UNIVERSIDAD DE ESPECIALIDADES
TURÍSTICAS
UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN
PERIODO 31
Hidden Treasures of Ecuador
CHIMBORAZO AND TUNGURAHUA
PROVINCE
Autora:
YAMILETH GÓMEZ B.
Tutora:
SYLVIA HERRERA
Quito – Ecuador
2014
DEDICATORIA
La concepción de este trabajo de investigación, está dedicado
principalmente a Dios, y a mi familia. A Dios por ser mi fuerza,
por cuidarme en cada paso que di e iluminar mi camino. A mis
padres por apoyarme y guiarme para poder llegar a cumplir este
tan importante objetivo. A mi hermana por ser mi impulso para
seguir adelante. Y a mi abuelita que ha sido mi ejemplo de mujer
luchadora.
Con amor y admiración
Yamileth Gómez B.
AGRADECIMIENTO
Los resultados de esta investigación merecen un profundo
agradecimiento a todas las personas que me colaboraron con
la realización de la misma, quienes con su ayuda me alentaron
para llegar a la meta. Mi agradecimiento va dirigido a mis
padres, quienes fueron mi apoyo desde el inicio de mi carrera.
A mis profesores quienes con su experiencia y sabiduría me
instruyeron y creyeron en mi capacidad para lograr mi objetivo.
Así como también a las personas que fueron mis contactos en
los lugares a los cuales visitamos alrededor del Ecuador.
Con cariño, agradecimiento y respeto
Yamileth Gómez B.
INDEX
Contents
OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................... 1
OVERALL OBJECTIVE............................................................................................. 1
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES............................................................................................ 1
ITINERARY...................................................................................................................... 2
ECUADOR ........................................................................................................................ 4
EDUCATION IN ECUADOR ......................................................................................... 7
HEALTH IN ECUADOR................................................................................................. 8
PICHINCHA PROVINCE ............................................................................................... 8
QUITO ............................................................................................................................... 9
GUAGUA PICHINCHA VOLCANO ........................................................................... 10
RUCU PICHINCHA VOLCANO ................................................................................. 11
ATACAZO VOLCANO ................................................................................................. 12
PASOCHOA VOLCANO .............................................................................................. 12
VOLCANOS.................................................................................................................... 13
PROTECTED AREAS (SNAP) ..................................................................................... 14
CORAZÓN VOLCANO................................................................................................. 15
SIMON BOLIVAR AVENUE ....................................................................................... 15
TREATMENT PLANT EL TROJE.............................................................................. 16
CIUDAD JARDÍN .......................................................................................................... 17
PARQUE METROPOLITANO DEL SUR .................................................................. 17
TAMBILLO..................................................................................................................... 17
The Incas...................................................................................................................... 18
UNIDAD DE EQUITACIÓN Y REMONTA (NATIONAL POLICE)...................... 18
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR POLICE JOSE EMILIO CASTILLO SOLÍS............. 19
ALOAG............................................................................................................................ 19
OIL IN ECUADOR......................................................................................................... 20
TENARIS COMPANY................................................................................................... 21
CORDILLERA DE LOS ANDES ................................................................................. 21
FRENCH GEODESIC MISSION ................................................................................. 22
ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT............................................................................... 23
EDWARD WHYMPER.................................................................................................. 23
SINCHOLAGUA VOLCANO....................................................................................... 24
ANTISANA VOLCANO ................................................................................................ 24
RUMIÑAHUI VOLCANO............................................................................................. 25
THE ILLINIZAS ............................................................................................................ 26
FABRICA ARCA – COCA COLA................................................................................ 27
MACHACHI ................................................................................................................... 27
ALOASÍ ........................................................................................................................... 29
GREEN HOUSES ........................................................................................................... 29
JAMBELI BRIDGE........................................................................................................ 31
COTOPAXI PROVINCE............................................................................................... 31
EUCALYPTUS ............................................................................................................... 32
PINE................................................................................................................................. 33
NATIONAL RECREATION AREA EL BOLICHE................................................... 33
COTOPAXI NATIONAL PARK AND VOLCANO ................................................... 34
CLIRSEN......................................................................................................................... 35
PANAVIAL ..................................................................................................................... 36
THE TRAIN .................................................................................................................... 37
LASSO ............................................................................................................................. 39
NOVACERO ................................................................................................................... 41
COTOPAXI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT .............................................................. 41
LATACUNGA................................................................................................................. 42
SALCEDO ....................................................................................................................... 44
PANZALEO .................................................................................................................... 46
YAMBO LAGGON ........................................................................................................ 46
TUNGURAHUA PROVINCE ....................................................................................... 47
TUNGURAHUA VOLCANO ........................................................................................ 48
PILLARO ........................................................................................................................ 49
AMBATO ........................................................................................................................ 50
MOCHA........................................................................................................................... 54
LIDIA BULLS................................................................................................................. 55
CHIMBORAZO PROVINCE........................................................................................ 56
URBINA........................................................................................................................... 57
CHIMBORAZO WILDLIFE RESERVE..................................................................... 60
CARIHUAIRAZO VOLCANO ..................................................................................... 61
CHIMBORAZO VOLCANO ........................................................................................ 61
RIOBAMBA .................................................................................................................... 63
CALPI .............................................................................................................................. 67
COLTA ............................................................................................................................ 67
MUSIC ............................................................................................................................. 69
INDIGENOUS MUSIC .............................................................................................. 70
NATIVE MUSIC RHYTHMS ....................................................................................... 71
NATIVE MUSIC INSTRUMENTS .............................................................................. 72
SAN JUAN....................................................................................................................... 73
GUANO............................................................................................................................ 74
MUSIC BANDS............................................................................................................... 78
HARMONY BANDS .................................................................................................. 78
TUNGURAHUA PROVINCE ....................................................................................... 79
Indigenous communities in Tungurahua .................................................................. 80
TISALEO......................................................................................................................... 82
PINLLO ........................................................................................................................... 83
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 85
RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................................ 85
ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................... 86
ALTERNATIVE ROUTES........................................................................................ 87
NOT CHOSEN ITINERARY “B”......................................................................... 87
NOT CHOSEN ITINERARY “C” ........................................................................ 89
MY COMPANY LOGO ............................................................................................. 91
MY LETTER FOR TOURISTS ................................................................................ 92
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 93
INTERNET SOURCES.............................................................................................. 93
OBJECTIVES
OVERALL OBJECTIVE

Perform a tourist route of the own music of the Ecuadorian Andes,
contacting those responsible for promoting it in the provinces of
Chimborazo and Tungurahua, to make this an intangible tourist attraction.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

Create an alternate route within the cultural tourism of Ecuador.

Help to promote Ecuadorian music around the country and internationally.

Meet hidden places of the country, offering a range of culture and
knowledge.
1
ITINERARY
DAY 1
5:00 am
Quito output
7:15 am
Breakfast in Latacunga
7:55 am
Transfer to Urbina
9:30 am
Arrive to Urbina. Visit the shelter of climbers and Ice
Museum
11:00 am
Tranfer to Colta
12:00 pm
Arrive to Colta. Visit the music workshop with indigenous
instruments and traditional dance of the area by Mr. Martin
Malan
12:30 pm
Transfer to San Juan
13:00 pm
Arrive to San Juan. Typical indigenous lunch. Presentation
of Musical Group Ensamble Andino
15:30 pm
Transfer to Guano
16:15 pm
Arrive to Guano. Visit the carpet workshops
16:45 pm
Tranfer to Montecarlo Hotel in Riobamba
17:00 pm
Arrive to the hotel
18:00 pm
Transfer to the Center of the city
18:15 pm
Meet with Coronado Bonilla Duo
19:30 pm
Transfer to the hotel for dinner
20:00 pm
Dinner
21:00 pm
Briefing and rest
DAY 2
8:00 am
Breakfast
8:45 am
Transfer to Quinchicoto
9:45 am
Arrive to Quinchicoto. Tasting ice cream and explanation
thereof
10:15 am
Transfer to Tisaleo
2
10:30 am
Arrive to Tisaleo. Visit the guitar workshop of Mr. Julio
Ramirez.
10:45 am
Transfer to Salasaca
11:15 pm
Arrive to Salasaca. Visit Llikakama workshop
11:30 pm
Transfer to Pinllo
12:00 pm
Arrive to Pinllo. Lunch
3
ECUADOR
The Republic of Ecuador is located in the northwestern part of Latin
America at the equator. It is divided into continental and insular, or better known
as Galapagos. Because the continental Ecuador is crossed by the Andes Mountains,
has three natural regions: Coast, Andean, and Amazon; each of these regions have
their own characteristics with respect to fauna, flora, climate and altitude, therefore
customs and traditions as well as the typical food becomes different in these three
parts of the country.
Ecuador takes its name from the nineteenth century, as a French group
belonging to the French Geodesic Mission arrived in Quito to measure the arc of
the meridian and know for sure the shape of the earth. The group was formed by
Charles Marie de la Condamine, Louis Godin, Pierre Bouguer, Joseph Jussieu,
Seniergues Juan, Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa and Pedro Vicente Maldonado.
The capital city is Quito. Ecuador has an area of 256,370 km2. It has a
population of 15.74 million.
The Andes is split into two branches, the Western Range and the Eastern
Range, which depart from the knot of Pasto in the north and Loja in the south; and
a third branch that is the Suboriental Range.
Ecuador is divided into 24 provinces, which are themselves divided into
cantons and parishes, these in turn are divided into urban and rural parishes.
The provinces in the Coast are:
•
Esmeraldas
•
Manabí
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•
Los Ríos
•
Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas
•
Guayas
•
Santa Elena
•
El Oro
The Andean provinces are:
•
Carchi
•
Imbabura
•
Pichincha
•
Cotopaxi
•
Tungurahua
•
Chimborazo
•
Bolívar
•
Cañar
•
Azuay
•
Loja
The provinces in the Amazon are:
•
Sucumbíos
•
Orellana
•
Napo
•
Pastaza
•
Morona Santiago
5
•
Zamora Chinchipe
In the Insular region the unique province is Galapagos.
Ecuador's economic situation has changed since the dollar replaced the
Sucre in 2000 being 25,000 sucres $ 1. This situation prompted some banks to fail
and many people lost their money. It created confusion in the management of the
money, so we created coins with our Ecuadorian characters.
The current president is Rafael Correa, since 2007. Since that time the
economy has changed because he decided to abolish the FTAs, as it affects
agriculture and other work areas.
Ecuador is a plurinational independent state with constitutional rights,
democracy, sovereign, unitary, and intercultural. The functions of the Ecuadorian
State are:

Executive: who represents the President of the Republic

Legislative: composes the National Assembly

Judicial: represented by the National Court of Justice

Election: represented by the National Electoral Council and the
Electoral Tribunal

Transparency and Social Control: represented by the Council of
Citizen Participation and Social Control.
6
EDUCATION IN ECUADOR
Education in Ecuador is regulated by the Ministry of Education. It is divided
in: state education, fiscomisional, municipal, particular; secular or religious. Public
education is secular at all levels, compulsory up to primary level and free through
high school or its equivalent. Education has two regimes: Coast and Andean. The
education consist in 10 years of obligatory assistance.
The level of general basic education is divided into 4 sub-levels:

Preparatory: corresponding to 1.er degree of EGB and preferably is
offered to students from age 5.

Basic Elementary: corresponding to 2nd. 3rd. and 4th. Degrees
E.G.B. and preferably is offered to students 6-8 years old.

Basic Media: corresponding to 5th. 6th. and 7th. Degrees E.G.B. and
preferably is offered to students from 9-11 years old.

Basic higher: corresponding to 8th. 9th. and 10th. Degrees E.G.B.
and preferably is offered to students from 12-14 years of age.
The quimestral qualifying each area is the average, pre-examination
quimestral partial evaluations. The annual rating, area is the average of the ratings
quimestrales. The Bachelor is a specialization that takes place after 10 years of basic
education and higher education before, these may include: physical-mathematical,
chemical biologist, social sciences and art. The student is then graded by the name
of Bachelor of specialization. From 2011 mentioned specializations are removed,
creating the current Unified School General.
Actually the education is free for state schools, the government gives books
for the students and a healthy lunch. The particular schools are paid monthly until
10 months due the law.
7
About the university, only the states ones are free. Usually this part of the
student life is the most expensive, depending on the career.
HEALTH IN ECUADOR
The Health System of Ecuador is characterized by segmentation into sectors,
private and public. There are multiple funders and providers: Ministry of Health,
Social Security, IESS. Other providers that cover insurance fees are small: the
Ecuadorian Society against Cancer (SOLCA), the Guayaquil Welfare Board (JBG)
and services of the Armed Forces and National Police. The main problem with
health networks are staff shortages and limited resolution capability in primary and
specialized care district and provincial level.
PICHINCHA PROVINCE
The city of Quito is Ecuador's capital and the province of Pichincha, plus it
is the most populous city in its province. According to the geographical features of
the province, is equatorial to be crossed by the equator, is being surrounded by the
Pichincha Volcano and belonging to the Andean highlands of Ecuador.
Here you can find valleys as Tumbaco, Los Chillos Cumbayá Guayllabamba
Sangolquí, places that produce warm foods such as custard apple, avocado,
potatoes.
The cantons of Pichincha Province are:

Quito

Mejía

Cayambe

Pedro Moncayo
8

Pedro Vicente Maldonado

Puerto Quito

Rumiñahui

San Miguel de los Bancos
The economy of Pichincha focuses on Quito, because here live the most of
the population, the city is the political center of the province, is home to major
governmental, cultural and trade bodies of the country, along with Guayaquil. The
rural economy is centered on agriculture. The rural area of Pichincha has large
agricultural areas, and these products are mainly used for domestic consumption.
The main upland crops are wheat, barley, corn, potatoes, oats, tomatoes and onions;
while in the northwest it is grown: bananas, sugar cane, oil palm, coffee, cocoa,
palm. After agriculture, livestock is one of the main activities of the rural sector,
most cattle are: cattle, pigs, horses, sheep and goats.
QUITO
San Francisco de Quito is the capital city of Ecuador and of the province of
Pichincha. It is located on the eastern slopes of the Pichincha volcano in the western
part of the Andes. Its altitude is 2.800 meters (9.186 feet) above sea level. It has
2.240.000 of population. The city currently has a concentration of companies and
business offices in three main locations: El Ejido, La Carolina and 12 de Octubre.
That would become the three financial centers of the city. These 3 are all in the
north.
Quito is the political center of the country, in the city are located the main
governmental, cultural, financial, administrative and commercial organizations. It
is the first declared, along with Krakow, as Cultural Heritage of Humanity by
UNESCO, in September 8 1.978, as the city has the largest historic center in Latin
and preserved.
9
Its name comes from the ancient culture called Quitus. The name was not
changed despite the arrival of the Incas, but with the arrival of the conquistadores
replaced the letter "u" with "o".
The city had several foundations: the first was the August 15, 1.534 as
Santiago de Quito near the Colta Lagoon in the province of Chimborazo the second
was thirty leagues away in the same place on August 28, 1.534 and the third was on
December 6, 1.534 by the Spanish Sebastian de Benalcázar in where is today the
city of San Francisco de Quito.
The climate of the city is usually cold, but during the day it has some
temperature variations.
The city is divided into three parts that are clearly marked. These are: the
north, where the modern Quito is governed with large urban and commercial
structures the center, which is marked colonial Quito, from where the city began to
emerge and south, where you can locate embedded cores youthful expression to
new cultures.
GUAGUA PICHINCHA VOLCANO
The altitude of this volcano is 4,794 m.s.n.m (15728 feet). It is located in
the Western Range, in the Guayllabamba Hoya, and Pichincha province. The last
eruption of the volcano was in 2003.
It is a stratovolcano with caldera, it is formed after several composite layers
of lava and eruptions have left. Although Ecuador is on the equator, the climate is
varied because of the topography and the influence of the cold Humboldt Current
and Warm Current.
10
The flora of the volcano corresponds to montane wet forest with grasses,
straw, and the famous chilcas, the pads are characterized because they absorb water.
In the fauna are foxes, different types of rodents, wild rabbits, skunks, condors,
gulls, curiquingues, vultures, hawks, deer, hummingbirds, and others.
The two American continents are the exclusive home to one of the most
fascinating winged creatures in the animal kingdom. Scientists say that they belong
to the family of Trochiliformes, while others simply know them as hummingbirds.
Ecuador is home to 130 species of the nearly 300 species that have been recorded
on the continent. Ecuador is the site of extraordinary varieties, such as the swordbill
hummingbird, which is the bird with the longest bill on the planet in proportion to
its body; the ruby-topaz hummingbird, which literally looks like its body is covered
in flames; or, the sylph, with its extremely long violet tail. The coloration of the
hummingbird is not because their feathers, but due to prismatic cells that
decompose in different wavelengths when they are exposed to light, causing
variations in color and intensity, depending on the angle of the observer.
Additionally, hummingbirds have the largest brain in relation to their size; they
have two ultra-fast metabolisms; the wings of the smallest species (5.5 cm) can flap
up to 200 timers per second, for which their hearts beat up to 1,200 beats per minute.
This characteristic allows for an extraordinary feat, permitting hummingbirds to
hover or move in all directions.
RUCU PICHINCHA VOLCANO
The altitude of this volcano is 4,698 m.s.n.m (15413 feet). It belongs to the
Western Range, to Guayllabamba Hoya and the province of Pichincha. "Rucu"
means "old", and is known as volcanic activity ended in the Pleistocene leaving
only pointed peaks and traces of this volcano.
It is part of the Pichincha volcano complex near the Guagua Pichincha and
Ungui, which is a smaller and tourist, the attraction here is the Cinto church.
11
It can be easily recognized because there is located one of the largest
entertainment attractions in the city, El Teleférico. The cable car is located in an
area called Cruz Loma. The characteristic flora of the area is the ragwort,
pumamaqui, grass, straw, pillows, among others. In the fauna can be named
curiquingues, moorland deer, wolves, foxes, rodents of different species, quilicos,
gulls, vultures, hawks, owls, hummingbirds, among others. At the base of this
volcano took place the Battle of Pichincha, on May 24, 1822. This battle gave the
end of the Spanish colonialism in the Presidency of Quito; who was in command of
the troops was the Gral. Venezuelan Antonio José de Sucre, who defeated the
Spanish forces.
ATACAZO VOLCANO
It has an altitude of 4,463 m.s.n.m (14642 feet). Located in the Western
Range, in the Guayllabamba Hoya, in the province of Pichincha. It is a volcano that
is now off and no activity. To the south east of this rise is the Viudita and the
Ninahuilca southwest. Its summit was used by the wise Pedro Vicente Maldonado
as one of the benchmarks for plotting trigonometric lines that served to lift his
famous geographical map of Ecuador, in the eighteenth century. It can be
recognized as the top antennas that provide television signals, cable and phone lines
to the city can be seen.
PASOCHOA VOLCANO
It has an altitude of 4,199 m.s.n.m (13,776 feet) It is an inner mountain is
located in the Guayllabamba Hoya in the province of Pichincha. It has an area of
500 hectares. It is known as a haven for endemic wildlife; since it is the only thing
keeping the characteristic Andean forest of the Sierra. The existence of bromeliads,
or known as "palm branches" for use at Easter; romerillo, the only conifer native of
Ecuador and coveted for its fine wood; and Polylepis, which can reach great heights
in the wilderness, has its flowers in clusters, small leaves, and reddish twisted trunk.
12
When they reached the Spanish introduced flora and fauna and brought that
replaced the native as pines and eucalyptus. Pasochoa consists of layers of volcanic
ash and lava flows cooled solidified andesite compounds (volcanic igneous rock
intermediate composition).
In Pasochoa you can find three living areas, these are:

Lower montane rain forest: is found at 3000 meters high,
with a temperature of 12 degrees Celsius, and can be found hulls, cedar,
myrtle, laurel. Its soil is suitable for growing corn, potatoes, wheat,
vegetables and grasses.

Very humid montane forest: is between 3000 and 3800
meters. It is characterized by the amount of moisture and the presence of
excessive haze. Its soil is good for pasture, wheat and potatoes.

Subalpine rain moor: between 3800 and 4200 meters high.
The soils are of volcanic origin. It is characterized by a very fine sand. The
soil is good for growing grass and wheat.
In terms of fauna can be named condor, vulture, fox, skunks, wolves,
cervicabras, cougars, small snakes, lizards; these among the most recognized.
VOLCANOS
A volcano is a geological unit permanent, temporary or communicating
between the mantle and the earth's surface. It is also a geological structure which
emerges magma and gases from inside the planet. The rise usually occurs in
episodes of violent activity called flares. The fireplace is the conduit through which
magma comes out, it ends at the top of the volcano which is topped by a crater.
13
Some volcanoes after suffering major eruptions, collapse depressions forming on
top of over a kilometer in diameter, this is known as a caldera.
Parts of a volcano are:

Magma: a bag that is in the interior of the earth consists of
minerals and rocks in the liquid state, due to the high temperatures and those
found.

Chimney: is the conduit through which lava rises to the
outside.

Crater: is the opening at the bottom of the chimney where the
lava comes out.

Volcanic Cone: is composed of solidified lava and ash.
There are some types of flares, among which are:

Hawaiian: lava is very fluid and no explosive gas landslides.

Strombolian: the lava is flowing gaseous abundant landslides
and violent. Gases can easily detach so no sprays and ash are produced.

Vulcanian: is a type of rash that shows large amounts of gas
a little fluid magma consolidates rapidly.

Pelean: the lava is viscous and is consolidating rapidly
coming to cover the entire crater.
PROTECTED AREAS (SNAP)
They are clearly defined geographical space recognized and managed,
through legal or other effective means to achieve long-term conservation of nature
and its systemic eco services and their associated cultural values. In Ecuador,
protected areas represent approximately 20% of the preserved national territory, are
framed in the highest category of protection under national environmental
legislation, Constitution of the Republic are part of one of the subsystems of the
14
great National Areas System Protected (SNAP), known as Natural Heritage Areas
by the State (PANE), distributed throughout the continental and insular territory,
home to an important biological richness, ecosystem services with both urban and
rural populations benefit a richness that allows natural tourism and recreation in
some of them, and their ecological significance transcend borders that are
recognized internationally.
Currently the (SNAP), consists of 50 protected areas, of which 49 are part
of Subsystem (PANE) and 1 the subsystem GADS.
The National System of Protected Areas (SNAP) is comprised of National
Parks, Biological Reserves, Ecological, geobotanical, Wildlife Production, Marine,
Wildlife Refuges, Recreation Areas and distributed throughout Ecuador.
CORAZÓN VOLCANO
It has 4,788 m.s.n.m (15,708 feet). Located in the Western Range. It belongs
to the Guayllabamba Toachi Hoya and in the province of Pichincha. It is an extinct
volcano that forms part of the Ecological Reserve Illinizas. In the eastern part of
this elevation, are crops of fertile land and the western one can see a part of the
cloud forest. The first time that El Corazón volcano was explored was in the
nineteenth century by Edward Whymper, at which time the mountain was still
covered by a glacier. Its name is because it is carefully seeing the shape of a human
heart reversed.
SIMON BOLIVAR AVENUE
El Ministerio de Transporte y Obras Públicas has permanent control over
the roads, to provide all citizens with timely information on the state of the country's
roads. This Avenue is the newest in this province, and is the faster way to go to the
15
south of the country. It is the connection between Quito and the Pan-American
Highway. Approximately it has 15 km.
This highway begins in Alaska and ends in Argentina with 26.000 km
approx. Ties almost every country in the western hemisphere of the American
continent with a stretch of road together. It was conceived in the V International
Conference of American States in 1923. The remarkable stretch that prevents
connecting road completely is a journey of 87 miles of hard mountain forest, located
between the east end of Panama and northwestern Colombia called the Darien Gap.
The Pan American Highway is cut in Panama and Colombia start given to the Pan
American Highway in South America.
In each country the name of the highway is different, in Ecuador the name
is E35.
TREATMENT PLANT EL TROJE
The project started in Micacocha lagoon, located 70 kilometers south-east
of the city of Quito, on the slopes of Antisana volcano at 3,900 meters Conduction
takes place in a northwesterly direction until the field THE Troje near the urban
area of the southern sector of Quito, where the treatment plant is located. The
project is designed to bring 1,700 l / s. The dam intercepts the waters of the
Desaguadero River, which is the natural drainage of Micacocha lagoon. The length
of the dam in its crown is 780 m and a maximum height of 15.2m is composed of a
homogeneous mixture composed of glacier fluvial and volcanic ash fireplace with
a type filter on the vertical axis and a horizontal under the veneer of downstream.
16
CIUDAD JARDÍN
Conceived and inspired by innovative models and current standards and
surrounded by 170 acres of green area (Parque Metropolitano del Sur), is the
flagship residential project in the city of Quito and probably in all of Ecuador. There
is a school, nursery, shopping center, hospital, civic center, security and green areas.
It is a city inside a city.
PARQUE METROPOLITANO DEL SUR
The real name is “Bosque del Sur” or “Metro Sur”. It has more than 750
hectares and is considered the largest park district has a great historical heritage,
because it is crossed by the Camino del Inca or Inca Trail hike (The Inca Trail in
Ecuador is an exciting trekking route follows Mail Inca empire. Start at Achupallas
where you can appreciate the Andean rural life and ends in the impressive ruins of
Ingapirca). Its flora and fauna include finding endemic species.
TAMBILLO
It is a parish of the Mejia canton in the province of Pichincha. Its name
comes from the word "tambo" were resting places for the "messengers" who
distributed the mail on foot in the Inca Empire. Tambillo was a place of rest. It was
declared a parish on July 23, 1883, after the presidency of Luis Cordero. It is a
crossing point between the coast and the mountains of the country.
17
The Incas
Between 1465 and 1532, the Inca Empire was based in Ecuador mainly in
the Sierra. On the coast, their presence was lower, especially being located in the
province of Manabi. The Incas extended their kingdom through the current
Ecuadorian territory, thanks to the construction of state facilities, as Tomebamba,
and ceremonial, such as Ingapirca, where controlled and spread their political and
religious ideas. Over time, their armies moved north leaving footprints in San
Agustin de Callo, Quito and the Imbabura region.
Under the Inca control, stone fortresses and large population centers in
everyday and commercial activities that were developed were built. The economy
of the Incas was based on agriculture and livestock. The construction of large
terraced fields and ditches of stone contributed to the development of intensive
agriculture products like corn, quinoa and beans. They got both meat supplementing
your diet as necessary for the development of various textile materials flame,
guanacos, vicuñas and alpacas.
They built an extensive network of roads used for both interregional trade
and the transit of chasquis, persons responsible for carrying messages from one
place to another. Local societies adopted the ceramic style introduced by the Incas,
particularly characterized by known as keros glasses and vessels with polychrome
decoration called aríbalo.
UNIDAD DE EQUITACIÓN Y REMONTA (NATIONAL POLICE)
This place is especial for hippo therapy, it means that is a service for kids
with disabilities especially with Down syndrome. It is a therapy with horses,
because these animals are friendly and have three dimensional movements serving
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to stimulate the muscles and joints. In addition, contact with the horse, provides
therapeutic levels cognitive, communicative and personality facets.
Here, the police is prepared with mounted police services for public
entertainment.
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR POLICE JOSE EMILIO CASTILLO SOLÍS
One of the priorities of the government after the revolt of September 30th
2010, was to accelerate the restructuring of the educational system of the military.
That involves creating a college career with police specialists. The Interior minister
José Serrano, announced that an agreement with the Central University of Ecuador
to implement a police career under the parameters governing the system of higher
education will be signed. Before the cops just came out with their college degrees,
but there was no recognition of third level.
ALOAG
Aloag is one of the oldest parishes in this county, and because of its location,
is a crossing between two regions of Ecuador: the Coast and Andean. The name
means “extended ground”
It is also known that once these people were conquered by the Incas, these
lands were favorites or typical withdrawals from the Inca elite where drums or
resting places were built as well as providing hot springs, this was the route required
where went the high road.
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The temperature ranges from 12 degrees during the twelve months but in
summer tends to rise slightly. There are some varieties of animals in this area: 17%
cattle, 17% pigs, 23% sheep, and to a lesser extent cattle horses, poultry,
beekeeping, guinea pigs, rabbits and pets.
OIL IN ECUADOR
The most important source of the economy of Ecuador is the export of oil
and derivatives, which in the last 10 years has ranged between 43 and 66% of total
exports and between 43 and 59% of the overall budget. The Ecuador has at times
with a processing capacity of 157,500 barrels of oil per day. The main products are
gasoline and diesel fuels majority use in transportation. The hydrocarbons sector
contributes to 71% of national energy requirement, dividing the remainder between
sources of biomass and hydropower.
The phases of the oil industry are:

Exploration. - is to search for hydrocarbon reservoirs with
geological and seismic methods.

Exploitation. - is the extraction of oil and gas from
underground by drilling and construction of infrastructure for transport and
storage in the oil fields.

Refinancing. - phase where crude oil is converted into fuels,
giving added value and meet the domestic energy needs and exporting fuels.

Storage and transport of oil and derives. - constitute pipeline
systems, tanks and pipelines that serve to transport and storage of crude oil
and from the place of production to other consumer export or
industrialization.

Commercialization. - Process of external sale of oil to the
international market and domestic marketing of fuels.
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When oil is liquid appears in the form of oil and gas form when natural gas
is another energy its solid state appears as asphalt as used in the construction of
roads and streets and is also known in the latter case with the pitch name. The
transport from the extraction site does piped called pipeline for oil and gas pipeline
for natural gas. The oil exploration activity begins early in the century along the
Pacific coast. The administration and marketing of oil is carried out by Petroleos
del Ecuador State Enterprise (Petroecuador), which is perfectly legal regime
discussed in the hydrocarbons law and the law of the State Petroleum Company of
Ecuador.
Oil exploitation has caused serious ecological damage, especially in the
Amazon. Existing wells have generated millions of gallons of toxic waste per day,
which obviously are discharged into the environment, contaminating streams and
rivers that provide water for human consumption.
TENARIS COMPANY
Tenaris is one of the leading steel pipes for the oil and gas suppliers in
Ecuador. The product range also includes pipe fittings, line pipe of small and large
diameters for capital works under the highest international quality standards.
Tenaris has ISO 9001: 2008 certified worldwide and plants are certified with the
product licenses.
CORDILLERA DE LOS ANDES
It is a mountain range in South America which extends almost parallel to
the Pacific coast, from Cabo de Hornos to Panama. It is one of the world's biggest
mountain ranges. Andes is a Castilianized Aymara name means "mountain lights".
It crosses Argentina, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and parts of
Venezuela. Its average height round 4000 meters and its highest point is Mount
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Aconcagua, Argentina, whose 6960, m transform this highest mountain in the world
outside the system of the Himalayas. The Andes are an enormous mountain mass
that houses the highest volcanoes in the world. It occupies an area of approximately
330,000 km² outlining the coast of the Pacific Ocean along 7240 km, making it the
longest mountain range on Earth. It was formed at the end of the Secondary era, in
the late Cretaceous, motion subduction Nazca plate beneath the South American
Plate.
This range is divided in Ecuador into three parts, The Western Range, the
Easter Range and the Central Range. And also it divided the country into the natural
regions. Due the Andes, Ecuador has variety of climates.
FRENCH GEODESIC MISSION
It was a scientific delegation sent by the Academy of Sciences of Paris, with
the support of Louis XV, King of France, and the permission of Philip V, King of
Spain, arrived in Quito on May 29, 1736. The task given was to complete math facts
related to the true shape of the earth, and for this purpose had to be measured from
Ecuador, an arc of meridian. It was led by astronomers and physicists Carlos Maria
de La Condamine, Louis Godin, Pierre Bouguer; botanist Joseph Jussieu; physician
and surgeon JuanSeniergues and several engineers, designers, assistants, etc. This
commission is added at the request of Philip V, the Spanish sailors Jorge Juan and
Antonio de Ulloa, who should also make discreet inquiries about the life of the
colony, and the Ecuadorian Pedro Vicente Maldonado.
The French Geodesic Mission contributed to volcanism in Ecuador, giving
exact details altitudes elevations, as they contributed to the description of the flora
and fauna of the moors in particular. The work that the French Geodesic Mission in
America were made of such importance that revolutionized the scientific concepts
of the time, not only in finding that the Earth was flattened at the poles but with the
measurements, it was determined the true length of the meter, as it represents one
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ten millionth of a quadrant of the meridian and on which was based the metric
system.
ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT
It is considered the "Father of Modern Universal Geography '. He was a
naturalist of extraordinary versatility, which was never repeated after her
disappearance. He specialized in various fields of science such as ethnography,
anthropology, physics, zoology, ornithology, climatology, oceanography,
astronomy, geography, geology, mineralogy, botany, volcanology and humanism.
In Quito, capital of the Royal Audience of Quito, Humboldt is received in 1802 by
local nobles, including the family of Juan Pío Montúfar, Marquis of Selva Alegre.
Along with this son, Carlos Montufar, Humboldt made several ascents of the
Ecuadorian Andes, including the Chimborazo, Ecuador's highest elevation.
Humboldt ran virtually all highlands of Ecuador, making measurements of the
mountains and collecting plants. The German was very interested in the study of
existing Inca ruins in Ecuador today, as the castle of Ingapirca in the province of
Canar. He also made a significant ascent of Pichincha Volcano, Mount guardian of
Quito, in the company of the young Montúfar. He was received by the other major
noble families in Quito, as the Marquis of Maenza, who attended him on their
hacienda La Cienega, near the Cotopaxi volcano and the city of Latacunga that he
also studied.
EDWARD WHYMPER
He was an English mountaineer and explorer, known for being the first to
climb the Matterhorn (Alps) in 1865. The summit of Chimborazo is the farthest
from the center of the earth, and during SXIX still thought that this was the highest
elevation in the world. The first man to reach the summit of Chimborazo volcano
was Edward Whymper, alongside Louis and Jean-Antoine Carrel brothers in 1880.
Whymper climbed a second time by a different route the same year, with the two
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Ecuadorians David Beltrán and Francisco Campaign. The first time that El Corazón
volcano was explored was in the nineteenth century by Edward Whymper, at which
time the mountain was still covered by a glacier.
SINCHOLAGUA VOLCANO
Its altitude is 4,898 m.s.n.m (16,069 feet). It belongs to the Eastern Range.
Located in the Guayllabamba Hoya, Pinchincha province. It is difficult to reach the
summit, which is why it is not as touristy. From here you can see animals such as
caracara hawks, eagles, condors and deer. It is very common to be with snow but if
it happens at certain times of year.
ANTISANA VOLCANO
Its altitude is 5,758 m.s.n.m (18,891 feet). It is in the Eastern Range, in the
Guayllabamba Hoya in the province of Napo. At this elevation it is considered as a
sanctuary of condors as it provides refuge to one of the largest concentrations of
Andean condors in Ecuador, as well as other species of birds in height that are
probably in danger of extinction as the ibis black face, peak ash cone, Andean gulls,
moor duck, curiquingues, black-winged doves, and the hooded siskin.
It is within the Antisana Ecological Reserve. It was established as a reserve
in 1993. It covers an area of 120,000 hectares is one of the best protected natural
areas of Ecuador. Extensive glacial volcano provide water to the rivers and lakes
within the reserve, which supports abundant wildlife in the region. The climate
varies from 3 to 17 degrees depending on the height at which it is located.
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The upper part of the reserve is located between 3100 meters and 4700 m,
where the Subalpine Rain Moor and very humid Montane Forest are distinguished.
The moor is a third of the total area of the reserve.
The REA is within one of the "hotspots" (high biodiversity) considered to
Ecuador by the WWF World Wildlife Fund, and corresponds to forests of the
eastern slopes of the Andes in the upper basin of the Napo River.
RUMIÑAHUI VOLCANO
It has an altitude of 4,712 m.s.n.m (15,459 feet). It is an inner mountain
located in the Guayllabamba Hoya, in the province of Pichincha, at the eastern end
of the Knot Tiopullo. Rumi means "stone" and ñawi "face"; is the name of this
elevation means "stone face." It is easily accessible, which is why both national and
international tourists like to climb the three peaks it possesses: the northern or high,
the center and the south.
It has an average temperature of 10 degrees Celsius. The flora is based on a
shrub and herbaceous vegetation; the bush is rosemary, and some bushes that give
life to the place. The herbaceous vegetation is typical of the moors, pads and
grasses; Chuquirahua climber witch is the climber flower.
In terms of fauna exists wilderness wolf, rabbit, skunk, cervicabra, toads,
lizards, and birds such as hawks, hummingbirds, blackbirds, among others.
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THE ILLINIZAS
They are located within the Ecological Reserve Illinizas. North Illiniza has
an altitude of 5,120 meters (16,797 feet) in the Toachi Guayllabamba Hoya and in
the province of Pichincha; and South Illiniza 5,248 m.s.n.m (17,217 feet) in the
Guayllabamba Toachi and Patate Hoya in the provinces of Pichincha and Cotopaxi,
which is the most difficult ascent throughout Ecuador. They are in the Western
Cordillera.
The reserve has an area of 149,000 hectares. It was created in 1996. The
temperature is 0 degrees Celsius in the upper area and reaches a maximum of 24
degrees in the lower area. Plant species have cedar, walnut, laurel wax, alder, jiguas,
palm branches, higuerón, chicken blood, dragon's blood, pambil, suro, achupalla,
the cinnamon, strangler fig, myrtle, bobo moral ChinChin sacha lupine, rosemary,
mallow, nutsedge mountain, silver trumpet tree, Guantug, dairy, suro, ragwort,
datura, husks, Colca, ragwort, shoe, bush cherry tree, walnut, guava, giant fern,
pumamaqui, romerillos, among others. Also you can see lichen, epiphytes, ferns,
bromeliads and orchids which are numerous in species and individuals. The trees
are characterized by being full of moss and canopy is between 20 to 25 m.
The reserve has 44 species of mammals, 47 of amphibians and reptiles, 257
species of birds. Among the mammals include the spectacled bear, puma, paramo
wolf, bats, agouti, fox, agouti, gray Gorgeted, Andean toucan, black partridge,
Quilico. The Reserve provides refuge for endemic Choco cloud forest, threatened
with extinction worldwide, including: Giant Antpitta, bigotiblanca Antpitta, White
dorsioscuro Gorgeted and Corcovado. Glass frog, marsupial frog, lizards, snakes,
and others.
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FABRICA ARCA – COCA COLA
With an investment of $ 80 million, Arca Continental, the second largest
bottler of Coca Cola largest in Latin America will build a plant in the city of
Machachi. Foreign companies investing in Ecuador because it is in their best,
because it has new and rehabilitated roads, 21 airports, political stability, the lowest
unemployment rate in history and one of the lowest in the region. Coca Cola plant
in Machachi will be built on an area of 30 hectares and is one of the largest
investments in capacity expansion and product innovation for the company. Arca
Continental has more than 85 years in the Mexican market. In Ecuador came in
2010 with the acquisition of Ecuador Bottling Company. It has made significant
investments including stand Inalecsa acquisition in 2012 and the acquisition of a
majority stake in Holding Tonicorp in April this year.
MACHACHI
It is the capital of the Mejia canton in the province of Pichincha. The town
is linked to Quito in many ways especially in the economic, social and commerce.
According to the meaning of its name, Machachi means "large living Earth."
In the late nineteenth century, began selling in Machachi a mineral water from the
springs of Tesalia, in the hacienda of the family Zaldumbide, was born Güitig, the
mineral water brand sold the most famous in Ecuador. In the early twentieth
century, the French Pierre Denis industrialized production, prompting Güitig to
expand their market to the central Andean provinces, and since 1921 was born The
Thessaly Springs Co.
The city is located on a vast valley at 2945 meters above sea level, amidst
the volcanoes Pasochoa Ruminagui and El Corazón; the climate becomes much
27
cooler than other Andean valleys city of the Province, but is cold because the
glaciers surrounding.
This area is livestock, is why it is known for its dairy foods like milk, cheese,
yogurt and cream as well known.
Every year in July, Machachi celebrated a festival called "Paseo del
Chagra". The chagras are cowboys of the Andes, which usually occur in the
province of Pichincha. The festival is accompanied by the music of bands people.
During the event, hundreds of riders demonstrate their skills on the back of beautiful
steeds dairy, thus delighting national and foreign tourists who come to Machachi
from the early hours of the morning and evening, attending a bullfight village fights
closing day of this day.
The reason why this festival is done is the eruption of Cotopaxi volcano in
1877, the feast of Santiago Apostol who is the patron of Machachi, and
cantonización of Mejia. In 1981, thanks to these three events occurs first ride
Chagra.
The Chacarera Feast is the central celebration marking the cantonización
Mejia, and consists of the following activities:

Procession of Chagra

Bulls

Side Events

The air mass
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What you should not miss this celebration is: the crier bull, a wagon with
the image of the Lord of the Holy School who is the patron of the festival, the crowd
of participants, dance and music troupes and floats.
Every first Sunday of the month in the Central Park of Machachi, is a fair,
it is called “Valle de los nueve volcanes”, it is famous because is easy to find a lot
of products like corn, potatoes, broccoli, lima beans, cabbage, fruits, products made
of milk, animals, flowers, gastronomy, music. In short is a touristic fair.
In this sector is common to see mechanical milking, but only in the
companies that have money and a lot of production, because this process is fast.
ALOASÍ
The land where today the parish, were formerly populated by Panzaleos,
residents of a triangle formed by what is now Machachi, Alóag and Aloasí. This
civilization stretched between the slopes of Rumiñahui, Pasochoa and El Corazón.
Aloasí, was declared ecclesiastical parish on June 26, 1698, and civil parish on May
29, 1861. He belonged to the province of Pichincha, formed by a single canton with
50 parishes, including Aloasí, Uyumbicho, Machachi, Amaguaña, Tambillo.
GREEN HOUSES
People who have haciendas take advantage of the ground and the climate to
create green houses for the production of flowers, especially roses.
The cultivation of roses in Ecuador has had a great impact on the Ecuadorian
economy since the 80s when its export boom began. Insertion of Ecuador in the
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business of roses has become the fourth largest producer of roses in the world,
which is good because it brings jobs and funded public works such as building
roads, schools, and better systems irrigation, among others. In recent decades, the
international market has a more demanding clean for purchasing flowers, limiting
the excessive use of agrochemicals such as pesticides and fungicides demand. The
problem arises when finding new ways to eliminate pests and provide greater
protection to workers in the rose bushes will increase the cost of production of roses
which cannot be profitable in the international context affecting revenues Ecuador.
Ecuadorian roses for quality: thick stems very long, large buttons and bright colors
are considered the best in the world, its main exports go to the United States, Russia,
Britain, Italy and Canada, and so it must maintain good relations trade between
these countries.
The gypsophila in no time at Ecuador has become the largest producer of
this type of flowers in the world, with the largest number of acres under cultivation.
The limonium, liatris, asters, and many others flowers produced in summer also are
in great demand. Highlights the pompon and chrysanthemums as well. Tropical
flowers, with more than 100 varieties, are characterized by their varied shapes,
colors, sizes and long life after cut. No need refrigeration, which makes them strong
and resistant to manipulation. There are currently over 2,500 hectares planted,
allowing that there is availability for export throughout the year. The main export
markets are Russia and The United States.
The varieties of roses more expended in Ecuador are:

Freedom = red rose

Rockstar = white rose

Topaz = pink rose

Merengue = is a mix of white and red rose

Mondial = cream rose
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JAMBELI BRIDGE
Four stages comprising the Jambeli-Latacunga-Ambato road, it makes a
total of 90 km, side steps, new bridges and interchanges, which will be part of a
work to be very important for the development, tourism and national security. The
first stage, 47.7 km, will include an expansion to 6 lanes between the Jambeli Bridge
and Latacunga; also includes side step Lasso of 5 kms, palliation of 4 lanes between
5 de Junio Bridge and Las Canastas extending with 2 bridges. The second stage,
15.3 km; includes an expansion to 6 lanes between Salcedo and Ambato and also
an extension of the railroad underpass. The third stage, 27 kms, includes the
construction of a new 6-lane lateral passage between the north entrance of
Latacunga and Salcedo exit south, construction of 3 new bridges, 2 culverts drawer
and 2-step solution of new railway.
COTOPAXI PROVINCE
Passing the sector Chasqui curve, provincial boundary between Pichincha
and Cotopaxi, is the province of Cotopaxi. It is named because of the volcano best
known by Ecuadorians, although at the beginning of its establishment was to be
called León province, named after philanthropist latacungueño Vicente Leon. It
name means “Moon neck”. Cotopaxi has a large number of indigenous people who
are engaged in farming. In Cotopaxi foods such as corn, barley, potatoes, broccoli,
wheat produce, and flowers for export are grown (in temperate zones), while in
warmer or subtropical cocoa, bananas, coffee and sugar cane is grown, and some
tropical fruits. Large tracts of land in this province are suitable for pasture for cattle.
Milk, meat and milk is produced. The climate of the province is 15 degrees approx.,
it means that the most of the time is cold.
Cotopaxi Province was created by the National Assembly, 1850.
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The cantons of the province are:
o
Latacunga
o
La Maná
o
Saquisilí
o
Pujilí
o
Salcedo
o
Pangua
o
Sigchos
EUCALYPTUS
Eucalyptus reached the equinoctial Andes, in the mid nineteenth century and
were delivered to President Gabriel Garcia Moreno. Eucalyptus trees are very
common in the inter landscape of Ecuador. Sort plantations occupy small, medium
and large areas in the valleys and slopes. Eucalypts are so common in the Sierra we
think they are native trees, was less than 150 years ago when the roots of these
plants had their first meeting with Ecuadorian soil. The first two boxes of seeds of
these trees, after leaving Australia and make a stopover in Europe, reached the
equatorial Andes to be delivered in mid-nineteenth century to Gabriel Garcia
Moreno. In the Valley of Machachi, a few decades after the Spanish founding of
Quito, the forests had disappeared. By the nineteenth century it was imperative to
find a solution to the problem of replacement of plant matter in the inter-Andean or
energy crises and materials for construction could be fatal. As a solution, Gabriel
García Moreno agreed to introduce exotic forest species recommended by scientists
at the European metropolis.
The main characteristic about these trees, is that they absorb the most
quantity of water from the ground, and they reproduce very fast. The uses of the
eucalyptus is for make paper, wood elements, ornamentation and medicine.
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PINE
The pines were introduced to Ecuador's land by Luciano Andrade Marín in
1925. After eucalyptus forest species is mostly planted in the Sierra. Pine is a
species that is often used for reforestation due to its ease of adaptation to adverse
soil; by its increase in volume; and to do business such as Christmas. There are
approximately 8 million National Park pine. These should be planted at 3,600
meters. Although there are native plants, has decided not to disappear them because
some animals have found refuge in the pines. These trees are used for their wood
basically.
o
Radiata pine: it could be used in furniture, pulp and paper,
packaging, chipboard, plywood and fiber board, joinery, upholstery.
o
Patula pine: It has a naturally very restricted distribution. The
patula pine has been very successful in industrial plantations throughout the
tropics and subtropics, including South Africa, the Indian subcontinent,
South America and Australia, notable for its good shape, rapid growth and
large size. Fits in forming rain forest and very humid lower montane. It is
used in plywood, plates, tongue depressors, toothpicks; shaped and
densified laminated wood can be used in tool handles, machined objects and
beams.
NATIONAL RECREATION AREA EL BOLICHE
Located near the Cotopaxi National Park, in the county Mulaló, specifically
in the upper knot Tíopullo; with an area of 1077 ha. This area is between 3000 and
4000 meters. Water resources are represented by glacial rivers as the Cutuchi,
Duale, San Pedro and Churupinto. The 40% is associated with pine scrub vegetation
composed of species such as rosemary, ragwort, mosses, fungi, ferns, lichens, shoes
pads, grills rabbit pumamaqui, aguacatillo moor, mortiño ferns.
33
As we can see wildlife curiquingue, quilico, piggy, rabbits, wilderness wolf,
and deer Chucuri latter reintroduced. The weather is cold between 5 degrees at night
and in the morning with a little presence of the sun reaches 18 degrees. Rainfall as
in the Cotopaxi National Park, have apparently ordered distribution was higher in
the months of March, April and May, decreasing from August to September.
Here you can camp, hike, fish, visit the interpretation center, the Amigrande
hill and the viewpoint of Sunfana.
In El Boliche neighborhood, people make crafts, pottery and block.
In the area of Tanicuchi, crops of potatoes, corn, broccoli, flowers, fruits,
alfalfa, and cattle are presented.
COTOPAXI NATIONAL PARK AND VOLCANO
It has an altitude of 5,897 m.s.n.m (19,347 feet). It is the second highest in
the country and one of the highest active volcanoes in the world. It is in the Eastern
Range between the Guayllabamba and Patate Hoya in the province of Cotopaxi.
The last eruptions were recorded in 1877 and 1904. Its limits are: north
Sincholagua volcano Rumiñahui west and southeast Quilindana. A 4800 m.s.n.m.
can find shelter named Joseph Ribas, which is suitable for the rest of the tourists
who decide to climb the volcano.
It is very easy to recognize because it has a triangle and all the time it is
snowy. Since the surrounding terrain is flat, you can see it from anywhere.
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The temperature varies between 9 and 11 degrees Celsius and at the ends, at
the summit of the volcano varies between 0 and 22 degrees Celsius.
It is a protected area of Ecuador which is located within the boundaries of
the province of Pichincha and Cotopaxi province. It has an area of approximately
32,255 hectares and its highest point is the Cotopaxi volcano.
Of the volcanoes Cotopaxi and Ruminagui born many rivers, including:
Cutuchi, San Pedro River, the Pita River, the Pedregal River, Tamboyacu River and
Tambo River. The entire park is collecting area of water used for both irrigation
and human consumption in the Andean region. In addition to around the park there
are gaps such as boxes, Limpiopungo lagoon Santo Domingo and some smaller
ones.
CLIRSEN
The Centro de Levantamientos Integrados de Recursos Naturales por
Sensores Remotos, is a foundation that was created to make satellite data attached
to the Military Geographic Institute, located on the border of the provinces of
Pichincha and Cotopaxi, which receives data from the Earth's surface since August
1957, when the US government through the National Administration of Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA), installed the Satellite Tracking Station. As of
July 30, 1982, by order of the Ecuadorian Government, CLIRSEN provides
maintenance of these facilities and left by NASA, concluding his 1981 mission
teams. Currently, the Cotopaxi Station gets satellite data of the Earth's surface
within 2,500 km, covering 25 countries in Central, South America and the
Caribbean; from the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico to Antofagasta in Chile. The
work is related to the generation of geo-information data are an essential line that
serves to studies on topics related to watershed management, land use planning,
natural resource management, environmental monitoring, degradation of natural
resources, etc.
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PANAVIAL
Panavial is a proudly Ecuadorian company that began operations in 1996
and has over 600 employees. Part of Herdoíza Guerrero Group, a holding company
that encompasses several companies involved in the construction of civil
infrastructure, granting, maintenance and road signs. Since 2005, the company
executed expansion projects over the 583.28 km of the Panamerican to be
maintained under the concession scheme. The good condition of the roads
contributes to the tourism, industrial and commercial development. In order to
conserve the natural resources of the earth, Panavial, together with its partners, has
developed a campaign to reduce, reuse and recycle materials such as paper, plastic,
canvas and cartridges and promote saving water and energy in all their facilities.
The company has deposit and separate containers for solid waste at the central
office and tolls in order to transform and recycle wastes productively. The toll is
used for the maintenance of the roads.
Panel 1.
Costs to be paid on tolls
Cars, jeeps and trucks
$ 1,00
Buses and trucks with 2 axles
$ 2,00
Buses and trucks with 3 axles
$ 3,00
Trucks with 4 axles
$ 4,00
Trucks with 5 axles
$ 5,00
Trucks with 6 axles or more
$ 6,00
Motorbike
$ 0,20
Trailer axle in lightweight
$ 0,50
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According to the law, in the highways the maximum speed is 100 k/h, inside
the cities the maximum is 50 k/h, by the edge 90 k/h, and in the curves 60 k/h.
THE TRAIN
Railroad construction began in the presidency of Gabriel García Moreno,
who in 1873 at the service of Ecuador 41 miles of track from Yaguachi to Miracle
on the coast. In 1895, in the triumph of the Liberal Revolution, the project was taken
up by Eloy Alfaro.
In 1897 "The Guayaquil and Quito Railway Company" is created and
through this began to create the Southern Railroad route. In the canton Alausí on
the hill known as Nest of Condor, the "most complicated train of the World" in what
today is known as the Devil's Nose was established in 1902. In 1905 was
inaugurated in section Duran - Riobamba. In 1906 the train reaches the city of
Ambato, and on 25 June of the same year comes the train station Chimbacalle in
Quito and the route Quito – Guayaquil is created by Eloy Alfaro and Harman
brothers.
In 1975 started the decline of the railroad by its competition with road
transport and lack of government interest. 1992 In an attempt to recover the Railway
in the Rodrigo Borja diesel-electric locomotives were purchased without achieving
its purpose. In 1993 the section of the river is lost Chanchán El Niño. April 1, 2008,
the National Institute of Cultural Heritage (INPC) declared as either belonging to
the Cultural Heritage of the State Railway Network of Ecuador "Civil Monument
and Heritage, Testimonial, Symbolic". This year begins the process of rehabilitation
of the Ecuadorian Railway as a flagship project of the government of Eco. Rafael
Correa Delgado.
Routes currently exist for tourism are:
37

Ibarra – Salinas – Ibarra

Quito – Machachi – El Boliche

Riobamba – Urbina – Riobamba

Ambato – Urbina – Cevallos – Ambato

Riobamba – Colta – Riobamba

Alausí – Sibambe – Alausí

El Tambo – Coyoctor – El Tambo

Durán – Bucay – Durán
In 2011, Chimbacalle station in Quito was chosen as the first of the seven
wonders of the city.
The main stops of this rout are:

Quito

Tambillo

Machachi

Lasso

Latacunga

Laguna de Yambo

Colta

Guamote

Tixán

Sibambe
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Going straight for the highlands:

Chunchi

El Tambo

Ingapirca

Azogues

Cuenca
Going to the Coast:

Chanchan

Huigra

Bucay

Barraganera

Naranjito

Milagro

Yaguachi

Durán

Guayaquil
LASSO
Its name should be due to the former president of the republic Galo Plaza
Lasso. It is recognized that this area had a hacienda where he commanded to make
alpaca blankets to cover all their animals as it was very cold.
39
This area is characterized by the presence of Haciendas that are dedicated
to agriculture and livestock. Some of these have been devoted to tourism such as:
San Agustin de Callo, Yanahurco, Cienega, Santa Ana, Tilipulo.
La Ciénega: Don Matheo de la Escalera and Velasco bought in the year
1695, the lands belonging to the current Hacienda La Ciénega. In 1705 he founded
an entail embracing many properties and estates, among these include the Tilipulo
Hacienda San Juan de Atapulo, Saquisilí and Isinche. This corresponded to his only
daughter, Rosa de la Escalera, married to Captain Don Gregorio Matheu and
Villamayor, in the Cathedral of Quito on February 4, 1702. The characters involved
in the French Geodesic Mission, stayed at this hacienda to observe more closely the
eruption of Cotopaxi volcano. Alexander Von Humboldt was a guest in the
hacienda too. La Cienega was inherited by Avelina Ascázubi and Salinas, married
to José María Lasso de la Vega and Aguirre. They had two children: Juan Manuel
and Avelina Lasso Ascázubi. Juan Manuel Lasso Ascázubi was senator for the
province of Carchi in 1916, presidential candidate in 1924 and a founder of the
Ecuadorian Socialist group in 1926. Colonel Cavalry Escort Squadron and
Commander # 4 in the fighting Huigra, Naranjito and Yaguachi. He married Maria
Carrion and Mata on September 27, 1913.
All these haciendas in Ecuador allow visitors not only closer to nature but
also to learn about the rich Andean culture. It is possible to learn about the legendary
chagras (Andean cowboys); experience the typical activities of a farm such as
milking cows, harvesting or watch cheese making; admire the skilled artisans of the
region while working, and many more activities.
"Avelina" ice-creams known in this area are due to the former president
mother. In 1940, General Leonidas Plaza Gutierrez and his wife, Avelina Lasso
Azcásubi began producing milk and meat. His son, Galo Plaza Lasso, who was
turned into a factory and named it La Avelina, in honor of his mother.
40
On the way you can see the Penal Garcia Moreno. Previously this was
located in the center of Quito, but moved to this area because the building is much
larger and more secure.
On the way is Saquisilí. The name means saqui "stop" sili "here"; it means
"stop here." This county is characterized by the fair to be given out on Thursday,
and where you can find livestock, poultry, cereals, weaving, textiles, food, crafts.
Marketing these products are divided into seats 8 before being exposed.
NOVACERO
NOVACERO was founded in July 1973, beginning as part of the
multinational group Armco in highway products business with a plant in Quito;
1983 incorporates a second plant in Lasso, 15-km from Latacunga Cotopaxi, for the
manufacture and marketing of hot rolled products (angles, plates, bars and tees) and
cold formed products (pipes and profiles). Until 2001 two companies were called
Novacero, and other Aceropaxi; from January of that year, the two companies
merged to form a single, named NOVACERO-ACEROPAXI SA. In 2005 starts the
business growth of hot-rolled products of this company renamed NOVACERO SA
by the incorporation of rod building to the product portfolio; this purpose a modern
mill, which along with other improvements allowed accelerate sales growth and
increased market share was acquired. Today has 3 manufacturing plants, located in
Quito, Guayaquil and Lasso; 3 sales offices in Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca.
COTOPAXI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Is used as a center for freight and passengers from central Ecuador. It is
planned to expand its facilities to provide better services to users (transport of goods
and passengers), the construction of an alternate runway taxiway side, and
incorporate a minimum of 22 national and international frequency to maintain the
41
required monthly budget of USD 66,000. The airport has a strategic location for the
center-south of the country and keeping close to several provinces in the central
highlands, the eastern and coast.
LATACUNGA
Entering the province of Cotopaxi find the city of Latacunga. Located near
the Cotopaxi volcano located in the Patate Hoya.
Around the city of Latacunga are a number of flower industries have boosted
its economy making it the economic engine and generator of foreign exchange in
the Central highlands, besides that Latacunga has limestone mining and cement,
and light metals industries heavy, agribusiness, dairy and livestock industry, has an
international airport and the urban area are being built larger markets and modern
shopping centers that become the commercial center of the Ecuadorian nation.
There are some hypotheses which means Latacunga, but has been chosen to
host the origin of the word Quichua "llacata kunka" meaning God of the Gaps, or
“Land of Shamans”
The climate ranges from humid temperate and dry depending on the season,
given that the volcano produced a colder climate.
Most tourist in the city is the Feast of the Black Mama. This is a traditional
feast known as Blessed Tragedy; this party is done twice, the first in September is
more an internal party held by people who work in the markets De La Merced y Del
Salto in honor of the Virgin of Mercy is the patron saint of haberles care eruption
of Cotopaxi Volcano. And the second is in the month of November, which is the
tourist; this parade is held by the inhabitants of the city each year to remember their
independence.
42
The characters of the Mama Negra are:

Mama Negra: is the main character. He is a man dressed as a
woman with typical and colorful robes, his face and hands painted black,
mounted on a white horse decorated with various colors. He carries in his
left hand loaded to a black doll named "Baltazara" which is his daughter.
And in his right hand carries a "spark" that is full of milk and water, which
is squeezing and releasing all viewers.

The Huacos: they are characters that represent an act of
purification, purging viewers. They dress in white entirely and use a white
mask with colored lines. Clean is a breath of drink, a dip in cigarette smoke
and the invocation of the Imbabura and Chimborazo Carihuairazo
elevations.

The Ashangas: husbands are known as Black Mama. They
loaded roast pork and decorated with guinea pigs, chickens and colors that
will be tasted during the party.

The Camisonas: are men who wear long dresses of different
colors almost transparent, with women wigs and carrying in his hand a whip
using it to scare viewers and make way for the parade.

The Allullera: a woman who is throwing allullas viewers.
The allulas are kind of hard bread typical of the city.

The Angel of the Star: This is an added character because of
the religion brought by the Spaniards. Its mission is to protect the party to
end. He is dressed all in white wearing a crown and a golden star and
decorated mounted on a white horse.

El Rey Moro: This character represents the rulers of the land.

The Bearer: a character who marches with a group of soldiers
and carries a rainbow flag representing indigenous.
43

Captain: character dressed in military uniform and represents
the largest prioste.

The Yumbos: are dancers who are dressed as Indians of
Eastern and carry chonta spears and parrot feathers.
In Latacunga are some tourist places like Cotopaxi Volcano, The Bowling,
the historic center, the Monastery of Tilipulo, Mills Montserrat, among others.
The typical dish of the city is the Chugchucaras, is a dish consisting of
popcorn, toast, cheese pies, fry, potatoes and hides. Like the famous cheese
wrapped in a sheet of atsera, and allullas made with flour, yeast, butter and other
ingredients comprising flavor touch secrecy.
SALCEDO
This city is known thanks to the frozen fruit, machica and pinol.
Ice cream: By 1950, the difficult economic situation of the Franciscan
community of Canton Salcedo, and longing for better days, inspired the nun Rosa
Maria Duran to make the now famous ice Salcedo, initially known by the public as
the CREAM OF THE NUNS. This Franciscan nun known for their culinary skills,
conjugated perfectly natural ingredients such as milk, fruit and sweeteners
prodigious cotopaxense area in the center of the country to result in a very delicious
product that was soon acquired notoriety across Salcedo. The ice cream was made
nuns within the convent, and sold by a window, because in those years the nuns
sheltered from external temptation. Acceptance forced the nuns who saw the need
to bring the product to the consumer by means of a peddler named Jose Medina,
aka "Joseph Trrutrra". This important character, wearing on their backs a large
44
wooden box containing ice cream inside, and its unique spark walked streets, roads
and trails shouting "ICE CREAM MILK OF THE NUNS"
Pinol: The business venture was founded by Rafael Emilio Madrid to
observe that people ate small pieces of brown sugar to mitigate the fatigue caused
by everyday agricultural activities and long walks, so he was born the great idea as
economic and craft crush panela then it mixed with Machica and thereby gain a
better taste and smell making getting a delicious and nutritious mixture to which he
gave the name of PINOL, same as at present is consumed by people all over the
world for its high nutritional value and is only produced in this Ecuadorian corner.
Practically this city is passing between the province of Cotopaxi and
Tungurahua.
The full name of the city is San Miguel de Salcedo, in honor of San Miguel
is the patron of the city. It is a Panzaleos land, untamed, bloodthirsty people who
for many years stopped the invasion of Tupac Yupanqui to the Kingdom of Quito,
Pillahuasu led to the age of the Incas achieved their goal-directed Huina Capac,
consolidating it with a number of marriages including that of a close family Hati
Huina Inca Capac with Shuasanguil Pillahuasu boss's daughter. Agriculture and
livestock are the main activities of the town.
It has large mining construction materials such as: foundation stone, sand,
granule, clay, lime, pumice and púshig; is why in this area are dedicated to making
tombstones for cemeteries. Crops that are practiced on a larger scale are: potatoes,
corn, wheat, barley, peas, beans, bean, lentil, quinoa, vegetables and fruits. The land
is suitable for cultivation of medicinal and ornamental plants, especially carnations,
geraniums and roses. In dry lands are cacti and cabuyas. North of the city in
Rumipamba sector is the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agronomy and
Veterinary Central University.
45
PANZALEO
They are settled in the central part of Interandean alley in the southern part
of the province of Cotopaxi, in the following cantons: Latacunga, La Maná, The
Pangua, Pujilí, Salcedo, Saquisilí and Sigchos. Generally do the feast of Corpus
Cristi, which act recovering dancers dress and dances of native peoples. They use
indigenous musical instruments like the churo, flute, prowler, horn, pingullo, harp
and violin. Its main economic activities are linked to agriculture, livestock, crafts
and education. In agriculture, the most important products are corn, barley, wheat,
potatoes, onions, and garlic mellocos. For the provincial and national market are
raising sheep, pigs, and cattle. The community work is done by mingas also
reproduce the community and solidarity spirit of the people.
YAMBO LAGGON
It is known as the "enchanted lake" because there are many legends that go
around it.
Is alluvial also has formed due to the presence of underground springs in the
middle of birthing waters are quiet green in the amount of algae that live there. The
lake has an area 1,100 meters long by 290 wide. Despite its size it is a small lake
that is surrounded by greenery dry climate such as cactus, eucalyptus and cabuyas;
on the shores of the lake are reeds that are used by the people there to feed their
cattle and for crafts. You can see small fishes, herons, partridges and ducks.
On the way is Cunchibamba, which is an area devoted to agriculture, such
as crops of onion and beet more and livestock.
46
Entering the province of Tungurahua, in the Santa Cruz aka Wholesaler can
spot the Tungurahua Volcano.
TUNGURAHUA PROVINCE
The province is located in the central part of the country, making it the focal
point of trade between the three natural regions. The capital city is Ambato. The
province consists of interest recognized worldwide as are bathrooms for its
waterfalls and proximity to the Amazon region. The craftsmanship is very evident
in the area as is the case where Salasaca Pelileo and manuals and all crafts are made
jeans.
Tungurahua is purely agricultural, and highlighting the flowers and fruits
through the climate is suitable for the planting and cultivation of these products.
The most important agricultural products of the province are potatoes, red onion,
bean, beans, lettuce, corn, tomatoes and a variety of fruits including: claudia, peach,
tangerine, apple, blackberry, pear starter (guaytambo) etc.
As for the most important holidays in this province is the Feast of Flowers
and Fruits of Ambato held in February and March at Carnival time where several
parades, processions and bullfights are performed.
The cantons of the province are:

Ambato

Baños

Cevallos

Mocha

Patate
47

Pelileo

Píllaro

Quero

Tisaleo
TUNGURAHUA VOLCANO
It has an altitude of 5,029 m.s.n.m (16.499 feet). Located in the Eastern
Range in the Patate Hoya and Chambo in the province of Tungurahua.
Tungurahua means Tungur "throat" and rauray "ardor", the name means
"sore throat". It is a stratovolcano is still active; its last eruption was in this year,
causing damage to the environment and the population.
Due to the volcanic activity of the volcano's glaciers have melted in the
winter times could see but in small quantities. The eruptions of this volcano are
strombolean type, they are explosive and intermediate times of calm.
At the foot of the volcano is the city of Baños, this being the most affected
by the eruptions. The flora is represented by species: chuquiragua pad, achupalla,
glue sticks, alder, bromeliads, myrtle, pumamaqui, frailejones, bilberries, motilón,
orchids, paper tree, pussy and rosemary. As for the wildlife there are rabbits, wolves
moor, puma, spectacled bear, cervicabras, frogs, sacha cuy, moose, hedgehog, hare,
deer, swallows, pigeons, blackbirds, quililicos, chirotes, condors, hummingbirds,
silversmiths, tiles , hawks, eagles, among others.
48
PILLARO
The real name is Santiago de Pillaro. It is located at an altitude of 2,803
meters (9.196 feet), and has an average temperature of 13 ° C. Apples, fruit and
potatoes are the main crops. The population of this town is of 40.000 people
approximately. Its climate is diverse modified by altitude; so, moors and mountains
rains and snows often bitterly cold. In plateaus or sub-moors, rainfall is lower.
Located in the region of Equatorial mesodermal climate, the annual average is 13 °
C to 14 ° C. The main economic activity of the canton is livestock production that
surpasses the hundred thousand liters, also the fertility of the land give rise to a
large production of vegetables, legumes, cereals and an extraordinary variety of
fruits. The harness is another activity in which mounts Galapagos, lumps, reins,
arretrancas, girths, stirrups, pellones, guruperas, among other types are made. In
1949 here was an earthquake which destroyed the canton and other places around.
Píllaro city characterized by large indigenous uprisings, has caused all
historical information is gone. In the survey conducted in 1898, where Indians fell
upon the city, robbing stores selling groceries and clothing. They also looted the
municipality and the Plaza San Juan started a fire and threw it all old and from that
time he possessed the council documents, the Political Government, the
Commissioners, Courts, etc. Valuable documents were reduced to ashes, thus losing
Píllaro history. This is the reason why we have not a document attesting from when
the party started. Several researchers have tried to find the true origin of the festival,
which give many interpretations depending on the people and the place where the
investigation has been completed. Some hypothesis about the festivity are:

At the beginning of the New Year, which coincides with the
feast of innocent people Píllaro believe the sky opens and perform a ritual.
They think that this practice gives them strength and supernatural powers;
dress up and wear a mask resembling the character they most fear, dance to
taunt, thinking that having control over the evil.
49

The first inhabitants of the Republic of Bolivia, especially
high source were mitimae roamed throughout the Americas, many left for
the south and north. Surely some group must settle in what is now part of
the canton Píllaro, there is the coincidence of the weather, the dance of the
devils and the similarity in the colors of their flags.

On the Feast of Fools held from December 28 to January 6
of each year, the people of the villages and communities, formed a troupe
and are a band of people danced through the main streets of Canton,
accompanied by the guarichas, Capariches and Diablo, the same who was
responsible for opening step with her twitch for such parade procession.
Note that the devil was not the main character in this parade.
The Diablos of Píllaro is now a popular celebration in the last decade has
grown and whose duration exceeds eight hours. This has nothing to do with religion,
hence the church does not participate in the celebration.
The Devils are popular characters of this party, who wear special clothing
which take much time and effort. Their masks are handcrafted, its main base is a
mold made block of land that are stuck layers of CAUCHE paper soaked in glue, is
left in the sun to acquire a hardness and then to add horns and teeth different animals
such as goats, deer, sheep, bulls, etc. Complement the allusive disguise the twitch
or whip, chili or many of the animals either dead or dissected, causing fear viewers
cases.
AMBATO
In the road are white tents, in this sector there are not for flowers, there are
especially for tomato, tree tomato, celery, pepper, cucumber. Outside is easy to find
due the ground corn and vegetables like lettuce, broccoli, radish, garlic, onion,
chard, spinach, beet, etc.
50
Ambato has a population of 287.282 people. It area is of 999.1 km2. It
climate is dry temperate between 12 and 19 degrees. It altitude is of 2577 m.s.n.m.
It has a very irregular topography. Volcanoes, mountains, plains, valleys
that are very lavish for agricultural activity in the case of Ambato River.
The Ambato Industrial Park is a big place where are located companies that
share this space. In this case are Bioalimentar that make food for chickens, puppies
and kitties; Servientrega that is the central place for shipments around all the
country; and Plasticaucho where people make leather shoes, sneakers, rubber boots,
carpets and foamy.
It is the capital of the province of Tungurahua. It is also known as the
"Cradle of the Three Juanes", "Tierrita Linda", "Phoenix of Ecuador",
"Cosmopolitan City", "Earth Tenderness", "Garden of Ecuador" and "City of
Flowers, Fruit and Bread" . In Ambato most of the commercial movement of the
center of the country is concentrated, therefore generates large loans to the region
and the country. The city was destroyed several times by earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions. The last such event occurred on August 5, 1949 an earthquake with its
epicenter in the city of Pelileo, in the area known as Chacauco, affected almost
entirely Ambato. Thanks to the tenacity of its people, the city managed to get up
again in less than two years. In honor of this fight, is held every year the Festival of
Flowers and Fruits, in the days of Carnival. Significantly, this party is oblivious to
the celebration of Carnival, the Festival of flowers and fruits has transcended
borders and is today one of the most important holidays of Ecuador.
It is called the cradle of the "three Juanes" because here were born three
illustrious writers. Juan Montalvo, a writer of liberal political journalism; Juan Leon
Mera, essayist, novelist, politician and painter, wrote the National Anthem of
Ecuador; and Juan Benigno Vela, political writer based on liberal principles.
51
Ambato it has the master distribution center in the midwest when it concerns
food from different parts of the country, since it has the wholesale market, this
center is distributed to other retail markets of the city, province, and almost entirely
to Amazon.
Another industry that is based in Ambato is the metal-mechanical industry
dedicated to the manufacture of mass transit vehicles. Other industries that are vital
to the industrial development of the city are textile, food processing, glass,
automotive, among others.
The leather work made by artisans, is highly coveted country level.
Quisapincha is one of these places. Made products such as sweaters, handbags,
wallets, hats, belts and shoes. Every Tuesday, Sunday and Monday at night in the
Juan Cajas square, all the artisans carry their shoes to sell it.
The cultivation is an activity that the city do. Especially fruits like apple,
babaco, tangerine, grapes, peach, uvilla, claudia, pears, among others.
Montalvo Park: It was built from 1905-1911 in the former Plaza Matriz.
The monument is located in the center of the park was developed in Italy with the
support of the government of Eloy Alfaro. Consists of two figures. The first is Juan
Montalvo made of bronze and the other is the Genius of Montalvo made of marble.
Cevallos Park: It is the second place that was built in the city in 1940. Its
name is due to the historian Pedro Fermín Cevallos.
In the city of Ambato came the first printing press arrived at the current
Ecuadorian territory in 1755 brought from Europe by the Jesuits, it was one of the
earliest existing in South America. In the city is a monument which represents the
print made of aluminum.
52
Cathedral Church: Maintains a modern style because its construction was
completed in 1954, after the original made of volcanic stone, as it was affected by
the earthquake of 1949. Inside is the image of the Elevation Virgin with the Divino
Niño.
Santo Domingo Church: His old building was destroyed by an earthquake
in 1949. It is Gothic. In the front an image of Santo Domingo is shown.
Medalla Milagrosa Church: It is made of volcanic stone between 1902
and 1920. Its construction was shown as a jewel of the city.
Pinllo Church: It houses the statue of Lord of Consuelo, whose image was
made in Rome, donated to Ambato and then Pinllo. Despite the earthquake the
image remained intact, so people think it is divine protection.
Juan Montalvo home and Mausoleum: Here Juan Montalvo was born in
1832. It was also hosting military, politicians, friends and family. In 1988 this house
was converted into a museum to keep the thought and work of Montalvo. In the
Mausoleum is the embalmed body of him.
Montalvo hacienda: It is located in Ficoa. He was one of the most beloved
places of Juan Montalvo, that he wrote many of his works and was political and
spiritual refuge for him.
Juan León Mera Museum: These was the place that this character lived
with his wife and his 13 children. The house dates from 1874. Built of adobe houses
and writings, paintings, and photos of this character.
53
MOCHA
Mocha's population since its inception was inhabited by Panzaleos who
worshiped the Chimborazo, Tungurahua and Carihuairazo. Before the invasion of
the Incas Ecuadorian territory, the people who sat in Mocha Panzaleo showed great
resistance on several occasions but in 1486, the Incas successfully establish
themselves in the territory of Mocha rather than fighting for the marriage he
contracted with Huayna Capac daughters of Punina, former Chief of Mochas.
Agriculture is a major activity in this sector, the land is fertile for growing
potatoes, paiteña onions, corn, beans, alfalfa, and guinea pigs, rabbits, among
others. For decades have highlighted the mochanas herds as the country's best and
that is why they are sought in different corners of the country.
One of the main attractions are the bulls of people, that they can be seen in
the festival of San Juan Bautista in the month of June.
Paradero Maria Diocelina
It offers a variety of dishes of the canton: leather like potatoes, roasted
guinea pig, beans and cheese, chicken broth, corn with leather, etc. It's a nice place
to relax, family distraction, photography and tasting.
Lava of the Carihuayrazo rout
There are a large number of natural attractions where you can have contact
with native flora and fauna and visit each of the existing waterfalls as: Loma Verde,
54
Calipiedra, and Acorraladera. It is possible to do trekking, panoramic view,
ecotourism, flora and fauna view.
LIDIA BULLS
They have an Iberian origin who became the Governor of Quito from the
Viceroyalty of New Spain transported by sea routes used to supply cattle to the
Viceroyalty of Peru; is believed that the port of Callao was landing, and from there
the conquistadors led north by the foothills of the Andes. Historical data confirm
that the arrival of a large number of cattle to Quito met the food needs of the
growing population. In fact, 1537 marks the first cattle were held indispensable task
for the growth of cattle herds.
The establishment, consolidation and growth of herds in those years was in
charge, especially the Jesuit priests who were able to perfect the farm as a
production model, becoming the largest landowners of the colony.
Those tasks reshaping of herds and choice of stallions got great initial
results; so much so that there was a significant improvement in the quality of the
products that had the founding irons.
Some farms were the basis of national bullfighting; He dealt their products
with mixed results across the national territory until the early seventies. The fight
of these models not only allowed the consolidation of Quito Bullfighting cycle but
also led to a new cooling blood to have the seed of several Spanish bull pardoned
in equatorial ring.
55
In 1978, the national field bravo marked a turning point in its history: the
massive importation of cows and traditional Spanish stallions spigots determined
the emergence of the new herd bulls in Ecuador.
CHIMBORAZO PROVINCE
The province is known as "the province of the high peaks" because here the
largest rise throughout Ecuador, Chimborazo, from which comes the name of the
province is located. The capital city is Riobamba. It is surrounded by the river
Canchán and Chambo. The hydrography of the province is complemented
Ozogoche lake complex, consisting of several lakes that give rise to Chambo River.
Another major gap is the Colta lagoon, which is characterized by abundant
vegetation of cattails.
The cantons of the province are:

Alausí

Colta

Cumandá

Chambo

Chunchi

Guamote

Guano

Pallatanga

Penipe

Riobamba
56
The population is mainly engaged in agriculture; because of the diversity of
climates in this province there are a variety of products such as cereals and legumes,
the main corn products, barley, potatoes, wheat, sweet pea, lentil, red onion, garlic,
bean tender and melloco of cold and temperate climate. In the subtropics coffee,
cacao, cassava, banana, sugarcane and fruits, especially citrus occurs. Other
activities of the provincial economy is livestock, deposits of silver, copper, gold,
marble, iron, limestone and brimstone, crafts, beekeeping, making tiles and bricks.
Among the tourist attractions of the province can mention the most
important ones are the Chimborazo volcano, Railroad route, the Devil's Nose in
Alausí, Colta lagoon, Riobamba, the town of Guano, etc.
URBINA
The train station Urbina, in the canton Guano, is one of the highest points of
the entire railway of Ecuador located at 3600 m.s.n.m (11.811 feet). This is part of
the circuit called Tren ice, and included a wide range of services is provided. The
site was built with the aim of presenting to the community and visitors' own crafts
of the area, such as gloves, coats, scarves made from alpaca, among other products.
These items are made by women in the sector, grouped to manufacture and market
to tourists. Moreover, several local men made ivory nut, like key chains and
ornaments, which are acquired by travelers by way of souvenir.
The station was built in 1906, its purpose was to serve as a transfer station
and was built on the highest point of the railway line. At the station worked
telegraph office, which inhabited the telegraph and occasionally spent the night
staff working there. Today it is a little haven for tourists.
Shelter for hikers: About animals in this zone are alpacas, llamas and their
young the guarizos. The alpaca is shortness than the llama, the alpaca is not a pack
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animal and the llama it is. It is common to eat llama meat but not from the alpaca.
The llama can live up 5000 meters because their lungs can do it but the alpacas
can’t. Other notable difference is the ears, in the case of the llama these are large,
lobed, upright and well established in the head, in the case of the Alpaca's are small
and are constantly falls, because the inner cartilage of his ears easily fracture and is
not regenerated.
Here are a lot of representative flora from the Andes. First is the guanto,
called “sweet dreams” this is a beautiful flower like a trumpet but it has
scopolamine, that is an alkaloid used in medicine to make sleeping pills.
Unfortunately some people use this plant for doing evil from other people and make
them lose their conscience. Indigenous women put the leaves of this flower under
the beds of the kids for they sleep better.
The housing are made of “bahareque”, that is a mix of soil, and animal
waste, when it is dry it becomes very strong. People also used carrizo for make the
shape of the house and straw for the roof. Inside the house are guinea pigs, this is
usually because these animals are pets and part of the diet in the mountains, that’s
why people have a lot of these. It has a second floor called “soberado”, most of the
time is for sleep but in this case is a kitchen so it is for keep the grains. It was usual
to build the houses with a circular form, it is to keep energies, and it represents
sharing with the family.
Tagua is a fruit of a type of palm, it is dry and has the consistence of a
vegetable. It grows in the tropical moist forest especially in Ecuador, Panamá and
Colombia. With this fruit people can make handicrafts to sell. In Ecuador, the
species used for obtaining tagua is Phitelephas aequatorialis, which exists in the
subtropical area between the Andes and the Coast especially in the province of
Manabi to an altitude of approximately 1500 meters.
Ancient people made holes in the ground to raise guinea pigs. They put a
couple of this animals and every day throw food, in 40 or 45 days they were more,
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inside are caves made by the guinea pigs to protected them from the cold. Here
exists 80 species of plants between calceolarias, orchids, bomareas, ericaceae (it is
epifita it means that grows in the trees, in this case they were planted by hand but
they are adapted and now lives very well), rabbit ears (from the same family of the
frailejones), fresh oregano, arrayán (in this climate it doesn’t grow normally that’s
why here has 8 years and it is a little one. It is the emblematic tree of Quito and
smells like lemon. It exists from the 3000 meters down), chuquiragua, mortiño,
bromelias or guaycundos (these are from the cloud forest), pollylepis or paper tree
(here are 4 of the 6 species of pollylepis around Ecuador), kishuar (God tree), piquil
(that is growing taller in the Carihuairazo), achupallas, grosellero (it grows very
high in the Chimborazo before arrive to the snow), shulala (it is from the family of
the potatoes, so it is possible to eat). Here is a microclimate, because the owner
plant trees for protect the little plants from the weather.
It this days it is not common the agriculture, it is very risky, because if it
falls frost everything dies; so people decided to work with livestock because it is
most save and families can collaborate. In this height is possible to plant potatoes,
barley, and beans. Below it is possible to plant carrots, chochos, quinoa, mellocos,
ocas.
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CHIMBORAZO WILDLIFE RESERVE
It was created in 1987. It is located in the provinces of Chimborazo,
Tungurahua and Bolivar, with an area of 58560 hectares. The objectives of the
reserve are:

Maintain ecosystem resources moor and Puna.

Caring for the natural habitat of camels as: vicuñas, llamas,
alpacas for breeding and promotion of valuable species linked to our cultural
identity.

Establish the necessary infrastructure to develop tourism and
research of these ecosystems.

Improve the quality of life of people who make use of these
resources.
In 1979 an agreement for the recovery and management of the vicuña was
established as being endemic need to preserve, and the highlands of Chimborazo
are suitable for keeping. The vegetation in the Reserve of Chimborazo Fauna
Production, is composed of species of herbaceous type with sporadic presence of
small shrubs and has four life zones: Upper Montane Evergreen Forest, Herbaceous
moor, moor Dry Gelidofitia.
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"El Arenal" Paramo Seco Reserve is the only one in Ecuador and is
considered a "Puna" semidesert and desert moor, where vegetation mostly in xeric.
CARIHUAIRAZO VOLCANO
Its altitude is 5,020 m.s.n.m (16.469 feet) . It belongs to the Western Range
in the Patate Hoya province of Tungurahua. It is an extinct volcano. Its main peak
is called Josephine and second Mocha. Its name means cari "man" hauaira "wind"
and razu "snow", ie "wind chill macho".
Legend Carihuairazo Chimborazo fought for the love of Mama Tungurahua,
and lost, which is why the crater is headed. It is very popular with mountain
climbers seeking a bit more adventure, because it is a relatively strong rise and
allowing for proper acclimatization to later attack higher and difficult peaks
although there is an ascent without strong winds or snowfall.
Here live many animal species among which are: the spectacled bear,
Andean condor, duck, curiquingue, hummingbirds, moorland fox, deer, rabbits, and
others. It is very likely on the way to meet the condor. It is surrounded by
chuquiraguas, reeds, pads, achupallas, moss and decorated with exotic flowers.
CHIMBORAZO VOLCANO
It has an altitude of 6,310 m.s.n.m. It is in the western mountain range, in
the Patate and Chambo Hoya in the province of Chimborazo.
For Ecuador this point is the "closest to the sun" as being the highest
elevation is farther from the center of the earth. The top of the volcano is completely
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covered with glaciers, which serve the same vital fluid to the provinces of
Chimborazo and Bolivar. The Chimborazo glacier has decreased in recent decades,
apparently by the combined influences of climate change, the ash product of recent
volcanic activity of Tungurahua and El Niño.
From the glaciers of Chimborazo some residents of the province have
benefited going to take the ice in order to sell it to them are known as "hieleros del
Chimborazo" and do one of the traditional drinks of Riobamba the "broken necks"
it is fruit juice with this ice.
In 1802 scientist Alexander von Humboldt with Aime Bonpland and the
Ecuadorian Carlos Montúfar attempted to climb to the summit but due to the
discomfort felt at the height of the cooling air could not reach, despite that they
were the first to arrive at higher altitudes than others.
In terms of the best known plants are ferns, pillows, gentians, the
Chuquirahua, architect, chocho Flower, achupallas, mosses and lichens. The
outstanding wildlife is typical of the moor, mainly represented by dwarf deer,
llamas, vicuñas, deer, small rabbits, mice marsupial wolves moor cervicabra.
Among the birds that are usually seen are the hummingbirds white chest,
long beak and long tail, the curiquinges, piggy or common harrier and King Andean
condor, there are the animals introduced by humans as sheep, llamas, vicuna and
horses.
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RIOBAMBA
City located in the center of Ecuador. Founded in 1534 by Diego de
Almagro. The first foundation of the city was near the Colta Lagoon, but an
earthquake destroyed and moved into the village today. It is the capital of the
province of Chimborazo. Known for tourism as "The Sultan of the Andes". It has a
population of 270.000 people approx. the surface is 990 km2; and its altitude is of
2750. It was destroyed by an earthquake in 1797 and reestablished in 1799. It was
the scene of some important to the country as the first Constituent Congress, the
first radio station events. Many riobambeños characters proclaimed the political
emancipation of the Government of Spain on November 11, 1920.
Its historic center looks Republican, neoclassical buildings, temples and
monuments. It is the birthplace of people like the geographer Pedro Vicente
Maldonado, who was involved with the French Geodesic Mission in measuring the
meridian arc and find out what the exact shape of the earth. And the historian Juan
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de Velasco, who has provided accurate data on the country's history from
prehistoric times.
The climate of the city is temperate cold. Typical dishes may be mentioned
hornado, salt juice and rompenucas. The ideal place to taste these dishes is the
Mercado de la Merced, where there is variety and flavor.
About the most important markets in the city, there are: Pedro de
Lizarzaburo (San Francisco), La Merced, Plaza Roja, la Condamine, la Concepcion,
San Alfonso, Santa Rosa.
The principal churches in this city are: Basílica Sagrado Corazón de Jesús,
San Felipe Church, Sacrilegio chapel, Concepcion church, La Marced church, San
Alfonso church, San Antonio church, la Dolorosa church.
The Concepcion Church: The history of the Monastery and Church of the
Immaculate Conception dates back to 1605. The order was consolidated in almost
two hundred years until the earthquake of 1797 destroyed the building, killed half
of the community and led to the exile of survivors to the Convento Carmen in Quito.
On December 8, 1890 the church of the Monastery caught fire and the roof
disappeared; thanks to the intervention of the inhabitants of Riobamba could
prevent the disappearance of the rest of the cloister and the effigies of Lord of Good
Fortune and the Immaculate. Urgently build a new temple, Gothic, that exists today
began. The town of Riobamba and neighboring parishes attended for a while
hauling stones and other materials for the work.
The First Constitution of Ecuador: After the disintegration of the Great
Colombia, the May 12, 1830, the Southern District passed to form a new nation
under the name Republic of Ecuador. According to the minutes of Quito from May
13 of that year, the range of provisional president was entrusted to Gral. Juan José
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Flores, with broad powers to the organization of the new state. Congress moved to
the Convent of the Holy Rosary Minor Order of Dominicans, current Maldonado
College in the center of the city of Riobamba, under the chairmanship of Mr. José
Fernández Salvador; and very quickly appointed a committee to prepare the draft
constitution that would give birth to the new legal status of Ecuador.
The first Radio in Ecuador: It was the heyday that has Riobamba from
their resettlement in 1799. In the years between 1900 and 1930, which formed the
village, they developed a series of high quality activities at all levels: urban, literary,
musical, sports, banking, industrial. Among the most significant works on culture
and communication should be placed the creation of the Broadcasting Station "El
Prado" whose protagonist was the Ing. Carlos Cordovez Borja. According to
researcher Mario Godoy, the date of the first issue of testing was the February 27,
1925, and the first regular issue was the June 13, 1929. It was the strongest station
in South America in the 30s. For crystallization of this project used the knowledge
gained in their training, the equipment he had purchased abroad, the economic
resources available, and the time required. The main motivation was to use
broadcasting technology to serve the country and spread to all continents artistic
richness of Ecuador. Also wanted to contribute to the establishment of good
relations with neighboring countries.
Sucre Park: This park was inaugurated in 1924 by the College Maldonado
and the Plaza de Santo Domingo. The building is now known as the College
Maldonado, ran the church of Santo Domingo, this place is important because in
1830 the members of the First Constituent deputies met to create the Republic of
Ecuador in 1830. The school is one of the most important educational institutions
in the country.
The Neptune Pool located in the center of the park, with a chance of using
the drinking water in the city in 1913. Neptune is located here as the god of water
and sea. The image was brought from France.
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The Leon Theatre was built in the 20s, is owned by a wealthy landowner
and man of letters, playwright and poet, Don Carlos Arturo Leon. Long served to
presentation of plays, then became a cinema, a condition in which it remains until
today.
The Provincial Council building was built in the 70s, under the direction of
architect Oswaldo Marino. The design and discrepancies caused reactions.
Post Office Building: The Post Office building is a symbol of Riobamba,
for its majesty and aristocratic details. The story of its construction is linked to what
has been defined as a chimera: the functioning of the Banking Society of
Chimborazo. In 1922, two banking institutions began operating in Riobamba. They
tried: Banco de los Andes and Banking Society Chimborazo. The second institution
is that, over the months, commissioned the construction of the magnificent building.
The Neptalí and Luca Tormen, brothers are those who built the building that has
become one of the most recognized and appreciated heritage city.
Maldonado Park: The Maldonado Park was the site of confluence of
political and religious powers. On April 1, 1909, the council and writer Alberto José
Donoso Council proposed to erect a monument to Maldonado and build a park with
the same name. From that moment the first apples of the village were drawn and,
around the most important buildings in the city were built Riobamba. Since 1980
has been made restoration and beautification of the park, according to the standards
of the time, making social activities center of the city. In the park there are four
beautiful pools forged in Europe in the previous century. They are located in the
center of each side of the park, on the eastern side you can see the Cathedral of
Riobamba. All the buildings surrounding the park are true landmarks such as the
building of the Municipality, has a neoclassical facade, large rooms and high court,
spacious corridors with ornate columns powerful and sober. Inside are two
auditoriums where riobambeños discuss matters of public interest.
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CALPI
Here the cattle fair, especially on Saturday, where people trade their animals
or can sell is made. It is a rural parish of the canton Riobamba. In most of the
population is poverty and lack of basic resources. In this situation people prefer to
go to Riobamba for find a job. Throughout the area broccoli, beans, cabbage, and
carrot occurs. On November they celebrate the festivities in honor of the saint
patron Santiago.
Cementos Chimborazo (Union Cementera Nacional)
It produces and sells cement of excellent quality, both nationally and
internationally. Received 86% of the shares of Cemento Chimborazo and 100% of
the shares of Industrias Guapán, which assumed all liabilities of the two companies.
The two production plants located in Azogues and Riobamba, in addition to the two
brands Chimborazo Cement and Cement Guapán that are positioned in their
respective markets will remain in operation. The areas where the product is
marketed are: Provinces of Chimborazo, Tungurahua, Cotopaxi, Pichincha and
eastern Ecuador, it is even exported to Peru and Colombia.
In the way is easy to find pea, potato, quinoa, broccoli, cabbage, carrot,
beans, beets, chicken manure from the coast, and the cows are for milk and meat.
All this products are send to Guayaquil and Cuenca.
COLTA
50% of the population in this province are pure indigenous, Puruhá.
Quechua speaking. They have two varieties of socio-political organization; the
council, and a sort of village committee where several leaders in the community.
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At present the basis of their livelihood is agriculture, but as production is limited,
people have also committed to migrate to larger cities. The production depends
heavily on the ground, for example in the upper parts grow potatoes, geese,
mellocos, barley and various types of onions; at low maize, wheat, squash, etc. parts
The male uses sandals, wide leg pants half light colored shirt with small collar,
poncho, hat with a round crown and medium brim. Women wear sandals, wide skirt
of wool, according to the community use a shawl fastened with tupu, long earrings,
and a similar male hat.
The people Puruhá is characterized by a variety of groups: Cachas, Coltas,
Lictos, Guamotes requiring a linguistic, historical and cultural study with the aim
of each group or people have their own self-identification. This group was
established in the Integration Period (5000-1500 AD), after the Paleoindian,
Formative and Regional Development, which are the periods in which it is divided
Prehistory of Ecuador. They live in houses of adobe, a mixture of water, soil and
animal droppings, along with reeds give way to housing, causing the roof of the
dwelling is thatched.
In the Unidad Nacional Av. are some statues, they are:

Condorazo: Puruhá king

Paccha: Shyri – Inca union

Juan de Velasco: Historian and humanist

Pedro Vicente Maldonado: Wise and geographer

Eloy Alfaro: Homeland identity

Manuel Naula Sagñay: First leader and professional quichua

Severo Escobar: Educator and poet
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Balbanera Church
It is the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary Balbanera. It is the first
Catholic Church built in Ecuador in 1534, at the time of the conquest. The
architecture baroque with details in high and low relief with motifs and inlaid Incan
figures merged, meaning that it was built with hand Spanish and indigenous labor.
To assemble the blocks a similar item that used to bind the stones Cañaris Ingapirca
was used. Despite its historical value is a well-known church.
Colta Lagoon
Is surrounded by various hills, where several indigenous communities. In
this area there is plenty of standing cattail plant that is used as food for pets, as well
as to make traditional crafts weaving the totora like mats, llamas, hats; on wildlife
can observe colorful fish and ducks are the most important long-legged, unique in
its kind that come from this place, for this reason they named the lake as duck or
Colta.
MUSIC
The music is the art of mix the sounds and express feelings and emotions. It
is like the painter works with colors, the writer with words, and the musician with
sounds. It is totally sure that people created music from the beginnings. The history
of the music starts with the Egyptian culture, because they used difficult instruments
like the harp.
The music was born with the human voice. The voice is a perfect sound, so
people discovered the music only mimicking the animal sounds like whistle,
clapping, and another objects to issue the sounds of the environment. For the
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indigenous the music is magic, because it calls the luck, move away the bad spirits,
calm the dead people, call to another people and other things.
INDIGENOUS MUSIC
Pre Columbian instrumental ensembles string instruments were not
included. Predominant wind instruments, a variety of whistles, flutes, panics, lures,
ocarinas, membranophones instruments, variety of drums; idiófonos, variety of
rattles, bells, bells, sticks chonta, and others.
Andean musical instruments also have a sacred symbolic dimension, a
social function, and religious. The human voice is a perfect and complex sound
demonstration externalized moods, for example, imitating birds whistling born.
The music of the aboriginal time in its infancy, certainly was rhythmic,
either because of the ease of building idiófonos (that not need other thinks to
produce sound), instruments or as the first music rhythm element that captures the
human ear.
Dance, sing, play a musical instrument, are characteristic of human
activities. The birdsong, rain, and wind filtering through the trees joined and offered
a fascinating and strange concert that brought the first settlers to a magical air
domain. The leaves of some plants also served and serve as musical instruments.
Among the varieties of leaves used for these purposes in the Andean region is
capulí, achira, orange, Catullus corn, lechero, palm branch, cat's claw, etc.
The music, from its inception, was "one element of the ritual part of the
whole", was present at the regular time every day, and overtime, party, ethnic rites
manor, the ayllu llacta, the people. The music, rather than artistic expression can be
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seen as "social phenomenon which varies according to the coordinates of space and
time."
NATIVE MUSIC RHYTHMS
1.
Yaraví: Its name comes from the Quechua word
aráwiy (Arahuina), which means it versifying; over time and was
evolving as the meaning of poetry arawi re-registered to a way of
love poetry; at no time admitted the admissions arawi eroticism
spills or despair. It is a rhythm that expresses the true feeling,
accompanied by pingullos, flutes and the human voice.
2.
Yumbo: Rhythm and pre-Hispanic dance, which
plays a tambourine and whistle. The Yumbo is the character who
dances this rhythm, wearing a prom dress with various colors, ornate
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feathered head and stuffed macaws, his body is covered with animal
skins and carrying a chonta spear in his hand.
3.
San Juanito: Precolumbian, binary 2/4 rhythm,
structured in a minor key, which some scholars say researchers
dance was born in San Juan de Ilumán, Otavalo. On the beat,
rhythmic variations and cultural exchanges during the time of
Tahuantisuyo origin is associated with a probable adaptation come
from huayno in the upper Peru. Undoubtedly San Juanito has
prehispanic highlighting here a degree of Inca influence brought
from Peru during the expansion of Tawantinsuyu.
4.
Tonada: It's a very happy musical rhythm played by
band, typical of all the festivals of indigenous and mestizo people.
Its name derives from the word tone, and to hear a tune is essential
to have a guitar.
5.
Dancing: Considered the National Rhythm of
Ecuador, pre-Columbian cheerfully melancholy melody and rhythm.
According to musicologists is a unique combination that denotes the
feeling of the Ecuadorian indigenous. He currently plays with the
mix of traditional instruments of Ecuador as the prowler, pingullo,
mandolin, bagpipes, add to these foreign instruments such as guitar,
flute, drums, panpipes, etc. even with electronic instruments giving
it a touch of modernity and stylization.
NATIVE MUSIC INSTRUMENTS
1.
Rondador: It is an instrument that represents happiness.
Every peasant house has a rondador there. It is like the famous “panpipe”.
The pastors bring it to warm the moor. The size depends on the situation.
The person who make the rondador, gives a poetic image when is easy to
identify the real love.
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2.
Paya: This is a typical instrument for the indigenous in
Ecuador. It is an air instrument made of 7 o 8 tubes. It is an easier instrument
to make, so it is very common to teach how to play it to the youths. It is
made of carrizo, which could find in fairs.
3.
Pingullo: It is an exclusive instrument for indigenous. It is
made of bamboo from the Tungurahua volcano by the beginnings.
4.
Quena: This instrument was important in 1960, when
popular groups appear. It has something special so it is the favorite
instrument for the communities.
SAN JUAN
The origin and foundation of San Juan was in the XVII century. The original
name was Pissicaz Capilla Ayushca. Was considered a marginal place of the Calpi
parish bellowing to Guano. It name is because the Spanish people brought an image
of San Juan (Guardian of Chimborazo) in a peregrination to the “El Obraje
Ñucapac” hacienda, today is Ñucata.
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GUANO
To arrive in Guano, are: black and white cabuya, corn, alfalfa, weeds,
cabbage, cherry tree, lemon, apple, claudia, peach, potato, peas, orange, pepper,
bees, red and white mallow, cattail.
It is divided in 2 urban parishes and 9 rural parishes. Guano has a population
of 42.000 approx. The weather is temperate like a valley. This canton represents the
7% of the territory of Chimborazo. It is located of 2.530 m.s.n.m (8.300 feet).
They were conquered by the Incas, becoming part of Tahuantinsuyo. In
colonial times, Guano was a center of mills, which meant the cause of a high
Aboriginal mortality, because tradition of obraje: those who entered there did not
come back out. Guano means "the great, the majestic and abundant".
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Lluishi hill and the Monolitos prom
It is a rocky formation of volcanic origin. It consists of 327 steps called "Via
Crucis", to the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes. Around the hill several carved in
stone made by Felipe Reinoso in 1946 figures are observed; these are the face of
the Inca, the figure of a fish, and a jar.
Architectural ruins Convento de la Asunción
They are the remains of the great Franciscan church built at the beginning
of the colony, which contains two carved stone sculptures and a font that belonged
to the Convent of the Assumption. The great architectural structure of the walls,
which can distinguish several religious paintings is observed, in one of which you
can see the hole where the mummified remains of the monk Lazarus Santofimia,
guardian of the convent, which was extracted buried in the earthquake of 1649.
Museum of the City
The museum has 6 rooms of the environment of the canton, archaeological
pieces, the canton in the Colony, maps made in carpets, the mummy and a loom.
The main room is the Mummy. He was San Lázaro de Santofímia, the first guardian
of the Asunsión Convent; dates from the years 1565 and 1572. Actually he is a glass
case.
It festivities is celebrate every December 20 with different things like
parades, food, parties, mass, and others. About the most important activities is the
carnival, festivities in honor to La Virgen del Carmen and María Inmaculada every
December 8, and the end of the year.
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La Matriz church
It was built between 1812 and 1820; but in 1921 suffered a major fire. In
1985 was finished it restoration. Inside the church is the image of La Virgen del
Carmen, the altar of El Niño de la Cruz since 1930. It festivities are celebrate every
year on July 16.
Carpets
Men and women make a craft, design follow a path previously on paper,
woven with rudimentary tools on urdiembres cotton and woolen yarns of different
colors.
Leather crafts
Craftsmen manufactured shoes, sweaters, hats, bags, wallets, belts, wallets,
and everything that has to do with the leather. Originally everything was produced
by hand but now the factories are more elaborate.
Leather: They buy 50 or 500 leathers in the Camal, where animals are
killed. The leather has to be without hair. The factory has the wet and the dry part.
In the wet part in the tanks they put lime for quit impurities of the leather. After
that, it goes to the drum 1 to be washing and rinsing. Then it be drain and go to the
scraper, it gives the thickness to the leather. The thickest leather is for belts and
bags. Then the leather goes to the drum 3 for take the color. The chrome is the most
important chemical which gives hardness and firmness to the leather. This chemical
cause pollution, but the company has a wastewater treatment, so they put 75% of
recyclable chrome and 25% of a new one. Then the leather is hang out. The last
machine is an abatanadora, to make the leather softer. In the dry part is the
estacadora, is for stretch the leather for make jackets and shoes. This machine works
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with gas. Here are the tweezers to hold up the leather. The second floor is for make
the objects. The tool for measure the leather has squares, each square charge 1.25
dollars depends on the size. Here don’t through to the waste anything. The mold is
draw first in paper and then in cardboard, they are classified in sizes and models.
The factory works in maquila, it means that they give some job for employers to
their houses, to make people work and for don’t have a lot of people working in the
factory.
Fritada and chorizo
The preparation is special because only natural seasonings are added, garlic
and all the ingredients are ground stone to give an original flavor. The chorizo is
the traditional dish and served with potatoes cariuchas, mote, toasted, ripe banana
and lettuce. The traditional beverage is the “chichi huevona”, it is made of eggs,
beer, coca cola, sugar, alcohol (it is important to prevent harm to the stomach). The
“cholitas” are a bread with brown sugar inside.
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MUSIC BANDS
All guild, union, association, band, orchestra, ensemble; is a group of people
who interact and see themselves as a compact unit; through contact groups together
we learn to think, share and play instruments. The band of musicians for many
decades have been the groups that has been most widespread in Ecuador, thanks to
these groups music has been developed.
The troop of musicians, also known as the marching band, have been formed
since colonial times, specifically belonging to the militia groups. This format was
created to provide military, bullfighting orders, to communicate, to animate parties.
The instruments used were: drums, bugles, fifes, and trumpets. The decay of the
marching band came to the Republic, new musical instruments, and creating
harmony bands.
HARMONY BANDS
They were created in the early nineteenth century, these were subject to the
model of the French military school, which is why this century instruments and
creating new sounds mechanisms uses keys, pistons and plungers were refined.
Military music was entirely unknown in the country until 1818 when sound was
heard for the first time with the coming of Numancia battalion. The artisans,
peasants and young Ecuadorians were amateurs with music, gathered with military
bands to create new sounds and musical innovations, several of them even colonial
and related genres neighboring estate. Through retreats bands helped disseminate
new repertoires. In 1870 the first Municipal Band was formed in Riobamba.
The estudiantinas are popular music groups, composed of artisans, ladies of
the middle class or high society, neighborhood groups, church parishes,
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communities of workers, sororities, etc .; interpreted bandolas, bandolines and
guitars.
TUNGURAHUA PROVINCE
The capital city is Ambato, the province has an altitude of 2.577 m.s.n.m.
(8454 feet). The cantons of the province are:

Ambato

Baños

Cevallos

Mocha

Patate

Pelileo

Píllaro

Quero

Tisaleo
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It enjoys a mild climate and dry. The province is characterized by the
production of tubers, roots, vegetables, fruits and flowers. About industries the
provinces has footwear, leather, coachwork, clothing, textiles, clothing, furniture,
chemicals, food and beverage. For trades are clothing, electricity, footwear, crafts,
and leather.
Indigenous communities in Tungurahua
Salasacas
They are located between the city of Ambato and Pelileo. According to
Gonzales Suarez Salasacas are Mitimaes brought by the Incas from Lake Titicaca.
According to other historians themselve are native of Ecuador originating PuruháPanzaleo. They speak Quechua and Castilian. The mother is the foundation of the
family, so they have only the mother's surname. The highest authority is the mayor.
Its economy is based on agriculture and handicrafts, especially for its tapestries.
They house is divided into two sections: one is the square for the house in general,
and the other is round to the kitchen.
The male wears a white and a black poncho. Wearing pants to the ankles,
and a scarf with strong colors like pink and green, and a hat. The woman wears a
black blanket with a sustained tupu, have two types of anacos one black and one
white, embroidered blouse and ornaments such as necklaces and earrings (rin rin
hualcas).
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Chibuleos
They are located in Ambato canton, in the parish Juan Benigno Vela. They
are originating from Puruhá. They are organized by councils which are responsible
for maintaining the social order of the community. In the family, woman is
dedicated to control assets and education of children; men has the agricultural work,
selling products, farmers' organizations to participate in and fix up the house. They
are dedicated to growing crops such as medicinal plants, wheat, potatoes, and garlic.
Quisapinchas
It is located 12 kilometers west of the city of Ambato. Men wear red poncho
with black stripes and women embroidered blouses. Like all mountain villages of
Tungurahua whose main economic activity is agriculture; ancestrally was devoted
to consumption, but now most are destined for the market. The main agricultural
products are potatoes (some varieties), onions, garlic, beans, mellocos. The farming
system used is the association and crop rotation; crop association is related to
consumption, while crop rotation is associated with products for the market and is
combined with livestock activities. The main destination of livestock activities is
the market and eventually own consumption and festivities. At the weekends
Kisapincha parish, becomes the center of fashion and leather goods trade. The
skilled hands of artisans transform raw materials into genuine leather textile jewelry
that are available to all who visit this beautiful place. Its leather industry has become
a benchmark of local, national and international trade.
Pilahuines
Its official language is Kichwa, they keep their clothes, holidays and
traditions as well as the use of musical instruments themselves as pingullo, prowler,
huanca, horn. The knowledge is transmitted orally and practically. The political
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structure of the village Pilahuin is the first authority of any organizational bodies is
the Community Assembly, then the Governing Council will continue the
Community Cabildo, the Coordinating Council, and finally policies associations
and cooperatives.
TISALEO
In the way is the Puñalica hill. It is the limit between Mocha and Tisaleo. At
the top there are three crosses representing the French Geodesic Mission who were
making their measurements on this hill.
Tetadero de campo. Junior ice creams
Bullfights, horseback riding, camping, meeting room, and typical food
tasting. There are also delicious ice cream flavors, cone, cookie and cup. You can
see the process of elaboration.
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This entire area is agricultural as throughout the province, it is fertile land
for the production of flowers, fruits and some vegetables; such as chochos, quinoa,
potatoes, peas, beans, onions, mellocos, blackberry, strawberry, cherry, and various
kinds of flowers.
Artisans in this area are dedicated to making guitars, this is known as the art
of carpentry. They use alder wood which is the trade; but also made of pine, walnut
and cedar woods are more work and more difficult to get, but at the same time work
is more elaborate and expensive.
The stringed musical instruments are typical of developing the province.
Such is the case of the Canton Pillaro where guitars and harps are made.
PINLLO
The name is because in this sector there was a lot of plants called Lechero
or Pinllo currently this plants still exists but in smaller amounts. What stands out in
this sector is the food. The “gallinas cuyadas” are the main course. The secret of
this dish is to feed the chickens with morocho to grow strong, then they are cooked
with spices and charcoal. It's served with cooked potatoes and peanut sauce. Pinllo
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bread, is characterized by its mass is made with white flour and black flour and lard.
Many of the residents of this area have been devoted to making bread using ancient
recipes.
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CONCLUSIONS

Ecuador is a country that has many treasures that are hidden behind high
mountains, amid forests and in front of our eyes.

The Ecuadorian music has its origins from time we cannot imagine, that is
why it has so many transitions.

The imagination of our ancestors was so great that they were able to create
instruments and sounds that even today are indispensable.
RECOMMENDATIONS

It is important to show tourists both domestic and international, the true
essence of Ecuador, who have taken refuge in the culture of its people.

It would be important to promote tourism which corresponds to indigenous
communities throughout Latin America, as they have much to offer.
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ANNEXES
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ALTERNATIVE ROUTES
NOT CHOSEN ITINERARY “B”
DAY 1
5:00 am
Quito output
6:30 am
Breakfast in Latacunga
7:30 am
Transfer to Chambo
9:00 am
Visit and recreation in the hot springs of
Guayllabamba
10:30 am
Transfer to Riobamba
11:00 am
Arrive to Riobamba. Meet with the musical duo
Coronado Bonilla
12:30 pm
Lunch
13:30 pm
Transfer to Cubijies
14:00 pm
Arrive to Cubijies, land of musicians. Explanation
about Cubijies Band. Visit the workshops where do
the flying
15:30 pm
Transfer to Colta
16:10 pm
Arrive to Colta. Explanation of indigenous musical
groups, by Mr. Manuel Orozco and presentation of
the musical group Ensamble Andino
17:30 pm
Tour around the Colta Lagoon and explanation of
reeds and crafts with it
18:30 pm
Tranfer to Riobamba
19:00 pm
Arrive to Riobamba. City by night
20:00 pm
Arrive to Montercarlo Hotel
20:30 pm
Dinner
21:30 pm
Briefing and rest
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DAY 2
7:00 am
Breakfast
8:00 am
Transfer to Patate
10:00 am
Arrive to Patate. Tasting and explanation of the grape
chicha and pumpkin arepas by Mrs. Ximena Torres
11:00 am
Transfer to Ambato
12:00 pm
Arrive to Ambato. Lunch
13:00 pm
Transfer to Pillaro
13:40 pm
Visit the guitar workshop of Mr. Marco Robalino
14:40 pm
Transfer to Quito
16:40 pm
Arrive to Quito
This route was not chosen because the hours did not match those of the
people who were going to attend. And also because it doesn’t contains many topics
of music.
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NOT CHOSEN ITINERARY “C”
DAY 1
6:00 am
Quito output
7:30 am
Breakfast in Latacunga
8:30 am
Transfer to Píllaro
9:45 am
Arrive to Píllaro. Visit the guitar workshop of Mr.
Marco Robalino
10:45 am
Transfer to Salasaca
11:30 am
Arrive to Salasaca. Visit the Artisan Market
Llikakama and presentation of an own band in the
area
12:30 pm
Transfer to Ambato
13:00 pm
Lunch in Ambato
14:00 pm
Transfer to Tisaleo
14:30 pm
Visit the shop making guitars by Julio Ramirez,
weaklings, candies and ice cream in the area
16:30 pm
Transfer to Riobamba
17:00 pm
Arrive to Riobamba. Meet with the musical Duo
Coronado Bonilla
18:30 pm
Riobamba City by night
20:00 pm
Arrive to Montecarlo Hotel
20:30 pm
Dinner
21:30 pm
Briefing and rest
DAY 2
7:00 am
Breakfast
8:00 am
Transfer to Colta
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8:30 am
Visit Colta Lagoon Explanation of indigenous
musical groups, by Mr. Manuel Orozco and
presentation of the musical group Ensamble Andino
10:30 am
Transfer to Penipe
11:30 am
Arrive to Penipe. Visit the places where they make
all kinds of cheeses
12:30 pm
Lunch
13:30 pm
Transfer to Guano
14:30 pm
Arrive to Guano. Visit the carpet workshops and
tasting of cholitas
15:30 pm
Transfer to Quito
18:30 pm
Arrive to Quito
This route was not chosen because if we start the tour from the province of
Tungurahua and ended in the province of Chimborazo, becoming the longest and
tired return.
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MY COMPANY LOGO
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MY LETTER FOR TOURISTS
Dear tourist:
Welcome to Ecuador.
My name is Yamileth Gómez. I represent to ECO – SUR Travel Agency. I am
going to be your guide in this amazing tour.
I am very happy to receive you in my beautiful country. My only goal is that
you enjoy your stay in Ecuador.
I want to show the culture of my country to the world and I am pleased that
you will be the first to join with me this adventure.
Thanks for choosing our services
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Godoy Aguirre Mario & Cepeda Astudillo Franklin (2012). La Música
Ecuatoriana, Memoria local – Patrimonio Global. Una historia contada
desde Riobamba. Riobamba, Ecuador: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana
Benjamín Carrión, núcleo Chimborazo.

H. Gobierno Provincial de Tungurahua.

Tungurahua, Comité de Turismo.

GAD Municipales de los Cantones de las provincias de Chimborazo y
Tungurahua.

Ministerio de Turismo del Ecuador.

Dirección provincial de Turismo de Tungurahua y Chimborazo.

Revista Terra Incógnita. Murray Cooper (1999). El país de los picaflores.
INTERNET SOURCES

http://www.gadmriobamba.gob.ec/

http://www.quito.gob.ec/

http://panavial.com/quienes-somos-acerca-de-panamericana-vial-panavialquito-ecuador.php

http://www.policiaecuador.gob.ec/

http://educacion.gob.ec/

http://www.salud.gob.ec/
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