Radiation Biologx Chapter 14 1. The ratio of absorbed doses from different types of ionizing radiation and their ability to produce the same
21:31
biologic response is called:
C. Genetically Significant dose
D. Unear energy transfer
A. Air kenna ratio B. Relative biologic effect .
2. The period of time after an acute exposure to radiation in which the effects of the exposure are seen is
called the:
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C. Manifest period
D. Exposure period
A. Latent period B. Incident period
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3. Which of the following has the LEAST radiosensitivity? A. Bone marrow B. Mature cartilage
C. Sreat epithelium
D. Lymphoid tissue
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4. The type of leukemia known to be induced in humans following irradiation is: 1. Lymphatic
A.
B.
2. MyelOid
3. Monocytic
1 & 2 only 1 &. 3 only C. 2 8i 3 only
D. 1. 2. &. 3
5. A radiation-induced mutation that appears in the offspring of the exposed individual is termed alan:
A. Acute mutation B. Long term mutation
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C. Genetic mutation
D. Somatic mutation
6. The acute radiation syndrome associated with damage to blood and blood·forming organs is called the:
A. Hemopoietic syndrome
B. CNS syndrome
C.
D.
GI syndrome Prodromal syndrome
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7. The most radiosensitive part of a normal human cell is the: A. Cell membrane B. Centriole
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C. Golgi Body
D. Chromosome
8. A large radiation exposure to the lens of the eye will most likely result in the formation of:
A. Glaucoma B. Scleroma 17:58
C. Retinitis
D. Cataracts
9. Death that follows an acute exposure to radiation 01 about 500 rems will generally occur in about: 4:496
A. 3 - 5 hours B. 3 - 5 days C. 3· 5 weeks
D. None of the above
10. The majority of damage to the body from exposure to x rays or gamma rays results from the:
A. Direct effect B. Indirect effect
Chapter 14 4:482
C. Target effect
D. Threshold effect
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~iation Biology
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11. The dose of radiation that <,lIows the survival of 37% of. a cell population Is termed by:
A.
LD37
C.
D37
B. TT37
D.
TTS/37
12. Which of the following conditions can be classified as a somalic effect of radiation exposure?
1. Nausea
3. Low sperm count
2. Leukopenia
A. 1 & 2 only
B. 1 & 3 only
C.
D.
2 & 3 only
I, 2, & 3
13. The dose of radialion at which a biological response can be noled is lermed the:
A. Tolerance dose
B. Ambient dose
14. The loss of hair after exposure
A.
B.
15. The
C.
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Congenital dose
D. Threshold dose
10
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large amouliis of radialion is termed:
Epistaxis
C.
D.
Epil~tion
111051
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Bromidrosis
Erythema
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radiosensitive tissue group listed below is the:
A. Celltral nervous tissue
B. Alimentary Iract lissue
C. Muscular tissue
D. Cardiovascular tissue
16. The inllllecliate symptoms Ihat appear after an acute radiation exposure are termed the:
A. Latent syndrome
B. Proportional syndrome
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Chronic syndrome
D. Prodromal syndrome
C.
Using the folloVJing diagram, answer question 17 and 18.
t
...c
GI
o
...CI.
GI
a:
Dose
0
17. In the diagram, the linear nOli-threshold dose-response curve is represented by Roman numeral:
A.
B.
18. The
A.
B.
"
CUI
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C III
D. IV
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ve represented by Roman numeral III is a:
linear threshold curve
Non-linear threshold curve
C.
linear non-threshold curve
D_ Non-linear non-threshold curve
19. A common form of cancer that appears 10 follow a threshold dose relationship is:
A.
Lung cancer
B_
Skin Cancer
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C. Leukemia D. Hodgkin disease 20. The first biological ellects of radialion in man to doses of approximately 25 cGy are changes seen In the:
A. .Blood counl
C .. Sperm count
B
D.
Skin
Charier 14
93
21: 115
Eyes
...
I.
Radiation Biology
4:502
21. A noticeable s!Un reaction due to radiation exposures of above 6 Gy is called:
A. Hemode~ B. Leukogenesis C. ~hema
D. Sponditis
22. In general, radiation damage increases with Increases In the:
1. Oxygen enhancement ratIo
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2. QualIty factor of the radIatIon
A. 1 only
B. 2 only 3. Linear energy transfer
C. 3 only
D. 1.2. & 3
23. The laws of Bergonie and Trlbondeau state that the radiation sensitivity of a cell is related to:
1. DifferentIa tlon
2. MitotIc activIty
3. Size and weight
C. 2
& 3 only
D. 1,2, & 3
A. 1 & 2 only
B. 1 & 3 only
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24. The human ietw is most sensitive to radiation in the:
C. Third trimester
A. First trimester B. Second trimester D. Equally in all trimesters
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25. The radiation syndrome of the central nervous system is associated with:
1. Death wIthIn 72 hours
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3. lnrercranlal pressure
2. Spinal cord compression
A. 1 only
B. 2 only C.
D.
3 only
1.. 2. & 3
26. The first sign of the acute radiation syndrome following a large exposure of radiation is usually: 21:140
A. Diarrhea B. incontinence C. Nausea
D. Excessive bleeding
27. The most radiosensitive cell of the body listed below is the:
A. Neuron
B. Chondrocyte 4:505
C. Lymphocyte
D. Osteocyte
28. Which of the following eHects may be observed in the fetus of a pregnant woman exposed to radiation?
1. Mental retardatIon
2. Stunted growth
A. 1 & 2 only
B. 1 & 3 only
3. Cancer
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C. 2 & 3 only
D. 1. 2. & 3
29. The property of x·rays that accounts for their effect on biological systems is that they:
A. Have different energies
B. Have no electriC charge 4:455
C. Cause iOOlzation In matter
D. Travel at the speed of light
30. The production of free radicals in a living tissue most often occurs from the Irradiation of:
A. Water B. RNA 4:483
C. Proteins
D. Salt
31. An x-ray photon pas••• Into a cell and strikes a chromosome. cawing a pOint mutation in a DNA molecule.
This is classHied as a/an:
A. Direct effect
B. Indirect effect Chapter 14 C. Pinhole effect
D. Threshold effect
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Radiatlon Biology
32. Thd LD50 (or ~mbryonic death (ollowlng a radiation eltposurC! Is sC!C!n at 3 dos~ ~qulvalC!nt or approxlmatelv:
A. 1 cGy (1 rem)
B. 5 cGy (5 rem)
C.
D.
12 cGy (12 rem)
60 cGy (60 rem)
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33. The lalent period for most types of radiation Induced leukemias Is approximately:
A. 6-12 months
B. 1-2 years
C. 4-7 years
D. 20-22 years
34. An adverse errecl on the production of white blood cells Is most likely. after radiation exposure to the:
A. Cenlral nervous system
B. Urinary system
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C. Biliary system
D. Skeletal system
35. The linear (non-threshold) curve of radiation dose-response relationships states that radiallon damage is
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directly proportional to radiation dose. and that:
A. Only high doses cause damage
B. Any dose may cause damage C. Damage occurs only arter minimum dose
D. None of the above
36. The dp.hydralion thai accompanies the gastrointestinal syndrome Is the direct result of radlalion damage
to the:
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A. Blood cells
C. Nerve cells
D. Muscle cells
B. Stem cells 4:505
37. Which type of human blood cells has t he lowest radiosensitivity?
A. Mature erythrocyte
B. Mature leukocyte
C. Immature leukocyte
D. Immature thrombocyte
38. The R's of radiobiology include which of the follOWing?
1. Redistribution
2. Repopulation
A. 1 & 2 only
B. 1 & 3 only
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3. Repair
C. 2 & 3 only
D. 1,2. & 3
39. Which of the following macro·molecules has the greatest sensitivity to radialion?
A. Proteins
B. MiiochondriCl
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C. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
D. Adenosinetriphosphate
40. RCldiation-induced mCllforlllaliollS o( the CNS are most common follOWing rCldialion exposures during:
A. Pre-implantation
B.
C.
D.
Organogenesis 21: 161
Fetal stage
Post-natal stClge
4 L In the expression "LD 50/30·. the filty represents the
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C. Amount of exposure In roentgens
D. Number of dClys lollowlng the exposure
A. Number of days of the exposure
B. Percentage of populalion that will die
42. The process by which energy from Ionizing radlallon Is transferred from a directly Ionized molecule to
another molecule that Is not directly ionized Is CCllled the:
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C.
D.
A. Direct hit theory
B. Random interaction theory Potential free radical theory
Indirect hit theory
43. The most radiosensitive structure of the eye is the:
A. Cornea
B.' Lens
Radialion Biology
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C. Iris D. Conjunctiva 95 ...
Chapter 14
44. Th. central nervous system syndrome that causes death in a matter of hours is only apparent at doses of
rodJeUon or approximately:
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A. 300 rad (300 cGy)
B. SOO rad (500 cGy)
C. 1000 rad (1000 cGy)
D. 5000 rad (5000 cGy)
45. The study of a response to radiation or other stimulus occurring to tissues outside of the body; eg .• test
tube, is termed an
response.
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C. In vitro
D. In vivo
A. In vino
B. In vento
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46. Experimental finding indicates that cells are most radiosensitive when irradiated in the:
C. Es-LS periods
D. All of the above equally
A. Gland S periods
B. G2 and M periods
47. With large radiation exposures to the hemopoietic system. the following symptom is likely to occur:
1. Lowered blood count
2. Increased susceptlbilltv to injection
3. Longer coagulation time
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C. 3 only
D. 1.2. & 3
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
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48. A highly reactive atom that is characterized by unpaired orbital electron is termed a:
Bound radical
D. None of the above
C.
A. Free radical
B. Spin radical
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49. The average time between a lethal radiation exposure and death is termed:
A.' Mean survival time
C. Mean recovery ratio
D. Latent-manifest ratio
B. Mean threshold time
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50. Which of the following is the most sensitive cell 01 the body to radiation exposure?
A.. Chondrocytes
C. Spermatogonia
D. Nerve cells
B. Mature red blood cells
Pertaining to the follOWIng diagram. answer questions 51 and 52.
51. According to the diagram. the greatest sensitivity
to radiation after a person is born is at the approximate age 01:
4:472 A. 1 year B. 10 years ?:
:;
C. 30 years
~c
:
D. 70 years
52. In general. from ages 5-50 It can be said that
radiosensitivity: 4:472
A.
B.
C.
D.
......
i
cr;
.....
i
.
cr;
Increases with age Decreases with age
Remains relatively constant with age
Varies greatly with age
"
...........
)
••
I~ lit
50
"g.,n'i••'"
Chapter 14 96
.
R~latlon Biology
18
53.. Death resulting from an acule radialion expOSure to the gastrointestinal tract will generally occur In about:
2]:] 45
C. 5 weeks
D. 5 months
A. 5 hours
B. 1 week
54. During the embryonic stage 01 development. much of the tissue differentiation takes place during the
process called:
2]: 152
A. Organogenesis
B. Osmosis C. Hemostasis
D. Oogenesis
55. A large (5 gray) exposure 10 the hematologic system will resull in the reduction 01 _ _ _ _ __ in the
circulating blood.
2. Platelets 1. Leukocytes
3. Ervtllrocytes
A. ] & 2 only
C.
2 & 3 only
B. 1 & 3 only
D.
1. 2, & 3
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21: 101
56. The biologic response to radiation call be /educed by the use of:
A. Oxygen B. Sulfhydryls C.
Nit roluralJ!l;
D. All of the above
57. The nalural rale 01 childhood malignancies will be expected to double wllh an absorbed dose 01 approximately
_ _ _ _ _ 10 Ihe lelus.
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A. . 1 cGy B. .4 cGy C. .6 cGy
D. 2 cGy
58. Which of the lollowing stages of the cell cycle is 1lI0st related to DNA synthesis?
c. Q
A. 5
B. 22: 103
M
D. N
59. The manifestations 01 radialion exposure to the DNA molecule may be:
1. Nitrogenous base damage
2
Cross Jlnkage
0/ DNA strands
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3. Cleavage
0/ the DNA chains
C. 3 only
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
D
1. 2. & 3
60. The frequency 01 radlallon-induced genetic mulations is highly dependent upon Ihe _ _ __
1. Dose rate
2
3. Cell cycle
Cell's oxygen level
A. 1 & 2 only
B. 1 & 3 only
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C. 2 & 3 only
D. I, 2. & 3
61. A p'erson that has received 8n &cute radi81ion exposure and survives Ihe Inllial lew weeks m8Y die as a
result 01:
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1. Secolldary In/ecllons
2
3
Del,ydrallon
A. 1 only
C.
3 only
B. 2 ollly
D
1. 2. & 3
62. The Irradialion 01 water olten results in the development or
1. HealJY water
2. Hydrogen peroxide
poison termed:
2:483
3. Ozone
C. 3 only
D 1. 2. & 3
A. 1 ollly
B. 2 only
Radiation Biology 8
Hemorrhage
97
f"
Chapter 14
Pertaining to the following diagram, answer questions 63 and 64.
so­
lO­
20­
•E
i=
10 ­
lito
::I
at­
e
e
••
5­
3­
:I
1­
II
100
III
IlOO
Do.. ln .. ml
300
2000
5000
63. In the dose survival curve, the Roman numeral which corresponds to death from the hemopoietic system
is:
A. C. III
D. N
B. n 2:500
64. According to the diagram. at dose levels above 200 rem. death is most likely to occur in about:
A. 20-50 days
B. 10-20 days
2:500
C. 5-10 days
D. None of the above
65. The amount of radiation exposure that causes twice the normal incidence of a particular response is termed:
C. D 1/2
D. LD2
A. Doubling dose
B. Threshold dose 21:178
66. A decrease in lymphocyte count may be seen after exposure radiations
C.
D.
A. 10 cOy
B. 50 cOy 211
levels as low as:
100 cGy
1000 cGy
67. Which of the follOWing may occur after cellular irradiation:
1. Cell dIvisIon delays
2. Interphase death
ar~
21:48
3. Reproductive failure
C. 3 only
D. 1. 2. & 3
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
68. Which
of gastrointestinal mucosa posses the greatest radiosensitivity:
A. Esophagus
B. Rectum
1:85
C. Stomach
D. Colon
69. Radiation damage in radioresistant organs is usually caused by:
A. Vasculature damage (indirectly)
7:59
C. Destroyed parenchymal cells
D. lysosome invasion
B. Loss of cells from circulating blood
70. The most radlosensiUve of the major components of bone are the:
A. Osteoclasts
B: Megakaryoctes
Chapter 14 21: 115
1:92
C. Osteoblasts
D. Chrondrocytes
98
,.
Radiation Biology