300s BiochemicalScctety Transactions (1995) 23
Study of phospholipids in mucilage (Gum) of
sunflower,
rapeseed and soja: Analytical
approach.
ADJABI A.,BELATTAR
N., AMAN1
showed that all studied samples contained an
important amount of p h o s p h a t i d y l e t h a n u l a m i n .
However,
phosphatidylserin
was
not
identif led in these samples
H. and ROUABED 8,
Dept. of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology,
University of Setif 19000 Algeria
Oleaginous
plants
(Soja,
sunflower,
rapeseed . . . )
were an important source or
phospholipids
(PL) (Lecithins).
It is well
known that lecithin ic obtained f r o m crude
oil of the seeds of these plants, i n the
first ref lning Etep. The degummllig p r o c e s s
consists to facilate the refining process by
elimination the lecithin from crude oil ~y
adding
1 to
3% of
water at elevated
temperature
( 7 0 - 8 0 P ) . Under these coiniiitiorrc
phospholipids and glycolipids were hydrated,
swelled and became iiisoluljle in the o i l and
precipitated [1,2].
Phospholipidc play an impurtant role I n
different
fields
among
them
in
food
technologic
process
as
wetting
and
dispersing
agent in
instant
food,
as
emulsifier i n baked goods, margarine
[3,4]
and
parenteral nutrition, as nutritional
supplement and softening agent and carrier
in pharmaceuticals [5] , as foam stabilizer
and
emollient and
refatting
agent
in
cosmetics [6]. Furthermore, it is now clear
that phospholipids are an important role i n
the coagulation of the blood, particularly
phosphatidylser in [7]. They participate to
catalyze
rapid proteolytic conversion of
prothrombin
to thrombin
in presence of
factor Xa, factor Va and Ca++ in cascade of
cuilgulation [El]
Phospholipids provide surface on which
c ompo ne n ts a nJ p r o t h r omt 1 h
p r 0 t h r 0m b i na se
substrate are bound through Ca"
bridges
L es i dues
i nvo 1 v i ng
gamma car box yg 1 utamy 1
[9].
In absence
of phospholipids, this
reaction is much slower [ 101.
In O U K country, the by-products of oil
mill,
specially the
mucilage
(Lecithin
sludge) which highly rich in phospholipids,
ace
annually discharged
without to
be
enhanced.
these discharges can be harmful
for ecological equilibrum
(Land, submsrine
fauna and flura).In this context and through
this research, we are fixed on many p u r p o s e s
to near the recovery cephalin (lecithin)
stemming
from the mucilage in sight to
experiment a test of hemostasis such the
activated partial prothrombin tinre (APTT).
The biological material used in this
study
is
composed of ~ ~ u c i l a g eof soja,
sunflower and rapeseed recovered from ENCG
of Bejaia and Annaba.
Phospholipids were
extracted
from these mucilages by using
aceton
(PL are insoluble in this solvent)
which allows to separate from oil in first
step, recovered and retaked by hexan to
solubilise them in the second step. The PL
f ractions ( P h o s p h a t i d y l e t h a n o l a m i n , PE and
phosphatidylserin, PS) were identified by
thin layer chromatography (TLC) according to
the method reported by Christie [ll].
To
confirm the composition, the samples were
analysed by the infrared spectrophotometry
method, after their isolation by preparative
thin layer chromatography
(PLC) under the
same conditions of TLC.
Results
of thin layer chromatography
analysis (Fig. 1 )
a
b
c
d
e
e
d
c
Fig.
1
Thin
layer
chromatography
of
different mucilage on layers of silica gel G
60
and
with
chlorOforK~/H~ethallOl/Wdter
(65/25/4) (V/V).
a and b: Standard of PE and PS respectively
C : Mucilage of Soya (at different volume)
d: Mucilage
of
rapeseed
(at
different
vo 1 ume )
e: Mucilage
of sunflower
(at
different
Vo 1 U N i e )
Our results are in agreement with the
[12] w h o
found that
work
reviewed by
was
a
major
pho sph a t i d y 1 e tha no 1 am 1 n
component of sunflower seed, rapeseed and
soybean
lecithin.
On
the
contrary,
phosphatidylserln was identif led in minor
quantities in soybean lecithin and was not
detectable in sunflower seed and rapeseed.
Infrared spectrophotometry analysis of the
same samples, confirm the above findings.
1. Frankel, E.M. (1980) PKOg. Lip. Res. 19,l
2. Daun, J.K.,
Davidson, L.K., Blake, J.A. 6
Yuen, W. (1981) J . Am. 0il.Chem.Soc.
58,
914.
3.
Dashiell, G.L.
(1989) in
Lecithins:
Sources, Manufacture and Usee
(Szuha]
B.F.,
Ed. AOCS monograph
12), pp 2132 2 4 Champaign, IL, U S A .
4 . Schnelder, M. (1989) I.A.A.
735-737.
5 . Schneider,
M.
(1984)
I? h a r ma
International 2.
9.
6. Baker C. (1989) in
Lecithins: Sources,
Manufacture and Uses
(Szuhaj B.F Ed.,
AOCS monograph 12), pp 253-260 Champaign,
IL, USA.
7. Krishnashwamy,
S.,
Field,
K.A.,
Edgington,
T.S.,
M~t-rlEEey, J.H.
6
Mann, K.G. (1992)
J . Bio.
Chem., 2 6 7
(36), 26110-26120
8. Nemerson, Y. (1988) Blood 71, 1-8
9. Samama,
M.
(1990)
Physiologie
et
exploration de
l'hemostase
(Doin ed.)
Paris 233
10.Nesheim,
M.E.,
Hibbard, L.S.,
Traccy,
P.B.,
Bloom, J.M.,
Mirmel, K.H.
6 Maun,
K.J.
(1980)
in
the
regulation
of
coagulation
(Mann, K.G. and Taylor
F.B
Ed.)
pp 145-155, Elsevier North Holland
Am s t e r dam
11 Christie, W.W.
(1985) Z. Lebensm Unters
Forsch, 181, 1 7 1 - 1 8 2
12 Chery, J . P .
6 Kramer,
W.H. (
1989) in
Lecithins: Sources, Manufacture and U e r e
(Szuhaj
B.F.
Ed., AOCS
monograph
12)
pp 16-31 Champaign, IL,
USA.
.