Ch 21
Section 2
Shaping the Landscape
Erosion, transport and
deposition
  Erosion-is the removal of surface material through
the process of weathering.
  Sediment transport-is the movement of eroded
materials from one place to another by water, wind,
and/or glaciers.
  Deposition- the process of material being deposited
by the transporting agent.
Running water
  Important factor of erosion; water can cut through
the land with the downward force it exerts.
Drainage basin
  Drainage basin- All of the land area that gathers
water for a major river.
  small streams called tributaries flow into larger
streams, which in turn flow into even larger streams.
Channel development
  As water flows downhill, water erodes the surface,
creating its own path or following existing paths
called channels.
Stream deposits
  When running water slows down it drops sediments
it is carrying.
Floodplains
  Floodplains are part of a river, but they are only
submerged during floods.
Deltas
  A fan shaped sediment deposit at the mouth of a
body of water where a river or stream enters it.
Glaciers
  Region where winter snowfall exceeds summer
melting has the potential to form glaciers over a
period of 1000’s of years.
  As the snow builds up and compacts it will
eventually turn to glacial ice.
  The ice flows outward due to the huge pressure it
exerts on itself.
  It will also flow down hill if the glacier is formed in
the mountains.
  Valley and Continental Glaciers are the two types.
Glaciers
  Glaciers are huge factors in erosion due to their
size and weight.
Erosional Features
  Valley and Continental glaciers leave behind deep
grooves or striations; these give clues to the
direction the ice was moving.
  Glacial ice will create a distinct and easily
recognized U-shape valley.
Glacier Deposits
  When glaciers move they will pick up and move:
sediment, rock and anything else in there path.
  When they melt they leave everything where it is.
  Elkhart hill is an example of glaciation.
  Large deposits that accumulate at the edges of
glaciers are called moraines.
Wind Erosion
  Wind can pick up small particles to shape the land.
  Wind and the small particles can also act as a sand
blaster to polish landforms.
Wave Erosion
  The constant back and forth movement of the
water against the shore line, along with the
sediment it picks up, erodes the shore line.
  Sand bars are deposits of the sediment parallel to
the coast line.
Mass Wasting
  Large amount of erosion at one time triggered by
gravity, water, earthquakes or humans.
  Landsildes
  Mudslides
  Rockslides
  Mudflows
  Material is usually dumped in a disorganized
manner.