new tools to fight
terrorism.
Attorney General John
Ashcroft told Congress that
Oct. 10
Bush announces new Cabinetlevel Office of Homeland
Security, to be led by Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Ridge.
Bush orders U.S. financial
institutions to freeze assets
of 27 groups and individuals
suspected of supporting terrorists.
CIVIL LIBERTIES
Freedom of information
Government has closed once-public
immigration hearings, has secretly
detained hundreds of people without
charges, and has
encouraged bureaucrats to
resist public records
requests.
▼
The altered landscape of life
in America post-Sept. 11 might
be most evident in the nation’s
airports.
“We will never get back to
normal,” said Dewey Cave,
aviation director at the
Albuquerque International
Sunport. “People will have to
rethink what normal is.”
Before the attacks, the
biggest hassle of moving
through an airport, aside from
long lines at the ticket counter,
was fishing loose change from
our pockets at the metal
detectors.
Now, airline passengers are
asked to remove their shoes
for inspection and submit to
full-body patdowns.
Security workers wearing
rubber gloves rifle through
our bags at random.
Personal items that seemed
harmless before — scissors
and corkscrews — now are
considered dangerous.
Friends and relatives can no
longer walk with travelers to
departure gates, or meet them
as they step off a plane.
The people who work at
security checkpoints in
airports are changing, too.
Federal security screeners
slowly, but steadily, replace
private agents, as required by
new air safety rules imposed
by the federal government.
Albuquerque International
Sunport is slated to have
federal screeners on the job by
the end of this month, Cave
said.
Eventually, massive, hightech machines will check all
luggage for explosives. Today,
bags are screened at random.
The change will cost taxpayers
billions and require major
renovations to many U.S.
airports.
The friendly skies aren’t as
anymore.
“They don’t just wave you
through anymore; you have to
show an I.D.,” said 2nd Lt.
Kelley Jeter, Kirtland
spokeswoman.
The stepped-up security is
probably more evident in the
nation’s capital than in any
other city in America.
Washington’s myriad
monuments, museums and
federal buildings have
morphed into a gantlet of
concrete barriers, X-ray
machines and police officers.
Five streets between the U.S.
Capitol and U.S. House offices
are permanently closed to
traffic. Police officers man the
perimeter of the Capitol
around the clock.
Mohammed Atta and his
gang of terrorists stripped
Americans of the ability to
move freely in their capital.
Self-guided Capitol tours —
once among Washington’s most
popular tourist draws — no
longer are allowed. Only
members of Congress, Capitol
staff and media can move
throughout the building
without an escort.
“You can no longer just walk
in and wander around the
building,” said Lt. Dan Nichols,
spokesman for the U.S. Capitol
police. “But we still have one
of the most accessible capitols
in the world.”
To some, the limited access
is a gloomy fact of life, postSept. 11.
“It’s just another obstacle
between us and our leaders,”
said Mark Armiger, a tourist
from Georgia who stood in line
with his two smiling children
for a guided Capitol tour last
month. “It’s sad.”
America’s borders with
Mexico and Canada are seeing
an infusion of new security as
the government scrambles to
better monitor who is coming
and going.
The Immigration and
Naturalization Service has
improved its ability to track
down immigrants who have
overstayed their visas and is
now adding their names to a
national database previously
used for criminals.
President Bush has asked
Congress for money to hire an
extra 800 agents at U.S.
borders and ports of entry. The
horror of Sept. 11 had at least
one silver lining for America’s
border agents — more money
from the federal government
to do their jobs.
“Resources that we have
long needed, as a result of 911, are finally beginning to
flow,” said Jim Coleman,
director of the New Mexico
Border Authority.
Oct. 11
Sept. 27
Bush announces plan to bolster airline security, including
expanded use of federal marshals on airliners.
Sept. 28
U.N. Security Council
approves U.S.-sponsored res-
olution demanding all nations
take sweeping action against
terrorism.
disease since 1976; five people eventually die from
anthrax infections.
U.S. troops, aircraft are
deployed in Pakistan despite
Islamic protests.
Oct. 5
Oct. 6
Oct. 14
Tabloid photo editor Robert
Stevens dies of anthrax in
Florida, in nation’s first known
case of inhalation version of
Army dispatches 1,000 soldiers to Uzbekistan, which
borders Afghanistan.
Bush rejects Taliban offer to
discuss turning over bin
Laden if U.S. ends bombing in
Afghanistan.
Oct. 15
Officials announce anthrax
spores are found in letter to
Senate Majority Leader Tom
Daschle.
Oct. 16
United States, Pakistan
announce support for multiethnic, democratically elected
government in Afghanistan.
We remember
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002
law enforcement had an
urgent need for more
surveillance and detention
powers. President Bush used
executive powers to detain
hundreds of suspected
terrorists without formal
charges.
“Every day that passes with
outdated statutes and the old
rules of engagement is a day
that terrorists have a
competitive advantage,”
Ashcroft told a House panel.
The USA PATRIOT Act,
rushed into law six weeks
after Sept. 11, dismayed civil
libertarians who feared
language in the new law could
stifle political dissent and
demonstration.
Nancy Chang, senior
litigation attorney for the
Center for Constitutional
Rights and author of a new
book called “Silencing Political
Dissent: How Post-Sept. 11
Anti-Terrorism Measures
Threaten our Civil Liberties,”
argued that ordinary
Americans could get snared
under the new laws.
The act greatly expands the
federal government’s ability to
track e-mail and Internet
usage and provides for “roving
wiretaps,” meaning a single
warrant can now be used to tap
multiple phone lines in
multiple locations.
“The PATRIOT Act expands
government’s ability to
conduct surveillance not only
on terrorists and people with
ties to terrorists, but in some
cases it allows government to
get the records of Americans
with absolutely no ties to
terrorism,” Chang said.
The new law allows the
attorney general to detain for
a week without formal charges
anyone who the government
has “reasonable grounds to
believe” is a terrorist or
national security threat.
Hundreds of immigrants —
mostly Muslim foreign
nationals — were detained in
the weeks and months after
Sept. 11. Almost all have been
released without charges,
Chang said.
President Bush has also
come under fire for seeking
secret deportation hearings as
well as military tribunals for
suspected terrorists.
Most Americans seem to
accept or support the new
laws.
A Gallup-CNN-USA Today
poll conducted in June found
only 11 percent of respondents
thought the Bush
administration had gone too
far in restricting civil
liberties. Fifty percent
credited the administration
with striking a good balance
with new laws. Another 25
percent said the laws hadn’t
gone far enough.
A few of the more
controversial provisions in the
PATRIOT Act are set to expire
in 2005, meaning Congress will
have to reauthorize them to
stay on the books. Only time
will tell if the changes were
prudent.
“Our history is full of
examples of instances when
we’ve overreached in times of
crisis and sacrificed civil
liberties in ways that we later
regret,” Chang said.
MILITARY
The Sept. 11 attacks helped
trigger immediate and longterm change in U.S. armed
forces and strategy.
“Current and future enemies
ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL 9
“September 11
became the driving
force for change
because it completely
altered many of our
assumptions about the
nature of war and how
we would take it on.”
HARLAN ULLMAN,
WASHINGTON DEFENSE
ANALYST
intelligence without
cooperation,” Plesch said.
POLITICS,
GOVERNMENT
DEAN HANSON/JOURNAL
AIR SECURITY: Armed military security personnel quickly became part of the scene at U.S. airports after the Sept. 11 terrorist
hijackings. Members of the U.S. Air Force Security Police checked passenger tickets at Albuquerque International Sunport in April.
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
BORDER PATROLS: National Guard troops, like these assigned to a port of entry at El Paso earlier this year, were ordered to U.S. borders after Sept. 11 to help federal border officials with
inspections and security at porous U.S. border crossings.
will seek to strike the United
States and U.S. Forces in novel
and surprising ways,” Defense
Secretary Donald Rumsfeld
wrote in his annual report to
the president last month. “Now
is precisely the time to make
changes. The attacks on Sept.
11 lent urgency to this
endeavor.”
In fact, Rumsfeld was
talking transformation well
before Sept. 11. President
Bush campaigned for the Oval
Office on a pledge to make the
U.S. military lighter, faster
and more lethal. When
jetliners crashed into the
World Trade Center towers
and Pentagon, it put those
plans on fast-forward,
according to several military
analysts.
“September 11 became the
driving force for change
because it completely altered
many of our assumptions
about the nature of war and
how we would take it on,” said
Harlan Ullman, a Washington
defense analyst and author of
the new book “Unfinished
Business: Afghanistan, the
Middle East and Beyond —
Defusing the Dangers to
American Security.”
But change doesn’t come
easily at the Pentagon, a
massive building that houses
23,000 employees and nearly
as many layers of
bureaucracy.
“If there is a challenge the
Pentagon has, it’s a resistance
to change,” said retired Rear
Admiral Stephen Baker, a
military analyst and former
chief of staff of U.S. Naval
Forces.
Baker said the military
already was moving away
from the old ways of thinking
of war, in which battles
between nations were waged
in fairly predictable ways:
large troop movements, waves
of air assaults and support
from the water.
Since Sept. 11, the war in
Afghanistan has illustrated the
need for better intelligence
about the enemy, more precise
weaponry and even more
sophisticated soldiers, said
Marcus Corbin, a defense
analyst for the Center for
Defense Information in
Washington.
Some future soldiers might
be trained in foreign
Oct. 26
Oct. 28
Oct. 31
Bush signs USA PATRIOT Act,
an anti-terrorism bill giving
police unprecedented ability to
search, seize, detain and
eavesdrop in pursuit of possible terrorists. Officials
announce the discovery of
trace anthrax at State Department and CIA buildings.
Thousands of relatives of
World Trade Center victims
gather at the site for the first
official memorial.
American Red Cross stops
accepting donations to terrorism victims fund after raising
more than a half-billion
dollars.
Oct. 29
Bush announces terroristtracking task force to keep
foreigners who are planning
attacks from entering
America.
Nov. 7
Federal agents raid U.S. businesses suspected of helping
funnel millions of dollars to
bin Laden’s network. Bush
languages and be adept at
diplomacy, Corbin said.
Corbin and Baker also said
the military should make its
different branches more
complementary to each other.
American weaponry and
gadgetry is already so far
superior to other nations that
many experts think it’s more
important to focus on how to
put those weapons to their best
use rather than making the
arsenal even more advanced.
“Excessive emphasis on
super high-tech gear may be
misplaced,” Corbin said.
“There should be equal
emphasis on making better
strategy for different
components of warfare and
working with allies better.
“The human intelligence side
— figuring out what makes
(the enemy) work — is
important. That’s more
important than having the next
wave of hardware developed,”
Corbin said.
FOREIGN POLICY
Sept. 11 altered the
geopolitical landscape in ways
no one could have imagined.
America suddenly was a
victim, a role it hadn’t had on
such a large scale since Pearl
Harbor. Suddenly, al-Qaida
appeared to be the nation’s
greatest threat.
U.S. relations with Russia,
which had thawed
considerably since the end of
the Cold War, became even
warmer as President Vladimir
Putin traveled to Washington
to offer his nation’s help in
fighting terror.
Before Sept. 11, it seemed
China could become America’s
new antagonist on the global
stage. But Sept. 11 changed
that, foreign policy experts
said.
“China also has a stake in
seeing that the al-Qaida
phenomenon doesn’t get out of
hand,” said James Lindsay, a
senior fellow in foreign policy
studies at the Brookings
Institution. “It’s created some
potential for cooperation.”
America’s traditional allies
rallied to its side. But despite
Bush’s call for international
cooperation in the war against
terrorism, the U.S. has forged
ahead mostly alone.
Dan Plesch, an author and
leading foreign policy analyst
for the Royal United Services
Institute, a British think tank,
said the U.S. has alienated its
allies in the war on terrorism.
“In the month or two after
Sept. 11 there was a great
sense of cooperation and
empathy, but the Bush
administration has squandered
international sympathy by the
way it’s behaved since
September 11,” Plesch said.
He said the best weapon in
the war on terrorism is
information. And as long as
America refuses help from
other countries and takes a goit-alone approach to foreign
affairs, information about the
real bad guys could be hard to
come by.
He said America should do
more to work with its allies, to
bring them into the fold on the
war on terrorism. But Plesch
and some other analysts think
the Bush administration has
resisted help so it won’t have
to include other countries in
its decisions.
“You can’t get good
asks at least nine countries to
freeze assets that aid bin
Laden and al-Qaida.
enter Kabul after flight of Taliban forces that had ousted
them in 1996.
Nov. 9
Nov. 19
Taliban abandon strategic
northern Afghan city of Mazare-Sharif, allowing the northern
alliance to take control.
Bush signs law to hire 28,000
federal workers to screen passengers and baggage at major
airports.
Nov. 13
Nov. 25
Northern alliance troops
First wave of Marines lands
Ten hours after jetliners
slammed into the Pentagon
and World Trade Center,
shaken members of Congress
gathered on the steps of the
U.S. Capitol to pray.
“We are shoulder to
shoulder,” House Minority
Leader Richard A. Gephardt
told reporters at the time. “We
are in complete agreement and
we will act together as one.
There is no division between
the parties, the Congress and
the president.”
Indeed, in the first few
weeks after Sept. 11, it seemed
terrorists had done the
impossible — united the
fiercely antagonistic political
partisans on Capitol Hill.
That solidarity has waned, as
patriotic fervor has given way
to the divisive nature of
budget battles and political
campaigns. But Washington
does seem to be a slightly
more civil place.
“The tone has changed
somewhat as a result of
September 11,” said Rep. Tom
Udall, D-N.M. “We have more
civility in Congress. That’s a
good thing, and I hope it lasts
for a very long time.”
Udall said the attacks
underscored the importance of
his job.
“One of the things you
realize is how serious and
important the issues are that
the Congress deals with,”
Udall said. “It shows the
importance of our national
legislature in all of our lives.
That wasn’t quite as dramatic
before September 11.”
Albuquerque Mayor Martin
Chávez said city emergency
workers have a greater sense
of importance than before.
“They feel a little more
appreciated,” the mayor said.
And government itself
seems relevant again, Chávez
said.
“There is little question now
that government matters.”
Rep. Heather Wilson, RN.M., said Sept. 11 changed the
agenda in Congress. Military
budgets, counter-terrorism
proposals, new law
enforcement laws and the
creation of a proposed new
Department of Homeland
Security dominated the
calendar.
Wilson also said the tragedy
forced many of us to focus on
things that really matter —
family, friends, preserving the
American way of life.
“In many ways, we are not
just a safer America, but a
better America,” she said. ■
near Taliban stronghold of
Kandahar. CIA officer Johnny
Spann killed by rioting prisoners at Mazar-e-Sharif, in the
first death of an American in
action in Afghanistan.
Dec. 1:
Northern alliance forces turn
over to U.S. custody John
Walker Lindh, an American
who fought with the Taliban.
10
We remember
ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002
W E A RY H E R O E S
N E W Y O R K F I R E F I G H T E R S T R Y T O G O B A C K T O W H AT T H E Y D O E V E R Y
D AY — P R E PA R I N G F O R C ATA S T R O P H E A N D S AV I N G L I V E S
Of the Journal
N
EW YORK — The kitchen
table in the Queens firehouse is a wood oval, its
most dominant feature the
insignia of Engine Co. 312, 49th Battalion, the “Hell Gate Gang.” The
table is in the rear of the firehouse, a
cramped and dank two-story brick
building built in 1928. The kitchen
table is the nucleus of the firehouse,
the core around which everything
else revolves.
The firehouse sits at the end of a
block of brick houses that stretch into
the hazy nighttime infinity of a brutal
heat wave. More than 2 million people
live in Queens. A Queens College
demographic expert said it is a good
place to live, a good place for families. The last known residence of a
Sept. 11 hijacker is five blocks from
the firehouse.
On this Monday night, Firefighter
Steve Vano cooked chicken marsala
served on a super-size bed of noodles
that suggested no small eaters need
apply.
The loudspeaker blared: “Chow’s
on!”
The firemen gathered around the
table — Battalion Chief Jerry Tracy,
Captain Paul Samodulski, Eddie
Ganassa, Jimmy Roy, Steve Vano, Jim
Morris, Miguel Gutierrez, who is a
“proby” (a probationary firefighter,
new on the job). Gutierrez will not
say a word during dinner. Firefighters say it’s hard to come in and be
part of a firehouse right away. If
you’re the new guy, it takes a little
while to find your place in the house,
and especially in the kitchen.
Firefighters live together; they
often see more of each other than
they do their families. The kitchen
table is where they eat, hold training
sessions, get marriage counseling,
athletic coaching instruction, automotive repair advice, vacation planning
tips. It’s where they bust each other’s
chops nonstop, a rowdy humor in
which you keep up or get run over.
“Absolutely, it’s a family relationship,” Battalion Chief Tracy said.
Smokey, the firehouse dog, sleeps
near Tracy’s feet. He came from a
junkyard in Rockaway as a pup. Long,
matted hair, legs grimy and dark, he
might have some sheep dog in him. A
neighborhood complaint once brought
an ultimatum: “Neuter him or kill
him.” Smokey had been sowing wild
oats in Queens. They neutered him.
Someone mentioned David Halberstam’s book “Firehouse,” about the
40/35 — Engine 40, Ladder 35, in Manhattan. It sent 13 firemen to the
World Trade Center. One came out
alive.
Steve Vano said, “Yeah, I read it. It
was good.”
Captain Paul Samodulski said,
“Nah, I don’t read any of that stuff.
It’s too emotional for me.” Then he
went back to his chicken marsala and
didn’t say anything else.
Three hundred and forty-three firefighters died on Sept. 11.
“Life goes on. We’re refocused,”
Tracy said. “Emotionally, we’re in a
lot of places. We’re trying to do our
best to take a look at one another
because we’re all family. We’re trying
SHAWN BALDWIN/SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL
FIREFIGHTER’S THERAPY: Firefighter Tiernach Cassidy shows his tattoo of the World Trade Center while he stands
next to a firetruck in lower Manhattan in New York last month. The names of the men from his firehouse who died on
Sept. 11, 2001, are on the left. “The emotional experience I went through made me feel like I needed to do something more than counseling and therapy. I needed to go through a little bit of pain,” Cassidy said.
to see if we’re all OK emotionally.
Some hide it better than others. I
don’t hear a lot of the anger and frustration being vented anymore.”
It was bad enough at the Father’s
Day fire in Queens last year. A hardware store blew up. The explosion
knocked down a brick wall, killing
two firefighters; a third fell through
the collapsed floor. He called on the
radio. He was trapped in the basement. They couldn’t get to him in
time. Three dead in June. Then came
September.
“I guess it is like combat,” Tracy
said. “We get ready for war every
day. Our protective equipment is like
battle gear, our weapons are hose
lines and tools and water.”
HEALING IN PHASES
Captain Mike Stein drives a new
Ford Excursion. On a rear panel
window, gold lettering announces the
vehicle’s uniqueness: “A Gift to the
F.D.N.Y. from the Citizens of New
Mexico and 92.3 KRST.” Stein’s
vehicle had been destroyed at the
World Trade Center. The
Albuquerque country music station
Dec. 5
Dec. 28
Three American soldiers are
killed by “smart” bomb dropped
by B-52 near Kandahar.
Bush signals bin Laden may
never be caught, saying “Our
objective is more than bin
Laden.”
Dec. 7
Taliban forces begin surrendering in Kandahar.
Dec. 10:
Marines move back to American
Embassy in Kabul after 12-year
absence.
Dec. 11
First criminal charges in Sept.
11 attacks are brought against
Zacarias Moussaoui.
Dec. 15
Last piece of World Trade
Center facade is pulled down.
Dec. 22
British citizen Richard Reid
allegedly tries to blow up Miamibound jet using bomb hidden in
shoe. Karzai and his transitional government sworn in.
raised funds to buy a new truck.
Stein tells a story about 9-11. Like
so many combat stories, it is about
luck.
His younger brother Paul, a
firefighter, drove that day when they
responded from Brooklyn. Everyone
in the truck was hollering at Paul,
telling him which way to turn, which
street to take next. Someone said turn
left. Paul turned right. They got
caught in traffic. It slowed them a
few minutes. They missed being in
the first tower when it fell. A wrong
turn, they live.
Stein pointed to an empty space in
the Manhattan skyline where the
towers should be.
“They were right there,” he said.
“It’s strange. Some days it’s like it
never happened; other days it’s like it
happened yesterday.”
Steve Gillespie slept at home that
morning. He works in a firehouse in
the Bronx, near Yankee Stadium.
Everyone in it died.
“My guys drove a long way to die in
the Trade Center,” he said.
The grieving phases change for him
as time passes. Two weeks ago, he
would not have been able to talk
about it; now, for reasons he can’t
explain, he can get a sentence out
without crying.
“We have to find a way to live with
it,” he said. “Comprehending it might
not happen. I spoke to somebody
yesterday and I used the word
‘disbelief’ because I still can’t believe
the buildings fell down. We talk about
it all the time amongst ourselves. We
talk about it mostly at work because
it’s just guys at work and the
firehouse is a safe place.”
Nearly 3,000 people died in New
York on Sept. 11, more than 10
percent were firefighters. Gillespie
distills the math in order to manage
it.
“I have to deal with a smaller
number — the six guys from my
firehouse and their families,” he said.
“Three hundred and forty-three is a
lot of people; six is a lot of people; I
knew more than 80 on a first-name
basis. I deal with the six, the 80 I
knew, the 25 from Special Operations.
I have to break it down that way.”
He doesn’t read the books that have
been written. He said the families of
firefighters have been drawn closer.
He doesn’t believe the public can
ever have any real understanding of
what happened in “our semi-closed
world.” Before that morning, too
many people thought firefighters
spent their time polishing trucks and
playing pinochle. But “for 100 years”
they did the same job they did that
day, the same job they do now.
He quotes a fireman: “Before Sept.
11, nobody really knew what a
fireman did unless you had a fire in
your house. On Sept. 11, the entire
world had a fire in its house.”
DEALING WITH IT
Stein and Lt. Larry Monachelli pull
over to the curb on 35th Street in
Manhattan. Three German tourists
ask if it’s all right to take the
firefighters’ picture. Stein tells them
to go ahead. He’s used to it, especially
with the tourists in Manhattan.
When he and Monachelli drove the
new truck back from New Mexico,
someone tried to give them money at
a 7-Eleven in Ohio.
▼
BY JIM BELSHAW
Jan. 4, 2002
U.S. military loses its first
member to hostile action when
an Army Special Forces
sergeant is killed near Khost,
Afghanistan.
Jan. 9
Seven Marines are killed when
a tanker plane crashes into a
mountain in Pakistan.
Feb. 13
Lindh pleads innocent to a 10count federal indictment charging him with aiding bin Laden’s
terrorist network.
Feb. 17
Federal government assumes
control of security checkpoints
at the nation’s 429 commercial
airports.
ZACARIAS MOUSSAOUI
RICHARD REID
March 4
many Taliban and al-Qaida fighters slip through dragnet and
seek refuge in Pakistan.
Carlsbad, N.M., native Senior
Airman Jason Cunningham is
killed while treating wounded
servicemen atop a southeast
Afghanistan mountain. He is later awarded the Air Force Cross
— the Air Force’s highest
honor.
March 18
U.S. commanders declare end
of Operation Anaconda, the
largest U.S.-led ground operation in Afghan campaign, but
May 25
Two 20-foot beams from the
collapsed World Trade Center
arrive in Albuquerque. They will
be used to help build a new bell
tower for a demolished Barelas
church.
50
We remember
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002
ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL 11
SHAWN BALDWIN/SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL
SHAWN BALDWIN/SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL
SACRED PLACE: Firefighters Jim Morris, left, Miguel Gutierrez, center, and Capt. Paul Samodulski chat during dinner at their firehouse in the Queens borough of New York last month. “The
kitchen table in a firehouse is almost like a great source of counseling by itself. … It helps (firefighters) give a voice to what they’re feeling. The kitchen table is a sacred place, so to speak,”
firefighter Bob Kelly said.
DIFFERENT PICTURE: Firefighters Capt. Mike Stein, left, and Lt. Larry Monachelli prepare to
re-enact a photo that was taken of them on Sept. 11, 2001, across the street from the World
Trade Center complex in New York. The truck behind them was given to them by Albuquerque
radio station 92.3 KRST and donations from New Mexicans.
“A guy sticks out a $20 bill,”
Monachelli said. “We thank
him and tell him we can’t be
taking money from people.”
Stein and Monachelli eat
lunch at a firehouse on West
19th Street. Large plates are
filled with a “taco salad” that
does serious damage to the
concept of a “salad.” The
chatter begins immediately.
“Hey, Tattoo Boy! Show ’em
the back,” somebody says.
Firefighter Tiernach Cassidy
pulls off his shirt. A tattoo
mural spreads across the
width of his back. It begins at
the shoulders, cascades down
and disappears beneath the
waistline of his dark blue
pants. Fire and smoke belch
from the World Trade Center
towers in the middle of his
back; the names of the five
who died from his firehouse
run down the left side.
“I was there that day,” he
said. “The emotional
experience I went through
made me feel like I needed to
do something more than
counseling and therapy. I
needed to go through a little
bit of pain. So that’s what I did.
Nobody tried to talk me out of
it. The only person worried
about it was my mother. When
she saw it, she broke down
crying because she knew some
of the guys we lost in the
house. She thought it was
beautiful.”
Approximately 5,000 of the
9,000 men and women in the
fire department have spoken
with a counselor at least once.
Two days a week at the Fire
Academy on Randall’s Island,
Firefighter Bob Kelly gives a
classroom overview of the
counseling services available.
He has been a fireman for 23
years; his father, Emmett,
retired after 34 years on the
job; his younger brother, Tom,
a fireman for 14 years, died on
Sept. 11.
“I can’t believe it’s a year
already,” Kelly said. “I can’t
believe I have to entertain
thoughts of a memorial
service, an annual event. It’s
too sudden for me. To me, it
happened last week. I
personally don’t need to be
reminded because it hasn’t left
my mind at all. I was down
there every day for seven
months. I don’t need a
reminder.”
He sees frustration in the
firefighters coming in for
counseling. They know they’re
“not right” and throw a
barrage of questions at
counselors.
The model often looked to is
Vietnam and post-traumatic
stress disorder, but Kelly sees
advantages firefighters have
that the Vietnam veterans
didn’t.
“We have the firehouse,” he
said. “We have each other at
the kitchen table. Actually, the
kitchen table in a firehouse is
almost like a great source of
counseling by itself. They talk
about what’s going on, how
they’re handling things. It
helps break things down for
guys. It helps them give a
voice to what they’re feeling.
The kitchen table is a sacred
place, so to speak.”
Kelly is physically large, a
big man. He speaks
thoughtfully, carefully chosen
words underscored by
reflection and sadness. He said
he couldn’t talk about
counseling five days a week
and agreed to come in on two
days to give the briefings. On
the other three he returns to
his firehouse.
“I’m doing OK, but it’s a hard
thing, it’s a difficult thing,” he
said. “You have good days, you
have bad days. Every day
there’s a point of sadness. But
I think I’m in a better place
now than I was six months ago.
We have to move forward. I
think it’s our job as New
Yorkers to move forward. It’s
good that we keep going.”
The fire department will
hold a memorial service in
October to honor those who
died on Sept. 11 and nine other
firefighters killed in the line of
duty since the FDNY’s last
memorial service held in
October 2000.
“We hug one another,”
Battalion Chief Jerry Tracy
said. “You know, firefighters,
men hugging one another —
you see that. I laugh because I
grew up Irish and until I
became a firefighter, I didn’t
do anything like that. Now I go
back to my true family, my
blood brothers, and I hug
them. Before that, we never
hugged. We were Irish, we
were distant. Yeah, that’s a
change.” ■
DEAN HANSON/JOURNAL
A NEW SKYLINE: The skyline of lower Manhattan as seen from New Jersey nearly a year following the attacks.
May 28
July 27
Last standing steel beam from
trade center is cut down during ceremony for ground zero workers.
Sandia High School graduate Sgt.
1st Class Christopher J. Speer of
the Army’s Special Forces is
wounded in a fourhour gun battle
with a dozen Taliban and al-Qaida
fighters at an enemy compound
about seven miles
east of Khost,
SPEER
Afghanistan. He
later dies of his
wounds at a hospital in Germany.
June 19
Loya Jirga, Afghanistan’s Grand
Council, completes work on new
government.
July 1
U.S. air raid in Uruzgan province
kills 46 civilians, including 25 at a
wedding party, according to Afghan
government. U.S. military says
forces came under anti-aircraft fire
and acknowledges civilian
casualties.
July 15
Lindh pleads guilty to supplying services to Taliban and carrying explosives during commission of a
felony and agrees to cooperate
with terrorism investigations.
Aug. 15
More than 600 family members of
Sept. 11 victims file a trillion-dollar
federal lawsuit against Saudi officials and institutions.
Aug. 17
Moussaoui trial is delayed until
Jan. 6, 2003.
July 15
A ceremony ends 10 months of
sifting through trade center ruins.
— Compiled from Journal wire and
Internet sources
12
We remember
ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002
PA G E S O F H I S T O RY
On Sept. 11, 2001, the Journal for the first time produced an Extra
edition — an eight-page section that hit newsstands that afternoon.
Its stories and photos chronicled the terrorist attacks, their immediate aftermath, local reaction and potential repercussions. The edition sold out within hours.
Over the next few days, the Journal’s front pages took on a new look
to better communicate the significance and impact of each day’s
events. Gone was the traditional format of multiple stories, photos
and headlines, replaced by poster-size images and simple headlines.
Here are a few.
BLACK RED YELLOW BLUE
C M YK
P LE AS E U PD AT E C HA NGE S!!!
D A TE : XX X
D O C U M EN T: XX X
S E C TIO N : X XX
P U B . D AT E XX X
S L U G : XX X
W H ER E : RUSS MA C
A R T IS T: RUS S
D E S IG NE R : XX X
P R O G R A M ; fr ee hand qua rk
S IZE : X XX
C O L O R -S EP S : XX X
F O NT S : XX X
BLACK RED YELLOW BLUE
ATTACK ON THE U.S.: SPECIAL COVERAGE
E X T R A
C M YK
P LE AS E U PD AT E C HA NGE S!!!
D A TE : XX X
D O C U M EN T: XX X
S E C TIO N : X XX
P U B . D AT E XX X
S L U G : XX X
W H ER E : RUSS MA C
A R T IS T: RUS S
D E S IG NE R : XX X
P R O G R A M ; fr ee hand qua rk
S IZE : X XX
C O L O R -S EP S : XX X
F O NT S : XX X
HOME-OWNED
AND
HOME-OPERATED
121ST YEAR, NO. 255
HOME-OWNED
AND
HOME-OPERATED
■
MADE
IN THE
■
48 PAGES
IN
TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 11, 2001
Copyright © 2001, Journal Publishing Co.
■
MADE
IN THE
U.S.A.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001
NORTH
Copyright © 2001, Journal Publishing Co.
■
★★★★
Daily 50 cents
A NEW DAY OF
U.S.A.
121ST YEAR, NO. 254-EXTRA
■
6 SECTIONS
Daily 50 cents
INFAMY
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS IMAGE TAKEN FROM ABC TELEVISION
DIRECT HIT: A United Airlines aircraft is seen as it is about to fly into the second tower of the World Trade Center. A ball of flames explodes after the plane hits. The first tower is in the foreground.
“Today,
Under Attack
our nation
saw evil.
”
Bush Vows U.S. Will ‘Hunt Down’ Terrorists
PRESIDENT BUSH
CARMEN TAYLOR/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
SECONDS BEFORE: United Flight 175 from Boston lines up with the World Trade Center’s south tower in New York minutes after 9 a.m. Tuesday.
S
tunned Americans grieved for the
thousands killed Tuesday in the deadliest terrorist attack in history. They
drew a collective breath as the assaults on
New York and Washington, D.C., evoked
memories of Pearl Harbor. Much of the
government closed and air travel was shut
down, along with the financial markets.
Americans sought news of missing loved
ones, gathered in prayer, donated blood and
worried about the safety of our cities and our
skies. And there were so many questions.
Who did this, and why? How could it have
CHAD RACHMAN/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
NEW YORK UNDER ATTACK: Smoke billows over the New York skyline after two planes crashed into the World Trade Center, collapsing the twin 110-story towers. A plane also hit the Pentagon.
happened? How will America respond?
Inside
Inside
Devastation
State of confusion
Second assault
Terrorists crash airliners into
N.Y. World Trade Center towers, Pentagon hit in massive,
unprecedented attack on
U.S.; President Bush says
terrorism “will not stand.”
N.M. bases on alert, but FBI says there
is no specific danger to state.
Terrorists tried and failed in
1993 to blow up the symbolic “towers of the West”
from below. Today, a terrorist attack — this one from
the sky — succeeded.
Page 4
Shocked, stranded Sunport travelers
scramble for news, hotels, rental cars.
Page 5
Page 2
Search begins
N.M. reacts
What went wrong
Bush vows to “hunt down
and pursue those responsible”; U.S. security experts
try to figure out who’s to
blame — and how officials
missed any warning signs.
Security tightens across
state; New Mexicans
visiting D.C. “heard the
noise, felt the shudder.”
Anatomy of the attack: a
time line of Tuesday’s
terror, from the hijackings
to the explosions.
A9, A10, A11
A8
Page 8
A3, A5
BLACK RED YELLOW BLUE
BLACK RED YELLOW BLUE
Sept. 11, 2001
Sept. 12, 2001
C M YK
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HOME-OPERATED
121ST YEAR, NO. 256
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ATTACK ON THE U.S.: SPECIAL COVERAGE
ATTACK ON THE U.S.: SPECIAL COVERAGE
HOME-OWNED
IN THE
U.S.A.
7 SECTIONS
THURSDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 13, 2001
FINAL
Copyright © 2001, Journal Publishing Co.
■
★★★★
Daily 50 cents
HOME-OWNED
AND
HOME-OPERATED
121ST YEAR, NO. 258
■
88 PAGES
IN
■
MADE
IN THE
7 SECTIONS
The Day After
“acts of war;” Congress says
“do whatever it takes”
TERRORIST PLANS: White House and
Air Force One were among targets
EMPTY SKIES: Air travelers in
Albuquerque and across the nation
remain grounded
FIRST BREAK
Federal officials
make the first arrest
in this week’s
terrorist attacks
A2
SEEKING UNITY
New Mexico joins
the nation in a day
of prayer and
remembrance
A4,A5
N.Y. digs out
The investigation
Rescue workers begin
removing bodies and debris
Federal officials start to
unravel the deadly terrorist plot
Sept. 13, 2001
U.S.A.
SATURDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 15, 2001
FINAL
Copyright © 2001, Journal Publishing Co.
Finding
TOUGH STAND: Bush brands attacks
A3
SECONDS AFTER: A fireball explodes from the south tower after the United jet airliner crashes into the building. The tower collapsed around 10 a.m.
A4
Sept. 15, 2001
Strength
rest of the world hears
“The
you. And the people who
knocked these buildings down
will hear all of us soon!
”
PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH
TO CHEERING RESCUE WORKERS
■
★★★★
Daily 50 cents