Call to arms April 2013 Volume IV, Issue 4 The Newsletter of the Brunswick Civil War Round Table The President’s Corner Wally Rueckel The hardships and cruelty of the Civil War in North Carolina were brought home in last month’s presentation by Gordon McKinney, whose topic was “This part of the State is in Deplorable Condition: The Civil War in Western North Carolina.” This region was a disjointed region of mixed political loyalties, predominately low income farmers, desertions and fighting between local residents. Not what we normally hear about when studying the Civil War. You could hear a pin drop in the room as Gordon educated us on little known realities of the Civil War. Wow! Read Dan Fink’s synopsis in this newsletter to get more incite into Gordon’s program. To bring Gordon’s story to our doorsteps, you should know that two of our members had relatives who shared many of the experiences of the people in Gordon’s program. Barbara and John Lawter are members of our Round Table and John’s Great-GreatGrandfather and eight other relatives lived through the events described in Gordon’s talk, either enlisting or being drafted into the Confederate Army. They fought bravely, some deserting to return home, some being killed or wounded and one most likely participating in the brutal Shelton Laurel massacre. I encourage all of you to go on our website, click on the member/ relative section and read the story titled “Western Carolina Confederates, The Lawter Family of Henderson NC” by Jack Travis. While you are on our web site you can read about other member family stories, some famous but all interesting. If you had a relative in the Civil War, have information about them and would like their story told please contact me. Our next tour is May 11 and 12, when we will visit the battlefields of Petersburg and the retreat leading to the surrender at Appomattox. For those that have never visited these sights it is well worth a trip. Our guide/ historian will be Will Greene, our speaker at Tues. April 2nd meeting at Trinity Church. He will ...Continued next page Inside this Issue President’s Message Next Program Last Meeting Synopsis Ladies’ Dept 1-2 Spring Trip 5 Reuben Walker CW Heritage Days Grant’s Tomb Civil War Trust Park Day Membership/ Renewal Form 150 Years Ago 6 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 10 Co-Editors Charen Fink Jim McKee A PRIL 2013 Next Speaker P AGE 2 Will greene returns to speak on the 1864 overland campaign The events that took place during the Civil War between May 3 and June 3, 1864 in Virginia, and why, will be the focus of “The Overland Campaign” presentation by returning special guest speaker A. Wilson Greene. As background, on May 4, 1864, the Army of the Potomac embarked on the biggest campaign of the Civil War by crossing the Rapidan River in Virginia, precipitating a showdown that eventually helped to decide the outcome of the war. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, as commander of all Union forces had with him four corps and over 100,000 men. The plan was to move his troops around Gen. Robert E. Lee’s flank and advance beyond the Wilderness forest to engage the Confederates. His effort was slowed by the long wagon train supplying the Union troops. This delay set the stage for the epic battle between Grant and Lee. Lee attacked first, the first salvo in the biggest campaign of the war. The fighting lasted into June with the Battle of Cold Harbor. The most significant fighting occurred on June 3rd. It was one of the final battles of Grant’s Overland Campaign, and is remembered …. President cont. talk about The Overland Campaign, which is the lead-up to the siege of Petersburg and ultimate surrender by Lee to Grant. Contact Mike Powell at our next meeting or email [email protected] to sign up. On May 14, Jim McKee will conduct another of his Civil War Primers at Trinity church starting at 7 as one of American history’s bloodiest battles. Grant said of the battle in his memoirs, “I have always regretted that the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made. No advantage whatever was gained to the Civil War Soldier in Petersburg, Virginia. He is a much sought-after Civil War battlefield guide, and has authored numerous books on the Civil War, including his most recent award-winning Chris Fonvielle, Will Greene, & Jim McKee during Will’s last presentation to the BCWRT compensate for the heavy loss we sustained.” The Round Table is pleased to have Will Greene return to discuss this historical event. He is executive director of Pamplin Historical Park and The National Museum of book, “Civil War in Petersburg: Confederate City in the Crucible of War,” and “Breaking the Backbone of the Rebellion: The Final Battle of Petersburg.” pm with registration at 6:30 pm. He will talk about a broad range of topics from military preparedness, organization of the military, important leaders, and major campaigns. Please sign up at the Sutler’s table. We are always looking for volunteers. We are currently looking for someone to assist Bobbie Sullivan at the refreshments table at the June, September and October meetings and we are looking for someone to assist Norm Praet and Peter Derochers at the registration table on meeting nights. Please co ntact eit her o f them. [email protected] or [email protected] . A PRIL 2013 Speaker Synopsis P AGE 3 Gordon McKinney: A History of Western North Carolina in the Civil War By Dan Fink Western North Carolina is so far “West” that there was almost a war within the State. Gordon helps us make some sense out of the word “commitment” (or lack thereof). We are so young as a nation, having only three gen- erations covering our entire history, that no strong sense of connection yet exists. The Cherokees have only left in the 1830’s making everything in Western North Carolina brand new. ALL of this happened in a very young 19th century. A commitment to your Country?? What a concept! Be it ever so humble, hearth and home come first. Yes, it is easy to be a loyal North Carolinian and even easier to be from Western North Carolina near the border of Tennessee-a Northern State. Being loyal to Country is light years away. Slavery is never an issue here. Look at the demographics in 1860. There are about 145,000 whites and an almost equal number of free blacks (126,000). Slaves and Native Americans are almost negligible at 1990 and 1062 respectively. ALL work hard to pull a living from very poor farming condition. Money and position they do not have. Governor Zeb Vance is astonished in 1863 at the extreme diversity of loyalties in Western North Carolina. All expected to be home soon to care for the farm. They volunteered by geographical groups and began deserting in the same way as this war became long. There were plenty of hiding places and the men knew all of them. They “survived” the best way they knew how. Late crops from poor soil were common. Rugged terrain and great hardwood forests made transportation by water almost a necessity but all the water ran North toward Tennessee. Knoxville and Eastern Tennessee served the Union. North Carolina had gone 100% Confederate. This made trade most difficult. The new “Conscription laws” of 1862 and Confederate “Tax in Kind” (give 10% of everything you had) caused the people to rebel. They want peace. They are starving. They want out. Governor Vance feels their pain calling Confederate leadership “one egg short of good cornbread.” He sees North Carolina as a valley of humility between two mountains of conceit! He called those from Western North Carolina his American heroes. They were in it, did not like it but learned to deal with it. Western North Carolina sacrificed an entire generation of their men to the War. Those who were left became very bitter and full of hate. The ruthless Shelton Laurel Massacre (yes, you just had to be there to hear Gordon lay it out in bullet form) epitomized the region’s lawlessness and anarchy. THE WAR IN WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA WAS NOT OVER. A PRIL 2013 Ladies’ Department By Charen Fink Women Workers I Many assembled cartridges for Union rifles in a Watertown, Massachusetts arsenal. Two explosions in two arsenals in1864 killed a total of 41 women. I Tens of thousands of women and children assumed many farm responsibilities: driving oxen, hoeing fields, planting, riding cutters (to harvest hay) operating reapers and slaughtering livestock. I Daring women stock speculators were known as “Crinoline in Wall Street.” I Most exploited were seamstresses. I Some additional jobs: map makers (coloring the maps), reporters, fish women (some areas, in addition to their pay, received a glass of brandy and a piece of bread every sixth hour). Notes on the War I Winslow Homer and Tho- mas Nast created drawings for Harper’s Weekly during the early 1860s to illustrate the hardships of the home front. Letters from home were extremely important. I Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson and others wrote poetry during and after the war that inspired loyalty, capturing some of the pathos, and celebrated acts of heroism. I Many trains had a ladies’ car allowing women to travel safely day or night. The virtue and respectability of wealthy passengers are preserved in the ladies’ car. Male escorts were P AGE 4 the only men allowed on this car. I In 1860, the textile factories in Lowell, Massachusetts, had more spindles turning thread than did the entire South. being wounded was 50 percent. I Amputations actually saved the lives of many soldiers when otherwise there was no hope. Inventions of the 1860’s Twenty Million Yankees, The Northern Home Front. The Time-Life Books Inc., 1985. Penny, Virginia. 1860—light bulb (Joseph Wilson Swan) Linoleum (Frederick Walton) 1861—Siemens Regenerative Furnace (Carl Wilhelm Siemens) 1862—Pasteurization (Louis Pasteur, Claude Bernard) 1863—Player piano (Henri Fourneaux) Underground Railway/Subway (John Fowler) 1864—Metal-Hulled Icebreaker (Mikhail Britney) 1865—Barbed Wire (Louis Jannin) 1866—Dynamite (Alfred Nobel) 1868—Typewriter (Christopher Sholes, Carlos Glidden, Samuel W. Soule, James Densmore) Margarine (Mege Mouries) 1869—Periodic Table (Dmitri Mendeleeve) Vacuum Cleaner (Ives W. McGaffey) Medical Facts I The entire amputation process generally took about fifteen minutes, although some doctors were noted for performing amputations even more quickly. I Mortality rate for amputations within 24 hours of being wounded was 25 percent. I Mortality rate for amputations more than a day after References The Employments of Women: A Cyclopedia of Women’s Work. Boston: Walker, Wise, & Company, 1863. Topping, Elizabeth. “The Ladies Car: A Shiloh Limited Experience.” The Citizens ‘Companion, Volume XVIIINo. 7, August/September 2012, pgs. 38-39. Varhola, Michael O. Life in Civil War America. Cincinnati, Ohio: Family Tree Books, 2011. A PRIL 2013 2013 Spring Trip P AGE 5 Spring Field Trip with Will greene Wilbur McLean’s parlor, in his house at Appomattox, is one of those places in American history where visitors automatically lower their voices in reverence. No matter how many times you have been there it is always a moving experience. The house was built in 1848 and sold to McLean by the estate of Eliza D. Raines in 1863. In the room above Lee offered his sword to Grant, in surrender, Grant refused it. Although Lee had put down his military responsibilities, his decision not to disband his army and fight a guerilla war, may have been one of his most important. This site, which is so important in the history of this country, will be the last stop on our Petersburg to Appomattox tour in May. The modern photo, shows little change to the McLean House appearance over the years. 2013 Trip No. 1 A PRIL 2013 They Also Served P AGE 6 General Reuben Lindsay “Old Rube” Walker By “Col. Black” Jack Travis Reuben Lindsay Walker, was born on May 29, 1827, at the family home in Logan, Virginia. The Walkers were a very old and respected family of wealth and refinement in Spotsylvania County. Reuben Walker graduated from Virginia Military Institute at the age of eighteen on July 4, 1845. He was nineteenth in a class of twenty. His profession was that of a civil engineer and he was employed by the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad. Walker served as the Sergeant-at-Arms during the Virginia Secession Convention, held in Richmond, on February 13, 1861. A very imposing and impressive figure at six feet four inches in height, broad chested, admirably proportioned, straight and strong and considered a very handsome man by the Southern ladies. When the War Between the States broke out he was one of the earliest volunteers for service. The wounding of Colonel Stapleton Crutchfield, Second Corps Chief of Artillery, at Chancellorsville and the reorganization of the Army of Northern Virginia May 30, 1863 gave Walker the opportunity he needed. He was appointed Chief of Artillery for Third Corps, a position he would retain until nearly the end of the war. On June 16, 1863, the thirtynine year old Colonel Walker accompanied the Third Corps to Cashtown, PA where he assumed command of all of the Corps’ artillery. Inexperience may have been Walker’s shortcoming during Gettysburg. Walker placed Major William J. Pegram’s and Major David G. McIntosh’s bat- talions in position near the Chambersburg Road, just west of Gettysburg, on the morning of July 1. The fire from these battalions helped to drive Union forces back through Gettysburg. Unfortunately, Walker did not order up more of the guns under his command, the added artillery may have greatly assisted in the overall victory of the Confederate forces on the first day. On the second day his guns unwisely wasted ammunition in duels with Federal artillery at the Bliss Farm. His guns were placed 100 yards to the left of Colonel E.P. Alexander’s First Corps guns along Seminary Ridge. Third Corps guns remained in the relatively same positions on the third day. Walker’s guns did participate in the bombardment preceding Pickett’s Charge. However, Walker’s guns rapidly exhausted their ammunition. The guns remained in position until July 4, when they were withdrawn and followed the army to Hagerstown, MD. By July 11, Third Corps guns were placed in position to the left of St. James College, as a rear guard to repel any Union assault. Walker and his guns crossed the Potomac on July 13, and made their way to Culpepper, VA. After the Gettysburg Campaign, Walker retained command of Third Corps artillery. His guns were engaged during the 1863, VA Autumn Campaign, 1864, Overland Campaign, Siege of Petersburg and the Appomattox Campaign. He was promoted to Brigadier General on February 18, 1865. On April 8, 1865, near Appomattox Court House, his guns repulsed repeated Union attacks by Brigadier General George Custer’s Cavalry until he was outflanked around 9:00 pm. Walker was present for sixty-three engagements and received not so much as a scratch. This was an impressive feat due to the fact that he stood at six feet four inches tall. After the war, he returned to his family farm in Chesterfield County, VA and to his profession as a civil engineer. He was employed as a railroad executive with Marine & Selma Railroad in Selma, AL until 1876. He was also an engineer with the Richmond and Allegheny Railroad. Furthermore, he supervised the construction of Virginia State Prison and the Texas State Capitol. General Reuben Lindsay Walker died at his residence Point of Fork, Fluvanna County, VA on June 7, 1890. He was buried at the beautiful Hollywood Cemetery, in Richmond, with many of his comrades in arms. A PRIL 2013 News of Note P AGE 7 Civil War Heritage Days at Fort Anderson Al l of Brunswi ck County’s eighth graders were presented to a special field trip to Brunswick Town/Fort Anderson State Historic Site from March 20 -22. The field trip was the Second Annual Civil War Heritage Days at Fort Anderson. The program consisted of eleven stations where interpreters dressed in Civil War attire demonstrated life during the Civil War from the military aspects to civilians. The military aspects consisted of Telegraphy, Cavalry, Union Infantry, Confederate Infantry (firing an Enfield), flags, surgeon, and artillery. The civilian component consisted of nursing, the homefront, and the mortician. Students were able to visit the museum as part of the rotation. Students spent 15 minutes at each station when they were signaled to rotate with the firing of the cannon. A number of BCWRT By Jim McKee members participated in the program: Charen Fink presented on “The Homefront”; Ed and Nancy Ovsenik presented on “Funerary Practices”; Joe Newman assisted with the artillery; and Jim McKee presented on “Flags of the Civil War”. BCWRT is fortunate to have these talented individuals as part of the membership. 78888888888888888888888888888888888888888889 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 12222222222222222222222222222222222222222223 A PRIL 2013 News of Note P AGE 8 Who is buried in Grant’s tomb? Built between 1891 and 1897, it is the largest mausoleum in America. It stands 150 feet high and overlooks the Hudson in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. At that time it was considered beyond the built up part of the city and was a quiet setting providing great views of the Hudson River for the visitors. The tomb was dedicated on April 27, 1897, Grant Day, to commemorate the 75th anniversary of his birth. Hundreds of men worked on the 8,000 tons of granite to build the monument designed by John Duncan, a New York architect. Grant himself said he wanted to be buried in St. Louis, Mo., Galena, Ill. or Washington D.C.. He only insisted that Julia be interred beside him. New York Mayor William Grace immediately made the offer for a resting place in New York for both of them and Julia accepted. The funeral, held on August 8, 1885 was one of the most spectacular events in the city’s history. Over 60,000 people took part in the parade, including President Grover Cleveland, his Cabinet, the Justices of the Supreme Court and most of Congress. The marchers stretched for 7 miles and took 5 hours to pass in review. A temporary brick vault was built, awaiting completion of the mausoleum in Riverside Park at 122nd street. Ten days before the ceremony Grant’s body was secretly transferred from the temporary vault to an eight and a half ton red granite sarcophagus in the mausoleum. The interior of the monument is made of marble and shows representations from Grant’s life as well as marble im- By Mike Powell ages of some of his generals , including Sherman, Sheridan, Thomas, Ord and MacPherson. In 1958, the National Park Service took over administration of the site, but they allowed it to decay and by 1970 it was victim to vandalism and graffiti. Various organizations and historical groups have since given the site the maintenance and dignity it deserves and it is again a fitting monument to one of America’s greatest heroes. “Who’s buried in Grant’s tomb?” The correct answer is no one. The word buried refers to being placed in the ground. Grant’s sarcophagus is above ground. NC Maritime Museum Program to Highlight BCWRT Trip to MOTSU Jim McKee will be the speaker for the NC Maritime Museum at Southport’s Third Tuesday Program on April 23. The presentation will focus on the recent BCWRT trips to view the western defenses of Fort Anderson. “This will be a highly visual program and I promise to divulge much new information about the construction of the fort.” stated McKee. The program begins at 7:00pm and will be held at the Southport Community Building, 223 East Bay St. The program is free, call the Museum at 910-4570003. to register. NOTICES A PRIL 2013 P AGE 9 The Civil War Trust Park Day The Civil War Trust is famous for is their annual Park Day Program held each year during the first weekend in April. Park Day is where volunteers come together at various battlefields and historic sites to lend a helping hand in preserving our national, state, and local historic treasures. This year Park Day at Fort Anderson will be held on April 6. The goal for this year is to finish clearing brush from the front of Battery B. Fortunately the interior of Battery B was completed earlier this year and the front of the Battery is not as bad as it has been in the past. It is requested that volunteers muster at the Visitor Center by 8:30 so we can commence work at 9:00. We should work until early afternoon. Survivors will be treated to the new information concerning the construction and purpose of the curtains and traverses between batteries A & B. They will also get a full update on the Gun Emplacement project and guided tours of their choice. Please contact Jim McKee at 910-371-6613 or [email protected] for more information or to volunteer. For more information on whole Park Day program and to see a list of participating sites visit www.civilwar.org/aboutus/ events/park-day. IMPORTANT NOTICE TO THE MEMBERSHIP After two years in establishing the Brunswick Civil War Round Table, the officers and Board (9 members), and the advisors (3 members) have recently evaluated this organization. The membership should be made aware that certain changes have been decided on as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. Basic membership fees for individuals and couples will remain at $25.00 and will not change prior to January 1, 2013, if then. Students will be welcomed free of charge effective immediately; A $5.00 admission fee will be charged all guests, effective September 4, 2012. Subsequently it may be necessary to charge guests a higher fee when there is an especially renowned speaker or when travel arrangements become more expensive. The RT has the following stated objectives: 1. To promote knowledge and understanding of the complex Civil War Era through programs, travel, and the Newsletter; 2. To support the development and preservation of Civil War sites. (This group has adopted Fort Anderson as it primary site.) Pursued in various ways, some obvious and some less so, these efforts vary as to the monthly cost of speakers, venues, programs, and publicity. With this in mind, we propose to establish two categories of elective, tax-free giving which would secure our finances in light of unknown future changes. The proposed categories reflect our purposes. One category will be for programs and the other for Historic Site preservation. The membership may be assured that due diligence is given to all RT finances and other affairs. A PRIL 2013 Membership Information P AGE 10 BRUNSWICK CIVIL WAR ROUND TABLE Membership Application and Renewal The Brunswick Civil War Round Table usually meets on the first Tuesday of each month, except during July and August. Most meetings will be held in the Southport area. Specific locations will be announced in advance, either at meetings, in the newsletter, via email, or on our web site. (brunswickcivilwarroundtable.com) Annual dues are $25.00 for individuals and couples, students are free of charge. Nonmembers pay $5.00 per visit, which can be applied to membership. Please make checks payable to: B. C. W. R. T. Payments for renewal memberships should be made on the anniversary of your initial membership. Forms and checks for membership or renewal can be given to those at the registration desk, at the meetings, or send to: BCWRT, P. O. Box 10161, Southport, NC. 28461 NAME(S):________________________________________________________________ ADDRESS:_______________________________________________________________ CITY/STATE/ZIP:________________________________________________________ PHONE:_______________________CELL:____________________________________ EMAIL:__________________________________________________________________ If you would like to make a donation to help BCWRT in its historical preservation work or to assure that we continue to get the best speakers possible please complete boxes below. Speakers and programs: Amount $________ Battlefield preservation: Amount $________ Recognition may be acknowledged in our communications should you wish. 150 YEARS AG O April 1863 April 2– Richmond Bread Riots April 7– Union Naval Assault on Fort Sumter and Charleston fails badly April 12– Longstreet’s Siege of Suffolk, VA begins April 14– Continuous roll printing press developed by William Bullock April 16– 12 Union navy vessels under Adm. David Porter run past Vicksburg April 19– Nebraska Territory enabling act, the first step to statehood, is signed into law April 20– CS Gen. Robert F. Hoke captures Plymouth, NC April 20– Proclamation announcing West Virginia will join the Union on June 20, 1863 April 22– “Tax-in-Kind” plan passes by Confederate Senate. Requires 10% of everything grown or produced to be given to the CS government April 30– Army of the Potomac camps in the Wilderness surrounding the Chancellor family home April 30– Grant’s army begins crossing the Mississippi River at noon and landing troops south of Vicksburg A PRIL 2013 Call To Arms P AGE 11 THE NEXT MEETING IS Tuesday, April 2, 2013 The Brunswick Civil War Round Table is a 501 (c) (3) tax exempt organization that meets on the first Tuesday of each month, except July and August. Unless otherwise noted, meetings will be held at: Trinity United Methodist Church 209 E. Nash St. Southport, NC 28461 Registration is open at 6:30 pm and the program starts at 7:00pm. 2013 BCWRT Officers, Directors and Advisors Wally Rueckel: President & Director Rob Clarke: Vice President & Director Marv Hamer: Vice President & Director Tom Kehoe: Treasurer & Director Norm Praet: Secretary & Director Tom O’Donnell: Director & Advisor Charen Fink: Director Chuck Roedema: Director Max Williams: Director Jim McKee: Advisor Jack Carpenter: Advisor Connie Hendrix: Advisor Check Us Out on the Web The Brunswick Civil War Round Table's website is now up and running. The BCWRT website can be found under brunswickcivilwarroundtable.com or brunswickcivilwarroundtable.org. All of the information on the website is available to everyone except for the newsletter - Call to Arms. which is available to members. Your username and password is required to view the newsletter. Be sure to check out the list of presenters already lined up for our 2012/2013 year. There is also information on current Round Table sponsored trips and write-ups on trips already taken. Be sure to check out the Links page for other organizations involved in the Civil War. Members should have received an email with their login information including username and password. Everyone's default password is their email address. Junk mail filters will likely impede the delivery of many of those emails. If you did not receive this e-mail please check your spam folder first. For the people who did not received the e-mail due to incorrect or no e-mail address provided to the club, please contact Kathy O'Donnell at [email protected]. The website is updated frequently so please keep checking in on us.
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