Taiwan Environmental
Protection Administration
OZONE LAYER PROTECTION :
What Taiwan Has Been Doing
Ozone Layer Protection : What Taiwan Has Been Doing
T
aiwan is not a Party to the Montreal Protocol, but it has proactively striven to control and
phase out ozone depleting substances (ODSs) since the agreement was ratified. In compliance
with Articles 2 and 7 of the Montreal Protocol, Taiwan is implementing controlling regulations
and has phased out most of ODSs. We also annually submit ODSs consumption data to the
Ozone Secretariat, and it shows except for HCFCs we have reduced their consumption to zero.
Despite this, 25% of HCFCs consumption will be reduced to 10% in 2015, and our 0.5% target
will be reached in 2020. Methyl bromide is still kept to use only for QPS purposes. The amount is
controlled through rigorous verification by the Taiwan EPA. The related and industry assistance for
alternatives is also implemented. Taiwan also needs to face the problem of illegal trade. Customs
and coast guard personnel are responsible for investigating the illegal importation of ODSs. Many
cases have been seized and smuggled ODSs have been destroyed.
According to the Sciences Assessment Report in 2014 from UNEP and WMO, the actions taken
under the Montreal Protocol have led to decreased amount of controlled ODSs in the atmosphere,
enabling the return of the ozone layer back to 1980s condition. Taiwan is also part of the globe
village. We believe our efforts to reduce ODSs have contributed to the protection
and recovery of the ozone layer, and we will keep reducing HCFCs to 0.5%
consumption baseline in 2030 and totally phase them out in 2040. Moreover,
Taiwan will continue to actively participate in international and local efforts
to protect the global environment.
The Phase-out of Ozonedepleting Substances in Taiwan
Ta i w a n h a s c o m p l i e d w i t h t h e c o n t ro l
measures in Article 2 Parties in the Montreal
Protocol, and has step-by-step phased out
ODSs since 1994, including halons, CFCs,
CCl 4 ,1,1,1-trichloroethane, HBFCs, and
bromochloromethane. Currently, there is no
production of ODSs, and 25% of HCFCs
consumption is the only existing ODS in Taiwan.
Import of methyl bromide is allowed only for
Quarantine and Pre-shipment (QPS) use.
2004.1.1
Ban on using HCFC-141b
for several applications
Consumption of HCFCs
was reduced to 65％
2002.1.1
Consumption of
Bromochloromethane
was zero
1996.1.1
Consumptions of CFCs,
CCl4, HBFCs, methyl
chloroform were zero
1994.1.1
Consumption of
halons was zero
1989
Montreal
Protocol
ratified
1985
Since 1983, CFCs
have been restricted
in cosmetic spray
products
1995
1990
2005
2000
2000.1.1
Ban on importation of
halon extinghuishers
next page
2005.1.1
Consumption of
methyl bromide was
zero
Importing MB is only
allowed for QPS
application
2000.1.1
Ban on using HCFCs
for cleaning process
for PC products
Taiwan’s ODSs phase-out schedule following the Montreal Protocol
1
2020.1.1
Ban on using HCFCs for
solvent cleaning or HCFCs
for producing new air
conditioner or refrigeration
Technology exhibition in MOP9
2008.1.1
Ban on using
HCFC-141b for
producing
refrigerator
2015.1.1
Stop allocating quotas to
users who use HCFCs for
foam blowing or HCFC-22
for producing new air
conditioner or refrigeration.
Consumption of HCFCs
will be reduced to 10％
2020.1.1
Consumption of HCFCs will
be reduced to 0.5％ and
only for service
2015
2010
2010.1.1
Stop allocating quotas
to users who use
HCFC-141b for foam
blowing or solvent
cleaning, and HCFC-22
for producing new air
conditioner below
7.1kW
Consumption of HCFCs
was reduced to 25％
2011.1.1
Ban on using
HCFC-141b for foam
blowing and solvent
cleaning
Ban on using HCFC-22
for producing new air
conditioner below
7.1kW
2030
2020
2016.1.1
Ban on using HCFCs for
foam blowing or HCFC-22
for producing new air
conditioner or refrigeration
Taiwan’s ODSs phase-out schedule following the Montreal Protocol
2
2030.1.1
HCFCs will be
phased out
Phasing-out HCFCs
The Taiwan EPA allocates annual HCFCs
quotas for approved suppliers and users
twice a year in order to keep consumption of
HCFCs below the yearly cap in Taiwan. The
HCFCs allocation principle is firstly distributed
to users according to their declare use for
productions the previous year, and the rest is
then distributed to each supplier according to
the ratio of substantial import. The statistic data
of each year has indicated that both the HCFCs
amount in each use and its allocated quota
have been decreasing annually. Until now, the
total quotas for users in 2015 are 40.2 ODP
metric tons, while the total importers’ quotas
are 23.7 ODP metric tons.
T
he local regulation for controlling HCFCs
initiated a ban on their consumption in
1996. And the Regulations for Consumption
Management of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
were promulgated and implemented by the
Taiwan EPA in 2003, and some applications
for using HCFCs were prohibited. Continually,
the government annually uses allocation
mechanism to control the consumption, and
gradually stopped allocating and prohibited
uses of HCFCs for specific application.
0%
2030
2020
2015
0.5%
3.19
ODP tons
63.82
10%
s
ODP ton
2014
158.48
ODP ton
s
2013
155.42
ODP ton
s
2012
153.09
s
ODP ton
2011
152.81
ODP ton
s
2010
152.56
ODP ton
s
2004
1996
25%
(159.54 ODP tons)
65%
414.80 ODP tons
638.16
s
ODP ton
100%
The yearly HCFCs cap and real consumption in Taiwan
3
Until now, the use of HCFCs has been
prohibited for certain applications, including
HCFCs in mist propellants, HCFC-141b in
cleaning processes, HCFCs in all foam blowing
applications and HCFC-22 in producing new air
conditioners and refrigerations. Moreover, only
10% consumption for HCFCs could remain
in 2015 and 0.5% in 2020. Aiming to reach
the upcoming targets and successively phase
2000
s
FC
C
H
2005
out of HCFCs by 2030, an amendment of the
Regulations for Consumption Management of
HCFCs has become effective after 1 January,
2015. The quotas for using HCFCs in foam
blowing and HCFC-22 in producing new air
conditioners or refrigeration has been ceased
to allocate after 2015. And those applications
should also be prohibited to use HCFC-22 after
January 1, 2016.
2010
2015
2020
2020
2000
HCFCs banned in cleaning
process for PC products including
main-board, adapter cards and
computer mice
1b
14
FC
HC
2010
HCFCs
banned for
mist propellants
2016
No HCFCs in
foam blowing
No HCFCs in new
AC and refrigeration
No HCFCs in
cleaning process
2011
2008
HCFC-141b
banned in
producing
refrigerator
2004
HCFC-141b banned in
producing insulation PU for
low temperature HCFC-141b
banned in cleaning process
for satellite microwave
communictions products
HCFC-141b banned in several applications
for PU foam blowing and cleaning process
including producing soft and semi-rigid PU,
non-insulation purpose PU, insulation PU in
general temperature, electronic information
products and non-electronic products
2
-2
C
FC
H
2016
No HCFC-22 in new
AC and refrigeration
HCFC-22 banned for
new AC under 7.1 kw
2011
Use bans scheduled to phase-out HCFCs in Taiwan
4
Methyl Bromide Control
Measures
Methyl bromide has been prohibited for use
as an environmental agent in Taiwan since
1998. Moreover, in response to global actions
toward ozone layer protection, Taiwan has
reduced consumption of methyl bromide to
zero after 2005. However, importation is still
allowed only for quarantine and pre-shipment
( Q P S ) a p p l i c a t i o n t h ro u g h a n e ff e c t i v e
allocation mechanism. The Regulations for
Management of Methyl Bromide that define
the mechanism were published in 2003. It
56,121
32,8
33,342 06
31,096
41,246
year by the end of the preceding February and
August. Administrative examination tasks are
based on the users’ declaration data, including
the actual amount used and estimated amount
needed. In 2015, the EPA has approved the
allocation of 50.7 metric tons of methyl bromide
to the users and importers.
63,127
55,338
49,957
43,546
regulates methyl bromide production, import,
export, application and declaration procedures,
expert reviews, and administrative examination
tasks. Methyl bromide importers and users
for QPS purposes must apply to the central
competent authority for importation and use
permits for the upcoming half of the calendar
62,756
45
44,589 ,654
37,154
51,084
50,473
47,353
80,000
64,016
58,159
50,303
54,181
73,068
57,59757,279
61,938
51,209
65,688
63,830
55,085
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
(Kg)
Allocation Amount
Import Amount
Sales Amount
Usage Amount
Methyl bromide for QPS applications in Taiwan
5
Meanwhile, a successful transition pathway
from methyl bromide fumigation to heat
treatment for QPS also leads to a decrease
of methyl bromide consumption. After longterm promotion, we now have overwhelmingly
9.9%
1.2%
90.1%
2005
transitioned to 417 (98.8%) heat treatment
and reduced to only 5 (1.2%) methyl bromide
fumigation facilities for QPS applications.
%
98.8
2015
Heat Treatment
Methyl Bromide Treatment
Heat treatment facilities vs. methyl bromide treatment facilities
Testing methyl bromide
alternatives on wooden
packing materials
Visiting methyl bromide users and
providing advice on its application
6
Recovery & Destruction of ODS
To effectively prevent emission of ozonedepleting refrigerants, Taiwan promulgated
regulations that mandate refrigerant recovery
equipment be used when servicing air
conditioners and refrigerators/freezers. Taiwan
also mandates the recovery of refrigerants from
end-of-life vehicles (ELV) and home appliances.
All vehicles, refrigerators and air conditioners
for households which contain ODS shall be
recovered before dismantling through recovery
equipment, specific joints and contained.
Recovered ODS can be reused (service only) or
destroyed.
Import
In 2014, it is estimated around 134,638
automobiles, 636,278 air-conditioners and
422,351 refrigerators were treated by officially
recognized companies. There were 21.8metric tons of refrigerant (including both R-12
and R-134a) recovered from ELVs. Meanwhile,
43.1 metric tons of R-11 and HCFC-141b,
20.0 metric tons of R-12, and 234.1metric
tons of R-22 were recovered from end-of-life
home appliances.
CFCs
HCFCs
HFCs
HFCs
HCFCs
Reuse
(service)
Recover
Destroy
Export
7
On the other hand, the Taiwan EPA also
established the National Halons Management
Center and established a halons management
mechanism in 2005. This includes setting
up the standard procedure of halons on
sampling, testing, disassembling, recycling and
purification. The logistic supply of usable halons
after dis-assembling for essential uses is then
provided. The current estimation indicates that
there are about 10 metric tons of halon-1301
which have been purified and transferred to
needed users. Moreover, the Taiwan EPA is
also establishing local ODS treatment facilities
for seized and unused ODSs.
21.8
43.1
250.0
18.3
18.0
Metric Tons
200.0
23.6
19.1
17.7
17.5
13.3
22.5
4.5
100.0
20.2
12.1
3.2
50.0
97.3
73.0
2008
0.0
10.1
3.0
15.9
13.8
8.7
5.8
150.0
21.9
122.2
126.5
2010
2011
141.0
176.5
234.1
77.2
2009
2007
2012
2013
Refrigerants from
Waste Air-conditioners
Refrigerants from
Waste Refrigerators
Foam Blowing Agents from
Waste Refrigerators
Refrigerants from
Waste Vehicles
Amount of recovered ODS in Taiwan
(Source: Recycling Fund Management Board of Taiwan EPA )
8
20.0
36.5
28.4
2014
Looking Ahead
H
ealing the ozone layer will take many years and require a concerted effort to accomplish.
Although the ODSs management in Taiwan has achieved excellent results to date, the job
is far from done. The challenge for the final step of phase out is ahead. We would need to look
at the non-common remaining users, assisting them to find suitable alternatives on economic
acceptability and products performance.
The remaining challenges include:
• Only 10% consumption of HCFCs during 2015 and 2019: It will have a major influence on getting
ODS for maintenance of various equipment for more than 100,000 existing chillers. Moreover,
a proper, fair and reasonable managing strategy and regulation for allocating and using HCFCs
is critical. The strategies that the government is developing for local industries and HCFCs
suppliers will play a key role.
• ODSs bank system: Developing a recycling mechanism and promoting using recycled ODSs
could reduce the demand of original HCFCs, the development of ODSs bank mechanism for all
ODSs is crucial.
• New substitutes development: Various new substitutes technology and products are by the
industry, and it could encourage early replacement to prevent ODSs emission.
• HFCs management: More and more HFCs refrigerants are used in Taiwan. Alternatives would be
difficult to develop in the high humidity and temperatures during in the summer. The alternatives
feasibility assessment and suitable strategies for HFCs management are also being studied in
Taiwan.
The government will continue to raise awareness among industries of the benefits of choosing
environmentally sound alternatives and developing future reduction strategies. We hope to keep
working with the international community to benefit the world,
protect the Earth and achieve sustainable development for
our future generations.
Ozone Layer Protection : What Taiwan Has Been Doing
Taiwan Environmental
Protection Administration
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