1 Authors
Transcendentalism:
o Divinity of nature
o Knowledge of ones intuition
o Individualism
Romanticism:
o Reaction against enlightenment
o Emphasizes:
a) Subjective
b) Irrational
c) Imaginative
d) Spontaneous
e) Emotional
Enlightenment:
o Celebrates Reason
Poe:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
1809-1849
Born in Boston
Lived in Baltimore
Science vs. Romance
Compulsive behavior (gambling, drinking, etc.)
Symbolism in names
Irony
Lost Love
Dark
1. Sonnet to Science
a. Science is man’s curiosity and is destroying creativity/religion.
2. The Raven
3. The Cask of Amontillado
4. Annabel Lee
Emerson (Transcendentalist):
o Divinity of nature
o Knowledge of ones intuition
o Individualism
1. Nature
2. Self-Reliance
2 Thoreau (Transcendentalist):
o He lived in the woods on Emerson’s land
o Divinity of nature
o Knowledge of ones intuition
o Individualism
1. Walden or Life in the Woods
2. Civil Disobedience
Whitman:
o City life/melting pot/ Industrial revolution
o Grew up around journalism
1. Locomotive in Winter
2. Election Day
3. When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer
I.
II.
III.
How was he a new writer?
Based on now (opposed to European influence)
Exclamation points!
Free verse
a. Allow for immediate expression
b. Repetition of words (anaphora)
Bradstreet:
o Valued husband and God/ love for them
o Puritan Literature
o Loyalty (when we live no more, will live forever (line 7))
o Love vs. Material Possessions
1. Love Upon the Burning of our House
2. To my Dear and Loving Husband
Hemingway:
o Timeless
o Manly
o Alcohol
o Women and Death (Indian Camp)
o Inspired by Transcendentalist
1. Hills Like White Elephants
2. The End of Something
3. A Very Short Story
4. Indian Camp