FINAL EXAMINATION
JANUARY 2014 SEMESTER
COURSE
COURSE CODE
DURATION
FACULTY
PROGRAMME
LECTURER
: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL
: MPD3153
: 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES
: BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
: DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
: ERNA HARYANI BINTI AMALUDIN
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
This paper consists of three (3) sections:
Section A – 20 questions (objective questions)
Section B – 1 question (short answer question)
Section C – 5 questions (essay questions)
Answer all questions in Section A and B and only four (4) questions in Section C.
All answers of:
Section A must be written in OMR objective paper provided.
Section B and C must be written in answer booklet provided.
The answer for each question must start on a new page.
Candidates are allowed to use calculator.
Candidates are NOT ALLOWED to bring any unauthorized items into the exam hall
except with the permission of your invigilator.
Do Not Open the Question Paper Until Instructed
This Question Paper Consists of Nine (9) Printed Pages
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SECTION A : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(20 MARKS)
Choose ONE best statement to answer the questions.
1. Weather patterns are largely determined in the
(A) lithosphere
(B) mesosphere
(C) troposphere
(D) stratosphere
2. Radon
(A) is caused by the breakdown of the ozone layer
(B) contributes to the breakdown of the ozone layer
(C) may cause damage to respiratory tissues when inhaled
(D) binds with hemoglobin, preventing binding with oxygen
3. The reason that temperature increases with altitude through most of the
stratosphere is
(A) greenhouse gases warm the air
(B) water vapor levels are high and store heat
(C) sunlight is more intense in the stratosphere
(D) heat released by absorption of UV radiation by oxygen and ozone
4. Prolonged exposure to any sound louder than _______ dB can cause hearing loss.
(A) 10
(B) 60
(C) 85
(D) 130
5. Natural sources of air pollution come from
(A) soil dust and volcanic dust
(B) evaporation of solvents
(C) coal-fired electrical plants
(D) internal combustion engines
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6. The most serious heat related emergencies is heat
(A) stroke
(B) cramps
(C) syncope
(D) exhaustion
7. Carbon monoxide is
(A) caused by ozone depletion
(B) extremely damaging to human blood
(C) a major component of the atmosphere
(D) produced by plants during photosynthesis
8. Which of the following will protect against exposure to radiation?
(A) Time
(B) Distance
(C) Shielding
(D) All of the above
9. One of the problems that occurs as a consequence of CFC pollution is
(A) toxins accumulating in homes
(B) increasing skin cancer in humans
(C) damage to human red blood cells
(D) movement of toxins into lakes and rivers, which poisons fish
10. The symptoms of heat stroke include all of the following EXCEPT
(A) rapid pulse
(B) hot and dry skin
(C) extreme hunger
(D) reduced sweating
11. The main cause of industrial smog is
(A) indoor air pollution
(B) burning fossil fuels
(C) fires for heating food
(D) generation of nuclear power
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12. One of the first observable effects of over exposure to very low level radioactivity
is
(A) loss hair
(B) leukemia
(C) glowing in the dark
(D) changes in the blood account
13. Which of the following is an example of nonpoint source pollution?
(A) Domestic sewage from a town
(B) Agricultural fertilizers from cropland
(C) Discharge pipe from a meatpacking plant
(D) Storm-water runoff from a storm drainpipe
14. Sounds waves do NOT travel through
(A) gases
(B) solids
(C) liquids
(D) vacuum
15. Photochemical smog differs from industrial smog in that it
(A) has large quantities of soot
(B) consists of primary pollutants
(C) is formed in the presence of sunlight
(D) is primarily composed of carbon monoxide
16.
The above picture shows which type of light fixture?
(A) Direct
(B) Indirect
(C) Shielded
(D) Direct-indirect
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17. Heat transfer through space from the sun occurs by
(A) radiation
(B) convection
(C) conduction
(D) Pascal's Law
18. Mercury is useful in lighting because it contributes to the
(A) less energy usage and operating costs.
(B) less energy usage and reduces emissions.
(C) bulbs' efficient operation and life expectancy.
(D) bulb’s efficient operation and reduces emissions.
19. This type of hearing protection can be custom made according to the ear.
(A) Ear caps
(B) Ear muff
(C) Ear plug
(D) Cotton and bits of cloth
20. ‘Heating a room with a fireplace’.
What type of heat transfer involved with the above process?
(A) Radiation
(B) Convection
(C) Conduction
(D) Condensation
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SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
(40 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions.
1. Below are the air quality data measured in the city of Seremban.
Day/ Air pollutants
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
SO2
0.012
0.027
0.055
0.019
0.021
0.123
0.233
Location : Seremban
NO2
CO
0.123
2.7
0.099
2.7
0.023
1.9
0.022
2
0.022
4
0.025
2.5
0.02
3
O3
0.022
0.012
0.002
0.008
0.003
0.005
0.009
PM10
58
54
200
88
190
150
170
a. Calculate the air quality level for this city using Air Pollution Index (API).
(See attachment provided in appendix 1)
(14 marks)
b. Summarize the status of the air quality at the location.
(4 marks)
c. State the air pollutant that contributes to the highest individual API value?
(2 marks)
d. Using a graph, illustrate finding and show the API values. (See attachment
provided in appendix 2)
(10 marks)
2. a. Indicate the main water pollution sources.
(4 marks)
b. Explain how the water pollution can cause a bad damage or effect to
environment
(6 marks)
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SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS
(40 MARKS)
Answer FOUR (4) questions only.
Question 1
Discuss the problems associated with bad street lighting and solution to overcome the
problems.
(10 marks)
Question 2
Explain the factors that contribute to heat-stress.
(10 marks)
Question 3
Describe the health effects of noise pollution to human.
(10 marks)
Question 4
Discover the method that can be used to reduce heat in urban area.
(10 marks)
Question 5
Point out the benefits from the contribution of the government and the public people
in environmental assessment.
(10 marks)
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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Appendix 1
EQUATION FOR THE CALCULATION OF AIR POLLUTION INDEX (API)
O3
1 hour average concentration
conc. < 0.2 ppm
API = conc. x 1000
0.2 < conc. < 0.4
API = 200 + {[conc. – 0.2] x 500}
conc. > 0.4 ppm
API = 300 + {[conc. – 0.4] x 1000}
CO
8 hour average concentration
conc. < 9 ppm
API = conc. x 11.11111
9 < conc. < 15
API = 100 + {[conc. – 9] x 16.66667}
15 < conc. < 30
API = 200 + {[conc. – 15] x 6.66667}
conc. > 30 ppm
API = 300 + {[conc. – 30] x 10}
SO2
24 hour average concentration
conc. < 0.04 ppm
API = conc. x 2500
0.04 < conc. < 0.3
API = 100 + {[conc. – 0.04] x 384.61}
0.3 < conc. < 0.6
API = 200 + {[conc. – 0.3] x 333.333}
conc. > 0.6 ppm
API = 300 + {[conc. – 0.6] x 500}
NO2
1 hour average concentration
conc. < 0.17 ppm
API = conc. x 588.23529
0.17 < conc. < 0.6
API = 100 + {[conc. – 0.17] x 232.56}
0.6 < conc. < 1.2
API = 200 + {[conc. – 0.6] x 166.667}
conc. > 1.2 ppm
API = 300 + {[conc. – 1.2] x 250}
PM10
24 hour average concentration
conc. < 50 µg/cu.m
API = conc.
50 < conc. < 350
API = 50 + {[conc. – 50] x 0.5}
350 < conc. < 420
API = 200 + {[conc. – 350] x 1.4286}
420 < conc. < 500
API = 300 + {[conc. – 420] x 1.25}
conc. > 500 µg/cu.m
API = 400 + [conc. – 500]
TOTAL API
highest individual API value
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Appendix 2
Air Pollution Index (API), Department of Environment (DOE)
API
0 to 50
51 to 100
101 to 200
201 to 300
301 to 500
Level of Health Concern
Good
Moderate
Unhealthy
Very Unhealthy
Hazardous
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