1/13/2015
1. Fjords

The jagged coast of Norway is
characterized by steep side inlets
Europe
V b l
Vocabulary
Vocab Challenge Answers
2. Navigable

Europe is a peninsula of peninsulas. You are never far
from a major body of water or a river on this continent.
Transportation by boat is very common since there are
many rivers on which large boats may travel.
3. Sequent occupancy

In many countries of Europe there have been successive
take-overs by various groups of people in their histories
Boundary Changes in Europe over time
4. Loess
5. Primate city


Across the fertile European Plain a very fine soil blows
Most major cities in Europe have developed near a
major waterway. These cities are the center of
government, business and culture.
1
1/13/2015
6. Push factor/famine/emigration

Thousands of Irish left their homeland when potato
crops failed to avoid starvation. Many of them
immigrated to the United States.
8. Uninhabitable

Only Greenland’s rocky coastline is fit for human
habitation. The icy interior of the island cannot support
human life.
10. Constitutional Monarchy
7. Complementary region

9. North Atlantic Drift

In the current British government, the Queen is the
head of state, but a parliament led by the Prime
Minister serves as the lawmaking branch of government.
Compared to world regions of similar latitude, much of
Europe enjoys mild climate. Winters are particularly
mild for such high latitudes.
11. Nationalized
(Infrastructure)


At one point the Czech Republic and Slovakia were one
country: Czechslovakia. Czech land had mineral
resources and industry, Slovakia was mostly agricultural.
The combining of the two made Czechoslovakia at one
time one of the top ten industrialized countries of the
world.
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain. By the 1700s,
the county had developed coal and iron mining and had
a large labor force, not to mention a great
transportation network of rivers and canals . They
dominated world trade through the 1800s. By the 1900s,
however, they lost dominance to foreign competition.
After WWII, the United Kingdom took control of many
industries to try and slow decline. This process of
government operation of business protected them from
domestic competition.
2
1/13/2015
12. Cosmopolitan

The headquarters for the EU and NATO is Brussels,
Belgium. This city has many foreign influences.
14. City states

Early Greece was the birthplace of democracy.
Civilization can be traced back to more than 2,500
years. Many Greeks lived in self-governing cities. They
made contributions to the arts, government, philosophy,
science and sports before eventually falling under the
control of outside invaders.
13. Enclaves (balkanization)

The Balkan countries of Albania, Bosnia, Croatia, Macedonia,
Montenegro, Kosovo, and Slovenia used to all be republics of a larger
Yugoslavia. The region has one of the most diverse human populations in
Europe. There one finds a complicated mix of languages and religions.
There many groups are completely surrounded by other groups. For
example, Bosnians and Albanians are Muslims surrounded by Eastern
Orthodox and Roman Catholic peoples including Serbs, Croats, and
Macedonians.
15. Micro states (tertiary
economic activity)

Many of the small states (countries) of Europe have
survived as the result of physical isolation and
international treaties. Tourism and trade (low taxes
have attracted many foreign businesses and citizens),
are the main economic activities of small countries such
as Andorra and Liechtenstein.
Monaco
16. Polders/dikes

To reclaim the land from the sea, the Netherlands has followed a process
that has increased the size of their country. First they built an earthen
sea wall to block off the water and then slowly drain the area. The newly
drained land is very salty, so they plant alfalfa and other plants to absorb
it. Eventually they have a new piece of land to farm or develop. This
process is used in other coastal areas of the world.
17. Exclave (Kalingrad)

Just south of Lithuania and the Baltic Sea is a small
piece of Russia. It is totally separate from the rest of
the country. The Russians refused to give up this access
to the Baltic Sea as the Soviet Union was breaking
apart.
3
1/13/2015
18. Renaissance

Almost a thousand years after the fall of the Roman
Empire, Italy became the center of a “re-birth” of
interest in learning and the arts. This interest spread
throughout Europe in the 1300s-1500s.
20. Socialism

During much of the last half of the 1900s, Sweden’s economy was a mix
of capitalism and also a system where the government owns and
controls the means of producing goods. Most of Sweden’s industries
remain privately owned, but the government does control some
businesses and levies high taxes which pay for a large system of
government welfare services. For example, the government pays for
almost all the educational, medical, and childcare needs of its citizens.
19. Canton/ city states/
autonomous/ neutral/
multilingual/ confederation

Switzerland is a group of states joined together for a
common purpose. Each “state: has self government for
all issues not reserved for the federal government.
Switzerland has not been involved in any recent wars or
jjoined anyy international organizations.
g
Switzerland has
four main languages and many Swiss speak many
languages.
21. Supernational Cooperation

People today travel easily between many European
countries because of the European Union, or EU. In
2009, it had 27 members. The government of the EU
stands above the government of its members. The EU
has been able to remove barriers that once made travel
between European nations complicated. In addition to
having “open” borders with each other, many EU
nations use a common form of money.
money
22. Centripital forces/Centrifugal forces

Europe is a region made up of many peoples and
countries. Throughout Europe’s history, certain forces
have brought its peoples together, while others have
pulled them apart. The EU was formed to unite
countries that had been torn apart by years of war.
war
4