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Matter Classification
Notes
First, Watch this tutorial video on
Matter Classification:
Click the button to go to the video:
Matter Classification
Or copy & paste this link into your web browser:
http://www.sophia.org/classification-of-matter/classification-ofmatter-tutorial?topic=3-ms-matter-metrics-andmeasurement
What is matter?
Matter
• Matter is anything that has volume &
mass (including gasses).
• Things that are not made of matter
include fire, light, gravity, sound, and
heat.
How is matter
classified?
Classification of Matter Chart
All matter is classified as a pure substance
or a mixture based on its composition.
Copy this chart!
What qualifies
something as a pure
substance?
Pure Substances
• A pure substance has a fixed
composition.
• Pure substances are made of a single
repeating particle- either an element or a
molecule- with nothing else mixed in.
• Pure substances are either compounds
or elements.
• Cannot be separated into its
components by any physical methods
How are atom and
element related?
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
• An element is a pure substance that
cannot be broken down into simpler,
stable substances and is made of one
type of atom.
• There are over 100 elements, all listed
on the periodic table.
• An atom is the smallest unit of an
element. Atoms are the particles that
make up elements.
How are compound
& formula related?
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
• A compound is a pure substance that
can be broken down into simpler
substances (atoms) but only through
chemical reactions.
• A molecule is the smallest unit of an
compound. They are made from two or
more bonded atoms in a fixed
composition.
• The composition of a compound is
represented by a chemical formula.
How are elements
and compounds
alike?
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
There is a key
similarity between
elements and
compounds.
Elements &
compounds are made
of only one repeating
unit or particle. They
are pure.
How are elements
different from
compounds?
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
There is a key
difference between
elements and
compounds.
Compounds can be
broken down into
atoms by chemical
means (chemical
reactions), but
elements cannot.
What does a
chemical formula tell
about a compound?
Compounds
• A chemical formula is a
shorthand list of the ingredients
that make up one molecule of the
compound.
Example:
C3H8O = isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol
– C3 represents 3 carbons
– H8 represents 8 hydrogens
– O represents 1 oxygen
What are the names
& formulas of the
most common
compounds?
Compounds
Know these common compound formulas &
names:
H2O = water
NaCl = table salt, sodium chloride
NaHCO3 = baking soda, sodium bicarbonate
CH3COOH = vinegar, acetic acid
CO2 = carbon dioxide
C12H22O11 = table sugar, sucrose
C3H8O = rubbing alcohol, isopropyl alcohol
H2O2 = hydrogen peroxide
What qualifies
something as a
mixture?
Classification of Matter
• A mixture is a blend of two or more
kinds of matter, each of which retains
its own identity and properties.
• mixed together physically
• can usually be separated
physically
• composition is not uniform
• has no chemical formula
What are the types
of mixtures?
Classification of Matter
• Homogeneous mixtures are called
solutions
• uniform in composition (salt-water
solution)
• does not look like a mixture
• Heterogeneous mixtures
• not uniform throughout (sand-water
mixture)
• the mixtures components are visible
Types of Mixtures
Examples of Mixtures
Homogeneous
Mixtures
Tea
Stainless steel
Syrup
Tap water
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
Chocolate chip cookies
Granite, marble
Salad
Dirt
How can mixtures
be separated?
Mixture Separation
• The way a mixture is separated
depends on the properties of
the substances in the mixture.
• Some mixture separation
methods include:
Filtration
Distillation
Magnetism
Freezing
Centrifuge
Decantation
Hand separation
How are pure
substances different
from mixtures?
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
There is a key
difference between
pure substances &
mixtures.
Mixtures can be
separated into their
component parts by
physical methods.
Pure substances
cannot.