96-109 GOV
Committee Numbrs, Sizes,
Assignments, and Staff-:
Selected Hi orieal
Carol Hardy Vincent
Speci list in American National Government
Elizabeth Rybicki
Analvst in American National Government
Government Division
February 1, 1996
Nrm
COMMITTEE NUMBERS, SIZES, ASSIGNMENTS,
AND STAFF: SELECTED HISTORICAL DATA
SUMMARY
The long periods of gradual growth and the intervals of decline in the
number and size of committees and subcommittees and their staffs can be
explained primarily by the major congressional reorganization acts, periodic
rules changes, party caucus reforms, and informal changes to meet emerging
needs and demands. The development of today's committee system is a product
of internal congressional reforms, but national forces also have played a role.
This report contains data on the numbers and si
subcommittees and on Members' assignments since 194
years, the number of House standing committees has
number of subcommittees increased considerably from t
1970's. Total House and joint committees and subcommi
1975. Dramatic cuts, primarily in the last two Congres
panels.
As the number of House eommi
the post-war period, so did the numb
average doubled from three to six fro:
Today's lower average of five assign.
to stricter assignment limitations s
subcommittees during the last two C
As in the Ho
relatively constant,
least three Senate
Senate and joint e(
than half the high
assignments per S
peaked in the mid
tycal Senator ser
id
;uch
trees increased during
r Representative. The
crept to seven in 1987.
itive can b attributed
?er of committees and
,ber of Senate standing committees has been
niitees increased dramatically by the 1970's. At
ave
sinereversed the upward trend in total
d subcommittees Today's figure of 92 is less
ed in the mid970's. The average number of
nereased from the 1940's to the 1970's, and
most 16 Due to periodic reforms, today the
int, and joint commitees-and subcommittees.
Despite the reductions in assignments and committees and subcommittees,
the sizes of ,,.ending committees and subcommittees have crept upward during
tho 50oyear period reviewed here. Figures for 1995
reflect the largest average
size, In 19 5, IOoIse standing committees and subcommittees averaged 40 and
15 Member;
with nine a. respectively; 18 was the average Senate standing committee size,
the average size for each subcommittee.
This reports also contains data on committee staff sizes from 1979 through
1995. By 1979, House standing committee staff was nearly three times larger
than it was in l970. Staff size subsequently levelled off, until reductions in
1995 cut total House committee staff by one-third compared to the 1994 level.
Senate standing committee staff nearly doubled during the 1970's. On three
subsequent occasions the Senate made notable cuts to committee staffs, making
the 1995 figure one-third lower than the 1979 figure.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ....
........
........................
HOUSE AND SENATE
......
Size of Committees and Subcommittees .......
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
1
2
.............
..............
3
Number of Committees and Subcommittees ...................
Assignments to Committees and Subcommittees
3
5
5
Staff of Committees and Subcommittees
SEN ATE ........................................
7
Number of Comnmittees and Subcommittees
Assignments to Committees and Subcommittees ..............
Staff of Committees and Subcommittees
......
TABLES
Table 1.
Table 2,
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table S.
Table 9.
Table 10.
2
......
Average Number of Members Serving on Senate and
House Standing Committees and Their Subcommittees,
79th104th Congress .10
Number of House Committees and Thei Subcommittees,
79th-104th Congress .........
.................
House Committee Assignments, 79th-104th Congress
Distribution of Representatives by Number of
Committee and Subcommittee Assignments, 102nd104th Congress .. . . . . . . . ............
House Committee Staff, 1979-1995
.
Comparison of House Committee Staff, 1994 and 1995
Number
0f Senate
Cornmittees
and Their
Subcommittees, 79th-104th Congress .............
Senate Committee Assignments. 79th-104th Congress
Distribution of Senators by Number of Committee and
Subcommittee Assignments, 102nd-104th Congress ...
Senate Committee Staff, 1979-1995 ...............
APPENDIX OF SELECTED REFORM COMMITTEES ..............
7
8
9
10
i11
12
14
15
13........
17
18
19
21
22
24
The authors wish to thank Mildred Boyle for the secretarial production of
this report.
COMMITTEE NUMBERS, SIZES, ASSIGNMENTS, AND STAFF:
SELECTED HISTORICAL DATA
INTRODUCTION
in the
The long periods of gradual growth and the interw
reflect
number and size of committees and subcommittees anc
sional
several influences, Facors affecting committees include thE
orrlal
reorganization acts, periodic rules changes, party canCus r
While
changes in practice and procedures to meet emerging needs
development of the committee systern is a product of in
sional
reforms, national forces also have played a ro'e. The G'
n and
World War II greatly expanded the legislative agend,
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, from which the modern congress is
customarily dated.
Outside forces also spurred a second bicameral
reorganization act twenty-four years later. New comp lex policy areas, an
increasingly dominant executive branch, and low opinion nolls were cited by
supporters of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970. The periodic reforms
in the last twenty-five years resulted from Members' responses to such
developments as well as to their own desire to improve t he organization and
operation of their institution.
This report
of committees a
1945. The dat
The report also
through March
eiticall
nd other information on the numbers and sizes
es and on Members' assignments to them sin ce
congresss are current as of the Spring of 1995.
on the size of each committee's staff from 1979
discusses the size of House and Senate standing
committees a nd their subcommittees. By chamber, it then addresses the number
of committee s and Subcommiees, the assignment of Members to committees
and subcomm ittees, and the, ize of comm it tee staffs, Following this discussion
are ten tables containing figures which serve as the basis of the discussion. The
final section is an appendix listing the major reform committees mentioned in
the report by name, or referenced by the reform measure that resulted from the
committee's vork. It also contains one or two citations to the work of each
committee if further information is desired.
The information in this report sometimes differentiates between standing
and non-standing committees, The term standing committees refers to the
permanent panels idenLifled in chamber rules, which also list the jurisdiction of
each. In their areas, standing committees consider bills and issues and
1 Data on the size of each committee's staff is readily available only since 1979.
CRS-2
recommend measures for consideration by the respective chambers, as well as
Most standing
conduct oversight of agencies, programs, and activities.
committees recommend authorized levels of funds for government operations
and for new and existing programs within their jurisdiction.
The term non-standing committee is used in this report to describe the
joint, select, special. and other panels of Congress. The joint committees usually
are permanent panels that conduct studies or perform housekeeping tasks
rather than consider measures. Members of' both chambers serve on them.
Conference committees, temporaryjoint committees formed to resolve differences
in House- and Senate-pass ed version s of a part cular measure, arc not addressed
by this report.
Some of Congress's select, special, and oth,
while others have been temporary. Often one ha;
standing committee system does not address an
particular event sparks interest in an investigate
conduct investigations and studies, sometimes I
House and Senate Intelligence Committees are
with legislative jurisdiction; they consider east
action by the chambers.
While some non-stan
are mostly a phenomenon
specific tasks, such es oN
measures, in particulars
committees.
,es these panels
e~asures. The
Iet committees
amend them for
subcommittees, subcommittees
?es. These subunits are assigned
tial consideration of issues and
nes established by their parent
HOUSE AND
Size of COMB
urittees (Table 1)
Today as i the past, the average size of a House standing committee is
roughly twice -s large as the average Senate standing committee. House
subcommittees f standing committees currently are about two-thirds larger
.e counterparts. The larger size of the House committees and
s primarily due to the larger size of the chamber; the House is
times the size of the Senate.
The average sizes of House and Senate standing committees have increased
overall since 1947. After the 1946 Reorganization Act established the modern
committee system, the average size of a House standing committees was twentyfive. At the start of the 104th Congress (1995-1996), standing committees were
larger than ever, averaging forty Members. Also, the size of their subcommittees
grew somewhat steadily during the last fifty years, doubling between the 80th
and 104th Congresses (1947-1995).
The increase in both House committee and subcommittee size can be
attributed to a variety of factors including increasing demands on them,
CRS-3
Members' calls for more assignments, and the need of party leaders' for more
assignments to distribute. The recent decline in the number of panels may have
contributed to the increase in the number of Members on remaining committees
and subcommittees.
The average membership for a Senate standing committee has increased
since 1947 from about 13 to 18 Senators.
The average size of their
subcommittees also has increased, reaching its highest level of nine Senators in
the 104th Congress (1995-1996). While still small, the typical subcommittee
grew by 74 percent from 1947 to 1995,
Senate committee and subcommittee sizes have been affected by changes in
the structure of the committee system. For example when the Senate cut three
committees in 1977, the size of the average committee increased by two
members. The 104th Congress (1995-1996) reduced the number of standing
subcommittees bv 18. but increased their average size slightly.
Table 1 depicts the average size of
and subcommittees from 1945 to the p
uomii
see
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Number of Committees and Sub
2
The House has used committees since the first Congress, when it created
standing Committee s on Elections ad Enrolled Bills as well as numerous
temporary committeees The House steadily increased its reliance on standing
committees during tIhe nineteenth century. and following the Civil War the
committee system ex handed rapidly. The number of House standing committees
peaked ar 6i in 19L 3, Despite reforms to reduce this figure during the early
decades of the twentyieth century, by midcentury the House committee system
had -town too larpe and disorganized to facilitate effective policvmaking.
Congress responded )y enacting the Le gislative Reorganization Act of 1946, one
goal of whi was to systematize and reorganize the committee systems of the
House and Senate, Often regarded as the blueprint of the contemporary
Congress, the 1946 Act dramatically reduced the number of IIouse standing
committees from 48 n the 79Lh Congress (1945-46) to 19 in the 80th Congress
(1947-48k
Since then the number of standing committees has remained fairly
constant, increasing gradually to a high of 22 in the 93rd Congress (1973-1974).
For the next two decades the House operated with 22 standing committees. The
drop to 19 in the 104th Congress (1995-1996) is the largest change i the
number of standing committees since 1946. The new majority party in the
104tb Congress (1995-1996) advanced a plan which the House adopted, that
returned the number of standing committees to 19 by eliminating the Committee
on Merchant Marine and Fisheries and by combining three others to form the
Committee on Government Reform and Oversight.
CRS-4
Over the past 50 years the House has always used far fewer non-standing
committees than standing ones, but the number of select, special, joint, and
other committees has changed over time. For the first decade of this period, the
House relied on a handful of select and special committees in each Congress. but
by the 84th Congress ft955-1956) only one such panel remained. In the 91st
Congress (1969-1970). the House created a second, and in subsequent
Congresses through the 102nd (1991-1992) the House had between three and
seven select and special committees. Since the 103rd Congress ,i993-1994),
when four select panels were not renewed, the Permanent Select Committee on
Intelligence has been the House's only non-standing committee. (Table 5
identifies the House's 19 standing committees and one select committee.)
Representatives served on between five and ell
years from 1945 through 1978, with Congress aver;
to handle matters affecting both chambers. Sinc
1980), only four permanent joint committees have b
103rd Congress the creation of a temporary joint co
last two Congresses the joint committees have opera
although in the contemporary Congress they baN
subcommittees in a single Congress.
In contrast to the fairly
fifty years, the number of
gradually in response to thi
policy areas and the corresp(
from Members for nels to
50)
81st Congress
To counter
(1973-1974),
establishing subcommittees
subcommittees for most star.
opportunities for Members
result the number ofsubcoi
next few Conaresses ueakir
igresq (197 9n, and in the
ire, For the
mcm6ittees,
many" as 16
tabe number of standing committees in the last
committees of standing committees increased
-overnment's expansion into new, more complex
ing need for specialization, as well as to demands
id. From a low of 62 such subcommittees in the
? figure had doubled (125) by the 93rd Congress
e resistance of some full committee chairs to
n 1975 the House set a minimum number of
nig committees (four). This change provided more
obtain leadership of a subcommittee. Partly as a
Littees of standing committees increased over the
ii the 96th Congress (1979-1980) at 150.
Tn the pasi, fifteen years the Housc has reduced the number of
subcommittees of standing committees. The number declined slightly in 1981
when scheduling difficulties and disputes over subcommittee jurisdiction led the
Democratic Caucus to limit the number of subcommittees per committee (except
Appropriations) to between six and eight. Further reductions were made in the
103rd Congress (1993-1994), when a Democratic Caucus rule capped most
"exclusive" and "major" committees at six subcommittees, while "non-major"
committees were restricted to five. 2 A change in House rules at the start of the
104th Congress further restricted the number of subcommittees to no more than
five for most committees, leaving 84 subcommittees of standing committees.
2 The House Democratic Caucus classifies committees into three categories (exclusive,
major, and non-major) to assign members to committees. The list of committees
currently in each category is contained in Rule 18 of the Preamble and Rules of the
Democratic Caucus, One Hundred and Fourth Congress, February 27, 1995.
CRS-5
The 104th Congress (1995-1996) total of 110 House and joint committees
and subcommittees on which Representatives serve is the lowest figure in the
last four decades (for which totals are available). Noteworthy are the dramatic
decreases of the last two Congresses. The 103rd Congress (1993-1994) changes,
among them the subcommittee limitations and the elimination of most select
panels, led to a 19 percent reduction over the previous Congress (185 to 149).
The 1994 election of a Republican majority for the first time in 40 years spurred
a reduction in 1995 in the total number of House panels by another 26 percent
(from 149 to Il0).
Specific data on the number of committees and their subcom
1945 to the present are displayed in Table 2.
Assiglments to Committees and Subeommie
As the number and size of committees a:
the post-war period, so did the average nu:
From the 80th to the 94th Congress (19
committee and subcommittee assignments p:
Members' demands for service on additional
goal of the legislative reforms in the 1970
panels and the number of committee and
positions for rank and file Members.
The increased
scheduling and in
Democratic Caucus
though exemptions
Member crept to sei
the 103rd Congress
and subcommittees
assignments. The 11
more than five subc(
subcommittee assi
assignments to belo
D&
provide
subeom
number
most rf
Represe
ittees from
Tbles 3 and 4
sed during
- Member.
lumber of
,on t arse to six.
iecr- One
ease th e number of
dlote
leadership
er of assignments eventually led to difficulties in
ing quorums at meetings. In the late 1970's, the
d its Mlembers to five subcommittee assignments,
granted. The average number of assignments per
he 100th Congr~ess (1987-1988); it returned to six in
4994) due to a one-fifth reduction in all committees
1, half of the House Members 'had more than six
congress (1995-19964 restricted most committees to no
:ees, and set a general maximum of six committee and
per Member. decreasing the average number of total
for the first time since 1966.
information concerning committee assignments in the House is
able 3 and 4. Table 3 covers the total number of committee and
assignments from 1945 to the present, as well as the mean
;ignments per Member. Table 4 contains data only from the three
Congresses, but provides a specific tabulation of how many
had
tes a certain number of assignments.
Staff of Committees and Subcommittees, Tables 5 and 6
Although committees were authorized staff as early as the middle of the
nineteenth century, it was not until the passage of the 1946 Act that modern
staffing arrangements began. The Act allowed most standing committees to hire
ten permanent employees. In the years following the 1946 Act the House
CRS-6
authorized additional staff for most committees by laws such as the Legislative
Reorganization Act of 1970 and by resolutions such as H.Res. 988 (1974. arising
out of the work of the Select Committee on Committees ("Bolling Committee"),
The staff of House committees has increased considerably since 1946, with
the most dramatic growth occurring in the 1970's. By 1979, House standing
committee staff was nearly three times larger than in 1970, increasing from
approximately 700 to 1900. A number of reasons have been cited for this
increase. First, the internal reform movement increased minority stag and took
the exclusive power to hire committee staff away from the committee chairmen.
Second, the number of subcommittees increased, and hence the need for more
people to staff them. Third. committees were confronting larger egiiative
workloads to deal with new and increasingly complex issues such as energy and
the environment. Larger staffs allowed committees to inve! tigate more issues.
hold more hearings, and write more legislation. Fourt.l tet Congress wanted
to avoid excessive dependency upon the executive branch for information,
The number of total House comm
to save money and partly because the
From 1980 to 1994, staff ranged from
(in 1991), a difference of twenty per-Republican majority's campaign prom:
third. The resolution providing for
overwhelming bipartisan support. T
1994 to 1,317 in 1995.
ed off around 1980, partly
tress were being satisfied.
n 1981) to a high of 2,285
accordance with the new
staff were reduced by oneUse funding passed with
staff went from 2,001 in
ts the number of staff for each committee from 1979 to
e staff of committees eliminated before the 104th Congress,
s-trueture. Where name changes
but the table is b; ,d on the 199.5 rntitte
was ma~de to the corresponding committee (e.g., National
occurred, eompari
The staff of the
Security is coma ed to the former Armed Services).
Committees on P( Office and Civil Service and the District of Columbia were
added to the Corn tee on Government Operations in the years 1979-1994 for
new Government Reform and Oversight Committee. The
comparison with
Committee on
chan Marine and Fisheries, eliminated in 1995 (with
jurisdiction transf red to multiple committees) and other committees eliminated
before 1995 are r( cted in the second half of the table as "other committees.
Table 5 pros
199VJ It includes
1994
of' st;
6 provides a direct omparison between the staff of committees in
ie staff of committees in 1995, reflecting the number and percentage
uetions on each committee.
Data on the size of each committee's staff is readily available only since 1979.
CRS-7
SENATE
Number of Committees and Subcommittees, Table 7
Like the House, the Senate also has used committees since its first
meetings. The Senate's early reliance on ad hoc committees soon gave way to
the establishment of perman ent standing committees, 12 of which v ere created
in 1816. Throughout the nineteenth century the Senate committee system grew
steadily, its growth mirroring the growth of the Nation. Iithe peak year. 1913,
the Senate had 74 standing committees- this unwieldy arrangement prompted
a 1921 reform to eliminate 40 minor, superfluous, or moribund panels. But the
struggle to coordinate war policy during World War II indicated a need for
further reform, and in 1946 Congress responded with the Legislative
Reorganization Act.
Among its changes, the 1946 Act r
committees in the Senate from 33 to 15. Site
The number crept up, peaking at 18 in the
shifted committee jurisdictions and chin
(District of Columbia, Post Office and Civil S,
Sciences), based on a reform proposal by the
to Study the Senate Committee System 1,"Ste
97th Congress (1981-4982) the Select Co
elevated to a standing commitee; 16 stand,
(Table 10 identifies the Senate's 16 standing
non-standing committees.)
I the number ol standing
Sthe change has been slight.
_970's In 1977, the Senate
three standing committees
and Aeronautical and Space
temporary Select Committee
.Brock Committee". In the
e or, Small Business was
nmittees have existed since.
inittees, as well as the four
The Senate, like the House, hs used moe standing committees than any
other type of cor mitte over the past 50 years. During this time. between one
and seven select special, or other committees have handled particular issues for
the Senate, with four such panels listingg since 1989. Senators, too, met with
House counterpairts to deal wih business affecting both bodies on between five
and eleven joint committees from 1945 through
1978. During those years, on
average Conress had nine joint committees, Each Congress since the 96th
(197s9-1980) has used four permanent joint committees, and a temporary joint
committee also as created in the 103rd Congress (1993-1994), making five.
During the last t wo Congresses joint committees did not create subcommittees
whereas in the ea r ier vears there were as many as 16 joint subcommittees.
Subcommittees, primarily a phenomenon of standing committee, increased
in number as well as importance in the Senate from the 1940's to the 1970's.
The figure of 61 in the 80th Congress (1947-1948l more than doubled to 127 in
the 93rd Congress (1973-1974). The growth in the number of subcommittees
reflects the Federal Government's expansion into new policy areas. efforts to
disperse committee leadership authority, and attempts to foster specialization.
" The Committee on Indian Affairs is a non-standing committee, although the Senate
dropped the term "select' from its title in 1993
CRS-8
Since the mid-1970's, periodic reforms have reversed the earlier trend of
increasing subcommittees. In 1977, the recommendations of the StevensonBrock Committee led to a reduction of about one-fifth in the number of
subcommittees from 122 to 96). The figure rose somewhat in 1981, partly
because the Select Committee on Small Business was elevated to a standing
committee.
The Senate's number of committees and subcommittees an
were examined in 1984 by the second Temporary Select Committ(
Senate Committee System ("Quayle Committee"). Largely as a
Committee's work, in 1985 the numbers of assignments per
subcommittees were reduced, Fourteen subcommittees of stand'
were eliminated, leaving 88, This figure varied little until the I
(1995-1996), which cut 18 subcommittees of standing committees.
brought the number of subcommittees to its lowest level since 19,
in committee budgets, and concerns about the number a
assignments, prompted committees to cut back on their subunit;
The 104th Congress (1995-1996
and subcommittees is the lowest fign
available. The upward trend in the n
been met with cuts over the past two '
and subcommittees resulted from the
The average
increased from th
1970's. In 1977
number of eommi
the typical Senat(
I:
numb
Senate
slots.
ittees and their subcommittees
7
committees, Tables 8 and 9
Assignme
erne ci
Congress
reduCt ion
eduetions
ns and
senatee ana join, committee
ir decades for which totals are
Less panel- into the 1970's has
table reductions in committees
e Stevenson-Brock and Quayle
rn and budget savings.
Committees and contemporary presst
Specific information the numrn
from 1945 to the present is provided
ignments
'tudy the
it of this
)-"and of
remitters
of committee assignments per Senator gradually
to the 1970', peaking at almost 16 during the midhe Stevenson-Brock Committee reforms, the total
rubcommittee seats was cut by about one-third, and
on !0 or 11 committees and subcommittees.
98th Congress (1983-1984), however, the average rose to 12 because
,tee and several subcommittees had been added, and a significant
ciemptions to the assignment limitations were granted, In 1983, 43
re author zed committee assignments, and 16 received subcommittee
.d the limitations that took effect in 1977.
In 1985. in response to the Quayle Committee recommendations, the
limitations on assignments were more strictly enforced; t-he average dropped to
around 11 per Senator, where it stayed for a decade. Following the change in
party control for the 104th Congress, the average number of assignment ts per
Senator dropped to 10. At the same time the number of Senators with more
than 10 assignments went from roughly two-thirds to one-third (from 62 to 35).
CRS-9
Fewer subcommittees and stricter enforcement of assignment limitations
contributed to the decrease.
Tables 8 and 9 present information on committee assignments. Table 8
provides the number of committee and subcommittee assignments from 1945 to
the present, as well as the mean number of assignments per Senator. Table 9
contains data only from the last three Congresses, but provides a specific count
of how many Senators had a certain number of assignments.
Staff of Committees and Subcommittees, Table 10
The Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 firscommittees to hire a permanent complement of establishing the modern staffing arrangement. The
committees has since grown notably, especially in t
Senate had approximately 600 standing committee
doubled to around 1,100 by 1979. The growth reflects
for larger staffs to conduct more investigations and -,
well as the desire to avoid excessive reliance on tl
information and to establish an independent basis b
growth, however, was not stead during the 197(
committee staff fell fourteen percent due partly to a of subcommittees and a shift of certain committee
personal payrolls
Senate commi
following year, a n
committee budget
Committee staff si
employed a minimi
be largely attribute,
investigative nee4
afrf, the figure nearly
e committees' requests
fle niore legislation'. ;.s
executive branch for
decisionmaking. The
In 1977. standing
auction in the number
iployees to Members'
with a tota of 1 212 employees, In the
s
funding committees along with
in staff of 11 percent (to 1,074)X
ron 1981 to 1993, Senate committees
Ia maxii .um of1 124 staff, The constancy can
strain ,i and the fact that the le-islative and
tees we re adequately met.
just to signifcanL cuts in their 1993 budgets, Senate committees
rimmed -,heir staff y 15 percent to 961 employees. In 1995, the Senate
achievedd .goal of he new Republican majority by accomplishing sizeable cuts
tee budgets and staffs. The result was an 18 percent staff cut to 791
1the lowest Figure in the 15 years covered by Table 10. These recent
nions, supported widely by both parties, reflect the movement to cut
nt spending.
gol
To
Tab
presents
10 portrays the number of staff for each committee from 1979 to the
'The 1975 adoption of S Res 60 allowed each Senator to hire a nuain-u o2 three asistants
to handle conoitter work related to the Meber's
'
assigned comraitees While orig-naly counted
as committee employees, in 1977 these staff were shifted to personal office Payrolls.
6 Data on -the size of each committee's staff is readily available only since 1979,
CRS-10
Table 1. Average Number of Members Sering on Senate and House
Standing Committees and Their Subcommittees,
79th-104th Congress'
Senate
Cotessig
Committees
1945-46-
79
sJubomniettee
of Senate
Sianding
Committees
Mo
Standing
Comittee
Subcommittees
of Hous
Stading
Committes
149
7.7
200,
7.8
25.4
73
80
C947 48
18.4
5.3
8I
(:949-60,
13.5
.
82
1951-527
135
83
e1953-549
14.1
7
277
8
84
196-156)
14 1
159
286
M
85
(1957-58)
140
28-7
88
19g59-60)
15.6
Ao02_7
97
2E.
2F
1!642
5,0
7.2
10.0
7
I
o 4
622
9. E
0
29 4
a0
88
,196o-64)
89
k! 965-66)
90
t 96 7-68
i 5U
7.7
29510.2
9!
,196c9-70i
15
71
BO0.
92
11971-72)
14"I
7
91
1197 V74)
14
75
32 4
94
1
79
352
11.5
16
0 977 78,
H)2
6,9
35.2
i!.8
96
97
t1979-80
16.5
7A
842
84.6
11 B
12
98
93
18 4
768
4.7
12.3
17A4
7 ,g
35.5
1.
18 5
8 1
06.7
130
.05
372
13.0
Q98- 86
go
1{0 t5
f"IO
S
80.;
5672
1
19759I199921
11
101
1,)If
848.3387
85
1987185
I6,4
8
19,
-96
18g4
9240,5
8.4
,1
Data in rhis -abl, are denied from figures in acompanyIng tables on numbers of, and aosig in rnis I
subeouneittes st
one 1945,
Data are current as of One Sprin,' of 995
0.8
1
12
993-94)
9L2
10,2
22
148
2.
:Inrrni In
t I,;
i
CRS-11
Table 2. Number of House Committees and Their Subcommittees, 79th- 104th Congress
IISelect
tmmittem
C-
rNumbr,umber,
,
Full
su1Fb
79
0945-46
48
97
80
t7-48
1
19
i.2
81
x14 -O
19
62
82
(951-52)1
19
73
13
1953-54)
19
81
84
1955-56
19
8
i195-7-)
end special
Stading Cammiteea
Sub
9
6
NA
NA
6
NA
8
NA
qN
NA
NA
7
NA
NA
32
2
NA
10
NA
3!
85
!
5
10
1
19
1-4
i
6
2G
12
1
7
1t9431-621
20
12F)
I
7
88
'1963-64)
20
121
1
4
1.)
11"
89
1965-6)
20
125
1
7
11
1,
90
(1967-6b)
29
135
1
91
M69-70)
21
10
2
92
1971-721
21
123
3
98
1973-741
2
125
6
94
1i97B-76
2-
14942
95
(1977-78)
22
146
6
6
5
96
11979-80,
22
15
;f
8
4
5
97
(1981-82'
22
110
7
4
6
98
{1983-84I
12
4
99
19-86
100
fw98-g)
7
23s
2:2
;'af
6
-5
12
4191i-92
22
135
5
103
(1993-941
22
118
1
1041
01996-
9
g4
1
Data
Cogrs~oa
Sa~iecoy:Cng~aina
Co, U.S. Code Congressioa andAd ci ins-ative Nes.ad
-d l]t
NA,
NA
NA
NA
NA
KA
1(1
'[1
S
46
176
31
i)8
169
2
146
178
1.11
22
156
88
9
15
-2
5I
1
68
15
32
143
175
37
148
18o
167
133
157
1(1
163
Ic
194
29
153
182
6
31
157
188
9
11
34
4
6
31
59
5
4
f,
32
'62
'.94
9
4
S
3)
1,5
156
8
31
154
165
5
0
28
121
149
4
0
24
86
110
Libra-v of .ongres
Comgressona Research SeIce, WorhloadondActi it,
ori No. 93-707CGOV, b 1%bert MonM and Caro! oid, VA
R
uatrlCongrsoai@
ntte
14
2
un vss otb6rwic notrA. som.- ir~tde thn Covon
panel
0
91,
11
)2nd Congress are taken from U
xr
-
-4
11950
Soi re
6
g
8
Report: "U.S HS
i
o
C.o iwittee
NA
3
Toa
Full
87
]
8uhtmi
Full
Sub-om
LS
Number,
F
2
oint (ommit
Numbr
of-mitl
~.
-inxnl
lancad(oessional
p
I-niWa~h}3ingn, 1993, p. 22. For allCongrees,
h
I5 elr
,e ie Hx v
w
,ate5 Wee-O Report: West Pubhshing
Monitor Publishing Co., Congreoral Yellow Boh
NA inieptos that th, information k' On rpndy availabl-e
I Data are current aa of tle Spring of 1995
2 As of the 9,th Congress. this figure includes Budget Committee Task Foares. Task Forces of other standing committees are
3 A, of the 49th C ingreoa, this figure icludxs tak foreee,
not
included,
CRS-12
Table 3. House Committee Assiments, 79th-l4
Total Number of
-...
Comgreas .
:
.
v,:_
.
..
Standing
mittoesi
11
omMIALtt e Asigsmot
Suleoumittem
of Standing
Committees
ign
e]; Sel eeo',
& goig
CmIAitte
3
Tota"
79
t 1945-46)
941
752
f 2
$
22
ec
1947 4,q)
482
742
56
1,230
11
M
(HI496 0
481
535
66
l
LI
82
915
491
101
]
1
84
1Ohs 54
526
670
, 26
542
71,423
84
(1955-56
66
Select.,
Stmnding
AnE ties
& Joint
Ciiieas
Total
4,2
L2
0.2
2.5
I
_
02
2.7
12
1.5
0.2
2A)
13
18
113
131
2
5.49
975
12,5
1,669
19
86
1 M9,-60
575
LgrI
144
Ih14
,,,
87
161%
6
6S4
1,128
161
1,c721
1,3
88
119V-6)
694
163-j
1,942
89
11965-66)
6M
171
90
1196768)
6f
91
i1969-70)
67
92
11971-72)
67,1
93
1197,L74b
94
( 1976!16)
95
11977-7,S)
96
3,8
0,3
42
26
04
43
1.4
2'A
f).3
45
2,047
L4
2,9
OA
4.7
187
21,178
1.4
186
2,226
1,5
284I)
1.5
1,A50
13.2
3 2
5 1
04
h3
M3
627
0,5
G9
6.2
6
261
20
L
77
1 719
211)
2a99
18
776
1,716
259
2,75
1.8
39
0
11979060
1 U2
242
208
17
3.9
06
97
1-2
564
235
2,556
17
3.6
05
08
)196-475
277
2752
I7
9
0
35
5,n
0A
1
1,
nto-1i
fpeoifll
2,9
1957-68)
,4
thooSUme~mittoes
0.1
?IG
1,274
C
0-6
621
CRS-13
Table 3. House Committee Assignments, 79thTotal Number of Commtee,'¢
Standing
Comlttee*
cngrous
99
k1985 86)
Subcommitt
of Standing
Committe
t~iaental
ee A
special,
& -J jut
committee
781
1,734
807
1,8228
8990!
818
1,711
-176
12
01991-921
851
1,818
42o
101
(1990-94)
86q
1,71
Inc
0,1987-h8)
it
m
1041
1779
T96
323
Mean Numaber, of Com mittee mnsignmentR2
Ling
nit hqs
Tot
2,&18
2,988
rI
2, I II
are
urret
am of th Si4 o
! RQ5
0
70
4 1
09
6.8
1.9
4,097
U
1,0
7.0
-essma|
2.9
W,.Iork'load and Ac
d e ,i
0 1
18
or : U.S. 1oun. of Rpor-"+ norea .
w-milti- on the Orgu-nixation of Congrcss, I'aaring, 79th C oug lt Soqs, March 1;3-Jno 29, 1945 Washita on.
y the "C;rkof the louse of ReFesentatis ., lrLwn sao. u,
'ngres'i
hing Co, U
Od.C' ongres orta and Adi.oi i-in
t
o7,nO Monitor
~
Mqiolers were pemit~e to vote in e
tee.
A,'rootding-yw since then thv have been
, and Oe Roeident Cownsiasiter. for a t.oil of 440 Meralem
mr'As h y t5 nuerr of Members, which was 436 fom the 7911 Congre-s to the 91st C
froan the 98th CogrcEs to lte$04th Conll res
tr is,
ta
8TO
U)
Lb
FORst4*' Committee a-soiolneents p. 1
Qzzaetr~y Week],v Rfporg; Wo.A Po
4
TOGA
Ih
Data for tho 791h Congres- are compiled from U- Conpres
1 9, 1,
1345 p. 1064 Foe ai Other
e
;
StaffI.rpelor,; C ngrusgonal Qnute ty Almo
1ong
Pujblishing Co, Congn w
Yelo'w lBo 3
congresss , 430 from the 92,rd loSnfTes to the 971,h C,
-! ql
3 Figuiree rhilve tden House
h@4member 4f selccL
r~ia and
St-ltoA, Sppe1ah
&.1aint
Coxaited
0
Z1.2
:a_' of Congs. Cc
Delegates and
Nubcomri~ttc
fatnuding
Commntteaff
1,8
Source" Dar through the t02nd Congress are takeui h wr
Report No. 493-07 GOV, by Ikuheot Mon and CaroI Hlardy V
1 Itg-nning with the 92nd Con.gce,
-S
1
1298
In the 104th Cnnhgeoss there were 135 Rsf,p entmfives, 'Clu
2 .fhin li-sre i,- derived by h iding the nu rbor ofconuil
C
iheir subomnite .va
frit
nuted it thoe figu res
,136 i
4nu
the 92nd
CRS-14
Table 4. Distribution of Representatives
by Number of Committee and Subcommittee Assignments,
102nd-104th Conressl
..
....
Nu Cer of
ents
Number of Rlepresentatives
102nd Cogress
103rd Congress
3
3
10,
Conigress2
6
23
2
9
3
39
67
68
4
46
45
87
5
35
37
85
6
51
57
'07
7
94
119
32
8
674,
9
49
32
8
10
26
11
1
19
0
114
4
12
40
13
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
6.0
4,5
17
Average Nu
6
Aasi4MentS Den
IPuibli-ing Co., Waahingon, D C- 1991 and 1992ads. for !02nd- Fall ed., 1914 for
)r l4th.
the 102ndLCngrts
was als ore v-ia
Leader and Minori
louse standing, select, andjoint committees and their subomm itees Teby d' mir re~lct hrIoe hi ppostio-s,
:reas, task 'area. boar s, or commissiors
fmriiy Loadr do not sore on Ftanding, seect, orjoint committees except in an ex-offi io capaor r. Thus for
Prteth 1r3rd Congrera, data aic provided for 437 Members because there
elt,
ata are provided 'or 4cB M8
dqla rv ph-i0ed for 136 Memben because- in addition, the Majority
it tis time, For the 104th G-n-rFi,
Whip did -ol
serve on any committees.
2 Data
are varoil as CZille Spring of !99.
These averages differ from tie table "House Committee A-Assigments, "9th-'4*h Con,
result from using data from different sources as available for the respetive time periods
uirch
as 0.J. The differenci
CRS-15
Table 5. House CommitLee
CurntCmm8owr
1981
17
A~ !r71
7fl
198
1921084
2T
Staff 1979-
6
62
62
6.5
571
Appropria .Aius
11
12
137
133
147
170
too
l 917
Barikh!,6 mid Finai-M Services
14f
945
87
95
87
91
9
90
94
(,
94
97
95
0.1
100
108
A
l
101
1011
idgret1
81
84
Cummk im,
154
146
1I
140
1 01
Econumc arid Erhu+..ional
-isr di
120
136
HI
Ing
"15
I11
120
il
191
192
188
IDA
212
zoo
lb misc Ovq-gigbtl
266
250
2611
25F
256
2661
A5
9
8
+-Hv+:rw min f,.R
(v
8rnl
3
Nafla S eriirty
Nai6-1a
;.ur'e
Science
AG
82
8C,
8
447
5o
9
AD
r.,
7'
+)]
70
+
71
7
12,
u
4
d Ards of Offia(31
, Rtdu.
Trr.pridation
i89and 14m, It uO EA
rv
I
;j
42
4V,
1
5
43
87
90 1
in
76
76
A9
8
205
200
6
69
200
215
8
68
T
2
-,18
212
148
1
6
4
14
139
12
144
Ir2
144
140
Mb
70
110
116
121
109
li1
117
115
104
104
69
2,1
195
195
19J
0
01
208
206
195
182
81
269
254
273
277
293
2,5
314
32D
31$
161
86
95
95
I.
1n
101
106
102
93
02
$82
72
7
C1
9
781
nOr62 Brt
3)i
6
67
68
72
69
69
67
71
46
46
75
79
74
71
Z3
51
,8
0
10
9
1n0
81
86
81
82
A
'71
8
73
7
67
81
82
8
75
65
i
71
82
21
7
72
45
4
76
79
76
85
n1
A4
.0
53
54
62
151
49
54
51
43
1:;
28
1
10
8
11
11
12
10
9
oF
81
83
84
97
88
87
81
75
29
5
8+
AC,1
32
g8i
3
81
33
00
12
34
32
41
4
2
41
42
46
60
41
0
91
91
91
91
92
88
94
9
96
98
138
138
ll
103
:W
2-9
22
19
17
22
18
21
22
25
25
27
24
24
1,86
1,924
M1
Permanut Se.lect (OPFTMt.PP ,iN
D
1,7fl,
1,86!
46
48
92
1
63
1
'.o
91
21
60
16
.
Wsys ard We0
Su1,t,
I
2, 1
141
88
818y)
Smill l a
Vetel.n
w s
7
s
199d
And
k+-rm
Rda l
St
19__
__99?
O
1,918
1940
,
29110
I7
2,1
In
'0in
,39
,97
24
1.21
CRS-16
Table 5. House Committee Ltf_
Othr
Conuvittoi
''l~i
b 1I0
199 ~
4 lid
198
11179
3
37
7
Children Youth, and Families
1'
17
4
i it~I
4
77
44
8
36
22
22
20
23
20
2h
1
15
i'
15
15:
1
14
11 nger
1
I'l,
1 , tis i Covert Amsa
TratiUriltatio w'tb Iran
91
70
81.
72
60
Nareoics Abuse and 'uutrol
24
2(0
6
16
1
Outer Contineotn Shelf
12
'IYrAL
2XO77
7
'onreu
Data through 1994 were taketn frm S. Lif
1994. CRS Repurt No 93-445 111 erraim Tr,
6d,&
as of September )0, -xcept,Itat1 19915 rigures are as 4
its table is based on 1995 committee FI rtwte. V
•Axmed S
ics The staff'of the Cuncil tvec; onr [eact
for comparing with tmelnew Gowvrruuet Reform andC
limruaite-O and other committees
eliminated
before 1!
3 Fion'r-
for
1
19
"I
16
15
76
76
-
Merchant Marine and Fieiries
Thiamnmn ]ibt, the
i
2
-uoe:
in
ingcul
1,1
,qolj)
0
9il
:Lgh
Freduri-k I I P~xit
19 951,
80
77
G1
73
74
1
a2b
We 41;
75
76
7
2 -I)
1,998
18
2J01
2,094
ll
71
74
36
2,29b
1271
"11
2,001!
1,217
ne it Ho e acd Senate Co
immitee
lnqu in Fun dirg asI NeSfeng Aite
h oriatons 97 on, 1993 p 7- 1 hm I yvaTI the oripil ou ee
was the feporf [fthe Clcrh o 't e Iouse
i. chanis -%ocv rr4,d (tat Is Hlama was To
tfo tie eorespondng committee te g.. Natinaiul Si
hie
tly is vten ievd to the tor er
'Civil Serviio ano Sic District of CAhmbia were added tu l C mm ilk e wi
eove
nmunt Upratis in the years 1979- 1994
o<mantee, Thn, Casmnitee o rluvhlt Mariie i ml Fisilw rIc. eliminated in 1995 (with jursdlion transferred to multi e
-4s!etod in th . - x,,n 1
1 he table as "other committees."
h~b, 4i
order.
I
The House'
only non-staading com.ini
ih
1,
Prrear
i
.eet
IS,-Iv
Committee oniti!hignce,
In
it lited last
mlhNi, thamt elxted, Thus,ethe d nit shoatthe committee structure o1 patt Congesses
CRS- 7
Table 6. Comparison of House Committee Staff, 1994 and 1995'
1199
1994
Iee..
Commit
Agricuin re
61
Aproiatn212
C
Agriculture
65
anrking
Natia
Fianceiankin
and Urban ffair
a8k
Budget
98
Budget
nf Columcia
38
-
Fdue -ti-n and Labor
104
Eneiv and Co
138
eir-,
Foreign Affairs
92
Government Operationes
74
House Administretiod
1Ltelli
s
tt
316
cinr
24
NClomite
46
Appropr atine
Anied S- rvkes
Diter
Staff Red-ictions
16
14h
i
4
9%
andFinncia3-5
andF
40%
1
Eonomic and Educatona. Opyertunities
-3
47
61
PI
3%
-
-
69
Commerce
Interm
P-Lthon-
Government Reform and Over0gl
Pet
6E
49%
61u
i
32
al
House Ovrzgbni
-
261
intc tigence
17.
24
0
,h1
0
17
2%
74
100%
2
70
347
7
4
Offie and Civil Se2
Public Works & Tranepari-
1
Judiciary
Merhant Marine and Fisheie,4
a
Natural Resources
25%
1%60
1
....
Transportadin and Infrastructure
75
6
7%
Rules
150
Rules
35
15
30%
Scianca, Space and Techno]i•
8D
Science
5
27
34%
28
15
35%
f_nd_
Sm', Foashqs
Stadar
Vniorn-wi
43
Qf Oflal
AiTa
_____
Sta, dhrfk of O-ficial Conduct
41
Veterans' Affars
29
12
297
-Ways am Mens
61
42
4
Is eand Jsleals
.
Se ni.; Rd-,,
1
to te
..
Sma-I Buerne
a wl
9
-,
1071
f 14
the C erh, .fnkp House, Septemrer 80, 1994 and March 31, 19-6
This tabk refleacts:he AiangzsM committee structure between 194 and 199, WIhre name changes a rred, cmparieon if made
crespondung conmhtv
-e.g. Armed Seees is compared to the new Na ional Security CoMmi-te
2 The merger of the Cuunit-e (n Pcst Ofi:c and CM' Servie, Dtrict of Colum ia, ard
government Operazions into one
comait-, Gornrmint Ffform and (versight resulted in a staff reduction of 101 or 5r' of the previous total for the three committees.
Tbir O-gore is reflected ite
zel staff reduction of 684.
.3 Ttal includes staffaflIcuoe Infmatin Systef6 o
r 228 Ahik, the ot-er sff
N994 .- werr HIS, aniffane 67 were nr.t in 199; - 1 S, -taffwas reduced
declined to 53
4 The Committee on Merchant Marina and Fisheries was eliminated in 19,
CR S18
Table 7. Number uf Senate Committees and Their Subcommittees,
79th-1O4th Congress
ISelect and
String
Special
Committees
Committees
Number,
Full
Number
Sb
I
Suutotal
iA Committees
d
er,
N umber
Sub
Full
a
u
m
mittees
Number,
Full
Numbrr
Sub
7
10
6
NA
46
NA
NA
NA
6
NA
24
NA
NA
ll
Commi
79
1 45 46
13
57
8
(1947-481
15
61
8i
1949-50i
15
E3
2
N1A
0
NA
27
NA
NA
82
1951-52)
15
66
8
NA
9
NA
27
NA
NA
83
19-4)
15
I
NA
10
2C
NA
NA
84
1955-56;
15
81
5
NA
10
"%C
A
N.
113
85
4
3
Q5
127
85 '!7,
9L_____18
86
!959-60
16
87
5
0
87
(1961-62
16
88
2
6
88
193 -64)
1
885
i89
195-66f
16
92
90
(1967-68,
16
98
9
92
1969-0)
(71
72)
16
101
93
1P73-74)
-8
94
097.5-16)
18
95'977-8)
!1
1
p
27
107
134
i C3
Mi
104
133
5
7
122
12
1
32
125
157
12
1
15
.0
30
128
148
158
173
15
9
16
34
156
190
M
7
14
81
149
180
26
113
1,39
96____5
151
1
142
i12
6
9
4
5
24
105
129
4
6
24
111
135
25
11-2
1I7
24
9.1
118
93
118
21
95
119
8
24
95
119
5
0
25
85
111
4
0
24
E8
92
96
9,9
15
97
k191-
tL
10)
98
k 9K-4
16
102
5
1198-6
16
8
4
0
4
6
!30
1 ]-9
7-8,.
1c
55
5
G
4
8
131
41 99-90
16
86
4
1
4
8
102
9 19-2S
b
8rL
4
0
4
103
11998-,4)
16
85
4
0
104'7
11995-90
8
4
4
,
0
Source- Data thrOigb tbe 102n Congrler I taken from US. Library of Congress, Confessional Research Service Workload and
s Snate, 1946-1992. Repor No 443'78 GOV. by Robert Muo and Carol IlardyVincera. Washington 1992.
A irn Report: Untd Stcrt
Record. hots f committee assignmen-s published by
otherwise noted, sources include the CrrcsIma
alesr
p, 31 For all Congresses, u
ni7 and
Congre; fonal Quarivri A7a'
Senc tary of rbI Seoiatp, Brown os, Congr0assona7Staf-DirecoD. Congressional Quartery
and Monitor Publishing
e atbe.Vews.
Cowgreoonn cdAdrmin o
P
W: PUsh1 4xo Co'. T C
r-psrlWe(9719
7
(ongressyco7a,714n
b ellow Book
ogreo ,nu
Co-, Co
t1.
NA indicates thai the information is not readiCy available,
I I741705
oue thre-member Ad Hoe Working Group of the Selct Committee on Intelligence.
2 Does not inbde one'as]
1. fe-
e7 a
S Data are current as of clip spring cr
47A1dAJg
Committee.
995-
CRS19
Table 8. Senate Committee Assignments, 79th-lO
To1 Num...
o..mm1i.
alg
i89dect,
Standing
jjome
Sub committees 84
of Standing
ISpeia,
~vm
I
n
....
eignmocipi
1
bmeitt,
!
f Seleo
on-
79
191.5 46
489
J17
98
NA
NA
80
0194-48)
201
326
62
NA
NA
11449-0)
208
13
62
NA
NA
82
41951-62
293
332
87
NA
NA
83
1983-54)
211
372
63
NA
NA
2.2
212
b14
IOU
48
874
21
9&7 F&
228
630
99
6
86
09 611
251
631
1,
W;
87
1961 6b2)
2I
8
94
85
5
( 1139
i
119o.310
41F6.]I
89
(1965461
2511
72,
I11
90
f19I-681:
252
752
91
I 1969-70)
241970
92
11 71-72)
247
n5
911
19734-
258
946
94
19240
96
2.1
1.
2
Ui
3.9
10
NA
NA
(),7
NA
NA
1.0
015
91
04
9.3
13 7
10 6
0
I
1
10
1111
1t9
154
t,2q2
2.5
7.11
,1
15
120
165
1-Rd
25
7.6
12
L7
11
184
1 416
2.5
8.0
1.1
L8
124
197
1-46
2.5
9 0
1.2
2,0
14.6
217
1,53;9
2,6
9.6
1.5
22
15.7
228
1,857
2.4
9.7
1.2
2;3
15-9
1.01
2)
96
0.8
0,7
106
68
0.8
10,7
658
9U
2,5
69
7
64
1,119
41
6.9
80
49
1,19
8 0
77
29
NA
1I
1,074
(190-841
NA
66
76
96
0
2.
78
202
NA
1G'
6
11981-21
A
N1[A
A
52
1
97
22I0fl
1,1
18
w
12
24977U
:=im
46
,4
89)
95
F,
of S'milast
87
0.8
128
I2
13A
11.2
05
120
CRS-20
Table 8. Senate Committec Assignments, 79th-1 04
Total Ninbcr of Committee Ainmna
StanqIng
Congress
99
100
i
Com
tls
Sol act,
Subcorawi~
of Standing
Committees
Special,
& joint2
of Select,
Spival , Joint
ormfttes
2.8
G72
74
47
1 176
187-88
29d
688
84
30
8
7]13
76
33
l02
1(99192)
294
738
83
198
11998-94)
294
744
1(K
6Ig9-96)
294
628
66296
Data for sabcoumnitt e i oftitanding (.onii.ilii
s for !fi
79h C
I Fhi3 figure is &-rived by dividing the
8umrbr Of conniltee
2 Figires rAcH ila Xi'r a
fv
of
i
nor eranding c-rnmit
3 Date ar. curiont As Of tio, Fpringof 1995
tt
8upecapitattees
Speial,
& goin
of Select
Specia joint
0.7
TotI
05
10,6
g68
19"q
7 1
03
0.3
112
29
74
08
0.8
11.5
1,1P1
29
74
tf
1 Oo
2,9
-2
08
I
0
C01
Select,
9
7
Source Datahrough th
sarclaitrUm
fO2rong
U
COV y Rby erit Moon and Carol Hardy Vinvent, WashingtJ
Svs-- Marah I'-Jne 29, 1945 Winbgton, L-& (- I'D., 194F)
states Telephone Direettij-, May 1984. S na,, Pcato
, 93l
Uotgreq.,'nal Raeord; lists of committee asngnm--nt igh
Congrcssonaf Quareerly Weekiy Rclpo t; W,.,t Pi dh,-ii Co.,
NA indicate ghUt the irornhrntiot
ri
atiadly
ovailav |
s
g
Totld
282
6-90)
ofni
mnites
k196h861
(
104
I uvr
Sublcvasmleec
1u(1
-
-trice W
compiled froam1r
IL, D~ata for
oad
d Actw
aRao I U
1 o
11.4
i)
tatcs Scote
10.0
aReport
93-789
m te on the
7tho of Cono ss. tarings, 79th Cong., 1st
tho 98th Cgress werederived from U S Cuigreipi
S-oatc United
tt
U P
1
p. 77-12
in
nurced the
0 Fur all Other Conrsos,
OeretarWy Of tike 9WIaU BrowaN
any
fi/ ir["
fir rr
Cor
soop i Quarterly Atootsw atnd
Adrnvr.nsire,
New
e and Monitor Publishring (in, Congressi na Yeliw Book,
~awfg cammait
by
la
a
J
96 rm Iin 791 Coi poin
is soict-t cpeiaL and joint c(srnittees and their
io
f i5tb
ubcotmmittoes
Congress and It0 since t1rhei
CRS-21
Table 9. Distribution of Senators by Number of Committee.
and Subcommittee Assignments, 102nd-104th CongressI
Number of Senators
102nd Congress
I 0-%h d Congress
104th Congress2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
0
1
1
0
2
2
1
2
Number of Assignments
.......................
6
74
2
8
8
44
916
10
A
ii
41
16
15
14
24
12
I
10
12
12
13
12
14
8
15i
16
2
1
46
3
44
4
4
1
3
0
1
10
Average
4
2
1
0
20
0
0
0
2i
0
1
0
22
1
0
0
o ANuberr1en1s0
lAsfgl1
per Sea o3IL
17M
curztU, S.t
J
CointCmmitteen rntfr 3g°
1991 12,CongssioniLr
Dcoy
102d Congress 102ndC ong ItSae
Wazhington, LB C P(), 191 p 603-517. S. Pub. - 02-4
,
Summer, 1992,e. ffor 102ndCuings
The Cvigroqnoai Ye7ow BookP Moniter Publishing Co. Washington, DC Fall eil- 19il For Le ffBrd; and Ow Cvgressior'ac
IItou Book, Spring ed. 1995 for the 10ith.
I Figures include aL Senate standing and other committee and their subcmmitteez. They dzanoz reflect leadership positicrns
or aasagnments to caucuses. task forces. board, or commissionE,
2 Data are current as of fie Spring of '995
3Tlhsse averages differ from t
a h, "Svn iIii Comittae. ssirmert, 9h-4104hC ongres Sy
bas ruchaa 1.4 Theadifrancea
rusult fin
usiug data from
soures
oWfwruaq evaiable for !he respective
ine periods.
CRS-22
Table 10. Senate Committee Staff, 197E
___________
19791
[9 [
1980
195;2
1983
1]i 4
1985
198 7
1ii8(
l
Agr1ulture. Nutritioa & Furct-y
8l
11
32
31
32
31
30
26
Apprpmiatio
81
83
74
76
78
0
81
8
Aimed Sur'iciii
'8
341313
38
40
45
5
Rlkiug, HUiMP, &
in ffairR
37
43
38
34
34
29
a2
42
Budget
8'
85
71
70
76
69
7-
68
67
6
Tran sportation
91
F8
85
M
a7
69
86
b2
7x
7,t
Em rgy mid Natural Rcsourrfs
56
54
49
ft
53
.5 :9
18
48
iq
-
Favvirnnlni
72
60
52
5i
5
52
60
50
4
4k
'i
41
42
46
60
48
55
,8
65
52
t and Public Works
Finance
'M.
iu0
rir-ienlal Afairs
(I
67
168
1b
116
123
191
167
123
Iar
14"9
111
122
1A
124
Rle6s vod Adiviniatration
uknv,
Vetrans' Affaim
S1b21 i
jil
i18
27
10
2i
i
1. 121
4
41 1
7_
c
_8
_
7
1
4
2
2I
117
1o
1g4
117
'67
1(1
88
137
'2l
121
106
2
26
2
21
VI
,027
973
27 1
994
3
83
29
7
'3
68
59
58
4';
1
i95
gf
66
57
78
76
75
41,
1
1
4
5
9
921
19
'
4
9
2D
{
I921993
19
5l1a
1
mall
,6
t)1,1
Judiiary
and H-Tumnnn Rwi u'
1,8
9
-
t}(
i
_
46
601
49
70
62
55
49
47
If
43
36
4A
41
39
44
35
6'
61
46
52
46
6
66
5
4
5
5
105
112
10F
12
A7
88
64
I
128
214
l87
M
7j
91
84
101
110
112
9,1
t26
107
106
82
28
26
27
28
27
28
2,
25
21
23
18
21
21)
22
2
24
2
20
25
23
24
19
Ifi25
.13
24
27
22
25
22
22
24
14
8
q2
Q79
t,004
993
667
? 19
946
4
1,00
x
1
CRS-23
Table 10. Senate Commitiee Staff. 19711WTAND,)iNC oNmmu'lEs~
979~
1"0'
11~
5
aa
D8C
,-
ij
-19)--
109
V 5
OTUER
Agin.
10
1
Ethics
2
Indian Affhir
17
Intelligence
4?
28
23
32
Ni
1
i
2
2
9
81
19
13
19 :
8
21
21
21
23
44
41
39
40
;'V
4
IN
38
I9 N[1
98
fl .
Ixpied Conifteeg2
d
1
T OTA L
Soncu ' Repir, f fthr5
, 1
certery of
I rhp Conuifte on Sin]I B40ns
14~~a
, 12
1,0 74 1 I t 2
1 ,2 '
14
2
51
1
-
34
104d
I10744
20
PHU
IJ,0
5
11
40
.
1 14
l1 8
22
Ii:) ,
21
1
20
22
49
15
26
120l
12 0
25
1
28
21
1 09,()3
29
1,1 12 ; t,12 2
12-1
1 124 .
i t)
l9fl
96
9 &i
7
7 91
e Senate as of Sept mib
wq, a select
onateifte0
itteh
a
1i1
.
2 1 hh row ro.ntels rxmnittees that existed at some tim,-frna
A liviti. S fie iDepa
etib
oofJustice. l)1984 tii
MilitarY Assistance to Ifra ar
he Noositio
Ol,
was
In 19i82 there wam aeSelect Corintteo to Study Law Enforopinnt U1 hmovor
T
GnuniLkev SyStvm
Y
In 11187 and 1988 Chore w s a Select C(1m4 itl,4 r
;0m01theo o4n POW/MA Affa4rL
Secret
CRS-24
APPENDIX OF SELECTED REFORM COMMITTEES
I. The Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress, 1945.
Davidson, Roger H. The Legislative Reorganization Ac
Legislative studies quarterly, v. 15, Aug. 1990: 357-373.
of 194&
Galloway, George B. The operation of the Legislative Reorgo
of 1946, American political science review, v. 45, Mar -'
Act
Pauls, Frederick H. Legislative Reorganization Act o. 1946:
provisions. Aug, 6, 1991. Washington, Congressional Rese
1991. 8 p. (91-593 RCO)
2. The Joint Committee on the Organization of the Congress, 19(
Bibby, John F. and Roger H.
Legislative Reorganization
studies in the legislative
Press, 1972. p. 2 51-280.
Iavitz. Walter. The Legislativ
studies quarterly, v. 15, Au
3. The Joint Ci
U.S,
Col
Organ
192(l
(Repo
US.
Con
Or,2-n
Inertia and change:
The
In their On Capitol Hill;
ed.
Hindsdale,
Dryden
on Act of 1970. Legislative
99
ittee on the Organization of Congress, 1993.
s. Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress.
on of the Congress; final report pursuant to H. Con. Res.
I Congress), Washington, G.P.O., 1993 2 v. (108, 345 pJ
mate, 103rd Congress, 1st session, no. 103-215)
Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress.
on of the Congress; final report pursuant to H. Con. Res.
[ Congress). Washington, G.P.O, 1993. 2 v (162, 345 p.)
house, 103rd Congress, Ist session, noo 103-413)
4,
This appendix ists the major reform committees of t-he past 50 years that. focused
exclusively, primarily, or substantially on the committee system in the House, Senate, or
both. Other efforts and measures affecting the committee system have been numerous
and are not covered here. From the vast literature on reform, the appendix also
identifies a few citations to the work of each committee if further information is desired-
CRS-25
Evans, C. Lawrence and Walter J. Oleszek. The politics of congressional
reform: the Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress. In
Remaking Congress; change and stability in the 1990s. Edited by
James A. Thurber and Roger H. Davidson. Washington. Congressional
Quarterly Press, 1995. p. 73-98.
4, The House Select Committee on Committees, 1973-1974.
Davidson, Roger H, and Oleszek, Walter J. Congress against itself.
Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1977. 306 p
Major House committee reform rejected. In 1974 CQ Almanac. Edited by
Carolyn S. Mathiasen. v. 30. Washington, Congressional Quarterly
Press, 1975. p. 634-641.
5. The House Select Committee on Committees. 2979-1980.
U.S. Congress. House. Select Committee on Committees. Final Report of
the Select Committee on Committees. Apr. 1, 1980, Washington,
G.P.O.. 1980, 669 p. (Report House 96th Congres,i
2nd session, no.
96-866)
Committee reorganization: Select Committee on Committees. In 1980 CQ
Almanac, Edited by Mary Cohn. v. 36. Washington, Congressional
Quarterly Press. 1981, p. 562-563.
6. The Temporary Select Committee to Study the Senate Committee System,
1976-1977.
Davidson, Roger H. Two avenues of change:
House and Senate
coitee
reorganization. In Congress reconsidered. Edited by
Lawrence C. Dodd and Bruce L Oppenheimer. 2nd ed. Washington,
Congressional Quarrerly Press, 981. p. 107-133.
Parris, Judith H. The Senate reorganizes its committees, 1977. Political
science quarterly, v. 94, summer 1979: 319-337.
7. The Temporary Select Committee to Study the Senate Committee System,
1984
U.S. Congress. Senate. Temporary Select Committee to Study the Senate
Committee System. Report together with proposed resolutions. Dec.
14 1984. Washington, G.P.O., 1984. 61 p. (Print, Senate, 98th
Congress, 2nd session, no. 98-254)
Calmes, Jacqueline and Diane Granat. 'Minor' panels not completed:
Senate cuts committee slots; Members assigned to panels.
Congressional Quarterly weekly report, v. 43, Feb. 23, 1 985: 348. 364.