Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Science
Interdisciplinary Core Seminar 2
THEMES AND CONNECTIONS:
INTERPRETING THE PRE-MODERN WORLD
MEMS8402
Semester 2, 2010
6 Points
Unit Coordinator: Professor Andrew Lynch
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CONTACT INFORMATION
UNIT COORDINATOR:
Name:
Professor Andrew Lynch
Room:
Arts 1.09
Phone:
6488 2185
Email:
[email protected]
Consultation times:
Please arrange individual consultation times via email
MODULE 1:
Name:
A/Prof Jenna Mead
Room:
Arts 1.39
Phone:
6488 2126
Email:
[email protected]
Consultation times:
Please arrange individual consultation times via email
MODULE 2:
Name:
Dr Lesley O’Brien
Room:
Arts 1.49
Phone:
6488 2168
Email:
[email protected]
Consultation times:
Please arrange individual consultation times via email
MODULE 3:
Name:
Dr Joanne McEwan
Room:
Arts 1.25
Phone:
6488 2138
Email:
[email protected]
Consultation times:
Please arrange individual consultation times via email
Administration Office:
Name:
Pam Bond
Room:
Arts 1.50
Phone:
64883858
Office hours:
Mon, Tue, Wed: 9.30 – 2.30 / Thur 9.30 – 4.30
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UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit analyses three key themes of the pre-modern world in order to provide a deeper understanding
of this era. Each theme draws on a diverse range of evidence, from the literary and historical to the
artistic, and is examined from different disciplinary perspectives. The themes covered in Semester 2 2010
are Useful Knowledge and the Medieval Imaginery (Jenna Mead); Religion, Print and Literacy, 1450-1550
(Lesley O’Brien), and Pleasure and Pain: A Social and Cultural History of Leisure and Recreation, c:16801800 (Joanne McEwan). http://www.mems.arts.uwa.edu.au/
OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION STATEMENTS
Students are able to assess critically a wide range of types of medieval and early modern source material
(archival, literary, visual and so forth); analyse modern scholarly work about the pre-modern period;
develop new research questions about the period; support scholarly argument with relevant
documentation; express their ideas clearly in prose and produce a logical written argument; and present
their ideas orally and respond to questioning.
TIMETABLE:____________________________________________________________________
24 (2 hrs per week for 12 weeks)
MEMS 8402/ 7482 is scheduled for Thursday in Arts Seminar Room 3 G.03, for two hours between
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3pm and 6pm (negotiated to suit lecturer for given module and students), commencing 29 July 2010.
READINGS AND COURSE MATERIALS
Details of texts are provided in the seminar guide in this unit outline. Please discuss availability on CMO
with the module presenter.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
This comprises seminar participation (25 per cent), a 1000-word essay in one of the three modules (25
per cent) and a 2500-word essay in another module (50 per cent).
Each essay is due one week after the completion of the given module.
th
If you are submitting an essay for module 1, it will be due by Thursday 26 August
rd
If you are submitting an essay for module 2, it will be due by Thursday 23 September
th
If you are submitting an essay for module 3, it will be due by Thursday 4 November
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For due date extensions, students must contact the module presenter in advance of the due date.
Handwritten work will be accepted provided it is legible.
Assignments should be accompanied by a signed MEMS cover sheet (available outside the
History office) and lodged in the CMEMS pigeon hole (opposite the History office),unless
otherwise advised by the Seminar Presenter.
Supplementary assessment is not available in this unit.
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UNIT STRUCTURE
SEMINAR SCHEDULE Module 1: USEFUL KNOWLEDGE AND THE MEDIEVAL IMAGINARY (A/Prof Jenna Mead) Week 1 Thu 29 July Themes and Connections: Interpreting the Pre-­‐Modern World. Introduction to the unit . Technology, Astronomy and the Cosmos Week 2 Thur 5 August The Human Body Week 3 Thur 12 August Geography and Space Week 4 Thur 19 August Language and the Medieval Imaginary Module 2: RELIGION, PRINT AND LITERACY, 1450-­‐1550 (Dr Lesley O’Brien) Week 5 Thur 26 August: Introduction: Late medieval literacy, religion and the written word Week 6 Thur 2 Sept : The Bible and sola scriptura Week 7 Thur 9 Sept: Luther, Propaganda and the Reformation Week 8 Thu 16 Sept Contraversialist literature and the English Reformation Week 9 Thur 23 Sept No formal seminar. Consultations can be arranged to suit. Thur 30 Sept Non-­‐teaching study break MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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Module 3: PLEASURE AND PAIN: A SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF LEISURE AND RECREATION, C.1680-­‐1800. (Dr Joanne McEwan) Week 10 Thur 7 Oct Discourses and Diatribes about Leisure and Recreation Week 11 Thur 14 Oct Coffee-­‐houses, Commercialisation and Material Consumption Week 12 Thur 21 Oct Alehouses, Gaming and Popular Pastimes Week 13 Thur 28 Oct Moral Deterrent or Lower Class Savagery? State Regulation and Changing Attitudes towards Punishment as Entertainment. SEMINAR GUIDE Module 1: Useful Knowledge and the Medieval Imaginary (A/Prof Jenna Mead) In these first four weeks we’ll read a selection of texts that survive from the late fourteenth century in England that were either written in or translated into the vernacular, that is, into what we refer to as Middle English. We will be reading excerpts from reference works (an encyclopedia and a universal history), some medical texts setting out the composition of the body and an astronomical treatise translated from Latin to provide a basic introduction to scientia stellarum. These texts invite us to experience how some medieval writers and readers experienced their world and the language with which they identified elements of their world and expressed something of their relationship to those elements. These discourses are usually called instructional, didactic, technical or practical but, as we’ll see, they share many of the characteristics we associate with literature. Such texts are the source materials of literary, historical, sociological, archival and other kinds of research and so one of our aims will be to familiarize you with the language, genres and particularities of these texts as well as their material form. You’ll certainly have the opportunity to explore a small selection of the extensive secondary scholarship on these texts and to express your ideas in the written assessment. The emphasis is on your reading the texts and understanding their contexts to develop your sense of what’s sometimes called “the medieval imaginary.” Primary texts will be listed below by week; a highly selective list of secondary texts is listed here. You are strongly encouraged to research your own bibliography. Materials on the primary texts are widely diffused. MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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Each week you should prepare by reading the nominated text making sure you understand the language and bringing a list of questions you have developed during the course of your reading. Our discussion will be guided by your questions. Should you chose to write on any of the texts in this module, I will encourage you to draft an essay question that focuses on your interests and we will work through it together. Your bibliography will, then, naturally develop in the direction of your written work. Secondary Texts A S G Edwards (ed), Middle English Prose. A Critical Guide to Major Authors and Genres (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984) David C Lindberg, The Beginnings of Western Science, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007) Lister M Matheson (ed.), Popular and Practical Science of Medieval England (East Lansing: Colleagues Press, 1994) Jenna Mead, “Geoffrey Chaucer’s Treatise on the Astrolabe,” Literature Compass 3.5 (2006): 973-­‐991; DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-­‐4113.2006.00368.x; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-­‐4113.2006.00368.x Vivian Nutton, Ancient Medicine New York and Oxford: Routledge, 2004) Carole Rawcliffe, Medicine & Society in Later Medieval England (UK: Alan Sutton, 1997) Stanley Rubin, Medieval English Medicine (Newton Abbot: David Charles, 1974) Elspeth Whitney, Medieval Science and Technology, Greenwood Guides to History Events of the Medieval World (Westwood: Greenwood, 2004) Week 1 Technology, Astronomy and the Cosmos Primary Text Geoffrey Chaucer, Treatise on the Astrolabe, Prologue, Part I and excerpts from Part II http://art-­‐bin.com/art/oastro.html The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, ed. F N Robinson, 2nd edn (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957) OR http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/c/cme/cme-­‐idx?type=header&idno=ChaucerAstr A Treatise on The Astrolabe: addressed to his son Lowys, ed. Walter W Skeat (London: N. Trübner, 1872) A translation of the selections selected for study is available in Sigmund Eisner and Marijane Osborn, "Chaucer as Teacher: Chaucer's Treatise on the Astrolabe," in Daniel T Kline ed, Medieval Literature for Children (New York: Routledge, 2003): 155-­‐87 (163ff) http://books.google.com.au/books?id=TcxBsWXg9mYC&lpg=PA9&dq="eisner and osborn"&pg=PA155 -­‐ v=onepage&q="eisner and osborn"&f=false MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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Week 2 The Human Body Primary Texts John Lydgate, The Dietary, ed. George Shuffelton, from Codex Ashmole 61: A Compilation of Popular Middle English Verse (Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, 2008) http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/sgas31frm.htm Linne Mooney, “Diet and Bloodletting: A Monthly Regimen” [Bodleian Library MS Ashmole 1477 and Bodleian Library MS Rawlinson A. 429] in Popular and Practical Science of Medieval England, ed. Lister M Matheson, Medieval Texts Series 11 (East Lansing: Colleagues Press, 1994): 245-­‐62 [text available via WebCT] "The theory of Humours" in Carole Rawcliffe, Sources for the History of Medicine in Late Medieval England Documents of Practice Series, TEAMS (Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, 1995): 13-­‐21 [texts available via WebCT] Week 3 Geography and Space On the Properties of Things. John Trevisa’s Translation of Bartholomæus Anglicanus De proprietatibus rerum. A Critical Text Vol II, gen. ed. M C Seymour, Liber Quintus Decimus [15] (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975): 726-­‐37 [text available via WebCT] The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, trans. and ed. Stephen A Barney et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006): 192-­‐99. EBook Library via Reid Library catalogue. Week 4 Language and the Medieval Imaginary Polychronicon Ranulph Higden Monachi Cestrensis [Ralph Higden Monk of Chester], English Translation of John Trevisa and of an Unknown Writer of the Fifteenth Century, ed. Churchill Babington, Cap. XLII [The Marvels of Britain]; Cap. LIX [The Language of the Inhabitants (London: HMSO, 1869; repr Kraus 1964): 23, 25, 27; 157, 163. [text available via WebCT] Module 2: Religion, Print and Literacy, 1450-­‐1550 (Dr Lesley O’Brien) Module outline It might be argued that the major cultural changes experienced by Europeans in the 15th and 16th centuries (as the medieval shades into the early modern) were in the area of religion (i.e. the Reformation) and the invention of the printing press. Obviously, literacy is associated with print and it has often been argued that one of the ‘causes’ of the Reformation was an increase in literacy amongst the laity. In this module, we will explore the causal relationships between these three aspects of European culture. Which came first? Did one ‘cause’ another? In particular, we will also critically examine some of the conventional narratives for explaining religious change. Implicitly, for instance, much of the MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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scholarship in this field has assumed that the mere act of reading a text is sufficient to cause religious change. But is this a reasonable assumption? Other questions to be explored will include: What new kinds of texts, genres and reading practices emerged in the wake of the new print technology? In what ways did religious ‘reformers’ exploit print? Could the Reformation have happened without the printing press? Essay question: Evaluate the extent to which the new reading practices and genres that emerged in the wake of the invention of the printing press facilitated religious change. Week 1: Introduction: Late medieval literacy, religion and the written word In this session, we will look at late medieval literacy and the context within which the printing press was invented. What was literacy in this period; is literacy simply the ability to read words on a page, or is it more than this? To what extent were people in this period literate? What were people reading? In particular, we will consider the literature that supported late medieval religious practice, a time when ordinary layfolk did not have direct access to the Bible. Was this really a ‘dark age’ of illiterate peasants, kept in ignorance by a corrupt Catholic church? Primary sources: Late medieval Catholic practice: Dives and pauper, Priscilla Heath Barnum (ed.), London, EETS, 1976-­‐2004. Laurent, Dominican (fl. 1279), The book of vices and virtues: a fourteenth century English translation of the Somme le roi of Lorens d’Orleans, W. Nelson Francis (ed.), London, Oxford UP, 1942. 171.1 Mannyng, Robert (fl. 1288-­‐1338), Robert of Brunne’s “Handlyng synne”, AD 1303, Frederick J. Furnivall (ed.), London, Kegan Paul, 1901-­‐1903. 821.132 D1 Thoresby, John, Archbishop of York, The Lay folks’ catechism: or the English and Latin versions of Archbishop Thoresby’s Instruction for the people, T. F. Simmons and H. E. Nolloth (eds), London, Kegan Paul for the Early English Text Society, 1901. 238 The lay folks mass book, or, The manner of hearing Mass, Thomas Frederick Simmons (ed.), London, N. Trubner, for the Early English Text Society, 1879. 264.025 Secondary literature: Literacy: Arlinghaus, Franz-­‐Josef [et al.] (eds), Transforming the medieval world: Uses of pragmatic literacy in the Middle Ages, Turnhout, Brepols, 2006. Esp. Part 3. 302.22440902 2006 TRA MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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Bennett, H. S., “Literacy”, “The Demand for books”, English Books and Readers, 1475 to 1557, Cambridge UP, 1969, pp. 19-­‐29 and 54-­‐64. Chrisman, M.U., “The Reading and Book-­‐Buying Public”, Lay Culture, Learned Culture, Books and Social Change in Strasbourg, 1480-­‐1599, pp. 59-­‐76. Clanchy, M. T., From Memory to Written Record: England 1066-­‐1307, London, Edward Arnold, 1979. Cressy, David, “Levels of Illiteracy in England, 1530-­‐1730”, Historical Journal, vol. 20, no. 1, 1997, pp. 1-­‐
23. Glenn, Cheryl, “Medieval Literacy outside the Academy: Popular Practice and Individual Technique”, College Composition and Communication, vol. 44, no. 4, 1993, pp. 497-­‐508. Innes, Matthew, “Memory, Orality and Literacy in an Early Medieval Society”, Past and Present, 158, 1998, pp. 3-­‐36. Kapr, A., “The arts of writing and the book before Gutenberg”, Johann Gutenberg: The Man and his Invention, Scolar Press, 1996, pp. 15-­‐25. McKitterick, Rosamond (ed.), The Uses of Literacy in Early Medieval Europe, Cambridge UP, 1990. Parkes, M. B., “The Literacy of the Laity” in Scribes, Scripts and Readers: Studies in the Communication, Presentation and Dissemination of Medieval Texts, The Hambledon Press, 1991, pp. 275-­‐312. Petrucci, Armando, ‘Reading in the Middle Ages’, and ‘Reading and Writing Volgare in Medieval Italy’, in his Writers and Readers in Medieval Italy, pp. 132-­‐144 and 169-­‐235. Plant, Marjorie, The English Book Trade: An economic history of the making and sale of books (3rd edn), London, Allen & Unwin, 1974. Especially Chapter 2: The Demand for Books, pp. 35-­‐51. Saenger, P, “Books of Hours and the Reading Habits of the Later Middle Ages”, in Chartier (ed.), The Culture of Print: Power and the Uses of Print in Early Modern Europe, Polity Press, 1989, pp. 141-­‐
73. Sherman, W. H., “Reading: Modern Theory and Early Modern Practice”, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance, Uni. of Massachusetts Press, 1995, pp. 53-­‐78. Thomas, Keith, “The Meaning of Literacy in Early Modern England”, in Gerd Baumann (ed.), The Written Word: Literacy in Transition, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1986, pp. 97-­‐132. Religion: Duffy, Eamon, The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, 1400-­‐1580, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, c1992. 282.42 1992 STR Especially ch. 2. Hamilton, Bernard, Religion in the medieval West, 2nd edn, London, Arnold, 2003. 274.05 2003 REL MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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Swanson, R. N., Religion and devotion in Europe, c.1215-­‐c.1515, Cambridge & New York, Cambridge University Press, 1995. 274.05 1995 REL Tanner, Norman & Sethina Watson, “Least of the laity: the minimum requirements for a medieval Christian”, Journal of Medieval History, vol. 32, 2006, pp. 395-­‐423. Week 2: The Bible and sola scriptura One of the central platforms of Martin Luther’s Protestant reform programme was the contention that authority for religious belief and practice rested in Scripture alone. Additionally, reformers insisted that all Christians should have access to the Bible in their own languages. In this session we will discuss the implications of these new beliefs. Why was the principle and the circulation of vernacular Bibles so controversial? How could a translation of the Bible make it into a Protestant text (and hence make it onto the papacy’s Index Librorum Prohibitorum)? If, as no doubt Luther believed, there was one inherent true meaning written into the Bible, who would be given the job of interpreting it? What kinds of problems might emerge from giving all Christians access to the Bible and the injunction to read the truth for themselves? What kind of theory of ‘reading’ lies at the heart of Bible reading? Primary sources: Coverdale, Miles, (1488-­‐1568), with William Tyndale, The Byble which is all the holy Scripture: in whych are contayned the Olde and Newe Testament truly and purely translated into Englysh by Thomas Matthew, 1537. [For something different, try:] Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan, The reformation of the Bible, the Bible of the Reformation: Catalog of the exhibition by Valerie R. Hotchkiss and David Price, New Haven, Yale University Press, c1996. 220.4 1996 REF Ullerston, Richard, (d. 1423), A compendious olde treatyse, shewynge howe that we oughte to haue ye scripture in Englysshe, 1530. [EEBO] Secondary literature: Althaus, Paul, The theology of Martin Luther, Robert C. Schultz (tr.), Philadelphia, Fortress Press, 1966. 230.41 1966-­‐1. The Cambridge history of the Bible, Cambridge, University Press, 1970. Volume 3, chapter 5. 220 1963 CAM v3 De Hamel, Christopher, The Book: A History of the Bible, London, Phaidon, 2001. 220.09 2001 BOO MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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Ebeling, Gerhard, Luther: An introduction to his thought, R. A. Wilson (tr.), London, Collins, 1970. 270.6 1970-­‐1 Green, Ian, Print and Protestantism in Early Modern England, Oxford UP, 2000. Chapter 2. [Not available at UWA – ask me for a copy.] Greengrass, Mark, The European Reformation c.1500-­‐1618, London & New York, Longman, 1998, pp. 257-­‐263. Howard, Robert Glenn, “The Double Bind of the Protestant Reformation: The Birth of Fundamentalism and the Necessity of Pluralism”, Journal of Church & State, vol. 47, no. 1, 2005, pp. 91-­‐108. McGrath, Alister E., Christianity’s Dangerous Idea: The Protestant Revolution – A History from the Sixteenth Century to the Twenty-­‐First, New York, HarperOne, 2007. Chapter 9: “The Bible and Protestantism” not in Reid – ask me for a photocopy. Tracy, James D., Europe’s Reformations, 1450-­‐1650, Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield, 1999. Chapter 2: The Reformation in European Perspective, pp. 13-­‐29. Wilson, Derek , “The Luther Legacy”, History Today, vol. 57, no. 5, 2007, pp. 34-­‐39. Week 3: Luther, Propaganda and the Reformation Martin Luther’s Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences (1517), more famously known as the 95 Theses, is credited as the document that set in train the European Reformation(s). How could the content cause a revolution? Without the mass printing and circulation of this text, could it have achieved the impact that it did? More broadly, what does it take to cause the kind of wide-­‐spread change of opinion necessary to cause a revolution? What exactly is the nature of the power that words have? What kind of reaction has to take place in the reader’s mind for change to happen? To what extent did the occurence of change depend on a critical mass of people agreeing with the substance of Luther’s text? In this session, we will look at the propaganda techniques and other forms of literature used by Luther and his supporters to influence religious change and consider how audiences responded to them. Primary sources: Disputation of Doctor Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences (1517) [Luther’s Ninety-­‐
Five Theses], online at Project Wittenberg: http://www.ctsfw.edu/etext/luther/theses/ Luther, Martin (1483-­‐1546), Disputation of Doctor Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences (1517), in Works, Saint Louis, Concordia Pub. House/ Philadelphia, Fortress Press, 1955-­‐1986. Volume 31 270.6 1955 LUT Other primary sources: MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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Exsurge Domine: Leo X’s Papal Bull Condemning the Errors of Martin Luther (1520), online at Papal Encyclicals Online: http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Leo10/l10exdom.htm Fisher, John, Saint (1469-­‐1535), The sermon of Ioh[a]n the bysshop of Rochester made agayn the p[er]nicious doctryn of Martin luther w[i]t[h]in the octaues of the asce[n]syon by the assigneme[n]t of the most reuerend fader i[n] god the lord Thomas Cardinal of Yorke [and] legate ex latere from our holy father the pope, London, Wynkyn de Worde, 1521. [EEBO] Henry VIII, King of England (1491-­‐1547), Answere unto a certaine letter of Martyn Lther (London 1528), Amsterdam, Da Capo Press, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1971. 274.2 1971 ANS Luther, Martin (1483-­‐1546), The Babylonian captivity of the papacy (1520), in Works, Volume 36. 270.6 1955 LUT Luther, Martin (1483-­‐1546), To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation (1520), in Works, Volume 44. 270.6 1955 LUT Melanchthon, Philipp and Johannes Cochlaeus, Luther’s lives: two contemporary accounts of Martin Luther, Elizabeth Vandiver, Ralph Keen and Thomas D. Frazel (tr.), Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2002. 284.1092 LUT Melanchthon, Philipp (1497-­‐1560), The justification of man by faith only (London 1548), Amsterdam, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1979. 234.7 MEL The Leipzig Debate (1519) and Proceedings at Augsburg (1518), in Works, Volume 31. Secondary literature: Clair, C., “Renaissance and Reformation”, A History of European Printing, (Academic Press, 1976), pp. 120-­‐126. Darnton, R., The Forbidden Best-­‐Sellers of Pre-­‐Revolutionary France, New York, W.W. Norton, 1995. Section 3. Do Books Cause Revolutions? Eisenstein, E.L., “The Scriptural Tradition Recast: Resetting the Stage for the Reformation” The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural Transformations in Early Modern Europe, (Cambridge UP, 1979), pp. 303-­‐452. Eisenstein, E.L., “The Unacknowledged Revolution”, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, pp. 3-­‐42. Gilmont, J-­‐F., “Protestant Reformations and Reading”, A History of Reading in the West, G. Cavallo and R. Chartier (eds), University of Mass Press, 1999, pp. 213-­‐237. Higman, F., Piety and the People: Religious Printing in French 1511-­‐1551, Scolar Press, 1996. Kittelson, James M., Luther the reformer: The story of the man and his career, Minneapolis, Augsburg Pub. House, c1986. 284.10924 LUT MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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Martin, H., “The Reign of the Book”, The History and Power of Writing, 1994, pp. 233-­‐82. Martin and Febvre, “The Book as a Force for Change”, The Coming of the Book, (NLB, 1976), pp.248-­‐332. Schottenhauer, K., “The Reformation and the World of Books”, Books and the Western World: A Cultural History (1878), McFarland, 1968, pp. 146-­‐160. Scribner, R., “Printing, Prints and Propaganda”, For the Sake of Simple Folk: Popular Propaganda for the German Reformation, Cambridge UP, 1981. Week 4: Contraversialist literature and the English Reformation A curious thing happened in England, in response to Luther’s attack on the seven sacraments in his The Babylonian captivity of the papacy (1520): Henry VIII wrote (though apparently with some help from England’s foremost theologians of the day) and published the Assertio Septum Sacramentorum. Subsequently, most of Henry’s theologians’ energies were diverted to Henry’s quest for a divorce, leaving Sir Thomas More to defend the faith, almost single-­‐handedly, from an avalanche of reformist polemic. How well do you think Thomas More fared? All of the texts he was responding to were placed on a list of banned books; he had to be specifically licensed to read them – “But as helpe me god I fynde all my laboure in the wrytynge not halfe so greuouse and paynefull to me, as the tedyouse redynge of theyr blasphemouse heresyes”. He was also specifically commissioned to write refutations of these works in English – implying an expectation of a lay audience. But if the laity were not allowed access to the banned books, how effective might More’s writings have been in trying to dissuade readers? How successful were the authorities in removing these books from circulation? How do these ‘dialogues’ work? Do you think this was a new rhetorical strategy that evolved specifically to meet this challenge? Was the response of the English authorities unusual, even radical? Could you imagine earlier generations giving heresy this kind of air-­‐time? Did this strategy help or hinder their desired goal of eliminating the influence of the new Lutheran heresy? What are the strategies that are employed within these texts to both discredit and influence? Primary sources: Fish, Simon, A supplicacyon for the beggers, Amsterdam, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1973. Frith, John (1503-­‐1533), A disputacio[n] of purgatorye made by Ioh[a]n Frith which is deuided in to thre bokes. The first boke is an answere vnto Rastell, which goeth aboute to proue purgatorye by naturall phylosophye. The seconde boke answereth vnto Sir Thomas More, which laboureth to proue purgatorye by scripture. The thirde boke maketh answere vnto my lorde of Rochestre which most leaneth vnto the doctoures, Antwerp, S. Cock, 1531. EEBO] More, Thomas, Sir, Saint, A letter of syr Thomas More knight impugnynge the erronyouse wrytyng of Iohan Fryth against the blessed sacrament of the aultare (1533), in Complete Works. Volume 7. MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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–– , The confutacyon of Tyndales answere (1532), in Complete Works. Volumes 8(1) & 8(2). ––, The suupplycacyon of soulys, Amsterdam, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1971. –– , A Dialogue Concerning Heresies (1529), in The Complete Works of St. Thomas More, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1963-­‐1997. Volume 6(1) & 6(2) 942.052 1963 COM –– , The supplycacyon of soulys (1529), in Complete Works. Volume 7. Saint-­‐German, Christopher, A treatise concerning the division betwene the spiritualtie and temporaltie, Amsterdam, Theatrvm Orbis, 1972. 274.2 1972 TRE Standish, John, Lytle treatise composyd by Johan Standysshe ... against the protestacion of Robert Barnes at the tyme of his death (London, 1540), Amsterdam, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1979. 284.1 STA Tyndale, William (d. 1536), The obedience of a Christian man (1528), Menston, Scolar Press, 1970. 261.7 1970 OBE –– , An answere vnto Sir Thomas Mores dialoge made by Vvillyam Tindale, Antwerp, S. Cock, 1531. [EEBO] [See also, for comparison] Zwingli, Ulrich, “Commentary on true and false religion”, The Protestant reformation (documentary history of Western Civilization), 1968. [Book extract available through CMO] Secondary literature: Ackroyd, Peter, The Life of Thomas More, London, Chatto & Windus, 1998. 942.052092 MOR Chapter xxv “Foolish Frantic Books”. Block, Joseph S., Factional Politics and the English reformation, 1520-­‐1540, Woodbridge & Rochester, Boydell Press, 1993. 941.052 1993 FAC Bradshaw, Brendan and Duffy, Eamon (ed.), Humanism, reform, and the Reformation: The career of Bishop John Fisher, Cambridge & New York, Cambridge University Press, 1989. 282.0924 1989 HUM D’Alton, Craig W., “The Suppression of Lutheran Heretics in England, 1526-­‐1529”, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, vol. 54, no. 2, 2003, pp. 228-­‐253. D’Alton, Craig W., “Cuthbert Tunstal and Heresy in Essex and London, 1528”, Albion, vol. 35, no. 2, 2003, pp. 210-­‐228. Daniell, David, William Tyndale: A biography, New Haven, Yale University Press, c1994. 270.6092 TYN Lupton, Lewis, Tyndale the martyr, 1st ed, London Olive Tree, 1987. 270.6092 TYN McGoldrick, James Edward, Luther’s English connection: the Reformation thought of Robert Barnes and William Tyndale, Milwaukee, Northwestern Pub. House, 1979. 284.0942 1979-­‐2 MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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Martin, J. W., Religious Radicals in Tudor England, London, Hambledon Press, 1989. 280.4076 1989 REL Murphy, Virginia, “The Literature and Propaganda of Henry VIII’s First Divorce”, in MacCulloch, Diarmaid (ed.), The reign of Henry VIII: Politics, policy, and piety, New York, St. Martin’s Press, 1995, pp. 135-­‐158. Rex, Richard, “The English Campaign against Luther in the 1520s”, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th series, vol. 39, 1989, pp. 85-­‐106. Ryrie, Alex, “The Strange Death of Lutheran England”, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, vol. 53, no. 1, 2002. Wall, J. N., “The Reformation in England and the Typographical Revolution”, Print and Culture in the Renaissance, G.P. Tyson and S.S. Wagonheim (eds), University of Delaware Press, 1986. Pineas, Rainer, “Sir Thomas More’s Controversy with Christopher Saint-­‐German”, Studies in English Literature, 1500-­‐1900, vol. 1, no. 1, 1961, pp. 49-­‐62. Trueman, Carl R., Luther’s Legacy: Salvation and English reformers, 1525-­‐1556, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1994. 274.206 1994 LUT Walker, Greg, Persuasive Fictions: Faction, Faith and Political Culture in the Reign of Henry VIII, Aldershot, Scolar Press, 1996. Chapter 5: ‘Known Men’, Evangelicals and Brethren: Heretical Sects in Pre-­‐Reformation England, pp. 123-­‐142. MODULE 3: PLEASURE AND PAIN: A SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF LEISURE AND RECREATION, C.1680-­‐1800. (Dr Joanne McEwan) Module Outline This seminar series examines continuities and changes in leisure and recreation in the early modern period, focusing on the eighteenth century. Students will explore how the upper, middle and lower classes spent their ‘free time’ in pre-­‐industrial society, and the relationship between popular activities and economic, social and intellectual developments. Attention will be given to understanding the social construction of leisure and its consequences, initiatives aimed at controlling and regulating popular pastimes, and barriers to leisure and how these were overcome. Key topics include: plebeian culture and popular celebrations; coffee-­‐house culture; the birth of consumer society and the commercialisation of leisure; capital punishment and violence as a form of entertainment. MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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Essay Question Evaluate the effect of social or cultural developments in the eighteenth century on the leisure pursuits of the working or middle classes. You may choose to narrow the scope of your essay by focusing on a social or cultural development (for example, changing attitudes towards violence, commercialisation, urbanisation) or on a specific leisure activity (for example, shopping, spas and resorts, pleasure gardens, boxing). You MUST engage with AT LEAST one primary source. Seminar Outline Note: You are not required to read everything on the following reading lists. You are expected to select a number of readings based on your interests from the range of texts provided. Seminar 1. 23 September: Discourses and Diatribes about Leisure and Recreation The aim of this seminar is two-­‐fold. 1) First, we will look at historiographical debates concerning the definition and historical application of the concept ‘leisure’, and how it has variously been conceived and interpreted by historians. We will also consider long-­‐term trends in the historiography before looking more specifically at aspects of upper, middle and lower class recreational pursuits in the coming weeks. Consider: •
•
•
•
•
How have historians defined ‘leisure’? On what points do they agree and/or disagree? Is ‘leisure’ socially constructed? How so? What kinds of social and economic pre-­‐conditions are necessary for specific leisure activities to develop? What kind of opposition do they come up against? How does ‘leisure’ relate to ‘popular culture’? READINGS P. Burke, 'The Invention of Leisure in Early Modern Europe', Past and Present, no.146 (Feb. 1995), pp.136-­‐50. And a response by: J.L. Marfany, ‘The Invention of Leisure in Early Modern Europe: Reply’, Past & Present, no.156, 1997, pp.174-­‐197. G. Cross, A Social History of Leisure since 1660, (Venture, 1990), chs.1-­‐3. G.S. Jones, ‘Class Expression versus Social Control? A Critique of Recent Trends in the Social History of “Leisure”’, History Workshop Journal, no.4, 1977, pp.162-­‐170. K. Thomas, ‘Work and Leisure in pre-­‐Industrial Society’, Past & Present, no.29, 1964, pp.50-­‐66. MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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2) Secondly, we will foreground the more specific topics addressed in the following three weeks with an introduction to contemporary early modern moralist tracts about pleasure and recreation. We will look particularly at early eighteenth-­‐century texts that linked ideas about leisure with moral corruption. Look at one of the following primary sources and consider who wrote it, who it targeted, and what it is concerned with: PRIMARY READING J. Ellis, The necessity of a national reformation of manners; or, the duty of magistrates, ministers, and all others, to put the laws in execution against profaneness and immorality. Being a sermon, preached at the Church of St. Mary, in Nottingham, before the Mayor ... and the Society for Reformation of Manners. And publish'd at their request. The second edition, London, 1701. [Available via Eighteenth Century Collections Online]. A Dissertation upon drunkenness. Shewing to what an intolerable pitch that vice is arriv’d at in this kingdom. Together with the... number of taverns, coffee-­‐houses, alehouses, brandy-­‐shops, &c. ... also, an account of the pride brewers, vintners, victuallers, coffee-­‐house-­‐keepers, and distillers. London, [1727]. [Available via The Making of the Modern World database or on microfilm in the library]. Reformation necessary to prevent Our Ruine: A Sermon Preached to the Societies for Reformation of Manners, at St. Mary-­‐le-­‐Bow, on Wednesday, January 10th, 1727, London: Printed and Sold by Joseph Downing, in Bartholomew-­‐Close, near West-­‐Smithfield, 1728. M. Browne, The causes that obstruct the progress of reformation: with the means that warrant its hopes, and success. A sermon preached to the Society for Reformation of Manners, on Friday May 17, 1765. In the Parish Church of St. Swithin, London-­‐Stone. And Published at their united Request, London, [1765]. [Available via Eighteenth Century Collections Online]. Seminar 2. 7 October: Coffee-­‐Houses, Commercialisation and Material Consumption In this week’s seminar we will investigate the recreational activities of the middling and upper classes in Britain, considering especially the impact of commercialisation on recreational activities and leisure pursuits and developing codes of politeness and civility. Topics may include the emergence of coffee-­‐
house culture, new shopping practices, the proliferation of luxury goods, and travel. Consider: •
•
•
•
How did social, cultural, economic and intellectual factors influence these activities? What role does ‘pleasure’ play in these activities? Were these types of activities gender/regionally/occupationally specific? How did they affect other groups of people in society? PRIMARY READING J. Boswell, Boswell’s London Journal 1762-­‐1763, ed. By F. Pottle, 2nd Edition, (Edinburgh University Press, 2004), references to coffeehouses @ pp.74-­‐76, 93-­‐94, 104-­‐105, 115, 144, 221-­‐222. C. Fiennes, The Illustrated Journeys of Celia Fiennes, c.1685-­‐1712, ed. by C. Morris (London, 1982). MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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Examples of visits to spas in E. Freke, The Remembrances of Elizabeth Freke, 1671-­‐1714, Ed. By R.A. Anselment, (Cambridge UP, 2001). SECONDARY READING M. Berg & H. Clifford (eds), Consumers and Luxury: Consumer Culture in Europe 1650-­‐1850, Manchester University Press, Manchester & New York, 1999. M. Berg, ‘In Pursuit of Luxury: Global History and British Consumer Goods in the Eighteenth Century’, Past and Present, Vol. 182 (2004), pp. 85-­‐142. H. Berry, Gender, Society and Print Culture in Late Stuart England: The Cultural World of the Athenian Mercury, (Ashagte, 2003), ch.2 on coffee-­‐houses and print culture. J. Brewer, The Pleasures of the Imagination: English Culture in the Eighteenth Century, (New York, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1997). P.J. Corfield, The Impact of English Towns, 1700-­‐1800, (Oxford UP, 1982), ch.4 on Spas and Resorts. B. Cowan, ‘What Was Masculine About the Public Sphere? Gender and the Coffeehouse Milieu in post-­‐
Restoration England’, History Workshop Journal, no.51, 2001, pp.127-­‐157. A. Hann & J. Stobart, ‘Sites of Consumption: The Display of Goods in Provincial Shops in Eighteenth-­‐
Century England’, Social and Cultural History, vol.2(2), 2005, pp.165-­‐188. E. Kowalski-­‐Wallace, Consuming Subjects: Women, Shopping, and Business in the Eighteenth Century, Columbia University Press, New York, 1997. P. Langford, A Polite and Commercial People, England, 1727-­‐1783 (Oxford, 1989), chs.3 and 10. B. Lemire, ‘The Theft of Clothes and Popular Consumerism in Early Modern England’, The Journal of Social History, vol.24.2, 1990, pp.1255-­‐276. N. McKendrick, J. Brewer & J.H. Plumb, The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-­‐Century England, (Europa Publications, London, 1982). J.H. Plumb, The Commercialisation of Leisure in Eighteenth-­‐ Century England. The Stenton Lecture, 1972 (Reading, 1973); reprinted in N. McKendrick, J. Brewer & J.H. Plumb, The Birth of a Consumer Society. The Commercialization of Eighteenth-­‐century England (1982), pp.265-­‐85. R. Porter, “Material Pleasures in the Consumer Society”, Pleasure in the Eighteenth Century (eds) R. Porter & M. Mulvey Roberts (Washington Square, New York University Press, 1996). J. Stobart, ‘Shopping streets as Social Space: leisure, Consumerism and improvement in an Eighteenth-­‐
Century County Town’, Urban History, vol 25.1, 1998, pp.3-­‐21. C. Sussman, Consuming Anxieties: Consumer Protest, Gender and British Slavery, 1713-­‐1833, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2000. MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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M. Toussaint-­‐Samat, A History of Food, trans. A. Bell, (Blackwell, 1992), ‘Section VII: New Needs: Sugar, Chocolate, Coffee, Tea’. J. Walvin, Fruits of Empire: Exotic Produce and British Taste, 1660-­‐1800, (New York University Press, New York, 1997). L. Weatherill, Consumer Behaviour & Material Culture in Britain, 1660-­‐1760, (Routledge, London, 1988). Seminar 3. 14 October: Alehouses, Gaming and Popular Pastimes In this seminar we will focus on popular culture and the pastimes of the working classes. We will consider questions such as regional variation, continuity and change, and distinctions between the working and middles classes. Consider: •
•
•
•
What activities constituted recreation for the labouring and working classes? How were they influenced by social and economic conditions? Did popular pastimes vary between urban and rural areas? How so? Are any of these activities age/gender/occupationally specific? Can you identify continuities or changes in the pastimes and recreational activities of the lower classes? To what do you attribute any changes you can see? PRIMARY READING Bring to this seminar a primary source that provides some details about a popular eighteenth-­‐century pastime, and be prepared to briefly discuss what it tells us about working class leisure activities. You might find it useful to search one of the library’s electronic databases to locate a source. Databases that contain eighteenth-­‐century material include Eighteenth-­‐Century Collections Online, the 17th and 18th Century Burney Newspaper Collection, The Times Digital Archive, and The Making of the Modern World Collection. Other useful websites might include The Proceedings of the Old Bailey Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org) and the Internet Library of Early Journals (http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/ilej/). SECONDARY READING P. Burke, Popular Culture in Early Modern England, 3rd edition (Ashgate, 2009). P. Clarke, The English Alehouse: A social History, 1200-­‐1830, (1983). H. Cunningham, Leisure in the Industrial Revolution, c.1780-­‐c.1880 (1980), ch.2. E. Griffin, England’s Revelry: A History of Popular Sports and Pastimes, 1660-­‐1830, (Oxford UP, 2005). T. Harris, Popular Culture in England, 1500-­‐1850, (Macmillan, 1995). MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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M. Ingram, ‘Ridings, Rough Music and the ‘Reform of Popular Culture’ in Early Modern England’, Past & Present, vol.105(1), 1984, pp.79-­‐113. R.W. Malcolmson, Popular Recreations in English Society, 1700-­‐1850 (Cambridge, 1973). E.P. Thompson, Customs in Common, (Merlin Press, London, 1991), ‘The Patricians and the Plebs’. D. Underdown, 'Regional Cultures? Local Variations in Popular Culture during the Early Modern Period', in T. Harris, ed., Popular Culture in England, c.1500-­‐1850 (Basingstoke, 1995), pp.28-­‐43. P. Withington, ‘Company and Sociability in Early Modern England’, Social History, vol.32.3, 2007, pp.291-­‐
307. Popular Culture and Class Conflict, 1590-­‐1914: Explorations in the History of Labour and Leisure, ed. By E. Yeo & S. Yeo, (The harvester Press, 1981). Seminar 4. 21 October: Moral Deterrent or Lower Class Savagery? State Regulation and Changing Attitudes towards Punishment as Entertainment. Attendance at public punishments and especially at executions had long served as a form of popular entertainment in England by the eighteenth century. Indeed, the shaming nature of many punishments relied on the crowd’s presence and participation to impart humiliation. From early eighteenth-­‐century execution accounts and dying speeches, it is clear that the public spectacle of the execution was supposed to teach a moral lesson and to deter members of the crowd from committing similar crimes. Over the course of the eighteenth century, however, a shift occurred. Concerns that witnessing executions was barbarous and morally corrupting surfaced. By the close of the century, punishments had moved indoors and away from the public eye. In this seminar, we will investigate changing attitudes towards violence and the decline of judicial punishment as entertainment in England. PRIMARY READING J. Boswell, Boswell’s London Journal, 1762-­‐1763, ed. By F. Pottle, 2nd Edition, (Edinburgh University Press, 2004), reaction to witnessing an execution @pp.252-­‐254. Covent-­‐Garden Journal (London, England), Saturday, March 28, 1752; Issue 25 on the disorderly scenes at Tyburn. [Available via the 17th and 18th Century Burney Collection Newpsapers database]. Also look at one of the many early eighteenth-­‐century Ordinary of Newgate accounts from the Old Bailey website (www.oldbaileyonline.org), or execution broadsides from the National Library of Scotland’s Word on the Street website (http://www.nls.uk/broadsides/). SECONDARY READING Susan Dwyer Amussen, ‘Punishment, Discipline and Power: The Social Meanings of Violence in Early modern England’, Journal of British Studies, 34.1, 1995, 1-­‐34. MEMS8402_sem2_2010
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John Briggs, Christopher Harrison, Angus McInnes and David Vincent, Crime and Punishment in England: An Introductory History (1996), Chapter 11. S. Devereaux & P. Griffiths, Penal Practice and Culture, 1500-­‐1900, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), chs. 1, 2, 5, 8 or 9. V.A.C. Gatrell, The Hanging Tree: Execution and the English People 1770-­‐1868 (Oxford, 1994), pp.90-­‐108. J.M. Golby and A.W. Purdue, The Civilisation of the Crowd. Popular Culture in England, 1750-­‐1900 (1984). Peter King, Crime, Justice and Discretion in England 1740-­‐1820 (Oxford, 2000), Chapter 10. Randall McGowen, ‘Civilizing Punishment: The End of the Pubic Execution in England’, Journal of British Studies, 33:3, 1994, 257-­‐282. Randall McGowen, ‘The Body and Punishment in Eighteenth-­‐Century England’, Journal of Modern History, 59.4, 1987, 651-­‐679. A. McKenzie, Tyburn's Martyrs: Execution in England, 1675-­‐1775, (Hambledon, London, 2007). Frank McLynn, Crime and Punishment in Eighteenth-­‐Century England (London, 1989), Chapters 14 and 15. J.A. Sharpe, ‘“Last dying Speeches”: Religion, Ideology and Public Execution in Seventeenth-­‐Century England’, Past & Present, no.107, 1985, pp.144-­‐167. R. Shoemaker, ‘Male Honour and the Decline of Public Violence in Eighteenth-­‐Century London’, Social history, vol. 26(2), 2001, pp.190-­‐208. David Taylor, Crime, Policing and Punishment in England, 1750-­‐1914 (1998), Chapter on Punishment. STUDENT RIGHTS
Link to Charter of student rights and responsibilities:
http://www.secretariat.uwa.edu.au/home/policies/charter
Student Guild contact details:
The University of Western Australia Student Guild
35 Stirling Highway
Crawley WA 6009
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Phone: (+61 8) 6488 2295
Facsimile: (+61 8) 6488 1041
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.guild.uwa.edu.au
COMPULSORY UNITS FOR STUDENTS COMMENCING A COURSE IN THE ARTS
FACULTY
•
Introductory Research and Information Skills (Arts IRIS)
http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/for/students/iris
Arts IRIS is a compulsory online unit for commencing students in the Arts Faculty.
If you have enrolled for the first time this semester (i.e. you are newly enrolled) in an Arts degree
(postgraduate or undergraduate) you must be enrolled in Arts IRIS (the unit code is COMM 2000). If you
have enrolled for the first time this semester in a Science or Business degree, for example, but are doing
some Arts units you do not need to be enrolled in Arts IRIS. You will need to check the IRIS enrolment
requirements with your home faculty.
You are strongly encouraged to complete Arts IRIS at the beginning of semester. This way you will
benefit from the ability to find the most appropriate information for your work right from the start.
After completing Arts IRIS you will have the skills to become a confident, independent and more skilful
researcher. These attributes will benefit you throughout your university studies and later when you enter
the workforce, increasing your employability.
Arts IRIS is accessed through WebCT (http://webct.uwa.edu.au). To complete the unit you will need to
achieve 80% in the quiz. You can, however, take the quiz as many times as required to pass. You must
complete Arts IRIS by the end of the mid-semester break in your first semester of enrolment.
When you have passed Arts IRIS you will receive an Ungraded Pass (UP) on your Academic Transcript,
the official record of your performance at UWA. If you do not complete the unit by achieving 80% in the
quiz (by the end of the mid-semester break in your first semester of enrolment) you will receive an
Ungraded Fail (UF) on your Academic Transcript for “Introductory Research and Information Skills”.
•
Academic Conduct Essentials (ACE)
All newly enrolled students in first level units are required to complete a short compulsory online module
called Academic Conduct Essentials (ACE) within the first 10 weeks of semester. ACE introduces
students to essential knowledge regarding ethical scholarship, helps prepare them for the expectations of
their university career and informs them of correct academic conduct.
The unit can be accessed via WebCT (http://webct.uwa.edu.au). The unit quiz must be completed with a
mark of 80% or greater. Students may attempt the quiz as many times as they wish to gain the required
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pass mark. Completion of the unit will be recorded as an Ungraded Pass (UP) on students’ academic
records. Non-completion (NC) within the required timeframe will also be documented on formal academic
records. More information on ACE is available at (http://ace.uwa.edu.au).
ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT: PLAGIARISM STATEMENT FOR STUDENTS
http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/studentnet/policies/dishonesty
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