MAP SUMMARY REPORT
PSI DASHBOARD
TANZANIA (2009): MAP STUDY ON MARKET
PENETRATION OF CONDOMS.
ROUND FOUR.
PSI’s Four Pillars
Bottom Line Health Impact * Private Sector Speed and Efficiency * Decentralization, Innovation,
and Entrepreneurship * Long-term Commitment to the People We Serve
Research & Metrics
Population Services International
1120 Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600
Washington, D.C. 20036
TANZANIA (2009): MAP STUDY ON MARKET PENETRATION OF
CONDOMS.
ROUND FOUR.
PSI Research & Metrics
2009
© Population Services International, 2009
Contacts:
James Kajuna, Research Director
Population Services International – Tanzania
1347/48 Masaki
Msasani Peninsula, Haile Selassie Rd.
P.O Box 33500
Dar es Salaam
Tanzania
Saulo Mutasingwa – Research Manager (Quantitative)
Population Services International – Tanzania
1347/48 Masaki
Msasani Peninsula, Haile Selassie Rd.
P.O Box 33500
Dar es Salaam
Tanzania
Tanzania, 2009
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………………….5
FINDINGS………………………………………………………………………………..7
ACCESS & MARKET PENETRATION…………….……………………….10
QUALITY STANDARDS ANALYSIS………………………………………..19
LIMITATIONS………………………………………………………………….21
CONCLUSIONS AND PROGRAMMATIC RECOMMENDATIONS……………..22
APPENDIX 1: List of Sampled Areas
APPENDIX 2: Summary of Study Methodology
APPENDIX 3: List of Sampled Hotzones
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Tanzania, 2009
3
The authors of this document are grateful for the guidance and assistance of
Bram Piot, Principal Investigator for MAP studies, as well as the rest of the PSI
Research Division. Fieldwork was carried out by PSI/Tanzania research
assistants. Draft copies of this report were reviewed by Bram Piot and Daniel
Crapper, Country Representative in PSI/Tanzania. PSI/Tanzania would also like
to recognize the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW), the Royal
Netherlands Embassy (RNE), the Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) and
GFATM for their support of PSI/Tanzania’s product social-marketing programs.
SUMMARY
.
BACKGROUND
Tanzania, 2009
4
MAP (Measuring Access and Performance) is a methodology that allows
programmers to make an assessment of product availability and accessibility
using pre-defined criteria for coverage, quality of coverage and access. Apart
from coverage and quality of coverage, it has a market penetration and access
measure in high risk places which is meant to assess the availability of condoms
in and around places where priority target groups congregate.
These products are Salama, Salama Studs, Salama 3 Bomba, and Familia and
Care female condoms; an audit for other condom brands is always done as well.
These products are distributed via a variety of outlets, primarily employing
Tanzania’s commercial distribution network. Community distribution mechanisms
and institutional/NGO distribution account for a smaller proportion of sales.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
This is the fourth round of this MAP study, which has the following objectives: (1)
monitor the availability of each of PSI/Tanzania’s social marketed condoms
(Salama, Salama Studs, Salama 3 Bomba and Familia), as well as of other non
PSI condoms in high risk areas, (2) compare market penetration and access to
condoms over time from the baseline (2007) and follow up surveys (2008 and
2009), (3) monitor market penetration of Salama, Salama Studs and Salama 3
Bomba condoms in high-risk areas (hotzones) and a measure of access to these
products among high-risk groups.
METHODOLOGY
For condoms, a market penetration indicator has been employed in additional
specific locations: i.e. the proportion of high-risk meeting places (hotspots) in a
high-risk area (hot zone), in which the condoms are sold, and meet minimum
standards. A total of 189 hotzones were visited nationwide, in which a total of
Tanzania, 2009
5
930 hotspots were audited. These hotzones were identified in conjunction with
sales and marketing personnel as well as the regional and zonal managers. (For
a list of sampled hotzones, see Annex 3.) Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
devices were used to collect data. Data was collected in July, 2009.
MAIN FINDINGS
Tanzania, 2009
6
Salama condoms have the highest market penetration of any type of condoms,
being available in 79% of high risk outlets nationwide. This is an increase of 11%
from the year (2008) where market penetration for any Salama was 68%.
Of the three extensions of Salama condoms, Salama Studs has reported a
higher market penetration compared to other non PSI/Tanzania condoms. a large
number of retailers that have never stocked PSI/Tanzania products indicate that
they are willing to sell condoms.
Table: 1 PSI/Tanzania condom market Portfolio
Brand
Presentation
Salama
Regular
Three Pack costing 100
Tsh
33.3 Tsh
Flagship brand, launched 1993,
targeted at youth aged 15-24
Salama
Studded
Three Pack costing 200
Tsh, studded texture
66.6 Tsh
Premium brand variant launched 2006,
targets older men, urban areas
Salama 3
Bomba
Three Pack costing 200
Tsh, scented condoms
66.6 Tsh
Premium brand variant launched 2007,
targets youth in urban areas
Familia
Ten Pack costing 500
Tsh, scented
50Tsh
Family planning brand launched 2008,
targeting couples and those in long term
relationships
Tanzania, 2009
Consumer Price per
unit
Comments
7
The current PSI distribution models have about 27 distributors across the
country. In all the regions PSI have the appointed regional distributors who uplift
the stock from MSD’s and distribute to nearby wholesalers. Retailers then can
buy products directly from district and sub wholesalers and sell at local prices in
their shops.
Tanzania, 2009
8
PROGRAMMATIC RECOMMENDATIONS
•
Focus efforts on increasing the distribution of products to outlets in high
risk places. Constant supply will help address the problem of stock out
that is reported in high risk areas.
•
Efforts are required to increase the distribution of promotional materials to
outlets in high risk areas
•
Identifying and supplying these outlets in high risk outlets should be
accorded programmatic priority if greater market penetration is to be
achieved.
Tanzania, 2009
9
FINDINGS
ACCESS AND MARKET PENETRATION
ACCESS
The access and market penetration indicators in high risk areas for this study are
designed to assess the extent to which PSI/Tanzania’s condom social marketing
interventions have resulted in improved availability since the 2006 survey. The
table below therefore compares access performance during the past four years.
Findings from this study indicate relatively higher access of condoms in high risk
areas in most locations/zones. On average, access was estimated at 69% during
the 2007 survey, a level which has increased to 74% during the 2008 survey and
76% in 2009. The highest access level was found in the Central zone at 83%
followed by Northern zone at 81%, Lake zone had the lowest access at 55%
compared to the rest of the zones.
Access: is defined as proportional of commercial sex worker estimated during
the time of survey in an hotzone area covering a radius of 100 metres.
Table: 2 Access to condoms among clients of high risk outlets
ZONE NAME
Lake Zone
Dar Zone
Central Zone
Southern Zone
Northern Zone
National Access
Tanzania, 2009
ACCESS 2007
49%
65%
85%
68%
87%
69%
ACCESS 2008
54%
55%
80%
70%
89%
74%
ACCESS 2009
55%
67%
83%
69%
81%
76%
10
MARKET PENETRATION
The national market penetration for condoms in high risk areas varies across
zones. Salama Studs has the highest market penetration in 2009 at 52%
compared with other brands of Salama. For Salama Studs this is an increase by
12% from the 2008 penetration. For Salama 3 Bomba penetration data for 2006
are not included because this brand wasn’t launched by the time of the survey.
Figure 1: National market penetration for PSI/Tanzania condoms
Comparing market penetration for the past four years (for Regular and Studs) –
penetration trends indicates a national increase for both condoms for the past
three years.
Tanzania, 2009
11
Figure 2: Comparison in market penetration between PSI/Tanzania, non
PSI/Tanzania and any condoms.
•
A similar comparison is made between 2007 and 2009 between
PSI/Tanzania social marketed condoms vs. other condoms. Findings from
this study indicate that across zones, PSI/Tanzania condoms are more
widely available than other condom brands. The penetration rate for any
Salama condom has increased from 65% in 2008 to 79% in 2009. Any
condoms availability has probably also increased, though only slightly
(from 77% in 2008 to 81% in 2009). Any condom market penetration
combines all the condoms found during the survey (includes both
commercial and social marketed brands).
Tanzania, 2009
12
Figure: 3a Market penetration for Salama 3 Bomba
Salama 3 Bomba is also widely available in all zones, with higher penetration
recorded in Lake Zone at 55% followed by Coastal zone at 46%. The national
market penetration for Salama 3 Bomba is 49%, an increase by 4% from the year
2008.
Figure: 3b Market penetration for Salama Regular
Salama Regular has the lowest national penetration of the three extensions of
Salama, at 47%; However when analyzing this indicator by zone, data indicates
an increase in market penetration in most zones. Northern zone records the
highest market penetration of all zones at 58%.
Figure: 3c Market penetration for Salama Studs
Penetration for Salama Studs varies across zones, of all the zones Southern and
Central zones have recorded the highest market penetration for Salama Studs at
63% and 62%, followed by Coastal zone at 59%. With an exception of Northern
zone which indicate a decrease in market penetration, all zones have seen
increased penetration rates over time since 2007.
Tanzania, 2009
14
Figure: 3d Market penetration for Familia condoms
The national market penetration for Familia has increased from 16% in 2008 to
21% in 2009. Across zones market penetration indicates to have been increasing
since the 2008 survey, except in Northern zone where a decrease from 28% in
2008 to 17% in 2009 is noted.
The national market penetration for Dume has as well increased from 18% in
2008 to 29% in 2009. Availability for other brands (commercial and public) has
decreased from 23% in 2008 to 15% in 2009.
Tanzania, 2009
15
Penetration Rate and Quality Standards by Condom Brand
Table: 3 Salama Regular
SALAMA REGULAR
Penetration
Available at time of survey
Stocked out, but normally available
Other indicators
1.Product Clearly Visible
2.Product within Expiry Date
3.Product is sold at RRP(or below)
4.Promotional material Visible
5.No stock-out in past 4 weeks
6.Source of Supply
PSI
PSI sales Agent
Retailer
Wholesaler
Don’t know
Southern
Zone
Coastal Zone
Central
Zone
Lake Zone
Northern
Zone
44%
46%
37%
26%
45%
31%
50%
35%
58%
48%
95%
100%
97%
26%
83%
5%
0%
0%
95%
0%
89%
100%
67%
39%
70%
12%
0%
2%
86%
1%
93%
100%
82%
15%
62%
0%
9%
0%
91%
0%
84%
100%
91%
9%
75%
7%
1%
0%
91%
1%
93%
100%
37%
19%
100%
17%
12%
0%
62%
5%
Table: 3 Salama Studs
Southern
Zone
SALAMA STUDS
Penetration
Available at time of survey
Stocked out, but normally available
Other indicators
1.Product Clearly Visible
2.Product within Expiry Date
3.Product is sold at RRP(or below)
4.Promotional material Visible
5.No stock-out in past 4 weeks
6.Source of Supply
PSI
PSI sales Agent
Retailer
Wholesaler
Don’t know
Coastal Zone
Central
Zone
Lake Zone
Northern
Zone
63%
35%
59%
21%
62%
47%
43%
39%
44%
53%
96%
100%
89%
14%
85%
13%
0%
3%
84%
0%
83%
100%
59%
4%
67%
24%
2%
3%
67%
3%
97%
100%
69%
8%
69%
8%
2%
4%
88%
0%
89%
100%
86%
1%
71%
12%
1%
1%
86%
1%
96%
100%
61%
18%
13%
13%
3%
6%
74%
4%
Table: 3 Salama 3 Bomba
SALAMA 3B0MBA
Penetration
Available at time of survey
Stocked out, but normally available
Other indicators
1.Product Clearly Visible
2.Product within Expiry Date
3.Product is sold at RRP(or below)
4.Promotional material Visible
5.No stock-out in past 4 weeks
6.Source of Supply
PSI
PSI sales Agent
Retailer
Wholesaler
Don’t know
Southern
Zone
Coastal Zone
Central
Zone
Lake Zone
Northern
Zone
45%
43%
46%
29%
43%
43%
55%
29%
49%
49%
99%
100%
91%
27%
85%
14%
0%
0%
86%
0%
88%
100%
71%
19%
79%
18%
6%
3%
79%
1%
98%
100%
82%
17%
69%
6%
6%
0%
88%
0%
88%
100%
87%
22%
79%
14%
1%
1%
85%
1%
94%
100%
78%
11%
38%
13%
1%
2%
84%
0%
Southern
Zone
Coastal Zone
Central
Zone
Lake Zone
Northern
Zone
24%
21%
21%
15%
25%
11%
20%
34%
17%
23%
92%
100%
92%
8%
90%
16%
2%
6%
76%
0%
100%
100%
78%
2%
67%
11%
0%
0%
89%
0%
96%
100%
93%
2%
93%
10%
24%
0%
65%
0%
86%
100%
89%
1%
80%
12%
7%
1%
78%
1%
83%
100%
83%
1%
55%
17%
6%
4%
73%
0%
Table: 3 Familia
FAMILIA CONDOM
Penetration
Available at time of survey
Stocked out, but normally available
Other indicators
1.Product Clearly Visible
2.Product within Expiry Date
3.Product is sold at RRP(or below)
4.Promotional material Visible
5.No stock-out in past 4 weeks
6.Source of Supply
PSI
PSI sales Agent
Retailer
Wholesaler
Don’t know
Table: 3 Dume
Southern
Zone
DUME CONDOM
Penetration
Available at time of survey
Stocked out, but normally available
Other indicators
1.Product Clearly Visible
2.Product within Expiry Date
3.Promotional material Visible
4.No stock-out in past 4 weeks
5.Source of Supply
T-Marc
Retailer
Wholesaler
Don’t know
Tanzania, 2009
Coastal Zone
Central
Zone
Lake Zone
Northern
Zone
30%
25%
39%
20%
31%
41%
24%
37%
22%
10%
95%
100%
3%
87%
0%
3%
97%
0%
87%
100%
9%
75%
13%
1%
87%
0%
92%
100%
2%
69%
8%
0%
92%
0%
86%
100%
7%
82%
13%
0%
86%
1%
87%
100%
7%
24%
20%
0%
67%
10%
17
Table: 3 Lady Pepeta Minimum Standards
Southern
Zone
LADY PEPETA
Penetration
Available at time of survey
Stocked out, but normally available
Other indicators
1.Product Clearly Visible
2.Product within Expiry Date
3.Product is sold at RRP(or below)
4.No stock-out in past 4 weeks
5.Source of Supply
T-Marc
Wholesaler
Retailer
Don’t know
Coastal Zone
Central
Zone
Lake Zone
Northern
Zone
6%
2%
4%
1%
2%
10%
3%
11%
1%
8%
85%
100%
92%
92%
0%
85%
8%
8%
93%
100%
93%
93%
13%
67%
13%
7%
100%
100%
100%
50%
0%
100%
0%
0%
100%
100%
75%
83%
17%
58%
0%
25%
100%
67%
100%
67%
33%
67%
0%
0%
Table: 3 Care Female Condom Minimum Standards
FEMALE CARE
Penetration
Available at time of survey
Stocked out, but normally available
Other indicators
1.Product Clearly Visible
2.Product within Expiry Date
3.Product is sold at RRP(or below)
5.No stock-out in past 4 weeks
6.Source of Supply
PSI
PSI sales Agent
Wholesaler
Retailer
Don’t know
Tanzania, 2009
Southern
Zone
Coastal Zone
Central
Zone
Lake Zone
Northern
Zone
1%
2%
2%
12%
2%
8%
2%
10%
1%
2%
100%
100%
100%
100%
0%
0%
100%
0%
0%
100%
100%
63%
87%
13%
0%
87%
0%
0%
100%
100%
100%
100%
0%
0%
100%
0%
0%
38%
100%
87%
90%
0%
0%
100%
0%
0%
0%
100%
100%
100%
0%
0%
100%
0%
0%
18
QUALITY STANDARDS ANALYSIS
Minimum quality standards related to visibility, availability of promotional
materials, stock outs were generally met in areas where products were available
during the time of the survey. For Salama Regular across zones, most of these
standards are met. It is however important to note that, retail recommended price
for Salama Regular is not generally met in northern zone, whereby only 37% of
retailers in Northern zone were selling Salama Regular at retail recommended
price. Stock out is generally a problem across zones. Promotional materials for
Salama Regular are rarely available across zones.
For Salama Studs and for Salama Regular, the standards of visibility, expiry date
and recommended retail price are generally met across zones. However, the
standards for stock-outs and promotional materials are not generally met across
zones.
Minimum quality standards for Salama 3 Bomba are generally met across zones.
Stock outs especially in northern, central and southern zones are relatively
higher. Promotional materials are not always available across zones.
Similarly to other products, some of the minimum quality standards for Familia
are met while others are not met. Promotional materials is reported a common
problem across zones.
Dume (non PSI condom but socially marketed) has similar findings related to
minimum quality standards, across zones promotional materials are rarely found.
The main sources of supply are the wholesalers. This is similar to other PSI
condoms whereby the main sources of supply reported are the wholesalers for
PSI condoms.
Tanzania, 2009
19
Lady Pepeta (female condom) has the lowest availability in all zones, with
Northern zone recording the least availability at 1%. In outlets were these
condoms were available minimum standards were generally met. Wholesalers
were the main source of supply for these condoms.
Care female condoms were also least found in most of the zones, at only 1% to
2%. Minimum quality standards were generally met in outlets were these
products were available.
Tanzania, 2009
20
III. LIMITATIONS
•
The charging of PDAs was highly affected in areas where electricity was
not available. Data collectors had to travel long distance to cities in order
to charge the PDAs. This slowed the accomplishment of the survey.
•
It is always very important to explain and introduce PDAs to respondents
so as to minimize technology fear, this is always time consuming to
explain and introduce the device to local government officials and outlet
owners as in some cases some feared that the device is not only for
collecting data but it does the recording of their sales.
•
Using PDAs especially in high risk areas is always a risk due to the nature
of people found in study locations, always data collectors have to take
extra cautions when working in such places.
•
Some of the hotspot owners, particularly in guest houses, were reluctant
to let data collectors inside the rooms to confirm answers given by the
owners. In such cases data collectors were to rely only on answers
provided by the hotspot owners
Tanzania, 2009
21
IV. CONCLUSIONS AND PROGRAMMATIC RECOMMENDATIONS
•
Salama condom brand has the highest market penetration compared to
other PSI social marketed condoms. It also has the highest penetration
compared to other condoms.
•
Market penetration for any Salama condoms in high risk areas has
increased when compared to penetration during 2008 survey. From 68%
in (2008) to 79% in (2009)
•
It is clear that stock-outs is still a common problem across zones, and that
there is a higher degree of “unmet demand” for PSI/Tanzania products
from outlets that have never stocked them
Therefore we recommend:
•
Improve distribution of products to high risk areas (hotzones) where
findings from the this study reports stock outs as a major problem in most
of the locations. Constant supply of these products in high risk places is
possibly going to address this problem.
•
Increase distribution of promotional materials to high risk outlets
(hotzones) that sell the PSI marketed products. Findings from this study
reports that across zones, promotion materials for all the products were
rarely found.
•
Identifying and supplying these hotzones with products should be
accorded programmatic priority if greater high risk places market
penetrations are to be achieved.
Tanzania, 2009
22
APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY
Hotspots, Hotzones, Access and Penetration Simply Defined
Hotspot: A hotspot is any meeting place where people at high risk of HIV (CSWs and their clients) congregate, or high risk activity
(transactional, cross-generational, or multi-partner sex) takes place. A hotspot can be a bar, nightclub, or guest house.
Hotzone: A hotzone is a closely clustered group of hotspots (hotspots within easy walking distance from one another). A hotzone is
typically an urban neighborhood or street with many bars, nightclubs, ‘groceries’ and/or guest houses.
Access: is the proportion of a target population that is within the catchment area of a product or service delivery point. The
catchment area is based on a geographic or time distance and depends on the product or service. For example, a radius of 100
meters around condom outlets in hotzones. People who live, work, meet, and/or entertain within the catchment area of a delivery
point are said to have easy access to the product or service. In this survey, access refers to the clients of the ‘hotspots’ who are
potentially likely to engage in risky sex (e.g. bar goers, guesthouse customers, commercial sex workers and any others present on
the day of the survey), and whether they can access a condom with 100 meters of where they are seated, between the hours of 6pm
and midnight, on the day of the survey.
Penetration: is the proportion of outlets in which a product or service is available: out of all potential outlets for a given product or
service, it is the percentage of outlets that actually sell the product or provide the service. In this survey, it refers to the proportion of
bars, guesthouses, kiosks and other relevant outlets that are found in hotzone sare open between 6pm and 12pm and found selling
condoms during the time of the survey.
APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY OF STUDY METHODOLOGY
Sampling and Data Collection
For the hotzone penetration indicator, 180 hotzones were identified by programmatic priority, with PSI/Tanzania program
managers using a subjective assessment of ‘riskiness’ including such factors as estimated number of commercial sex
workers (CSWs), the mobility of the population, proximity to national borders, size of the settlement etc. Each hotzone
was visited between 8pm and midnight to ensure that the inspections coincided with periods of high-risk activity.
Each audited outlet and each hotspot was ‘marked’ using a GPS unit and the geographic coordinates were recorded on
the audit sheet.
Survey Instrument(s)
The principal instruments of the survey were separate questionnaires (also called audit sheets)
for the rural coverage/quality of coverage, and hotzone assessments. The questionnaire was pre-tested intensively by the
data collectors and modified slightly for the actual survey.
Analytic Technique
The data was collected using PDA’s and attachment GPS receiver were used to capture GPS
coordinates of each audited outlets/hotspots. Data was downloaded from the PDA’s and converted to SPSS format files
version 17 for analysis. . The maps were produced using the WHO’s HealthMapper software.
Tanzania, 2009
24
APPENDIX 3: SAMPLED HOTZONES
Region
Arusha
Arusha
Arusha
Arusha
Arusha
Arusha
Arusha
Arusha
Arusha
Dar
Dar
Dar
Dar
Dar
Dar
Dar
Dar
Dar
Dar
Dar
Dar
Dodoma
Dodoma
Dodoma
Dodoma
Dodoma
Dodoma
Iringa
Tanzania, 2009
Hotzone
Limpopo
Stand ndogo
Stadium
Nhc
Majengo mapya
Kaloleni
Quotas
Maghorofani
Levolosi
sokota
Kili time
Sterio
Macheni
Kili time
Macheni
Keko Magurumbasi
Macheni
Rozana
Keko Magurumbasi
Rozana
Kilwa ruins
Chako Ni Chako
Pandambili-Kongwa
Tanzania-Uhindini
Chako Ni Chako
Chako Ni Chako-2
Dodoma in
Mafinga Udimila
Region
Kigoma
Kigoma
Kigoma
Kigoma
Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro
Lindi
Lindi
Lindi
Lindi
Lindi
Lindi
Lindi
Lindi
Manyara
Manyara
Manyara
Manyara
Manyara
Hotzone
Website
Mwanga street
Safari lodge
WebSite
Mission street
Dar street
Machame street
Mission street
Kiusa street
Dar street
Kiusa streert
Mission street
Machame street
Majengo mapya
Korongoni street
Ikwiriri
Nangurukuru
Nangurukuru
Somanga
Nangurukuru
Somanga
Kilwa Ruins
Nangurukuru
Majengo Mapya
Ng'ambo
Uwanja wa mazoezi
Kota
Majengo mapya B
25
Iringa
Iringa
Iringa
Iringa
Iringa
Iringa
Iringa
Iringa
Iringa
Kagera
Kagera
Kagera
Kagera
Kagera
Kagera
Kigoma
Kigoma
Kigoma
Mbeya
Mbeya
Mbeya
Mbeya
Mbeya
Morogoro
Mtwara
Mtwara
Mtwara
Mtwara
Mtwara
Mtwara
Tanzania, 2009
Mafinga
Mafinga Udimila
Iringa town Luxury
Iringa Town Miami
Iringa Town Holiday
Mafinga Udimila
Iringa Town Luxury
Njombe
Iringa Town Holiday
Soko kuu
Lina's pub
Lina's night club
Soko kuu
Hamugembe
Uswahilini street
Mwanga street
Web Site
Sandra's bar
Kyela Road
Uyole
Mama John
Soweto
Mafiati
Kahumba
Kiyangu A
Sinani
Vigaeni
Kiyangu A
Bima
Chikongola
Manyara
Manyara
Manyara
Manyara
Mara
Mara
Mara
Mara
Mara
Mara
Mara
Mbeya
Mbeya
Mbeya
Mbeya
Mbeya
Mbeya
Mbeya
Ruvuma
Shinyanga
Shinyanga
Shinyanga
Shinyanga
Shinyanga
Shinyanga
Singida
Singida
Singida
Singida
Tabora
Umoja
Kota
Stand Kuu
Majengo Mapya A
Jackpot Bingo
Nyasho Stand
Mkendo Kubwa
Musoma Bus
Baruti
Jack pot bingo
Mkendo Kubwa
Soweto
Mwanjelwa
Nzovwe
Iyunga
Mbalizi
Sokoine Road
Uyole
Zanzibar
Maduka Mengi
Shycom
Mewa Malecos Hotel
Majengo street
Mewa Malecos Hotel
Butiama disco theque
NBC Club
Mtaa wa Stendi
NBC Club
Petro Cabanas
Postal Area
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Mtwara
Mtwara
Mtwara
Mtwara
Mtwara
Mtwara
Mtwara
Mwanza
Mwanza
Mwanza
Mwanza
Mwanza
Mwanza
Pwani
Pwani
Pwani
Pwani
Pwani
Pwani
Pwani
Rukwa
Rukwa
Rukwa
Rukwa
Rukwa
Rukwa
Rukwa
Ruvuma
Ruvuma
Tanzania, 2009
Kreluu
Kiyangu A
Bima
Uwanjani
Bima
Kreluu
Vigaeni
Kirumba
Pansias
Royal pub area
Pasiansi
Nyakato mecco
Nyakato national
Chalinze
Mkuranga
Chalinze
Kibiti A
Kibiti A
Kibiti B
Mkuranga
Sumry Street
Soko Matola
Mtaa wa Fisi
Kasema
Soko Matola
Mtaa wa Fisi
Kiwele Street
Mfalanyaki B
Mfalanyaki A
Tabora
Tabora
Tabora
Tabora
Tabora
Tabora
Tabora
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Tanga
Unguja
Unguja
Unguja
Unguja
Unguja
Unguja
Near police post
New Stand
Bachu street
Club Royale
Bachu street
Postal Area
Club Royale
High way
Chumbageni
High way
Maghorofani
Minazini
Chumbageni
Minazini
Minazini
Chumbageni
Minazini
Central police
Central police
Saba saba
Barabara ya tatu
Masiwani
Barabara ya tatu
Jozani area
Nungwi north
Jozani area
Nungwi south
Jozani area
Nungwi north
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