EXECUTIVE ORDER 9066-February19,1942
WHEREAS the successful prosecution of tbe war required nery possible Prrotection against
espionage and against sabotage to national-defense materials, national-defense premises,
and national-defense utilities, as defined:
NOW, THEREFORE, by yirtue of the authority 'Vested in me as Preside I of tbe United
States, and Commander in Chief of tbe Army and Nny, I bereby autborlze and direct tbe
Secretary of War, and tbe Military commanders whom be may from time t~ time designate,
whenner he or any designated Commander deems such action necessar"li or desirable, to
prescribe militJIry areas in such places and of such extent as he or the ap~ropriate Military
Commander may determine, from wbicb any or sll persons may be excluded, and with
respect to wbicb, tbe rigbt of any persons to enter, remain in, or lea'Ve s all be subject to
whBtenr restrictions tbe Secretary of War or the appropriate Military . ommander may
of any such area who are excluded therefrom, sucb transportation, food, heller, and otber
accommodations as may be necessary, in the judgement of the Secretary 0 War, of the said
Military Commander, and until other arrangements are made, to accompJ" h the purpose of
tbis order. Tbe designation of military areas in all}, region or localit shall supersede
designations of probibited and restricted areas by tbe Attorney G~neraJ uoder the
proclamations of December 7 and 8, 1941, and sball supersede the r~ponsibility and
authority of tbe Attorney General under tbe said Prodamations in respect of such
probibited liod restricted areas.
I benby further authorize !lnd direct the Secretary of War and tihe said MiJitary
Commanders to take sucb otber steps as be or the appropriate Military ~ommander may
deem adyisable to enforce compliance witb tbe restrictions applicable to e ch Military area
bereinabon autborized to be designated, including the use of Federal oops and other
Federal Agencies, witb autbority to accept assistance of state and local agencies.
I bereby furtber authorize and direct all Executive commanders in --~arrying out this
Executin ?rder, including the furnishing of medicaJ aid, hospitalizatio~, food, clothing,
tra~orta(jon, use of laod, sbelter, and other supplies, equipment, ulili~es, facilities, lind
senlCes.
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This order shall nol be construed lIS modifying or limiting in any way tbe S!uthority
heretofore granted under Executive Order 8972, dated December 12, 1941, Dor shall it be
construed as limiting or modifying tbe duty and responsibility of the FideraJ Bureau of
In'Vestiga~~n, with respect to tbe investigation of alleged acts of sllbotag . or tbe duty and
responsibility of the Attorney General and tbe Department of J stice under tbe
Proclamations of December 7, and 8, 1941, prescribing regulations for the conduct and
control of alien enemeies, except as such duty and responsibility is superseded by the
designation of military areas hereunder.
.
February 19, 1942
-f'I1HJ!! din D. Roosevelt
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Executive Order 9066: The President AuthQrizes Japanese Relocation In an atmosphere of world War II hysteria, President Roosev e lt,
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encouraged by offici a ls at all levels of the federa+ gove rn ment,
authorized the internment of tens of thousands of Amer i can
citizens of Jap a nes e an c estry and resident aliens from Japan.
Roosevelt's Executive Ord e r 9066, dated Fe bruary 19, 194 2 , gave
the military broad powers t o ban any citizen from a' fifty- to
sixty-mile-wide coastal area stretching from Washin ~ ton sta t e to
California and extending inland into southern ArizGQc. The order
also authorized transporting these citizen s to assembly centers
hastily set up and gov e rned by the military in Ca liforni a ,
Arizona, Washington stat e , and Oregon. Although it is not well
k nown, the s a me executive ord e r ( a nd other war-time orders and
restrictions) were als o applied to small e r numbers ?f residents
o f the United States who were of Italian or German ~ e scent. For
e xample, 3,200 re s ident aliens of Italian background were
arr e sted and more than 300 of them were interned. A~out 11, 0 00
German resident s -in c luding some naturaliz e d c itiz e nf-wec e
arrested and more than 5000 we re interned. Yet w h l l~ th e s e
individuals (and others from those groups) suffered gri e v ou s
violations o f their civil liberti e s, the Vl ar-tim e meas u r e s
appli e d t o Japanese Ame ri ca ns were worse and more s 'veep ii': g
uprooting entire c o mmunitie s and targeting citi z en s as '.\'el l a s
resident aliens.
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Ex e c utive Order No . 9 0 66
The President
Executive Ord e r
Authori z ing th e Sec re ta r y of War to Prescrib e Mi l ~~ l ;~ '
Wh e re a s th e successful prosecution of the war r e qui ~e s 2 VE ~~ ' possibl e protection against espi o nage and agai:lst. s .:\ O,,;'- "' c'" t o national-def e nse material, national-defense premis ~: ­
national-d e fense utilities as defined in Secti o n ~ 20 , 1 9 1 8 , 40 Stat. 533, as amended by th e Ac t of 1 ,~,-, 1 940, 54 S tat. 1 2 20, and the Act of Augu s t 2 1, 1 9 ,] 1 J .;, ,;-, (U.S. C. , Titl e 50, Sec. 1 04);
NOlll , therefore, by virtu e of t he authorit y 'Jest e d i: ~ To: '! ' P r esident of the Unit e d St a tes, and Co mmande r in C ! i-<:, [ 0(' '_. i k Ar my and Navy, I h e ::- e by au thori z e and direct th e S '2(~::,-~ t:.:' :.- ·. ' c: : {-Ja r, and the [v!ilitar y Co mman de rs ',,,hom he ma y from l ' riiP 1' ;
... d es i gn ate, "Jhen e ver he or a ny des i gn a t e d Co mm a n det:'
t::,~rr= ; c' I : ~:~ actio :! nec ess a r y or de iL a bl e , t o presc r ibe m ' J i t ;'L.v C: . '-:C,::: i:: s uc h 9 1a ces a n d o t ;::; u h ex t e nt a s he o r the a ppr O[h .i ,~ ; ~c
. '''1:',)rnnl,-:! n ri e r ma. y de e r :r> i.n e , : -o m \'<l hic h "lny or aLl r c; 'C; I; ..·. i' " ', excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to
enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever
restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriat b Military
Commander may impose in his discretion. The Secretary of War is
hereby authorized to provide for residents of any s~ch area who
are excluded therefrom, such transportation, food, shelter, and
other accommodations as may be necessary, in the judgment of the
Secretary of War or the said Military Commander, an~ until other
arrangements are made, to accomplish the purpose of i this order.
The designation of military areas in any region or ! ocality shall
supersede designations of prohibited and restricted! areas by the
Attorney General under the Proclamations of December 7 and 8,
1941, and shall supersede the responsibility and au ~ hority of the
Attorney General under the said Proclamations in respect of such
prohibited and restricted areas.
I hereby further authorize and direct the Secretary l of War and
the said t-lilitary Commanders to take such other steps as he or
the appropriate Military Commander may deem advisab~e to enforce
compliance with the restrictions applicable to each! Military area
hereinabove authorized to be designated, including the use of
Federal troops and other Federal Agencies, with aut~ority to
accept assistance of state and local agencies.
I hereby further authorize and direct all Executive l Depcrtrne!lts,
independent establishments and other Federal Agenci~s/to assist
the Secretary of War or the said t-lilitary Commander$ in ca:crying
out this Executive Order, including the furnishing pf medical
aid, hospitalization, food, clothing, transportatioh, use ot
land, shelter, and other supplies, equipment, utili t ies,
facilities, and services.
This order shall not be construed as modifying or l ~ mitin~ ~n any
way the authority heretofore granted under Executi v Order No.
8972, dated December 12, 1941, nor shall it be construed a~
limiting or modifying the duty and responsibility ot t~·.e F,2 c "': ral
Bureau of Investigation, with respect to the inves t igatio~ o f
alleged acts of sabotage or the duty and responsibi ~ ity of the
Attorney General and the Department of Justice unde~ th~
Proclamations of December 7 and 8,1941, prescribins ~- ' ;
"~:':::
for the conduct and control of alien enemies, except~ -;;,
',. ') '-~';-j
and responsibility is superseded by the designationl ()J: ~-,l "-,.~.
areas hereunder.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
The White House,
February 19, 1942.
[F.R. Doc.
42-1563;
Filed, February 21,
Source: Executive Order NO.
1942; 12:5 1
9066, February 19,
194 2 .
O.lL
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E.O.9066 Directions: Use the provided documents and you prior knowledge to answer the following questions.
Cite evidence to support your answers.
What is the purpose of
E.O.9066?
Who isthe intended
audience?
Why was this E.O. given?
Which part of the United
States was most
affected?
Based on the
documents, why was
this part of the U.S.
targeted?
How did the affected
groups respond to E.O.
9066?
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