International Summer School 2014 Module Outline Section 1 – General Information Module Title Better Worlds? Utopias and Dystopias Module code PSI-2002S Credit value 20 UK Academic Year 2013-2014 Semester Summer 2014 Section 2 – Details of module Description What is this module about? Learning Objectives What will I learn? (subject specific and transferable skills) Learning outcomes What will I be able to do by the end of the module? As one form of government must be allowed more perfect than another...why may we not enquire what is the most perfect of all?...This subject is surely the most worthy of curiosity of any that the wit of man can possibly devise. David Hume, “A map of the world that does not include Utopia is not worth even glancing at...” Oscar Wilde. Utopian visions, ridiculed in past ages as impossible dreams, such as votes for women and universal healthcare provision, have often eventually proved prophetic, informing highly-valued societal institutions in later epochs. Yet utopian thinking can also have dangers particularly where experiments seeking to realise elevated political goals become justifications for totalitarianism and persecution. Both before and since the appearance of Thomas More’s tale of the fantastic customs of an imaginary island called Utopia (1516), writers have imagined better worlds that their followers have sought to make real. This module seeks to understand different perspectives on the utopian tradition, examining various examples in some of its multiple forms - novels, films, folklore, experimental communities and political blueprints. Using lectures, trips, workshops and discussions, ‘utopian’ solutions to problems such as eliminating crime, gender inequalities, environmental destruction, and political/societal conflict will be analysed. As well as ‘positive’ visions the module also focuses on dystopian works such as Brave New World and 1984 and considers the significance of anti-utopian thought for political understanding. • To study proposals for social and political reform through the medium of utopian texts • To evaluate the contribution of utopias to political and social theory • To analyse selected utopian texts in depth After taking this unit students will have: • Formed their own views about the merits and demerits of utopian thinking • Written two assignments which analyse utopian texts thematically and critically • Gained a broad awareness of landmark works in the history of utopian thought • Gained a detailed knowledge of at least six of the most famous utopian (or dystopian) texts which influenced political debate both in their own time and subsequently • Reflected on the relevance of fiction to politics Other Skills: Intellectual skills Students will apply ideas and concepts in the discussion of aspects of utopian studies International Summer School module outline 2014 Page 1 of 12 International Summer School 2014 Module Outline and construct coherent and independent arguments. Professional skills The module will assist students' ability to select, sift and synthesize information from a variety of sources present material using appropriate conventions. Links Where does this fit in to my programme? Transferable skills The module will also help develop students' ability to work to deadlines, manage a disparate body of information, engage in critical evaluation and analytical investigation, as well as provide clear presentation of ideas. This module has links with a range of several disciplines but will tie in closely with the politics based programmes. It has strong associations with political theory, political ideologies, and political philosophy. It also connects with other humanities and social science based disciplines such as literature, philosophy, history, psychology and sociology and will appeal in particular to students who have an interest in the way works of imagination have played, and can continue to play a part in both anticipating and shaping our future institutions, relationships, and moral/political values. No prior knowledge is required to study this module, just a willingness to engage in discussion and share opinion. Section 3 – Teaching Team Module Convenor Others Mr Bob Stillwell, School of Political, Social & International Studies A number of distinguished academics principally from the School of Political, Social & International Studies are involved in the programme during summer 2014. Professor Barbara Goodwin, Professor Lee Marsden, Dr Rupert Read, Professor John Street, Dr. Peter Handley, Mr, Lawrence Hardy and Mr Mark Wells will be support and deliver aspects of the programme during summer 2014. Professor Goodwin is Emeritus Professor in PSI and her books and articles have established her as a major international authority in the field of utopia, as well as other areas of political theory. Her work will features prominently throughout the module and she has kindly agreed to deliver a lecture and seminar for the programme. Section 4 - Expected Study Hours Activity Details Total hours % of credit Lectures Teaching will comprise a mix of eleven lectures, eleven seminars, four utopian film screening/discussion sessions, an additional drop-in session and two workshops which will together total over 50 contact hours. In addition to this, the module will include two eight-hour field trips which will also focus on locations of importance in the utopian tradition. Preparatory reading for lectures, seminars, and workshops will be necessary throughout the module. Students will be expected to read at least 50 hours N/A 33 hours (Reading for Seminars) N/A Pre-lecture preparatory reading and International Summer School module outline 2014 56 hours (pre-course) Page 2 of 12 International Summer School 2014 Module Outline post-lecture follow up reading one article/book chapter in preparation for each lecture/seminar and complete notes before the sessions. Readings will be provided on Blackboard (See BB) and pre-course reading will also feature for the seminars. It is a normal expectation that students registered on UEA modules will conduct significant preparatory reading prior to engaging with the taught element of a module. Participants are asked to read five utopian works prior to joining the module. (See pre-course reading.) These should include More’s Utopia and Huxley’s Brave New World. Pre-course reading should be spread several weeks period prior to arrival at UEA. This not only ensures that students maximise their learning via their engagement with the module, but also that they are better equipped to engage with discussion in class sessions and the assessment. Seminars Seminars will be used to take up and develop idea on issues which have been previewed in the lectures. See section on lectures for contact time and notes on reading preparation time for seminars: N/A There will also be two discussion workshops and four utopian film screenings/discussions Pre-seminar preparation and follow up study As set out above there are set readings which are compulsory preparation for seminar discussions. See above Academic Trips 16 Formative assessment Formative two parts: assessment divides into 8 N/A N/A The first formative assessment requires students to do a seminar presentation, exploring issues relating to one of the seminar questions. Feedback will be in class. International Summer School module outline 2014 Page 3 of 12 International Summer School 2014 Module Outline The second formative assessment will require students to prepare a description of their own personal utopian vision or utopian idea that they can present to the group in the final workshop. Students can do this exercise in pairs or individually and feedback will be delivered oral in class. 7 Feedback sessions Feedback will be in or after class Assessed course paper Assignment 1 - Essay 22 Assignment 2 - Presentation Hand-out. 8 (Building on earlier formative assessment) Total This figure (200 hours) represents the total study time for the module, which includes attendance at lectures, field trips, seminars, reading (including precourse reading), coursework preparation, independent study, and all other forms of work associated with the module. 200 In keeping with all other summer school modules, the Utopias/Dystopias module assumes 144 notional study hours. Whilst at the University it is expected that students on ISS modules will commit 8 hours of study time per day (during weekdays) and a minimum of 8 hours per weekend. This equates to a total of 144 hours. Section 5 - Teaching Sessions Lecture Programme – details for each lecture 1- Thomas More and Techniques of Utopia The first lecture looks at how the concept of ‘utopia’ functions in More’s masterwork as well as exploring the ways in which the tradition can be seen to predate More ‘term’. Common utopian techniques, the range of manifestations encompassed within the utopian genre are also examined along with the issue of the cultural specificity of the tradition. 2- Perfectibilism & Human Nature This lecture considers distinctive utopian orientations towards human nature and explores the significance of such assumptions for the kind of solutions that they pose to human ills. International Summer School module outline 2014 Page 4 of 12 International Summer School 2014 Module Outline 3- Utopiyama The focus of this lecture is Francis Fukuyama’s ‘End of History’ thesis as a utopian vision of international order. The idea of liberal democratic capitalism and international democracy promotion is explored alongside Kantian notions of perpetual peace to introduce the concept of liberal democracy as utopia. 4- Work in Utopia This lecture examines how ‘work’ has been treated in utopian texts. It examines conflicting perspectives on the division of labour and dwells upon different interpretations upon the importance of work in human life. 5- Law, Punishment and Social Control Social control and punishment is a key feature of utopia and dystopias alike. This lecture looks at some of the intellectual justifications for forms of social control employed within utopias, and explores the range of techniques that permeate utopian/dystopian works. 6- Politics in Utopia This lecture examines the treatment of politics in utopian works in historical context and the grounds for the claim that politics often tends to be ‘eliminated’ within utopia. This issue is investigated with reference to contemporary debates on the relationship between ‘politics’ and ‘the political’ and ‘power’ and ‘discourse’. 7- Women in Utopia/Dystopia. A focus upon optimised arrangements for family life and gender roles has been an enduring feature of utopian works. The lecture investigates some celebrated examples with particular stress laid on the feminist utopian novels of the 1970s and the development and of what Moylan has described as ‘critical utopias’. 8- Marxism and Utopia While Marx and Engels famously sought to distinguish their work from the ideas of the ‘utopian socialists’ subsequent Marxist scholars such a Mannheim, Bloch. Marcuse and Jameson have construed utopia in more favourable terms. This lecture looks at the competing Marxian perspectives on utopia and the insights they generate with special emphasis of Jameson’s efforts to fuse an account of utopia and post-modernism. 9- Enemies of Utopia The focus on this lecture is the case against utopian reasoning. It touches on the ideas of ‘liberal’ and ‘conservative’ critics of Utopia including Popper, Talmon, Berlin and Gray as well as considering possible utopian responses to the charges. 10- Ecology and Utopia This lecture examines ‘ecotopian’ models and addresses/questions the commonly made charge that many ecotopias are unrealistic in their fundamental assumptions and unlikely to offer effective responses to the problems of environmental degradation. The lecture and ensuing discussion will address the possible benefits that utopian strategies might offer in this area. 11- Utopian Science/Social Science The relationship between utopia and science will be examined here and the kinds of issues/challenges that technological development raise for utopian schemes and visa-versa. The lecture will also look at the role of utopian thinking in social/political ‘science’. Seminar Programme The lectures are thematic and linked to the corresponding seminars, which will focus on similar or related issues/themes through a close study of particular texts. In addition to the set readings, students will be expected to have a detailed first-hand knowledge of at least five `utopian texts' from their pre-course reading as well as acquaintance with the contents of the others, so some of these texts will also feature in the seminar reading enabling seminar leaders to draw upon the specific knowledge of utopias different members of the class. The key readings for the seminars are an important source of theoretical/substantive material. Within the International Summer School module outline 2014 Page 5 of 12 International Summer School 2014 Module Outline seminar, particular groups of students may be asked to concentrate on a particular texts they have examined so that when we are discussing the various themes we can consider different information and viewpoints. (The module blackboard site will contain the essential reading for the seminars and will also include helpful additional material, which will also serve to assist further study and essay/report writing.) Seminar Topics Areas 1 More and the Universality of the Utopian Tradition This seminar will focus upon the content and ‘interpretations’ of More’s Utopia. We also address the question of the cultural specificity of the utopian tradition and Kumar’s case for its western character. Thomas More: Utopia (part two) * (BB) Lyman Sargeant: Utopianism (introduction)* (BB) Krishan Kumar: Utopia/Anti-Utopia )Selected passages) (BB) Jaqueline Dutton: Non Western utopian Traditions (in Claeys ed: Utopian Literature) (BB) 2- Perfectibilism & Human Nature In this seminar we will discuss Robert Owen’s New View of Society and the underlying account of human nature. The second focus for the discussion concerns the problem of achieving equality in utopia. We look at this with reference to a short tale by Vonnegut. Robert Owen: New View of Society * (BB) Kurt Vonnegut: Harrison Bergeron * (BB) Philip Kitcher, `Creating perfect people' in A Companion to Genethics, eds. J. Harris & J. Burley (BB) 3- Utopiyama (Lee Marsden) Following from the lecture on Fukuyma in this session we look in detail at the basis and force of Francis Fukuyama’s case for liberal capitalist future, and assess the appeal and realism this and other liberal visions of the international order. Francis Fukuyama: The End of History and the Last Man (BB) Immanuel Kant: Perpetual Peace (BB) 4- Work in Utopia This session will centre on the evaluation of the appeal and persuasiveness of the accounts of work offered by famous utopian socialist writers. A second focus for the seminar will be on the question of whether work is a fundamental aspect of human life of whether it will lose its relevance in future society E. Bellamy: Looking Backwards * (Extracts on BB) W. Morriss; News From Nowhere * (Extracts on BB) W. Morris: On Useful Work & Useless Toil (BB) B. Goodwin & K. Taylor: Justice by Lottery (chapter 1) * BB 5- Law, Punishment and Social Control In this seminar we consider whether the minimization or even total elimination of laws would be a worthy societal goal and whether this might be achievable. A secondary focus for discussion will be on the lessons that dystopias offer us on the nature of social control. M.R. Aviles `The Law-based Utopia' in Goodwin (ed.) The Philosophy of Utopia * (BB) B. Goodwin: Social Science and Utopia (Extract on BB) T. More: Utopia * G. Orwell: 1984 A. Huxley: Brave New World (As above) * B.F. Skinner: Walden 2 6- Politics in Utopia The main focus of this session is to examine in detail at Hume’s efforts to design an ideal commonwealth and to understand and assess the mechanisms by which accountability is achieved and conflict avoided. International Summer School module outline 2014 Page 6 of 12 International Summer School 2014 Module Outline The wider issue to be explored is the plausibility and desirability of the elimination of politics. D. Hume: Idea of a Perfect Commonwealth.* (BB) B. Goodwin & K. Taylor: The Politic of Utopia * (Extracts on BB) F. Jameson, `The politics of utopia' (BB) 7- Feminist Utopias. In this seminar we consider whether male utopian writers have contributed to progress for women and also investigate the question of whether blueprint or critical utopias are helpful advancing the feminist cause. U Leguin:The Dispossessed C. Gilman Perkins: Herland T. Moylan: Demand the Impossible (Extracts on BB) F. Bartkoski: Feminist Utopias R. Levitas, `Who holds the hose?', Utopian Studies, Vol. 6 No.1 (BB) F. Diamanti, `The treatment of the "woman question" in Goodwin (ed.), The Philosophy of Utopia ** 8- Marxism and Utopia In this session we discuss whether, and if so, in what sense, Marx and Engels can be seen to be ‘utopians’ and whether their concerns about utopia have any force. The secondary focus will be on the nature and appeal of alternative Marxian orientations on utopia. K Marx and F. Engels The Communist Manifesto (Extracts on BB) V. Geoghegen: Marxism and Utopia. (Ch 1 on BB) R. Levitas: The Concept of Utopia (Extracts on BB) K. Mannheim: Ideology and Utopia (Extracts on BB) R. Levitas: Ernst Bloch on Abstract and Concrete Utopia in J. Owen et al eds: Not Yet (BB) F. Jameson, `The politics of utopia' (BB) 9- Enemies of Utopia This seminar focuses on case against utopian reasoning focuses on the question are utopias necessarily totalitarian. It will also address the issue of what utopians can learn from critics of utopias and visa-versa. J. Gray: Straw Dogs (Extracts on BB) I. Berlin: The Crooked Timber of Humanity (Ch 2 BB) G. Kateb: Utopia and Its Enemies (Extracts on BB) K. Popper: `The utopian method' in M. Rosen & J. Wolff (eds) Political Thought (OUP, 1999) (BB) 10- Ecotopias Old and New In this seminar we examine the charge that ‘ecotopian’ works are too unrealistic in their assumptions to be of consequence. We also discuss the uses that eco-dystopian and ecotopian works might have in addressing the social and environmental problems of our age. Rupert Read: Justice or Love (BB) Ernest Callenbach: Ecotopia (Extracts on Blackboard) Marge Piercy: He, She and It. Moos & Brownstein: Environment and Utopia (Extract on BB) 11- Utopian Science/Social Science This session has a dual focus. In the first we explore and analyse the complexities of the relationship between science and utopia. In the second we discuss in which ways (if any) utopian thinking can assist social/political science. J.C. Davis: Utopia Science and Social Science (BB) R Levitas: Utopia as Method J. Swift: Gulliver’s Travels (Extracts on BB) B. Goodwin: Social Science and Utopia A. Huxley: Island H.G Wells: A Modern Utopia International Summer School module outline 2014 Page 7 of 12 International Summer School 2014 Module Outline Other Taught Sessions Programme – Fieldtrips and Drop-in sessions OTHER TEACHING TEACHING-LEARNING SESSIONS Workshop/Lecture : 1 Music and Utopia In this session we will explore utopianism and music. Members of the group will have been invited to offer examples of their own that may feature in the workshop. The focus will be on Ernst Bloch’s work on music as a vehicle of utopian expression and we will discuss and examine the potential political and social impact of political songs. Workshop/Discussion 2 – ‘Your Utopia’ This session invites members of the group to set out their own utopian visions and to explain and defend them to their colleagues. The class will be invited to comment on the contributions’ (See Formative Assessment Two) FIELD TRIPS There will be two fieldtrips, both of which will look at the rich Utopian Heritage in Norfolk & East Anglia. (Details to be confirmed.) FILMS There will be weekly screenings of utopian/dystopian films. The screening times will be announced in June 2014 when timetables become available. DROP-IN SESSION There will be at least one specialist drop-in session relating to a utopian theme. Details to be confirmed. Section 6 – Study materials Required Reading Further reading Pre-course reading Students are expected to read all the books from list A and three more from list B prior to the module. Starred works (*) listed below are also highly recommended: LIST A LIST B T. More: Utopia E. Bellamy: Looking Backward A. Huxley: Brave New World S. Butler: Erewhon E. Callenbach: Ecotopia T. Campanella: City of the Sun C. Perkins Gilman: Herland A. Huxley: Island H.G. Wells: A Modern Utopia U: Leguin: The Dispossessed I: Kant: Eternal Peace K: Marx: The Communist Manifesto W:Morris: News from Nowhere G: Orwell: 1984 Y: Zamyatin: We Theoretical Perspective on the Utopian Tradition K. Kumar: Utopianism * R. Levitas: The Concept of Utopia * B. Goodwin & K. Taylor: The Politics of Utopia * B. Goodwin (ed.): The Philosophy of Utopia. The same collection of essays also appears as a special issue, Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, Vol. 3, Nos. 2 & 3 (2000 L Sargent: Utopianism * International Summer School module outline 2014 Page 8 of 12 International Summer School 2014 Module Outline Other study materials R Levitas, Utopia as Method K. Mannheim: Ideology and Utopia (See chapter on utopia)* B. Goodwin: Social Science and Utopia * J. C. Davis: Utopia and the Ideal Society T. Moylan: Demand the Impossible V. Geoghegen: Marxism and Utopia E. Bloch: The Spirit of Utopia E Bloch: The Principle of Hope Other Important Utopian Works R. Owen. A New View of Society Plato: Republic C. Fourier: The Theory of the Four Movements H.G. Wells: Men Like Gods F. Kafka: The Castle D. Karp: One M. Piercy: Woman on the Edge of Time M. Atwood: The Handmaid's Tale (a feminist dystopia) K. Ishiguro: Never Let Me Go 20th Ecological Utopias Aldous Huxley: Island (1962) Robert Blatchford: The Sorcery Shop (1907) Robert Graves: Seven Days in New Crete (1949) Marge Piercy: Woman on the Edge of Time (1976) Austin Tappan Wright: Islandia (1942 posthumously) Kim Stanley Robinson: Pacific Edge (1988) Ecological Dystopias (`ecodystopias') John Brunner: The Sheep Look Up (1972) Edward Abbey: Good News (1980) Kurt Vonnegut: Galapagos (1985) Paul Auster: In the Country of Last Things (1987) Marge Piercy: Body of Glass (1991) Margaret Atwood: Oryx and Crake (2003) Instructive (utopian or dystopian?) Satires J. Swift: Gulliver's Travels S. Lukes: The Curious Enlightenment of Professor Caritat E. A. Abbott: Flatland, A parable of spiritual dimensions Collections of Utopian Texts F.E. Manuel & F. Manuel (eds.): French Utopias J. Carey (ed.): The Faber Book of Utopias M.-L. Berneri: Journey Through Utopia A. Arblaster & S. Lukes (eds.): The Good Society G. Claeys & L. T. Sargent: The Utopia Reader G. Claeys (ed.): Utopias of the British Enlightenment G. Claeys (ed.) Restoration and Augustan British Utopias G. Negley & J. Patrick, The Quest for Utopia Secondary Works on Utopia A.L. Morton: The English Utopia International Summer School module outline 2014 Page 9 of 12 International Summer School 2014 Module Outline T. Moylan: Scraps of the Untainted Sky E.Bloch: The Principle of Hope G. Claes: Searching for Utopia M. Eliav-Feldon, Realistic Utopias T. Molmar, Utopia, the Perennial Heresy P. Richter, Utopia/Dystopia F. Jameson, Archaeologies of the Present F. E. Manuel and F.Manuel: Utopian Thought in the Western World K. Kumar: Utopia and Anti-Utopia in Modern Times L. Sargisson: `Contemporary Feminist Utopianism' in Literature and the Political Imagination, eds. J. Horton and A. T. Baumeister L. Sargisson, Contemporaray Feminist Utopianism L. Sargisson, Utopian Bodies L. Sargisson, Fools Gold B. Taylor, Eve and the New Jerusalem Z. Bauman, Socialism, the Active Utopia J. Passmore, The Perfectibility of Man E. Hansot, Perfection and Progress B. Levin: A World Elsewhere (not strongly recommended!) G. Kateb: Utopia and its Enemies J. Hertzler, The History of Utopian Thought D. Hardy, Utopian England M. Kaufman, Utopias, or Schemes of Social Improvement P. Sington & D. Sington Paradise Dreamed R Jacoby, The End of Utopia Notable Critics of Utopianism I. Berlin: Four Essays on Liberty K. Popper: The Open Society and Its Enemies, Vol. I M. Oakeshott: Rationalism in Politics (first chapter) J. Gray, Straw Dogs Collection of Essays B. Goodwin (ed.): The Philosophy of Utopia. Claeys, G (ed) Utopian Literature R. Schaer, G. Claeys, L. Sargent (eds.) Utopia: the search for the ideal society F.E. Manuel (ed.): Utopias and Utopian Thought E. Kamenka (ed.): Utopias K. Kumar & S. Bann (eds.): Utopias and the Millennium T. Moylan & R. Baccolini: Utopia, Method, Vision P. Alexander & R. Gill (eds.): Utopias Section 7 - Formative Assessment Assessment Type Assignment Deadline Return date Feedback in/after Formative 1 Topics to be Presentation chosen in week 1 class on day of Nature of feedback Oral appraisal presentation International Summer School module outline 2014 Page 10 of 12 International Summer School 2014 Module Outline Assessment Type Formative 2 Utopian Scheme Assignment Deadline Week 4 Workshop Return date Nature of feedback Feedback in/after class on day of presentation Oral appraisal of exposition of ideas and delivery Assignment detail (e.g. title, type, course test length, word limit, presentation length) Formative 1 Oral Presentation: 7 minute talk addressing issues raised by the seminar reading/question and handout. Formative 2 Oral Presentation and response to class questions. (7 minutes) This should be an individual or pair-work presentation of a utopian scheme devised by the presenters. Section 8a - Summative Assessment Assessment Type Percentage (%) Assignment Deadline Return date Nature of feedback Coursework 80% July 2014 Sept 2014 Written comments and grade Presentation Handout 20% Assignment detail (e.g. title, type, course test length, word limit, presentation length) Essay: The essay should be 2,800 words and submitted by 23 July 2014. Some advice on writing essays for this module: This is NOT like English literature where quotations are an important part of the essay technique: it is only necessary to use quotations if you think they are very striking (like the `purge, expel, banish, kill' quotation from Popper) or if they convey their meaning with an economy of words - something like `everyone shall take what he needs from the common store' (More). Quotations are costly in terms of using up words and if you can paraphrase something in fewer words you have more space to say other things. However, the occasional quotation helps convince the reader that you've read the book and not just someone else's account of it. The use of examples: obviously, you need enough examples from actual utopias to illustrate your arguments; it may be possible to summarise or combine examples, i.e. `both More and Morris believed in the importance of everyone taking a share in agricultural work'. Ideally there should be a balance between arguments about the `themes' which we've discussed - work, property, law, and so on - and references to utopias which illustrate these themes. Ideally you would also add references to academic books or articles which throw light on the question you are discussing. The form of the essay should be the familiar one: introduction (including examining any terms in the essay title which require definition); develop the argument - referring to utopias where relevant; the case against the argument (if there is one) or an evaluation of the argument; conclusion. Presentation hand-out Credit will be given for its structure, contents, conciseness, sources and usefulness to other members of the class as a learning tool. The presentation hand-out should be 1,200 words approximately and should be handed in for final assessment on 18 July 2014. International Summer School module outline 2014 Page 11 of 12 International Summer School 2014 Module Outline Plagiarism You should familiarise yourself with the University definition of plagiarism and be aware of the procedures and penalties for plagiarised work. Collusion is the attempt to pass off the work of two or more students as the work of one and is also regarded seriously and is liable to similar punishment. For more information on plagiarism and collusion go to: http://www.uea.ac.uk/plagiarism/plagiarismpolicy Section 8b - Assessment of module outcomes Learning Outcomes Formative Assessment 1 Formative Assessment 2 Summative Assessment 1 Summative Assessment 2 List outcomes To successfully produce and deliver a presentation on a question relating to utopias/dystopias and to respond effectively to questions from the group. To plan and deliver a short account of a utopian idea from the student’s own imagination and to describe and convey the potential force/appeal of this idea/scheme to colleagues and to defend its relevance. To produce an essay that satisfies formal academic conventions and draws on scholarly engagement. It should be properlyannotated, wellstructured and written. It should make a case which is clear and persuasive, and be supported by appropriate evidence. To produce a short handout which is a helpful study aid to the other members of the group. Although shorter, it should have similar qualities to an essay, exhibiting good organisation of ideas, appropriate annotation and clarity/accuracy of expression. Section 9 – Employability Research skills Teamwork Communication Presentation Students will learn to draw on a wide range of materials & sources to construct and present an argument. Students will be required to work in pairs and groups throughout the module. Pair/group work will include both discussion of seminar questions, analysis of worksheets and, for those who choose this format, in the construction and delivering of a personal utopian scheme. Students will gain experience articulating their ideas through class discussions, presentations and writing. Students will improve the skills necessary to present their work and to respond to questions from their colleagues and the seminar leaders. They will have practised taking the lead in a debate and raise and respond to questions, and devise handout to accompany a talk. 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