Name
Date
CHAPTER
21
BUILDING VOCABULARY
Absolute Monarchs in Europe
A. Multiple Choice Circle the letter before the term or name that best completes
the sentence.
1. The Catholic king of Spain who launched the Spanish Armada in an attempt to
punish Protestants in England was (a) Louis XIV (b) Philip II (c) Charles I.
2. The idea that nothing can ever be known for certain is called (a) skepticism
(b) habeas corpus (c) westernization.
3. The real ruler of France during the reign of Louis XIII was (a) Jean Baptiste Colbert
(b) Maria Teresa (c) Cardinal Richelieu.
4. The most powerful ruler in French history was (a) Frederick the Great
(b) Louis XIV (c) Peter the Great.
5. The czar who promoted the westernization of Russia was (a) Ivan the Terrible
(b) Frederick the Great (c) Peter the Great.
6. The conflict over religion, territory, and power among Europe’s ruling families
that resulted in the modern state system was the (a) War of the Spanish Succession
(b) Thirty Years’ War (c) Seven Years’ War.
B. Evaluating Write T in the blank if the statement is true. If the statement is false,
write F in the blank and then write the corrected statement on the line below.
________________________________________________________________________
____ 2. In the English Civil War, Charles I of England was defeated by a Puritan general
named Oliver Cromwell.
________________________________________________________________________
____ 3. The rule of Charles II in England is known as the Glorious Revolution because the
monarchy was brought back.
________________________________________________________________________
C. Writing Write a paragraph explaining how England’s form of government
changed after 1688 using the following terms.
absolute monarch
6 Unit 5, Chapter 21
divine right
constitutional monarchy
© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.
____ 1. Maria Teresa was the ruler of France and Frederick the Great was the ruler of Austria
during the Seven Years’ War, in which the great European powers fought one another
on three continents.
Name
Date
GEOGRAPHY APPLICATION: LOCATION
CHAPTER
21
Old Empires and New Powers
Section 3
Directions: Read the paragraphs below and study the maps carefully. Then
answer the questions that follow.
Central Europe, 1795
Vienna
ienna
KINGDOM
OF HUNGARY
HUNGAR
B
Sea
O
300 Miles
M
AN
EMPIRE
600 Kilometers
Boundary of Holy
Roman Empire
0
0
Mediterranean
8 Unit 5, Chapter 21
Sea
ti
c
Se
a
O
T
a
T
ia
Constantinople
la
ck
Sea
O
dr
Se
T
c
T
0
ck
O
dr
0
ti
la
Budapest
EMPIRE
A
A
ia
AUS
USTRIAN
TRIAN
AUSTRIAN
ienna
Vienna
Budapest
Warsaw
arsaw
B
HOLY
ROMAN
EMPIRE
PRUSSIA
Berlin
300 Miles
Constantinople
M
AN
EMPIRE
600 Kilometers
Mediterranean
Sea
© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.
POLAND
Warsaw
arsaw
Berlin
RUSSIAN
EMPIRE
al
al
B
ti
North
Sea
EA
EAST
PRUSSIA
Moscow
B
ti
North
Sea
Sea
Sea
Moscow
c
Central Europe, 1660
However, the Ottoman Empire, though crumbling
and weak, managed to maintain itself until 1922.
The 17th century saw the emergence of a new
kind of national state. These new states were built
on a strong monarch, a standing army, and a professional civil service and administration. These new
powers sought to fill the “political vacuum” created
in central Europe by the declining empires.
Leaderless populations could easily be shifted inside
the political boundaries by the monarchs of newer
national states. As a result, these new powers led by
the Hohenzollerns of Prussia, the Romanovs of
Russia, and the Hapsburgs of Austria formed or
expanded their states in the void created by the
“soft” rule of these aging empires.
These three new empires, in turn, would influence the course of European history for the next
200 years.
c
A
period of political transition in central and eastern Europe followed the end of the Thirty
Years’ War, in 1648. The declining powers of Poland,
the Holy Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire
faced not only a deterioration of their influence, but
outright extinction from Europe. Prussia, the
Russian Empire, and the Austrian Empire emerged
as powerful forces on the European continent.
The three declining powers shared many characteristics. In all of them, central power became
weak. They lacked efficient systems of government
and administration. In addition, the people in the
these empires were difficult to govern because they
consisted of many nationalities and spoke a variety
of languages. Finally, none of the empires formed
their people into a strong organization. As a result,
the Polish Republic ceased to exist in 1795, while
the Holy Roman Empire disappeared in 1806.
Old Empires and New Powers continued
Name
Interpreting Text and Visuals
1. What new power swallows the Kingdom of Hungary? ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. What empires are shown on both maps? Which increase? Which decrease? ______________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. By 1795, the lands of Poland were divided up by what other empires? ____________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Examine again the location of the Ottoman Empire. Why do you think it was able to last the
longest out of the three aging powers?______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. How many miles separate Moscow and the Russian border in 1660? 1795? ________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. What problems caused the decline of Poland, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire?
____________________________________________________________________________
© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Describe the characteristics that enabled Russia, Austria, and Prussia to rise to power. ______
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Absolute Monarchs in Europe 9