Encounters
ALUMNI MAGAZINE • VOLUME 6 • ISSUE 4 • DECEMBER 2008
Personal
Enrichment
Breaking Ground
Expanding Success
As Noted
“Develop a passion for learning. If you do, you will
never cease to grow,” said Anthony J. D’Angelo,
entrepreneur and author.
One of the hallmarks of a successful institution
of higher education is its ability to instill in its
students, alumni, faculty and staff a commitment
to life-long learning. This is critical to our ability
to grow as individuals both in and out of the
classroom, in our jobs and in every other aspect
of our lives.
From the moment students enter our
classrooms, Owens Community College
encourages them to develop a passion for lifelong learning. Through the Success Program and
other scholarship initiatives, we are expanding
access to higher education across Northwest
Ohio. Also, through creative and innovative
programs such as the Bridge to Success, we are
providing students with the tools they need
to succeed at Owens. Special events such as
"An Uncommon Evening" give community
friends and organizations an opportunity to
invest in student success.
The College encourages commitment to
learning long after graduation. Through our
Workforce and Community Services division, the
College offers a variety of personal enrichment,
professional development and computer training
opportunities for community members and
Owens faculty, staff and alumni.
As we learn, we continue to grow. Throughout
the pages of this newsletter, you will see evidence
of the College’s focus on life-long learning. I
hope this will inspire you to keep on learning and
growing as well.
Sincerely,
David W. Seeger
President
Owens Community College Alumni Association
I am proud to say that the Alumni Association
has supported wholeheartedly the Owens
Community College Foundation’s Success
Program and other scholarship initiatives. Since
its inception in 2003, our annual Golf Classic
has raised more than $180,000 in support of
the Alumni Legacy Endowed Scholarship Fund
and, added this year, the Detective Keith Dressel
Memorial Scholarship Fund.
President of the College
Christa Adams, Ph.D.
Board of Trustees
John Moore, Chair
Dee Talmage, Vice Chair
John Ault
Allan Libbe
Ronald McMaster, Ph.D.
R J Molter
Richard Rowe
2
Foundation Board Members
Arthur Smith, Chairman
Thomas Pounds, Vice Chairman
Dee Talmage, Secretary
Daniel Kimmet, Treasurer
Ann Savage, President/CEO
Christa Adams
Continued
James Baehren
Charles Bills
James Carter
John Christy
Timothy Coleman
James Geers
Allan Libbe
John McDermott
Paul Meinerding
John Moore
James Murray
Alan Sattler
David Seeger
Rasesh Shah
Emily Walton
J. Michael Wilder
John Zajac
Alumni Association Board
David Seeger, President
Andrea Gurcsik, Vice President
Christi Wagner, Secretary
Steve Cotner, Treasurer
Janet Meacham, Past President
Laura Moore, Executive Director
Lorena Baird
Mark Carr
Carolyn Chapman
Debra Green
Allen Gunn
Nick Huenefeld
Angela Jackson
Kaye Koevenig
Susan Litten
Michael Rickard
Ann Savage
Continued
Allison Schroeder
Bill Steele
Regina Woodson
Alumni Relations Office
Laura Moore, Director
Stacie Majewski, Secretary
Encounters Magazine
Laura Moore, Editor
Sarah Householder, Project Manager
and Contributor
Matthew Finkhousen, Designer
Sarah Metzger, Contributor
Brad Meyer, Contributor
Brian Yinger, Photographer
Breaking Ground for
Groundbreaking Building
Owens Community College hosted a
groundbreaking ceremony for the $3.2
million Center for Emergency Preparedness
Operations Building this November.
“The simulated burn building will allow firefighters to experience
a variety of fire conditions in an environment that is reactive and
completely safe,” said Michele Johnson, Chair of the School of
Safety and Emergency Preparedness.
Construction of the 28,000-square-foot Operations Building has
begun. It will house the only indoor simulated burn building in
the country.
In addition, the facility will include a façade of a building complete
with television screens as windows, so that firefighters can see the
flames from outside the simulator.
The four-story simulated burn building will be housed within
the Operations Building and will include three screens where a
simulated fire can be projected. The screens will be protected by a
see-through plexiglass wall so that firefighters can spray water at
the screen. A high-tech computer will sense the water spray at the
screen and react by changing the fire simulation based on the way
the firefighters are fighting the fire.
The building is also designed for high-angle rescue, ground and
aerial ladder drills, high-rise hose evolution, and rappel entry and
exit training, as well as roof ventilation training exercises with a
replaceable roof.
The projection program will allow first responders to conduct a
variety of structure burn scenarios, such as residential, commercial,
processing or electrical equipment fires, using actual water within a
controlled virtual fire and smoke environment.
Additional features will include six classrooms, eight offices,
two reception areas, locker room facilities and a 40-foot-high bay
complex with 10 overhead garage doors, which will house the
simulated burn building and first responder vehicles. It will contain
Owens Center for Emergency Preparedness and Toledo Fire and
Rescue Department and Emergency Medical Services Bureau staff
and offices.
At the groundbreaking, State Fire Marshal Michael Bell announced
that the Operations Center will be the Northwest Ohio training arm
for the Ohio Fire Academy.
The building is scheduled to be complete in the summer of 2009. 
Above: Rendering of the Operations Building.
Right: At the groundbreaking, State Fire
Marshal Michael Bell announced that the
Operations Center will be the Northwest Ohio
training arm for the Ohio Fire Academy.
3
Expanding the
Success Program
The Owens Community College Foundation
is piloting its new Success Program with
Woodward High School in Toledo and
Findlay High School during the 2008-09
academic year. The Success Program bridges
the gap between a student’s federal financial
grant aid and the cost of tuition and fees at
Owens. This gives students the opportunity
to earn an associate’s degree, with the
related objective of encouraging high school
students to stay in school and earn their high
school diploma. To date, 87 Woodward and
Findlay high school students have chosen to
continue their education at Owens through
the Success Program.
Complementing the Success Program,
Owens created the Bridge to Success Program
to assist students in making a smooth
transition from high school to college. The
bridge program exposes students, who may
never have aspired to attend college, to an
array of academic initiatives, including
academic preparation, exposure to campus
life, tutoring, mentoring and intrusive
academic advising.
With the expansion, fourteen high schools
in Toledo and Findlay are now partners in
the Owens Success Program. To be eligible,
students must graduate from high school,
be enrolled in 12 or more credit hours each
semester at Owens and complete their Free
Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA)
to determine financial aid and receive some
federal/state grant funding. Recipients must
enroll at Owens during the first Fall Semester
following graduation and will have three
years to complete their associate’s degree
through the Success Program initiative.
Eventually, the Owens Community College
Foundation plans to offer the Success
Program to all qualifying high school
graduates throughout the College’s legal
district, which includes Lucas, Wood and
Hancock counties as well as part of Sandusky
and Ottawa counties. Toward that end, the
Foundation is continuing to seek donations to
expand the program. For more information on
supporting the Foundation’s Success Program,
please call Ann Savage at (567) 661-7184,
e-mail [email protected] or visit
www.owens.edu/foundation/index.html. 
Thanks to strong community support, in
fall 2009, the Foundation will expand the
Success Program partnership to include
all high schools within the Toledo Public
Schools district. In announcing the
expansion at Waite High School, Dr.
Christa Adams, President of Owens
Community College, said “Every
student should have the opportunity
to pursue a college education and
realize their goals and ambitions.”
On behalf of the Toledo Public
Schools, Superintendent John Foley
said “The Success Program provides
our students with a tremendous
opportunity to attend college and
pursue an associate’s degree while
planning for a successful future.”
4
Above: Julian Ballard,
Commercial Art Major and
Success Program Student
Left: Bethany Bitter,
Medical Assisting Major
and Success Program Student
Gala Raises More Than $35,000
More than 250 area residents recently
enjoyed “An Uncommon Evening” of dinner
and entertainment in support of the Success
Scholarship Program as Owens Community
College’s Foundation and the Hilton Garden
Inn at Levis Commons held its Grand
Opening Gala.
“The event was a huge success and
would not have been possible without the
overwhelming support of Northwest Ohio’s
companies, as well as area residents,” said
Ann Savage, Owens Executive Director
of Fund Development and Foundation
President/CEO.
The food for the event added to the
entertainment as the waiters marched into the
darkened room with the first course – chilled
king crab with a curry apple dressing in a
lighted bowl made from ice. Each of the five
courses delighted guests with their unique
ingredients and stunning presentations.
All “An Uncommon Evening” proceeds –
more than $35,000 – will benefit Owens
scholarships through the Success Program.
Guests had the opportunity to mingle and
get their photos taken with Elvis in the lobby,
while bidding on uncommon items in the
Silent Auction.
The real stars of the evening were the Success
Program's students. Featured at the center
of each table was a photo of students in the
program and a letter sharing their story.
Elvis, played by John Jensen, served as
master of ceremonies. He was joined by
a variety of acts, including students from
the Toledo School for the Arts with their
larger-than-life puppets and musicians from
Glass City Steel Drums. Owens students
and faculty lent their musical talents to the
evening through the sounds of Tapestry and
The Jazz Express.
All the guests could agree, the event lived
up to its goal and tag line – an uncommon
evening for the common good. 
5
Enrichment
at Owens
Owens Community College has a department to help people in
the pursuit of a hobby, a new career, personal or professional
advancement or just looking for a way to learn new skills.
Workforce and Community Services is located on both the Toledo-area
and Findlay-area campuses. The Toledo-area Campus has a variety of
classes for many different types of interests.
6
Programs regularly offered include:
• Preparing a Healthy, Green Home
• Maintaining a Healthy Computer
• PowerPoint 2007
• A+ Certification
• Comedy Workshop
• Calligraphy
• Belly Dance
• Ballroom Dance
• Video Game Making Online
• LEGO Engineering
• Stained Glass Window Panel
• And more
WCS works with local homeschooling families and organizations.
Parents can tap into the talent of the 1,100 faculty members at Owens.
Hands-on science courses, writing workshops, foreign languages and
computer technology classes can be custom-designed into a program
that meets the specific curriculum needs of homeschoolers.
WCS provides opportunities for learning on the go. Students can
take classes in business, personal enrichment and more - all online.
These instructor-led online courses, more than 300 in all, are fun,
convenient and highly interactive. All courses run for six weeks and
consist of 12 lessons. Students can complete these courses from home
or office, any time of the day or night and most cost just $99. The next
session starts January 21.
WCS just began offering a sampling of its most popular classes at the
Browning Masonic Community Center in Waterville to better serve
the surrounding communities. Some classes can even be delivered to
you (and six of your friends) for a special occasion of fun or learning a
new skill. Gift certificates are also available.
WCS is also dedicated to providing customerdriven workforce development and job
training focusing on developing professional
skills to meet the needs of the community
and employers. WCS offers training at their
site or yours and topics are consistent with
current and emerging educational and
labor market needs. These programs can be
customized to fit your company's mission
and the skill level of your workforce.
WCS is emerging as the region's go-to
source for green education. From Preparing
a Healthy, Green Home, which explores
maintenance for your home's mechanical
systems and tips for better indoor air quality
during allergy season, to Photovoltaic
Training, which covers the basics of
electricity, characteristics of photovoltaic
systems and photovoltaic theory, WCS has
green experts and classes for you.
Findlay residents have opportunities for
continual learning as well. The Owens
Findlay-area Campus houses a Workforce
and Community Services department,
formerly known as Community and
Corporate Education.
WCS staff will work with managers and
human resource professionals to develop
customized training solutions that positively
impact a company’s organizational goals.
Programs are held on the Findlay-area
Campus or on-site training to maximize
a company’s time, scheduling flexibility
and return on investment. WCS also has
the distinction of being an ISO9000:2000
certified program. Workforce and Community
Services will also act as a consulting partner
with businesses and industry.
Programs regularly offered include:
• Public Safety Supervisor Training
• Microsoft Access
• Microsoft Excel
• Comp TIA Network+
• Medical Billing and Coding
• Phlebotomy Technician
• HRCI Certificate Preparation
• HR Management Certificate
• Leadership Training
• OSHA Training
• LEGO Engineering
• And more
Alumni can also take advantage of these
classes to continue their training or learn
a new hobby.
This issue of Encounters includes a special
section with a listing of some classes
available. Let us know what you think; we
may be including this section with future
mailings if our alumni find it helpful. 
Workforce and
Community Service
Hours
Toledo-area Campus
Monday – Thursday
7:45 a.m. – 6 p.m.
Friday
7:45 a.m. – 4:15 p.m.
Findlay-area Campus
Monday – Friday
8 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
7
Golf Classic Raises
More Than $32,000
The Owens Community College Alumni
Association hosted the sixth annual Golf
Classic at the historic Belmont Country Club
in Perrysburg. Held for the first time in the
fall, the event raised more than $32,000 to
support alumni scholarship programs and
alumni outreach initiatives.
The 31-team event, included more than
125 area residents and featured 18 holes of
golf, lunch, grazing dinner and an awards
program. Hylant Group and Travelers
Insurance were the clubhouse sponsors,
while Metzgers Printing + Mailing served
as the print sponsor and Marathon Oil
Company was the hospitality sponsor.
Additional sponsors included The Toledo
Free Press as ad sponsor and Ohio Logistics/
Findlay’s Tall Timbers Distribution Centers
served as host sponsor.
The championship team of the four-person
scramble was sponsored by Mid-American
Cleaning Contractors Inc. in Lima, Ohio.
Team members included Bob Swan, John
Whittaker, Joe Whittaker and Kevin McNeil,
pictured at right.
The Alumni Association is proud that, since
its inception, the Golf Classic has netted
more than $180,000 to benefit student
scholarships, including the Alumni Legacy
Endowed Scholarship Fund and, new this
year, the Detective Keith Dressel Memorial
Scholarship Fund. The generous support
provided by Northwest Ohio’s business and
industry, as well as Owens alumni, provides
students with increased opportunities for
life-long learning. 
Scholarships Available
Alumni Legacy Scholarship
The Alumni Legacy Endowed Scholarship
Fund was established in 2004 with $10,000.
Through various Alumni Association
fundraising endeavors, including the
organization’s annual Golf Classic,
Phonathon and annual Membership Drive,
the endowment has grown to more than
$121,000.
Selection criteria are based upon applicants
being a son or daughter of a current Alumni
Association member and achieving a
minimum 3.0 cumulative grade point
average. Students must be enrolled a
minimum of six credit hours each semester.
Scholarships are not based on financial need.
8
Detective Keith Dressel
Memorial Scholarship
Detective Keith Dressel was an alumnus of
Owens Community College and a 14-year
veteran of the Toledo Police Department. To
honor Detective Dressel’s legacy, the Alumni
Association established a $10,000 endowed
scholarship fund in April 2007.
Selection criteria are based upon recipients
being enrolled a minimum of six credit
hours per semester, holding secondyear student status, achieving at least a
3.0 cumulative grade point average and
demonstrating the desire to be a police
officer. Scholarships are not based on
financial need.
Qualified students who wish to apply for
either scholarship for the 2009-10 academic
year, must submit a scholarship application
to the Office of Financial Aid by February 16,
2009. Applications are available on the
Owens Web site at: https://www.owens.edu/
foundation/scholarship.pdf. 
Welcome Stacie Majewski
Stacie Majewski joined Owens Community College in November 2008
as Alumni Relations Secretary to Laura Moore, Director of Alumni
Relations and Executive Director of the Owens Community College
Alumni Association.
Her responsibilities include providing comprehensive secretarial and administrative
support for Alumni Relations and the Alumni Association Board of Directors,
processing memberships and maintaining alumni data, coordinating meetings and
travel arrangements, maintaining financial spreadsheets, payment processing and
assisting with special events.
Majewski is an alumna herself. A 2008 graduate of the Office Administration
program, she has worked as a Receptionist and Classified Advertising Sales
Coordinator at the Toledo City Paper. She has also worked as a Student Worker at the
Owens Student Health and Activities Center and Auxiliary Services Department. 
ClassNotes
90s
The nineties
Todd Yunker (Marketing ’94)
received his bachelor’s from
Bowling Green State University
and his master’s from Defiance
College. He is currently
employed by the Toledo Mud
Hens/ Toledo Arena Sports
as the Director of Corporate
Partnership Development. Todd
resides in Maumee, Ohio.
Dan Smith (Marketing ’95)
received a degree from Lourdes
College in 1999. He is currently
a Credit Manager at Allied
Building Products. Dan has been
married for 11 years and has three
children, Haydn, 8, Hudson, 6,
and Hope, 3. The family resides
in Perrysburg, Ohio.
Boyd Montgomery (Landscape
and Turfgrass Management ’98)
works for the Toro Company in
their commercial equipment
division. He is the District Sales
Manager for the Sportsfield and
Grounds Commercial Division.
Chris Nicol (Landscape and
Turfgrass Management ’98)
is employed by the City of
Dublin as a Park Athletics
Crew Supervisor where he is in
charge of all the maintenance
on the athletic fields within the
parks system. He works with
Rob Wagner (Landscape and
Turfgrass Management ’91) who
is also a Parks Crew Supervisor.
Chris and his wife, Cheri, along
with their son Keagan, 6, and
another baby on the way, reside
in Milford Center, Ohio.
Leslie (Wukotich) Straka
(Landscape and Turfgrass
Management ’98) does research
on issues that affect families as
the Program Coordinator at The
Institute for Child and Family
Policy at Bowling Green State
University. She has been married
to her husband, Jeff, for four
years. Her son, Elijah, just turned
12 and started junior high. They
all welcomed Aaron to their
family, born on May 10, 2008.
00s
The aughts
Maureen Fagans (Architectural
Engineering ’00) graduated
with her Bachelor of Arts in
Geography and Planning from
The University of Toledo. She
is currently employed by Dillin
Corp as a Development Planner.
She resides in Troy, Ohio.
Todd Rinehart (Landscape and
Turfgrass Management ’01) is
in his third year of electrical
school. He is employed at Jess
Howard where he is a third-year
apprentice.
Mathew Grosjean (Landscape
and Turfgrass Management ’02)
works at the Toledo Museum
of Art with fellow alumnus
Kevin McGreevy (Landscape
and Turfgrass Management
’96) as Groundskeepers. He is
married to Elizabeth for almost
four years. Elizabeth is a Pastry
Chef in Maumee at Petit-Fours.
They have an Airedale Mix
Terrier dog that they rescued in
Columbus, Ohio.
(continued on page 10)
9
ClassNotes
(continued from page 9)
Stephanie (Mitchell) Jagua
(Landscape and Turfgrass
Management ’03) owns Old
Orchard Garden Center and
Landscape LLC, a garden
center and landscape design/
installation business in
Napoleon, Ohio. After
graduation she married Scott
Jagua and they have a daughter,
Kinze Michelle, who was two on
August 3, 2008. They reside in
Liberty Center, Ohio.
Destiny Joy Carpio (Registered
Nursing ’04) recently moved
to Houston, Texas and now
works full time at the Methodist
Hospital Texas Medical
Center in the Cardiovascular
Intermediate Care Unit.
Jennifer (Newton) Granger
(Landscape and Turfgrass
Management ’04) is a Crew
Leader of bed maintenance,
pruning, mulching and much
more at Nilsson’s Full Service
Landscape Company. She
married Jeramey Granger on
October 28, 2006 and they
reside in Maumee, Ohio.
Kyle Leppelmeier (Landscape
and Turfgrass Management ’04)
works as an Assistant Sportsturf
Manager with the Toledo Mud
Hens. He married Monica Sims
on September 29, 2007 and
they reside in Toledo.
Don McKinney (Landscape and
Turfgrass Management ’04)
owns Don’s Lawn and Landscape.
Michael Stadler (Landscape and
Turfgrass Management ’04) is
the Superintendent at Legacy
Golf Course. He was married in
May 2006. Michael and his wife
reside in Tecumseh, Michigan.
Amanda (Sberna) Pocock
(Landscape and Turfgrass
Management ’05) works for
Choice Lawn Care as a Garden
Center Assistant Manager. She
was recently married to Adam
Pocock on November 24, 2007.
Adam works for the railroad
and is in the Marine Corps
Reserves. They currently reside
in Bellevue, Ohio.
Dustin Hoorman (Landscape
and Turfgrass Management ’06)
is a horticulturalist at Pike Run
Golf Course. He is also starting
his own business, Landscaping
by Dust. This winter he plans on
getting his master’s in science
and math education.
Robert Rowe (Landscape and
Turfgrass Management ’06)
is the owner of Wise Guys
Lawn and Landscaping, a fullservice lawn care company. He
obtained a Bachelor of Science
degree from The University of
Toledo in May 2008.
Brandon Townsend (Landscape
and Turfgrass Management ’06)
currently works as a Foreman
for Blanchard Landscape fulltime and a laborer at Hoens
Greenhouse part-time during
the spring and summer.
Brandon got married in fall
2007 and currently resides in
Pemberville, Ohio.
Chris Sadowski (NDA) is
currently working at Kuka of
Toledo building Jeep Wranglers
as a Journeyman Machinist.
He has been married to Kristi
(Hauman) for 12 years and they
have three children, Casey, 12,
Maizey, 8, and Laci, 2. Chris
coached his son’s baseball
team in 2007 to a City League
Championship. He also coached
his daughter’s Coach Pitch Team
in 2008. Chris and his family
reside in Toledo.
State University with his major
in Middle Childhood Education
and he also played baseball. He
is currently a junior high Math
Teacher at Toledo Academy
of Learning. Darrell has been
married to his wife, Crystal,
for more than a year and has
two daughters, Elizabeth, 5,
and Adeana, 2. They reside in
Oregon, Ohio.
NDA= non-degreed alumni
Darrell Cowell (NDA) received
a Bachelor of Science in
Education from Bowling Green
Award-winning
Magazine
EncountErs
ALUMNI MAGAZINE
• VOLUME
6 •6
ISSUE
2 • JULY
2008 2008
ALUMNI
MAGAZINE
• VOLUME
• ISSUE
1 • JULY
Growing
Greatness
Record Breaking
Graduation
$500,000
in Scholarships
Kathy Dollman (Landscape and
Turfgrass Management ’07)
is employed by Nilsson’s as a
Nursery Manager. She is also a
volunteer Master Gardener.
Eric Mearse (Landscape and
Turfgrass Management ’07)
is Enhancement Manager
for TruGreen Landcare in
Ashburn, Va.
In fall 2008, the Alumni Association won a Bronze
Medallion of Merit Award at the National Council for
Marketing and Public Relations District Three conference
for the Encounters. The award recognizes outstanding
achievement in communication among community, junior
and technical colleges. 
Association Gears Up For
Annual
Membership Drive
Join the Alumni Association Today!
We are planning fun activities and events for 2009. With an
Association membership, you will receive event invitations and
enjoy discounts on the associated fees, and your children could be
eligible for scholarship opportunities. But wait, there’s more! As an
Association member, you’ll enjoy:
Services Available for Alumni Members:
• Encounters Magazine
• Membership to the Toledo-area Campus Student Health and
Activities Center (SHAC) and Findlay-area Campus Wellness Center
• Use of Computer Labs and College Library
• Invitation and discounts to all Alumni events
• Reduced rental fees for use of College facilities
• Discounts on performances at the Center for Fine and
Performing Arts
• Fingerprinting and background check fee discounts
• Alumni Legacy Endowed Scholarships for your children
• Ozone e-mail account and Job Search Services
• Discounts on Owens Express spirit wear
• Campus parking permit
• Discounts on Child Care Technology Lab fees
• Opportunities for Spouse membership and benefits
Join the Alumni Association today by completing the membership
form mailed to your home, completing the online application or
returning the form included in this magazine.
If you have any questions, please call us at (567) 661-7876, e-mail
[email protected] or visit www.owens.edu and click on the Alumni
& Donors link.
come
join the
fun
Membership
Application
Name ______________________________
Address _____________________________
___________________________________
City _______________________________
State ____________ Zip _______________
Phone ______________________________
E-mail ______________________________
Graduation Date/Major:
___________________________________
Please complete and mail to:
Owens Community College
Alumni Association
P.O. Box 10,000
Toledo, OH 43699-1947
or complete online at:
www.owens.edu
Annual dues only $20 per year.
Join Now!
Membership Year
January 1 - December 31
11
Mark Your Calendars
Upcoming Alumni Association Events
2009 Calendar of Events
January 31
Winter Ski Trip
July 17-19
Whitewater Rafting
September 21
Seventh Annual Golf Classic
March 8
ABBA-Mania Night
July 24
Annual Meeting and
Mud Hens Night
December 5
Shop ’Til You Drop
April 24
Outstanding Service
Awards Celebration
For more information on any of these events, please contact the Alumni Association at
(567) 661-7876 or at [email protected].
NOT A MEMBER? JOIN ONLINE AT WWW.OWENS.EDU, E-MAIL AT [email protected] OR CALL THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION.
P.O. Box 10,000
Toledo, OH 43699-1947