STUDIES
ON
THE
FAUNA
CARIBBEAN
OF
CURAÇAO
ISLANDS:
Nemerteans from
AND
OTHER
No.
75.
Curaçao
by
Diva
de
(Departamento
All
treated in
species
January
and
Zoologia
this
Corrêa
da Universidade
paper
June 1962, during
Instituut”
Biologisch
Diniz
my
Paulo)
by
me
between
at the “Caraïbisch Marien-
Marine
(Caribbean
Sao
collected
were
stay
de
Biological
Institute),
Curaçao.
I
Dr.
awarded
INGVAR
the kind
as
The first
by
me.
are:
108-109)
The
types
sited in the
no
of 9
102-103)
Netherlands,
in
Curaçao;
mentioned,
to
for
friend Miss HERTHA
stay
“dushi Corsou”
on
as
of the
as
curta
were
found
(Hubrecht,
independent
an
1925)
again
1879),
species;
by WIJNHOFF
Cerebratulus.
new
species,
Department
of
and
some
of the further
Zoology, University
descriptions
var.
curta
species
material,
Paulo,
have
been
Brazil.
Hoplonemertini
Zygonemertes
Amphiporus
(Hubrecht)
Prostomatella
Tetrastemma
(Girard)
new
of Sao
of:
Correa
Baseodiscus delineatus
kristenseni,
only
var.
(WIJNHOFF
2
classified with doubt
Heteronemertini
Corsoua
work
Cura9ao
of which
species,
species atra, 1851,
rhabdotus
atra
Institute
from
nemerteans
on
Palaeonemertini
Dushia
the
Baseodiscus delineatus
This paper contains
Tubulanus
to
effort to make my
by WIJNHOFF (p.
and GIRARD'S
(p.
Director of
the
me
possible.
descriptions
considered
Government of
shown to me; and to
my
spared
paper
They
the
grant enabling
a
KRISTENSEN,
who
pleasant
contains
me
hospitality
CAPRILES,
as
to
deeply indebted
am
which
virescens
texanus
(Verrill)
Coe
enteroplecta
herthae,
Tetrastemma worki
new
Correa
Correa
species
depo-
42
Tubulanus rhabdotus
CoRRftA
1961,
1954,
Piscadera
One worm;
of
Sao
Baai,
Paulo, Brazil;
living
of
length
black
worm
25
each
other;
light
halos,
black
also
and
11-12,
fig.
1925,
Several
stripes
but
irregularly
the
The
bears
dorso-ventrally,
reach
can
set
rows;
and
eyes,
sense
and
is
lobe
cephalic
no
from
apart
in
a
several
organs
has
are
ring.
delineatus
2a-e,
as
Causeway,
with
disposed
rings.
pi.
B.
5
(Hubrecht,
curta
var.
fig.
6,
as
1958,
curtus;
Baseodiscus
443,
p.
pi.
1
1879)
curtus; CORR£A
fig.
1-2;
1961,
p.
Piscadera
under
Baai,
blocks
of
dead
coral
and
among
algae;
zone.
January-June
Sao
1962.
Paulo, Brazil;
Curasao; Virginia Key,
worms
with
creamy,
which
are
measured
lighter
up to
several
on
15
cm
the
cirrus;
Miami,
Fla.
—
connective
pore
longitudinal
tissue; cephalic
dorsoventral
ground
brown-reddish
Eyes
cephalic
The
present,
are
lobe. Horizontal
absent.
proboscis
the external
length.
ventral surface.
distributed on both sides of the
cephalic slits
in
irregular,
narrow,
new
genus
Heteronemertini with horizontal lateral
from
species
the
ocher-greenish,
and
on
Dushia,
caudal
MacArthur
zone.
irregularly
lateral
occur
fig. 6-9, 11,
Coast of
living
is
2
worms;
Cosmopolitan.
color
12-18;
fig.
zone.
Biscayne,
both scattered and
102-103, fig.
p.
CURASAO:
The
4
7.
intertidal
Intertidal
fig. 10-11, pi.
halos like the trunk. Lateral
light
199-201, pi.
p.
Key
color is
breadth
flattened
Baseodiscus
WIJNHOFF
3
pi.
zone.
long,
cm
within the fourth black
present
1956,
7
ground
spots,
which
spots
7-9,
algae; intertidal
among
Intertidal
irregular
triangle-shaped,
black
fig.
Virginia Key,
—
was
The
cm.
of
rings,
2
pi.
1962.
April
Miami, Fla.; Curasao (new).
The
1-6,
fig.
5-6.
CURASAO:
Coast
1
12-25, pi.
p.
5-8, fig.
p.
1954
Corrêa,
muscles
cephalic slits; without
cutis
sub-terminal;
muscle
layer
of
glands absent; diagonal
between
the
intestinal
not
the
a
separated
wall
body
muscles
diverticles
by
absent;
present;
43
median gut with lateral diverticles;
muscles: external
muscle
vessels;
fibrous
core
proboscis;
The first
(BURGER
the
a
type
generic
1904,
name
124).
p.
of
species
(Girard,
applied
This
synonym
two
blood
with
organs
closely
connected
1851).
to the
M.
used
a
again because
Leuckart,
somatotomus
1804
marginatus Renier,
Meckelia becomes
species is Meckelia
present
cannot be
name
Meckelia,
of Cerebratulus
Consequently
longitudinal;
pre-cerebral
ganglia.
Dushia atra
genus:
layers of
ganglia bifurcated;
cerebral
neurochords;
with the dorsal cerebral
of the
than two
more
of the dorsal cerebral
neurochord cells and
Type
internal
circular,
longitudinal,
in the
crosses
three
proboscis with
(ibid.,
112).
p.
of Cerebratulus
synonym
is
1828,
Renier,
1804.
The
other
Lineus,
and
includes
from
separated
connective
by
give
allotted to Lineus without
In
teristics.
the oldest
which
the
quently,
a
genus
L.
generic
name.
I
also
of Lineus.
lateral
compared
key (1960),
cephalic
Micrurina
proboscis,
and
the
new
Wijnhoff,
and
(BURGER
of
new
the
many
and
species
1904, p.
FRIEDRICH'S
1770).
the
only
87,
This
one
93).
description
p.
is
with
Conse-
of Lineus and must
(1935.
and
generic charac-
known from
1806,
still could
keep
310) becomes
of L.
longissimus
absent in Lineus.
genus
based
Dushia,
on
FRIEDRICH'S
heteronemertean genera with horizontal
three-layered
1942,
core
are
that
wall
diagonal
incomplete
(Gunnerus,
type species
From the
crosses
with all
slits
fibrous
were
cutis
body
and
(p. 59)
to:
true
Heterolineus FRIEDRICH
know that muscle
modern
is the
is
discussion of
Sowerby,
introduced
longissimus
It
longissimus
of Lineus
was
it.
these
however,
Heterolineus
species
synonym
we
1960,
of
description
this
diagnosis
strong
1960 FRIEDRICH
Lineus, owing
1960)
margins,
muscles of the
longitudinal
in
(Friedrich,
lateral
dorso-ventral muscles very
of
Cerebratulus
species,
Cerebratulus
cirrus, sharp
information about
contradictory
were
caudal
Nevertheless,
univocal
a
a
GIRARD'S
used either.
the external
tissue,
muscles present.
not
be
with
species
for
adopted
genera
cannot
with
only
one
dorsal cerebral
without neurochord cells
and
wall.
proboscis
muscle
ganglia
neurochords;
They
cross
not
in
are:
the
bifurcated,
Evelineus
Correa,
44
with
1954,
frontal
a
musculature
with circular muscles of the
with
connective
muscles of the
longitudinal
p.
ater,
108-109.
1951a,
BURGER
1904,
Cerebratulus
—
wall
body
(Girard,
124.
p.
1960,
connected
partially
Parborlasia Frie-
wall;
between
and
glands
cutis
and
external
wall.
body
COE
ater,
least
at
body
tissue
Dushia atra
Cerebratulus
large cephalic
rhynchocoel
muscles of the
longitudinal
1960,
drich,
with
the
proboscis; Micrurides Friedrich,
in the
crosses
from
separated
by connective tissue,
without muscle
with the
cutis
organ,
253.
p.
—•
18-24
Figs.
ater
Cerebratulus
—
1943,
1851)
(?),
Lineus ater,
WIJNHOFF
COE
1951,
1925,
330;
p.
181.
p.
CURASAO :
in
Piscadera
under blocks
sand
masses
of several
Blauw
Baai,
of dead
Vaersen
Baai,
Baai,
coral; high-water level.
and their black color
specimens,
in coralline
abundant
The
worms
contrasts
live
entangled
with
strongly
the white sand.
Several
Off
The
is
living
variable
tractile.
The
is flattened
pure
white
lateral
dorsoventrally.
avoid
in
50
slits and the
as
Fla.,
5
The
mm.
and
width
The
highly
are
end is rounded. The whole
black
18,
(Fig.
(o)
Curasao.
distension.
worms
is
m)
for
except
the anterior borders
mouth
reef;
on a
in full
length
to
posterior
proboscis
magnesium chloride
1
uniformly
also
The
lip.
in
cm
from
and the
are
of the
Key West,
tip,
the
of the
which is
deep horizontal
an enormous
excessive
con-
body
longitudinal
the
contraction
solution for about 30 minutes before
worms
preservation
formalin.
The ciliated
underlain by
epidermis
a
slits
cephalic
epithelial
thin
muscles
cutis is
of the
internal
thinner
of
than
are
the
wall
there
between the
pre-cerebral
(g),
at the level of the
viz.
wall,
the
a
muscles
and
(Fig. 22). Parenchymatic
the
a
cells
are
slits
muscles
muscles
distinct
thick
rare,
is
Fibers
through
cephalic glands
glandular
and
tissue.
one
of
is
The
(a)
the muscle
of horizontal
from the
longitudinal
are
and
slightly
At the level
coming
the
Sub-
longitudinal
the intestinal
absent.
plate
it.
circular
the thickness
are
is
Of the three muscular
between
central
wall.
net
and
esophageal epithelium (Fig. 20, u)
external
of connective
the circular
and
of
(e),
lateral
The thick cutis
present.
(Fig. 22).
However,
one.
rhynchocoel
rather
proximal part
are
longitudinal (Fig. 20, 1),
strong. Diagonal
form
of the horizontal
in the
embedded
the thickest,
and
the
separating layer
Dorso-ventral
thick
in
cells
flask-shaped gland
(Fig. 20, s)
cephalic
longitudinal
body.
rather
esophagus
first is
in
epidermis
least
is
the external
the
but not
is
cells
rich
The
at
glands,
without any
(1)
internal
along
present
esophagus
The
lacks
large gland
body
body
membrane.
longitudinal muscles
longitudinal (t),
varies
layers
and
interrupted
of the
layers
(Fig. 20), extremely
basement
(Fig. 22, h)
circular
layer, composed
ticles
to
ranges
The color is
below,
protraction
water;
up
It
body.
above and
were relaxed
in hot
the
tip is acutely pointed
cephalic
slit. To
measured
worms
along
1962.
January—June
worms;
Cape Florida, dredged in deep
diverof the
muscles
circular,
muscles
absent.
ciliated.
The
epithelium
Dushia
— f,
fibrous
lateral
n,
Bifurcation
cerebral
neurochord
—
core
Curaçao.
of fibrous
wall.
—
cells. — d,
cephalic
s,
body
organ.
nephridial
wall.
from
(Girard),
section of
verse
and
atra
19a-c.
Figs.
a,
—
Fig.
circular
cerebral
canal.
—
—
l,
o,
sub-epithelial
21.
external
18. Anterior view of
of dorsal cerebral
Connection
muscles
organ
of dorsal cerebral
slit.
Fig.
—
core
of
muscles
wall.
wall.
ganglia. — g,
cutis
longitudinal muscles
of
—
body
u,
worm.
dorsal cerebral
b,
—
cerebral
wall.
—
—
gland
of
cells.
body
p, proboscis
t, internal
—
wall.
pore.
—
h,
—
r,
ganglia
canal.
—
c,
cells.
horizontal-
m,
mouth.
—
rhynchocoel
longitudinal
esophageal epithelium.
—
20. Trans-
Fig.
—
cells. — e, flask-shaped epidermic gland
proboscis evaginated.
body
between
body
preserved
ganglia.
muscles
of
46
of
the
median
circular
and
lateral
deep
The
is
did
not
see
of
(1960,
external
a
thick
of
but
the
At
which
and
are
has
A thin
numerous
the
dorso-ventral
rise
the
to
the main
layer
belong to
level
to
dorsally
resting
plexus (n),
there
strands
lateral
vessels
the weak
four
are
(d)
The
blood
and
vessels
cords
internal
stronger
vessels
I
wall
is
layer
of
proboscis
thin
a
muscles
(c),
epithelium (u).
longitudinal layer,
than the ventral
joined
where
point
levels,
No
or
the
closed
the
ventral
one
vessel
rhynchocoelic
small
the
on
can
be
proboscis
cerebral
vessels
large postcerebral
two
running posteriorly.
of
two
p);
situated
ones
some
at
At the level
22,
(Fig.
larger
two
are
At the
collapse.
is
the
FRIEDRICH
by
of circular
layer
with
proboscis layers
type.
of fibers.
nerve
a
of
layer
a
muscles
the
organ.
the
through
pass
dorsal
vessels
of
and the flat internal
the dorsal
rhynchodaeum,
The
circular
is also advised
as
rhyn-
thinner than the former.
glandular epithelium (Fig. 23, a),
of these
The
rhynchocoel
rhynchocoel cavity,
terminology
the
slit.
cilia. The
long
slightly
proboscis,
a nervous
the circular
crosses,
has
rhynchocoelic
the
For
longitudinal muscles (i),
pre-cerebral
ganglia give
the
by
wall.
high
rhynchodaeum.
the
septum
the
drawings represent
my
external
muscle
duplicated by
(Fig. 24, t).
ventral
small, sub-terminal,
of circular muscles
formed
rhynchodaeum
of the
sides
cells
The intestine
gut.
epithelium facing
body
of internal
situated
the
and
layer
the whole both
on
in
glandular
longitudinal muscles (1),
layer
forming two
ones
but
an
coming from
Fibers
(v),
of the
a
is
the position of the everted
use
54);
p.
composed
flat
a
and a
cross
any
muscles
continue to
eosinophilous gland
present
is
18, p)
(Fig.
pore
composed
circular
is
epithelium (Fig. 22, r)
longitudinalmuscles,
I
with
provided
musculature
diverticles.
proboscis
chodaeum
wall
is
gut
splanchnic
was
occur,
recog-
nizable.
The
well-developed nephridial system
dorso-laterally,
anterior
Most
There
gut.
of the
close
to
the
several
are
vessels.
the circular
Behind
dorsal
dorsal
smaller
cerebral
The
organ
than
from the
(d)
nerve
cords,
the
unknown
features
are
are
and
body wall,
closely
(b)
opens
19
one.
are
(c),
with
directed
cells
From the lateral
outside
body,
the
peculiarities
uniformly
tip,
of
p.
for
the
wall
pre-cerebral
dorsal
of
The fibrous
into
cerebral
a
nervous
Eyes
1951a, p.
with
description
(b).
fibrous
The
inside the
fibrous
GIRARD'S
color
two cores,
core
are
core
cerebral
same
for the
plexus
coat.
body
absent.
species
are
1943,
its
p.
still
external
specimens.
throughout
(COE
is
The
of the lateral
181), only
my
the
ganglia (Fig. 21).
canal
together
to
core
of the brain
fibers from the
in the
cords
externally
connective tissue.
by
musculature.
109; COE
GIRARD'S
and
nerves.
to the cerebral
in
(Fig. 20, n).
ganglionar layer
slit. Some
comparison
black
the
wall
situated
split distally
body
nerve
the circular
1925,
is
and neurochords
present.
body,
surrounding
body
nerve
esophageal
situated
are
the
of the
part
also
rhynchodaeum
dorsal
f)
cephalic
situated
available
the
The cellular
connected
into the
ganglionar
anatomical
two
a-c),
and
crossing
one
muscles of the
ganglia (f)
(WIJNHOFF
at
there
ganglia (Figs.
and the
were
flattened
except
the
cells in the brain
originates,
As
brain
in the anterior
vessels
situated.
around
are nerves
the ventral
dorsal cerebral
cells
ducts
excretory
longitudinal
are
organs
Neurochord
wall
cerebral
cerebral canal
of the
the
muscles of
of the
separated
blood
nephridiopores are dorso-laterally
In front of the brain there
blood
is situated
post-cerebral
The
length
253)
is
Dushia atra
level.
—
a,
—
23.
external
muscle
cells.
(Girard),
Fig.
—
cross
proboscis
of
Curaçao.
proboscis.
—
proboscis.
—
l,
proboscis.
external
—
cells.
—
e,
—
of
—
u,
22.
Fig.
Transverse
proboscis.
c,
—
circular
Fig.
24.
muscles
section
blood
internal
slit.
muscles
vessels.
—
i,
—
of
of
r,
internal
proboscis.
—
proboscis.
cells.
n,
rhynchodaeum.
—
v,
pre-cerebral
of median
—
g,
longitudinal
proboscis.
proboscis epithelium.
of
at
Section
flask-shaped epidermic gland
cephalic
longitudinal
p, pre-cerebral
gland
section
epithelium.
horizontal-lateral
h,
intestinal
from
Transverse
—
cutis
t,
gut.
dorsal
gland
muscles
nervous
—
d,
plexus
of
of
erythrophilous
ventral muscle
cross
48
exhibited
in
by
specimens. GIRARD'S single
my
deep water, whereas
my
rich material
was
specimen
was
collected at
dredgea
high-water
line.
The
from
specimen
slits
cephalic
and
features in my
WIJNHOFF
but the
side the musculature of the
body
181)
which
shape
mentions
108-109)
p.
1951a, p.
mouth,
large
specimens too;
(1925,
(COE
West
Key
rather
a
shows
short
with
those
tally
of its
body
connective
is different.
tissue
wall of her two headless
out-
fragments.
The presence of such connective tissue is characteristic of the follow-
ing species.
Corsoua,
new
genus
Heteronemertini with horizontal lateral
caudal
cirrus;
external
tissue;
proboscis
longitudinal
cephalic
pore
muscle
glands
of
layer
the
wall
muscles
ventral muscles between the intestinal diverticles
gut
with lateral
external
the
proboscis;
dorsal
cerebral
Type
two
cerebral
neurochords;
and internal circular;
cerebral
key
horizontal lateral
The
seven
Euborlasia
kristenseni,
new
median
muscle
fibrous
crosses
core
neurochord
connected
with
of
cells
the
in
the
and
dorsal
(1960),
remaining
Vaillant,
organs
genus
and
cells
dorsal
diverticles;
I
species
exclude,
the basis of
on
heteronemertean genera
all
1890,
no
genera
or
and
differ from
comprises
1901,
FRIE-
without
Flaminga Correa,
having
Corsoua
plump,
a
Siolineus
as
follows;
slug-shaped
has
caudal cirrus,
du
Bois-Reymond
separated by connective tissue,
neurochords;
ventral
stout,
besides
neurochords;
1948, has the cutis not
neurochord
new
cephalic slits and all with three-layered proboscis
forms; Micrella Punnett,
median
with
dorso-
present;
present;
layers of muscles:
two
vessels;
closely
organs
Corsoua
To differentiate the
Marcus,
bifurcated;
by connective
ganglia.
of the
genus:
lateral
blood
pre-cerebral
ganglia
DRICH'S modern
wall.
with two
diverticles; proboscis
longitudinal
a
the
from
separated
body
diagonal
present;
cephalic slits; without
cutis
terminal;
Pussylineus
cephalic
slits
1958, with
a
and
Correa,
1956,
without
caudal cirrus,
no
with
intestinal
cutis
not
49
separated from the longitudinal muscles of the body wall,
muscle cross;
one
connective
nella
and
layer,
Friedrich,
of median
short intestinal
a
Piscadera
CURASAO :
intertidal
region;
Three
I
and the
The
color
part
is
uniformly
behind
with the
cross
The
outer
and sticks
thick
layer
intestinal
of
the
black
diverticles,
wall.
The
were
gut
slits
layer
the circular
of
The
the
in
muddy
mangrove
of the
part
director
of
body (10
the
"Cara'ibisch
plate
The
cells
The
pore
cephalic
a
25,
(Fig.
lateral
is
(p)
is
lobe.
a
The
situated
m),
cephalic
terminal
a
width.
flattened. There
in
mouth
horizontal
cephalic
as
(g),
provided,
of the
slits
(h)
and forms
slit,
there is
a
also
present
longitudinal
muscles
are
Dorso-ventral
muscles
diagonal muscles (o)
and
wall
fibers,
esophagus,
layer
of the
deep
pore
blood
a
wall
circular
body
is
is
by
between
are
a
the
muscles
there
(b)
dorso-
vessels. In front of
pre-cerebral
nerves
posteriorly.
glandular epithelium
fibers
are
is low
is
musculature
entwined
the
and
of
a
of muscles
circular
of this
at
situated
composed
layer
wall. The
in the meshes
forms
slits,
wall
underlain
is circular.
diverticles.
(Fig. 25, p)
rhynchocoel
and
each
expelled
of the
body
present
them lie
splanchnic
in their
sub-epithelial
outside the circular
among
The
of
often
at the level
are
and lateral
whose
glands (Fig. 27, f).
that is
esophageal regions
and
at least
body (Fig. 27, e),
of secretion
epidermis
which
slits is
in the rest
acidophil drop
(i).
the
by
of
and its
run
in maximum
mm
do not attain the level of the brain
of the
rhynchocoel
and 5
posterior is
which results
rhynchodaeum epithelium
The
muscles
of the central
anterior
length
proboscis
rhynchocoel
the
muscles,
esophageal level,
body
as
has several
recognizable.
tudinal
The
post-cerebral
proboscis
(h).
25-27
Figs.
number CI.
and the
markings.
any
net of transverse
followed
terminal
cephalic
the
the
between
a
in
and trunk
external
tissue
well
as
In
sub-epitheliallayer
The median
cm
Underneath the
gland cells
cephalic glands which
a
20
is small.
brilliant
of connective
The mouth is
by
region
slits.
from the thick
muscles
of the
KRISTENSEN,
cylindrical
without
a
cilia.
the brain there is
and
is
posteriorly.
The cutis
body
ventral
measured
between head
contains
separated
are
INGVAR
flask-shaped gland
to the
(s).
under rocks
under
part,
of the horizontal lateral
with
of which cells
muscles
Dr.
body
cephalic
epidermis
part,
sections
not sectioned
worm
reach the constriction
a
the
1962.
transverse
cephalic constriction,
the
species
new
Baai, Spaanse Water,
for
of the
constriction
shallow
in
Instituut".
longest living
anterior
12
species
Marien-Biologisch
The
present; Micruri-
zone.
posterior,
the
name
of
set
kristenseni,
January-June
worms;
One
Type:
only
gut.
Corsoua
slides),
is
caecum
without dorso-ventral muscles
1960,
and
1958, has the cutis without
Lineopsis Friedrich,
flat
layer
is
network.
The
very
the
In the
of the
but
epithelium,
which
diagonally;
rhynchocoelic pouches.
junction
glandular,
forms
thick
no
a
two
cilia
longi-
crosses
with
ventrally
at
longitudinalfibers
posterior part
proboscis
wall is
of the
composed
Corsoua
kristenseni,
view
preserved
of
Transverse
muscles of
cross
of
section
body
new
worm.
of
wall.
proboscis.
—
e,
genus,
—
body
—
c,
Fig.
wall.
species,
new
26.
—
from
Transverse
a,
external
external circular
Curaçao.
section
of
proboscis
muscles
flask-shaped epidermic gland
of
—
epithelium.
proboscis.
cells.
—
Fig.
proboscis.
—
d,
25.
—
—
Anterior
Fig.
b,
dorsal
27.
circular
muscle
f, esophageal epithelium.
51
of
external
an
and
high
and the flat internal
(1),
the
by
circular
septum is
There
layer
muscles
epithelium (u).
are
dorsally
and
anteriorly by
pre-cerebral
ventrally..
and
commissure,
arise metameric
a
pair
is
cellular
ganglionar layer
bifurcated
wall
by
the ventral
slits.
which she
several
esophageal
the
into
formed
crosses are
The
cells
are
p.
times in
the
core
and
proboscis
organs
and
sides
dorsal
dorsal
ventral
are
nerves
cerebral
The
core.
closely
muscles
connected
into the
neurochords
than
cerebral
longitudinal
opens
rhyn-
present.
dorsal
of the
the
cerebral canal
brain,
thin
the
post-cerebral
the
on
larger
a
from
large cerebral
of
From the
present.
fibrous
dorsal
vessel is
thicker
from
separated
in the
cephalic
present
are
in
absent.
are
108-109) mentions connective tissue out-side
the
body wall of her
(with
doubt)
offer
a
two
as
of
locality
specimens of
fragments,
I
to
collected
WIJNHOFF'S
As
ater.
similar
biotope
headless
Cerebratulus ater.
the
Spanish Water,
not
are
The
ganglia. The
numerous
Eyes
classified
does
nerves,
wall.
of the brain is not
of the dorsal
and
sides
and two main
rhynchocoel
originating
small
a
A
the
on
commissure,
numerous
nerve
body
but did not find
any
bay
more
of
musculature of
this
a
longitudinal muscles
muscle
strong
plexus (n),
nervous
longitudinal layer.
situated
vessels,
dorsal
dorsal
distally
cords.
nerve
a
A
WIJNHOFF (1925,
mens,
the
a
of internal
layer
Two rather
connective tissue. The
core
Neurochord
the lateral
the
thicker
rhynchocoel.
nerves,
for
nerves
ganglia
body
of the
the sides
on
blood
pre-cerebral
two
situated
of the
a
closed.
are
There
with
(c),
(d, v) passing through
chodaeum and united
ones
glandular epithelium (Fig. 26, a),
of external circular
layer
far
the
as
I
ones
speci-
could see,
where
ater
occurs.
The two
new
genera,
Dushia and Corsoua,
differ in the
following
characteristics:
—
—
g, cutis
l,
gland
internal
proboscis.
—
longitudinal
internal
ventral
o,
anterior
cross
muscles
of
of
—
Fig.
of
of
cephalic
proboscis.
body
—
body
s,
—
wall.
slit.
—
—
u,
i,
connective
—
n,
p, proboscis
sub-epithelial
wall.
—
mouth.
m,
pore.
muscles
internal
tissue
nervous
of
—
of
external
r,
body
layer.
plexus
wall.
proboscis epithelium.
—
—
t,
v,
proboscis.
new
29.
furrow.
p, posterior
of
wall.
body
muscles
herthae,
cephalic
—
horizontal-lateral
h,
diagonal
muscles
muscle
worm.
furrow.
—
longitudinal
Tetrastemma
living
cells.
longitudinal muscles
species,
Total,
—
eyes.
l,
from
dorsal
Curaçao.
view of
longitudinal
—
Fig.
living
band
of
28.
worm.
glands.
Antero-dorsal
—
—
a,
o,
anterior
view
eyes.
—
of
c,
posterior cephalic
52
Dushia
connective
tissue
between
muscles
longitudinal
of
and
cutis
body
wall
cephalic glands
diagonal
proboscis
layers
muscles
of muscles
in
p.
2-4,
blood
1892,
pi.
1951a, p.
1
vessels
400, pi.
p.
fig.
Several
Bay
of
33
virescens
—
The
Piscadera
worms;
Fundy
white
Intertidal
living
side of
the
1961,
Baai,
southern
(new).
fig.
1951,
1943,
p.
than two
(Verrill,
two
1879)
MONTGOMERY
270-273, fig. 63-64;
p.
1951,
1897,
p.
329;
25-28.
intertidal
algae;
among
zone.
1962.
January-June
to
terminal
two
Amphiporus virescens;
as
COE
Florida
From
worms
attain 3
and
and
on
British
rows,
green.
and
a
cm
in
There
single
Gulf Coast
the
to
Columbia
at least
Mexico
on
far
as
as
the Pacific
row
The
length.
of
color varies
pre-cerebral eyes
are
post-cerebral
eyes,
from
disposed
each
on
body.
Amphiporus
COE
present
zone.
yellow
to
irregular
in
fig. 4a-e,
16a-e; CORR£A
Pensacola, Fla.; Curasao
coast.
present
absent
more
14-15, 23-24, 28;
170, fig.
CURASAO:
From
present
absent
three
proboscis
Zygonemertes
VERRILL
absent
sub-terminal
pore
pre-cerebral
Corsoua
external
329,
p.
fig.
1;
1951a,
texanus
173-174, fig.
p.
Coe,
1951
19a-b;
CORR&A
1961,
p.
35-37,
30-31.
CURASAO:
Several
living
uniformly
among
worms
brown.
1954,
p.
Several
Coast of Sao
54-59, pi.
Piscadera
worms;
zone.
a
to
frontal
8
cm
row
in
of
Intertidal
—
The color
length.
eyes
zone
situated
on
is
the
pigment.
Prostomatella
CURASAO:
intertidal
Miami, Fla.; Cura9ao (new).
measured up
There is
borders of the brown
CORRAA
algae;
1962.
January-June
Texas; Virginia Key,
Port Aransas,
The
Baai,
Piscadera
worms;
11
enteroplecta
fig. 57-61, pi.
Baai,
among
January-June
12
Corrêa,
fig. 62;
algae,
1961,
intertidal
p.
1954
37-38
zone.
1962.
Paulo, Brazil; Virginia Key, Miami, Fla.; Curasao (new).
-
Intertidal
zone.
53
The
living
whitish
brown
measured up to 3
worms
light yellow. There
or
Tetrastemma
Piscadera
CURASAO:
coralline
Several
I have
The
0.3
named the
in
and
mature
worms
width.
than
narrower
hind
bear
a
end.
darker
owing
deep
brown
brown
stripes,
there
in size,
shape
of the lateral
the lateral
are
furrows.
The
forwards,
of
but
the
Along
appear
as
reflected
long
zones on both
they
The
body
a
The
a
gut
and
and
has
cerebral
is
to the
1933,
p.
of
continuous,
from which
towards
Both
ends
sometimes
scattered
is
pigment.
are
brown
to
directed
to consist of
by
pipette
ground
are
coiling
worms
in
antero-lateral
pouches,
ganglia anteriorly,
and
have
a
one
(o)
They
eyes.
over
are
some-
them.
anterior
the
cells.
the
plate
to
spiral
live in
which
lateral
rather
of
of the
of this
they
curved
is
under
whitish,
an
ovaries
or
1)
In
brownish
as
a
On
caudal
substratum when
They
also
characteristics of
bay,
which
brownish.
It acts
be removed.
open
eyes
also black.
microscope.
Opaque
to the
The
cephalic
(Fig. 28,
the
body.
are
are
cephalic
deep, slightly
of cells
groups
the rest
means
when
and
The
on
and
ends,
roundish and
are
light-brownish
The testes
higher than
the
posterior
of
almost
situated
spots,
reach
two transverse
pairs
lateral
antero-laterally. The posterior
dark
a
spots, irregular
are
front
The
pigment.
On the outer side
body.
pigment lying
in
several
on
brown
of
they
of brown
always
two
slip
cover
the two
of brown
The
as rows
appear
and
between
broad, distinct,
closely
are
but
of
net
line,
There
rocky region constantly agitated by
two
spatulate
tapers
rounded.
slide
of the
do not
spots.
There
cups
there
185).
is
yellowish white,
Between
both ends
rows
situated
plate
and
length
end
constriction
a
longitudinalrows
owing
gonads.
Caudal
not
irregular
an
reach
white band
the
in
mm
blackish
or
dorso-median
two
attach themselves
spiral.
(REMANE
sandy
dorsal
worms
in
are
or
posterior cephalic furrow,
seen
10
anterior
slightly
white
longitudinal row
worms,
epidermis
touched,
are
animals
sides
end the
are
is
or
to brownish
are
of
the
complete.
zone,
opaque
C2.
last third, and then
complete dorsally.
pigment
dorso-median
a
milky
(Fig. 28, c)
28—29, a),
their black
light they
the hind
in
gliding
(Figs.
eyes
also
there
pointed
together.
They
and
situated in front of the
plate.
they
On
one
furrow
ciliated
in
or
small number
a
with
longitudinal stripes strongly conspicuous through
of the body. These
anterior
strongly
have
there is
stripes
borders
indistinct
furrow,
(p),
color is
(sometimes)
one or
head
to
up
the
gliding
to the
either
composed
the ends.
and distribution.
shallow, indistinct,
anterior
be
the
contents
two lateral
to
at
join
generally composed
what
is
color. Sometimes
themselves
do not
stripes
the
Behind
irregular spots placed closely
showed
on
are
Jania) together
under number
measured
normal
backwards
ground
to the intestinal
On the back there
their
The
28-29
Figs.
1962.
(Figs. 28-29)
posterior tip
few tactile cilia.
and
(Padina
mature female,
a
the trunk.
The
species.
new
zone.
During
body enlarges successively
the
band of
a
for Miss HERTHA CAPRILES.
species
maximum
living,
mm
the
large specimen,
algae
among
and
eyes
eyes.
herthae,
January-June
worms;
One
Type:
Baai,
intertidal
sand;
length. The color is
pairs of
two
are
between the anterior
pigment
in
cm
at
coil
haptic
high-water level,
the surf.
reach
the
unbranched
posterior
level
diverticles.
of
These
the
are
54
deeper
the
and
and
lined
of
end
the
The
stylet
is shorter than
band
of
and ventral
A
posteriorly
is
present
The
gonads
T.
to
the
second,
at the
are
tip
T.
T.
1957,
presence
T.
3
the
have
no
stripes
of
species
One
of
the
T.
stripes
too.
stripe,
which is
The four
stripes
species
with
species,
it has
Key
1.
-
for
With
T.
rows
These
The
two
one,
Brazilian
narrow
species,
and
piolinum
T.
In
T.
no
longitudinal
1774),
the
only
T.
but,
rows
besides
longitudinal stripes
longitudinal stripes
species
pair
of
species.
longitudinal
and
a
in
from all
one
nanum
being
the
occur
dorso-median
blackish
basinum
in the
longitudinal
lacks
one
1957,
besides
Caribbean
but
type
Correa,
1958,
spots
Te-
Brazi-
seven
worki, differs
or
cells.
of
species
first and broad in the second
primum,
stripes;
ciliated
true, also
cincum,
have two brown
T.
lilianae,
is the
much
only
smaller
of brown spots.
the Caribbean and Brazilian
Without
is
one;
organ
collection. The
Correa,
much broader than in herthae. T.
narrow
the
sense
T. basinum
older
T. turdum have
in the
the main
diverticles.
Tetrastemma in the presence of
T.
antero-
cerebral
large
a
A frontal
in
brown
it
a
cephalic
piolinum Correa,
stripes,
second
to
behind
lined with
1957,
of
situated
anterior
from the
lilianae
is
the two
of
divided into dorsal
Caribbean
Correa,
smooth
the base there
the
ganglia.
T.
1954,
of
stages
central
in each
and
leads
developed
two
mentioned. The
all.
stripes.
are
and
present
1961, and
1957 and
remaining species
dorso-lateral
the
at
into
with the intestinal
Correa,
stripes.
species
be
short
and
in the
chamber is the narrowest
protractile pit
the other
longitudinal
4
stylets
sacculiform
cerebral
well
were
T. turdum
1957,
to
of
small
broad
seen
Around
posterior
to
It almost reaches
is
1831, T. candidum (Miiller,
Correa,
brown
some
known
from
primum
cincum
of
a
base.
ciliated
seems
of the ventral
sexes
easily
accessory
large,
long, strongly
It is
is
dorso-laterally
T. worki Correa,
Correa,
longitudinal
are
open
chamber
Both
Ehrenberg,
species,
is
chamber
large and distinctly
brain is
laterally, alternating
herthae differs
nanum
eyes.
canal
and broad.
quadrangular. The
strong
bulbar and the
They
the level
of the genus, and
lian
brain.
is
three
cerebral organs
of the head.
situated
and
long
which
epithelium
two to
are
is
proboscis
armed chamber
chamber is
dioecious.
are
trastemma
anterior
pear-shaped
accessory
it reaches
worms
villous
There
ganglia. The
Their cerebral
chamber.
rhynchocoel
The
all the chambers. The
close
laterally
furrow.
the
glands.
The muscular
longest of
and
a
diaphragmor
broad
pouches.
body.
externally by
protraction.
The
in males.
narrower
posterior
species
of Tetrastemma.
2
8
55
2.
-
3.
One dorso-median
Two dorso-lateral
Dorso-median
longitudinal stripe
3
longitudinal stripes
4
longitudinal stripe
narrow
longitudinal stripe
broad
T.
-
4.
-
Dorso-median
Two dorso-lateral
Besides
the
longitudinal
5.
Two
dorso-lateral
of
brown
dorso-lateral
narrow
1957
1957
longitudinal stripes only
two
rows
piolinum Correa,
T. turdum Correa,
5
longitudinal
T.
spots
.
6.
-
7.
Two broad dorso-lateral
One
cephalic plate
Two
cephalic plates
Central
8.
-
9.
Central
One
stylet
of
pair
Two
Base
pairs
Base
T.
lilianae Correa,
same
length
shorter than base
primum Correa, 1954
T. basinum
T.
eyes
worki
Correa,
Correa,
Several
Virginia Key,
Intertidal
The
milky
1961
9
length
of the
body up
length
of the
body
Tetrastemma worki
p.
1957
of eyes
pear-shaped;
1961,
1958
7
much
cylindrical;
CURA5A0:
1957
6
to 8
mm
up to 20
40-42, fig.
32-34.
Piscadera
Baai,
worms;
Key
among
January-June
Biscayne, Miami,
algae;
Corrêa,
intertidal
Correa,
1957
mm
T. candidum
CORR£A
species
Correa,
nanum
T. cincum
-
new
are
longitudinal stripes
T.
-
there
longitudinal stripes
and base about the
stylet
herthae,
.
T.
-
stripes
(Muller,
1774)
1961
zone.
1962.
Fla.;
Key
Curasao
(new).
uniform
color
Largo, Fla.;
—
zone.
living
white
worms
or
attain 2
yellowish
cm
in
length.
white. There is
only
The
one
pair
of eyes.
is
56
REFERENCES
BORGER,
151
COE,
OTTO,
WESLEY
1951.
Gulf
—
The
1951a.
CORR£A,
—
—
DIVA
DINIZ,
S.
1956.
Estudo
1,
p.
FRIEDRICH,
Wiss.)
xvii +
20,
41,
of
Coast of the
Northern
p. 328-331.
Gulf of Mexico
do litoral
and
of Southern
Florida.
do litoral brasileiro
brasileiro.
Bol. Fac.
Fil. Ci.
Letr.
1-14.
mediterraneos
(Palaeo
e
Heteronemertini).
An.
1-6.
195-214, pi.
p.
of the
Coast
1-4.
149—186.
p.
1-90, pi.
19, p.
10,
of the Atlantic
129-328, pi.
35, p.
(VI).
An. Acad. Brasil. Ci. 29,
2,
p. 251—271
1960.
Inst.
do litoral
from
der
MONTGOMERY,
der
T.
species.
iiber die
1897.
H.,
Bijdr.
An. Acad. Brasil.
Ci.
Islands.
Bull.
29,
Mar. Sci.
3,
p.
441-
Gull
Carib.
Trans.
E.,
1892.
Conn.
GERARDA
The marine
1925.
of
new
p.
1—14, pi.
und
p.
und
Oekologie
293—375.
zur
KlassiVer.
Metanemerteans,
Organisation
(Kiel)
Meeresunters.
STIASNY,
Dierk. Amsterdam
1831
3,
vorlaufigem
1,
10,
Acad. Arts Sci.
Ehrenberg
4,
48—62.
7, p.
und
Naturgesch. (N.F.)
Micrura
nebst
Descriptions
Verteilung
Wiss.
Morphologie, Systematik
Arch.
Gattung
Jahrb. (Sysl.)
1933.
ADDISON
WIJNHOFF,
Virgin
zur
Bucht.
Bremerhaven
Zool.
ADOLF,
waters.
and
Studien
Kieler
Heteronemertinen
Kieler Bucht.
VERRILL,
Florida
1935.
HERMANN,
Meeresforsch.
REMANE,
(VII).
1—44.
Bemerkungen
other
brasileiro
1-4.
Nemertinen
fikation
der
Akad.
1-6.
1961.Nemerteans
der
of the
3,
Nemertinos
28, 2,
1958. Nemertinos
11,
—
de
Ci.
1,
Nemertinos
1954.
Paulo, Zoologia
Sci.
of the Nemerteans
Faunas
Carib.
Gulf
1957. Nemertinos
455, pi.
—
(Preuss.
of the Nemerteans
Wash. Acad. Sci.
J.
Nemertean
Sci.
Univ.
pi.
Tierreich
Acad. Arts
distribution
...
Mar.
Acad. Brasil.
—
Das
Biology
Conn.
Trans.
Geographical
of Mexico
Bull.
1943.
ROSWELL,
North America.
—
Nemertini.
1904.
pp.
21,
Nemerteans
8,
On
24, p. 97-120,
p.
a
der benthonischen
p.
5-8.
notes
on
Mikrofauna
161—221.
of New
382-456, pi.
collection
pi.
with
1.
England
and
adjacent
33-39.
of Nemerteans
from
Cura5ao.