Animalia
What traits are needed to be an
animal?
Elephant
Fish
Commonalities?
Mouse
Snake
Octopus
Bear
Phylum Porifera
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Asymmetrical
Cellular level of organization
No true tissues or organs
No segmentation
No body cavity
No digestive tract
No circulatory system
SYMMETRY
•  Asymmetrical: without symmetry
•  Radially symmetrical: circle base/cut like a pie
•  Bilaterally symmetrical: cut in half, right/left
same
Characteristics of Sponges
•  Pore bearing (holes)
•  No true tissues or
organ systems
•  Asymmetrical or
Radially symmetrical
•  Sessile (attached)
•  Filter feeders
How do they…........????
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How do they eat?
How do they breathe?
How do they reproduce?
How do they get rid of waste?
•  How does form fit function?
2 type pores
•  Ostia: (Ostium =
singular) Water in,
many small pores all
over sponge
•  Oscula: (Osculum =
singular) Water out,
few large pores, top
of sponge
Collar cell
•  Line internal part of
sponge
•  Have flagella which:
–  Move H2O in and out
of sponge
–  Bringing in food & O2
–  Remove waste & CO2
Collar cell
•  Collar cells move water through the
sponge
•  Oxygen and nutrients at the body surface
•  No circulatory system is needed
•  DIFFUSION
Choanocytes
–  Flagellum is used to
create current to pass
water through the
sponges body.
–  Collars on the cells are
used to trap food
particles as they pass
by the opening.
Choanocyte Lining
Choanocyte
Osculum
Porocyte
–  Since the sponge is a
sessile organism it
cannot move through
the environment.
–  Instead it moves the
environment through
it’s own body!!
–  Form ostia
–  Cylindrical tube-like
cells
–  Contractile - open and
close pore to regulate
diameter
Structural Support
•  Spicules- transparent
siliceous or calcareous
•  Provide support for
amorphous sponge
•  Spongin- tough, elastic
fibers made of protein can
also add support
Sponge Anatomy
•  Spongin
–  Meat of sponge
(tissue)
–  Wall of sponge - living
tissue
•  Spicules
–  Inside spongin
(skeleton)
Types of Spicules
•  Siliceous: made of silica (glass)
•  Calcareous: made of calcium carbonate
•  Bath sponge: lots of spongin but few or NO
spicules
Reproduction
•  Asexual: Budding:
small part grow and
break off and
continue to grow
•  Sexual: Spawning:
release sperm & eggs
out oscula at same
time (full moon) looks
like “smoking”
Three Basic Shapes
•  Ascon: Least surface area
•  Sycon: Middle surface area
•  Leucon: Most surface area (many folds)
Ascon
Sycon
Leucon