DEP Underwater Operations Manual
Version 2.2
UOM VERSION 2.2
March 2013
DEP UNDERWATER OPERATIONS MANUAL
Florida Department of
Environmental Protection
Division of
Administrative
Services
DEP Office of Safety and Loss Control
Department of Environmental Protection
3800 Commonwealth Boulevard, MS-60
Tallahassee, FL 32399
(Page Intentionally Blank)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
PAGE
FOREWORD......................................................................................................................................... v
SPECIAL NOTE .................................................................................................................................. vi
CHANGE RECORD .......................................................................................................................... vii
1.0 GENERAL PROVISIONS........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Coverage ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Authorized Diving Missions........................................................................................... 1
1.3 Management and Oversight ........................................................................................... 2
1.4 Unit Diving Safety Officer (UDSO)................................................................................ 5
1.5 Designated Diving Supervisor (DDS) ........................................................................... 6
1.6 Liability .............................................................................................................................. 6
1.7 Diving Definition .............................................................................................................. 7
1.8 DEP Diving........................................................................................................................ 7
2.0 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................. 8
2.1 General ............................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Evaluations and Examinations ..................................................................................... 10
2.3 Medical Evaluation and Statement .............................................................................. 11
2.4 Medical Requirements ................................................................................................... 11
2.5 Swim Evaluation............................................................................................................. 14
2.6 SCUBA Skills Evaluation............................................................................................... 14
2.7 Written Examination ...................................................................................................... 15
2.8 Open Water Evaluation ................................................................................................. 16
2.9 Additional Training Requirements .............................................................................. 17
2.10 Divers’ Logs................................................................................................................... 17
2.11 Maintaining, Requalification, Revocation, and Reinstatement.............................. 18
2.12 Specialized Diving and Equipment ........................................................................... 20
3.0 DIVE EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS ..................................... 23
3.1 Diving Equipment .......................................................................................................... 23
3.2 Maintenance Requirements .......................................................................................... 24
3.3 Air Quality Standards .................................................................................................... 25
3.4 Dive Tables ...................................................................................................................... 26
3.5 Dive Computers.............................................................................................................. 26
3.6 Support Equipment ........................................................................................................ 26
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4.0 PERSONNEL ASSIGNMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................. 28
4.1Titles, Duties, Responsibilities and Capabilities ......................................................... 28
4.2 Diving Safety Officer (DSO).......................................................................................... 28
4.3 Designated Diving Supervisor (DDS) ......................................................................... 29
4.4 Unit Diving Safety Officer (UDSO).............................................................................. 32
4.5 DEP Diver ........................................................................................................................ 32
4.6 Standby Diver ................................................................................................................. 34
5.0 OPERATIONS POLICIES AND PROCEDURES................................................................. 35
5.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 35
5.2 Underwater Operations Manual .................................................................................. 35
5.3 Planning and Assessment ............................................................................................. 35
5.4 Dive Team Briefing ........................................................................................................ 36
5.5 Termination of Dive ....................................................................................................... 37
5.6 Post Dive Procedures ..................................................................................................... 37
5.7 Hazards to Underwater Operations ............................................................................ 37
5.8 Underwater Hazardous Conditions ............................................................................ 38
5.9 Temporary Impairment ................................................................................................. 38
5.10 Inspection of Systems, Equipment and Tools .......................................................... 39
5.11 Hand Held Power Tools .............................................................................................. 39
5.12 Switches and Controls ................................................................................................. 40
5.13 Record Keeping ............................................................................................................ 40
5.14 Thermal Exposure ........................................................................................................ 40
5.15 Standby Diver Procedures .......................................................................................... 40
5.16 Reserve Breathing Gas Supply ................................................................................... 41
5.17 Communications .......................................................................................................... 42
5.18 DEP Record of Dives .................................................................................................... 42
5.19 Job Safety Analysis (JSA) ............................................................................................. 42
6.0 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS PROCEDURES ............................................................................ 44
6.1 Diving Procedures .......................................................................................................... 44
6.2 SCUBA Diving Limitations ........................................................................................... 44
6.3 Surface Supplied Diving................................................................................................ 44
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7.0 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ................................................................................................ 47
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 47
7.2 Emergency Action Plan ................................................................................................. 47
7.3 Emergency Communication Equipment..................................................................... 48
7.4 Emergency Qualifications of the Dive Team .............................................................. 48
7.5 Emergency Aid ............................................................................................................... 48
7.6 First Aid ........................................................................................................................... 49
7.7 Diving Emergency Management Protocol .................................................................. 51
7.8 Specific Emergency Conditions .................................................................................... 53
8.0. EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS ............................................................................................... 56
8.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 56
8.2 Equipment Procedures, Considerations and Checklists ........................................... 56
8.3 Divers’ Dress ................................................................................................................... 56
8.4 Compressor Systems ...................................................................................................... 57
8.5 Compressed Gas Equipment ........................................................................................ 59
9.0 INCIDENT REPORTING ......................................................................................................... 60
9.1 General Procedures ........................................................................................................ 60
9.2 Diving Incident and Accident Assessment ................................................................. 60
9.3 Incident and Accident Reporting Requirements ....................................................... 62
9.4 Incident and Accident Classification and Definitions............................................... 63
GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................................................... 65
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 1: Dive Plan ............................................................................................................ 74
Attachment 2: DEP Dive Log .................................................................................................... 76
Attachment 3 DEP Diving Supervisor’s Dive Log ................................................................. 77
Attachment 4: Pre-Dive Checklist............................................................................................. 78
Attachment 5: Post-Dive Checklist ........................................................................................... 79
Attachment 6: Statement of Training and Understanding .................................................... 80
Attachment 7: Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Form ....................................................................... 81
Attachment 8: DSAB Notification of a DEP Diver ................................................................. 82
Attachment 9: Pre- and Post-Dive Briefing Template............................................................ 83
Attachment 10: U.S. Department of Labor Standards ........................................................... 84
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Attachment 11: 29 CFR 1910, Subpart T, Commercial Diving Operations, App. A ................... 88
Attachment 12: Example of a Diving Incident and Accident Management Plan .............. 86
Attachment 13: DEP Diving Program Incident and Accident Reporting Form ................. 89
Attachment 14: Medical Evaluation ......................................................................................... 90
Attachment 15: Medical Monitoring Request Form............................................................... 98
Attachment 16: DEP Diver Qualification Checklist ............................................................... 99
Attachment 17: Diving Equipment Maintenance Record ................................................... 100
Attachment 18: Request for Diving Reciprocity ................................................................... 101
APPENDIXES
Appendix A:
Mooring Buoy Anchor Installation Procedures
Appendix B:
Seagrass and Coral Restoration Operations and Procedures
Appendix C:
Maintenance and Removal of Lyngbya spp. and Other Nuisance Algae
from Springs and Spring Run Streams
Appendix D:
General Maintenance of Underwater Theater Area and Equipment
Appendix E:
Underwater Performance Divers
Appendix F:
Line Tended Diving Operations
Appendix G:
Lionfish Handling Procedures
Appendix H:
DEP Spearfishing Protocol
Appendix I:
DEP Snorkeling Policy
Appendix J:
DEP Directive 710-Workplace Safety and Loss Control Management
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FOREWORD
This document is the DEP Underwater Operations Manual for DEP diving
operations.
The scope of diving operations covered by this Manual is limited to operations
conducted at a maximum depth of 100 fsw (feet sea water) (30.48m) without prior
approval from the Diving Safety Officer.
Additionally, whenever this Manual refers to “Diving Operations,” they are to be
construed as the activities described in the U.S. Department of Labor’s
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulation set forth in 29
CFR, Part 1910, Subpart T, Commercial Diving Operations.
Although Federal and State agencies are not required to follow the requirements set
forth in 29 CFR, Part 1910, Subpart T for DEP diving, the Department may use the
OSHA requirements as its safety standard where such requirements do not conflict
with applicable Florida law or prevent the Department from carrying out its
mission.
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SPECIAL NOTE
This Manual is of value only in so far as it is maintained in current, up-to-date status.
As diving knowledge progresses so shall this Manual. It is the responsibility of the
DEP Diving Safety Advisory Board (DSAB) to ensure that this Manual reflects state of
the art, safe diving standards and practices. The DSAB will periodically update the
DEP Underwater Operations Manual to reflect new developments and procedures in
diving and underwater operations. These updates will be in the form of periodic
changes or major revisions, and recorded on the Change Record page and shall be
published on the Department’s Intranet following approval of the DSAB.
Copies of the DEP Underwater Operations Manual are available from:
DEP Office of Safety and Loss Control
Department of Environmental Protection
3800 Commonwealth Boulevard, MS-60
Tallahassee, FL 32399
Phone (850) 245-2312
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CHANGE RECORD
Revision History
January 2010 – First Edition
December 2010 – Second Edition
Change No.
Date
Description of Change
Page No.
1 (1st Edition)
Jan. 15, 2010
Inclusion of Subject Matter Expert
(SME) and Legal Counsel comments.
N/A
2 (2nd Edition)
Dec. 15, 2010
Combine Diving Safety Manual and
Commercial Diving Operations and
Safe Practices Manual into a single
Underwater Operations Manual.
N/A
3 (2nd Edition)
Feb. 22, 2011
Updated
N/A
4 (3rd Edition)
March 2013
Updated
N/A
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1.0 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1
COVERAGE
The coverage of this Manual is directed towards all participants of the DEP
Diving Program.
1.1.1
Purpose
The purpose of this Manual is to:
1.2
a.
Ensure that all diving under the auspices of DEP is
conducted in a manner that will maximize protection of
divers from accidental injury and/or illness;
b.
Provide policies and procedures that will enable DEP
Diving Program participants to function safely in local
diving environments and conditions as well as to comply
with the requirements of DEP Directive 710; and
c.
Set forth standards for training and evaluation which
will allow a working reciprocity between various units
within DEP and with outside organizations.
AUTHORIZED DIVING MISSIONS
The following clarification is provided as to the scope of authorized,
unauthorized or restricted activities for DEP diving operations:
1.2.1
Unrestricted Operations
The diving operations and underwater activity authorized for
DEP Divers and other DEP Diving Program participants is limited
to those operations and activities that are specifically included in
this Manual.
1.2.2
Unauthorized or Restricted Operations
A DEP Diver may not perform the diving operations listed in this
subsection, unless expressly authorized in writing by the Diving
Safety Officer (DSO). The following operations are unauthorized or
restricted:
1.2.2.1
Diving operations at a depth deeper than 100 fsw
(30.48 m)
1.2.2.3
Bell diving (open or closed diving bells)
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1.2.2.4
Heavy suit operations
1.2.2.5
Saturation diving
1.2.2.6
Liveboating*
*For the purposes of this Manual, liveboating is defined as
“diving with open circuit SCUBA equipment when the dive
vessel is not moored or anchored.” Whenever liveboating is
planned as part of a dive operation, the dive plan shall be
filed with the Department’s DSO at least 72 hours in advance
and such dive plan must be approved by the Department’s
DSO prior to engaging in liveboating activities. The acting
boat captain may assume the role of Designated Dive
Supervisor as a member of the four person dive team.
1.3
1.2.2.7
Diving in contaminated waters
1.2.2.8
Diving in potable water facilities
1.2.2.9
Diving with remotely operated vehicles (ROVs)
1.2.2.10
Welding and burning
1.2.2.11
The use of explosives
MANAGEMENT AND OVERSIGHT
1.3.1
In accordance with DEP Directive 710, the Department Safety
Program Administrator (SPA) will serve as the Department's
Diving Safety Officer (DSO).
The DSO shall:
a.
Be the official representative of DEP in matters concerning
diving.
b.
Have day-to-day authority over all DEP diving activity.
c.
As needed, review and approve DEP dive plans and safety
checklists submitted by Unit Diving Safety Officers (UDSO)
or Designated Diving Supervisor (DDS).
d.
Review and approve training records submitted by
UDSOs.
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e.
Review and approve the certification and qualification
documents DEP Divers seeking recertification.
f.
Review and approve certification and qualification
documents of non-DEP divers seeking reciprocity or
volunteer status as DEP divers.
g.
Periodically review the safety performance of UDSOs and
DEP Divers.
h.
Conduct diving safety training.
i.
Certify and qualify DEP Divers.
j.
Participate in DEP diving operations as needed.
k.
Delegate diving activity oversight to be carried out by a
qualified DEP Diver except for responsibility for the safe
conduct of the diving activity of DEP.
l.
Suspend diving operations that he or she considers to be
unsafe.
1.3.2
In accordance with DEP Directive 710, diving conducted under
the auspices of the DEP is administrated by the Diving Safety
Advisory Board (DSAB).
1.3.3
The DSAB will consist of the DSO and one or more Diving Safety
Advisors appointed by each Division, District, or Office that uses
diving in support of DEP's mission to represent that Division,
District, or Office. A majority of DSAB members must be active
divers with DEP.
The DSAB shall:
a.
Implement DEP's diving safety policies and guidelines in
accordance with the requirements of DEP Directive 710.
b.
Develop a written DEP Underwater Operations Manual to be
approved by the Secretary that shall include at a minimum:
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(1)
A set of diving standards.
(2)
Safety procedures for diving operations authorized
by the Department specific to the Programs.
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(3)
Procedures for emergencies, including emergency
care (first aid), evacuation, recompression, and
medical treatment.
(4)
Responsibilities of the SPA related to DEP diving
as set forth in DEP Directive 710.
(5)
Responsibilities of the DSO and UDSO as set forth
in DEP Directive 710.
(6)
Responsibilities of the dive team members.
(7)
Equipment use and maintenance procedures;
(8)
Record keeping procedures.
(9)
Incident, injury and illness reporting procedures.
(10) Training and qualification requirements (including
medical examinations).
The DSAB will:
a.
Meet quarterly or at the call of the DSO to evaluate
circumstances related to reported diving incidents and to
address safety concerns presented by the UDSOs.
b.
Meet semi-annually or at the call of the DSO to review and
propose changes to the DEP Underwater Operations Manual.
This review will be to allow for continuing evaluation of
current diving industry standards and shall include
consideration of recommendations for amendments and
changes necessary to promote a safer work environment.
c.
Make written recommendations to DEP management
regarding policy changes necessary to promote a safer
work environment.
d.
Communicate in writing to Divisions/Districts/Offices
regarding approved policy and other changes intended to
create a safer work environment.
e.
Establish criteria for equipment selection and use and
recommend new equipment or techniques.
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1.4
f.
Recommend issue, reissue, or revocation of DEP diving
privileges.
g.
Assure adherence to the policies and procedures set forth
in the DEP Underwater Operations Manual.
h.
Recommend disciplinary action for unsafe practices to
operations management.
i.
Evaluate circumstances related to reported incidents and
address safety concerns presented to the DSAB.
j.
Sit as a member of a board of investigation to inquire into
the nature and cause of diving incidents or violations of the
requirements set forth in the DEP Underwater Operations
Manual.
k.
Sit as a member of a board of appeal to consider diverrelated and diving related problems.
l.
Recommend suspension of diving activities which the
DSAB considers to be unsafe.
UNIT DIVING SAFETY OFFICER (UDSO)
1.4.1
Each Division/District/Office that has diving activities shall
appoint a UDSO. The UDSO must be a Department employee and
a DEP diver. The UDSO may serve as a member of the DSAB.
1.4.2
The DSO delegates the authority for the safe conduct of diving
operations to the UDSO; including conducting training,
approving dive plans, maintaining dive records, approving letters
of reciprocity, and ensuring compliance with the DEP Underwater
Operations Manual and DEP 710.
The UDSO:
a.
May permit portions of the diving activity oversight to be
carried out by a qualified delegate, except for the
responsibility for the safe conduct of the diving activity.
b.
Shall suspend diving operations which the UDSO
considers to be unsafe.
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1.4.3
1.5
1.6
The UDSO shall create; maintain files on the UDSO Safety Drive.
Documents must be scanned and uploaded to share drive as
needed.
DESIGNATED DIVING SUPERVISOR (DDS)
1.5.1
The terms DDS and DPIC (Designated Person in Charge) are
interchangeable.
1.5.2
The DDS for each diving operation shall be specified in writing
using a DEP Dive Supervisor’s Log form and will be approved by
the UDSO or DSO by filing the DEP Dive Plan prior to the
commencement of any diving operation.
1.5.3
The DDS shall have experience as a diver but does not have to be
a DEP diver or current diver but has to be familiar with the diving
mission at hand and the Underwater Operations Manuals.
1.5.4
The DDS may temporarily assign DDS duties to another qualified
member of the dive team who is not occupied with a critical task,
during any approved diving operation.
1.5.5
The responsibilities of the DDS shall include but not necessarily
be limited to dive planning, coordination, record keeping, and
proper response to any diving emergency. The DDS shall suspend
diving operations which the UDSO or DDS considers to be unsafe.
LIABILITY
1.6.1
In adopting the standards set forth in this Manual, DEP
assumes no liability not otherwise imposed by law. Each
member of the DEP Diving Program acknowledges that:
a.
Diving is voluntary (see Section 5.0).
b.
Specific levels of training and proficiency are necessary
to ensure a diver’s safety.
c.
Compressed air/gas diving has inherent risks.
d.
Not adhering to proper diving procedures, depth or time
profiles, ascent rates, physical fitness requirements,
equipment requirements, equipment maintenance
requirements, and all other safe diving procedures can
result in injury or death. If failure to use these procedures
contributes to injuries received, workers compensation
benefits may be reduced under the provisions of Chapter
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440.09(5), F.S.
1.7
DIVING DEFINITION
Diving assumes that the individual is exposed to hyperbaric pressure
(pressure that exceeds one atmosphere) and the individual is breathing air or
gasses that are compressed and supplied through a hose or a cylinder with a
pressure regulator. Any and all diving performed by DEP Diving Program
participants as part of a work or mission related activity shall comply with
these standards. Diving modes include SCUBA, surface supplied diving,
tethered diving, and other diving modes approved by the DSO.
1.8
DEP DIVING
For the purposes of this Manual, diving conducted by DEP includes
operations where DEP Diving Program participants are acting within
the scope of their employment or under the auspices of DEP, including
operations in which employees or volunteers from other governmental
or non-governmental organizations are engaged in diving with DEP.
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2.0 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
The requirements in this section apply to personnel intending to dive as DEP
Divers or requesting to dive under the auspices of DEP.
2.1
GENERAL
2.1.1
DEP Diving Program participants are eligible for approval as a
DEP Diver. To be eligible for participation in, or to supervise
DEP diving operations, participants must have an open water
certification (or higher) awarded by a nationally or
internationally recognized SCUBA diving institution such as the
Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI), the
National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI),
SCUBA Schools International (SSI), SCUBA Diving International
(SDI)/Technical
Diving
International
(TDI)
or
the
Confederation Mondiale des Activites Subaquatiques (CMAS),
also known as “The World Underwater Federation.” Military
and commercial dive training certifications will also be
accepted. In addition, diving will be included in an employee’s
position description.
2.1.2
Using the DEP Diver Qualification Checklist (Attachment 17),
employees or volunteers seeking approval to perform tasks as a
DEP Diver must first meet the DEP Diver qualifications,
evaluations, examinations, and medical requirements as
outlined in this Manual. The medical examination and medical
clearance statement must be completed prior to any in-water
training. Submission of documents and participation in aptitude
examinations does not automatically result in approval to dive
with DEP. The candidate must convince the UDSO or DSO that
he or she is sufficiently skilled and proficient to dive with DEP.
These skills will be acknowledged by the signature of the UDSO
or DSO on the diving skills checklist. Any candidate who does
not possess the necessary judgment under diving conditions, for
his or her own safety and the safety of his/her partner (buddy),
may be denied DEP diving privileges. In these cases the
candidate may petition the DSO for approval.
2.1.3
Once all qualification requirements listed on the DEP Diver
Qualification Checklist have been met, and the UDSO has
approved the application, the UDSO will notify the DSO and
DSAB of the diver’s qualification status using the DSAB/DSO
Notification of a DEP Diver (Attachment 8).
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2.1.4
The DSAB/DSO Notification of a DEP Diver will be sent to the
DSO and DSAB immediately following completion of all
requisite requirements by the diver.*
*DEP prohibits any person from engaging in diving with the
Department unless that person is authorized by the DSO or
UDSO to dive pursuant to all provisions of this Manual and
any reciprocity or other agreement that may be in effect.
2.1.5
Each dive team member shall have the prerequisite training and/or
experience necessary to safely perform assigned tasks. General skill
areas required for all DEP Divers include the following:
a.
Diving procedures and techniques
b.
Emergency procedures
c.
Physiology and physics as they relate to diving
d.
Diving equipment
e.
First aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
f.
Bloodborne pathogens
g.
Emergency oxygen (O2) administration
2.1.6
Must have prior approval and meet the diving and/or
snorkeling validation requirements in the DEP Underwater
Operations Manual. This statement must be placed on position
descriptions for all divers.
2.1.7
Minimum Requirements for Dive Teams
a.
A SCUBA diver shall be line tended when in the water, OR
b.
The SCUBA diver shall be accompanied by, and in
continuous visual contact with another SCUBA diver at
all times during the diving operation.
c.
It is strongly recommended that all SCUBA diving be
conducted by pairs of divers whenever possible.
d.
SCUBA diving with two (2) or more divers in the water
requires a minimum dive team of four (4) members,
which shall consist of the following:
(1)
A DDS
(2)
A standby diver
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(3)
e.
2.2
Two SCUBA divers
SCUBA diving with one (1) diver in the water requires a
minimum dive team of three (3) members, which shall
consist of the following:
(1)
A DDS
(2)
A standby diver, who shall be line tended from the
surface when deployed in the water
(3)
A line-tended SCUBA diver
f.
A DDS who is a qualified DEP Diver may also fill any
position on the dive team, provided that another
qualified dive team member is stationed at the dive
location and can assume the duties of the DDS without
jeopardizing the safety of the diving operation.
g.
DEP training divers are exempt from the minimum
requirements for dive teams because the mission is dive
training.
EVALUATIONS AND EXAMINATIONS
2.2.1
2.2.2
DEP Diving Program participants must successfully complete the
following:
a.
Medical approval (Attachment 15). Medical approval must
be obtained prior to proceeding with training or water
evaluations.
b.
Written examination.
c.
Confined water evaluation, swim evaluation, and open
water dive(s) to appropriate depth(s) with evaluation of
skills.
d.
Document current certification or training in First Aid, CPR,
AED, an oxygen provider course which includes manually
triggered ventilator and/or bag valve mask and Bloodborne
Pathogen training.
Specialized Divers that use specialized diving modes or equipment
(e.g.: surface supplied breathing gas, dry suits) shall document
current specialized training. Specialized Divers may be evaluated
on the use of the equipment at the discretion of the DSO*.
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*All diving operations using specialized diving modes or
equipment must have prior written authorization from the
DSO.
2.3
MEDICAL EVALUATION AND STATEMENT
Each diver shall submit a statement from a licensed physician, based on
an approved medical examination, attesting to the applicant’s fitness for
diving. Each diver will receive a medical examination upon entry into
the program and at intervals defined in this Manual. The physician
retains medical records. A statement from the physician as to the
applicant’s fitness for diving shall be submitted to the UDSO. All DEP
Divers will maintain the medical standards and requirements set forth
by this Manual and will participate in the Medical Monitoring Program
(DEP Directive 477).
2.4
MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.4.1
2.4.2
Medical Examination
a.
For persons engaged as a DEP Diver, or otherwise
subjected to hyperbaric conditions, medical examinations
(or equivalent) are required.
b.
A re-examination will be required after a diving-related
injury or illness as determined by the DSO to determine
fitness to return to diving duty.
Medical Examination Frequency
a.
Before a diver may begin diving, DEP must receive the
results of the medical examination and those results have
been reviewed and found satisfactory by DEP; unless an
equivalent medical examination has been given within
the preceding five (5) years (three (3) years if over age 40;
two (2) years if over the age of 60).
b.
After the initial medical examination has been accepted
by DEP, re-examination is required at five (5) year
intervals up to age 40; every three (3) years after the age
of 40 up to age 60, and every Two (2) years after the age
of 60.
2.4.3 For persons engaged as a DEP Diver or otherwise subjected to
hyperbaric conditions, the initial exam and periodic medical reexamination include the following:
a.
Work history
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b.
Any tests deemed necessary by the physician to establish the
presence of any of the disqualifying conditions listed in
Paragraph 2.6.4
2.4.4
If the diver has had a comprehensive medical examination
comparable to the initial examination specified by this section,
and if the results of this examination did not indicate the
presence of significant abnormalities affecting the organs,
systems, or general health of the person, or any of the conditions
in Paragraph 2.6.4, said examination will be deemed sufficient to
satisfy this examination unless there have been any incidents
(illness, accidents, etc.) during the course of that year that may
have led to a change in the medical condition of the individual.
In such an instance, a complete medical re-examination shall be
required.
2.4.5
Re-Examination after Injury or Illness
2.4.6
a.
Any person engaged as a DEP Diver, or otherwise
exposed to hyperbaric conditions, will have a medical
examination following a known diving-related injury or
illness which requires hospitalization of 72 hours or more
(unless national or local laws dictate otherwise), or
known or suspected decompression sickness with
audiovestibular, central nervous system dysfunction, or
arterial gas embolism.
b.
Any person who is disqualified from DEP diving
operations as a result of a medical examination under the
conditions of this document shall not be qualified to
resume the normal duties of a DEP Diver pending reexamination and release by a physician to do so.
Physician’s Written Report
a.
2.4.7
A written report outlining a person’s medical condition
and fitness to engage in DEP Diving or other hyperbaric
activities must be provided by the examining physician any
time a physical examination is required herein.
Withdrawal from Hyperbaric Conditions
a.
It shall be determined on the basis of the physician’s
examination, whether a person’s health will be materially
impaired by continued exposure to hyperbaric conditions.
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The physician should indicate any limitations or
restrictions which would apply to the person’s work
activities in his/her written report.
b.
2.4.8
2.4.9
It shall be the responsibility of the DSO to order a
withdrawal from hyperbaric conditions of a DEP Diver at
any time for any reason, including disqualifying medical
condition(s).
Medical Record Keeping
a.
A completed DEP Form 51-005- Diving Medical Exam from
the physician as to the applicant’s fitness for diving shall be
submitted to the UDSO or DSO. All documents will be
uploaded to the UDSO folder located on Administrative
Services’ safety drive.
b.
An accurate record for each person subject to the medical
requirements of this section should be established and
maintained by the UDSO and DSO. All documents will be
uploaded to the UDSO folder located on Administrative
Services’ safety drive.
c.
A medical clearance statement of each person subject to the
medical requirements of this section shall be maintained
for a minimum of five years from the date of the last
hyperbaric exposure unless otherwise prescribed by law.
All documents will be uploaded to the UDSO folder located
on Administrative Services’ safety drive.
Medical Standard for DEP Divers
a.
The medical requirements set forth in this section deal with
specific aspects of the person’s physical fitness to engage in
DEP Diving, and are considered the minimum
requirements. The use of these requirements as a standard
for fitness to dive is intended to be tempered with the good
judgment of the DSO, members of the DSAB, UDSO, DDS
and foremost, the individual diver.
b.
Where there is doubt about the medical fitness of the diver,
any of the persons cited herein should disqualify the diver
and seek the further opinion of a qualified physician.
Particular attention must be paid to past medical and
diving history. In general, a high standard of physical and
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mental health is required for diving.
2.5
Consequently, in addition to excluding major disqualifying
medical conditions, examining physicians should identify
and give careful consideration to minor, chronic, recurring
or temporary mental or physical illnesses which may
distract the diver and cause him or her to ignore factors
concerned with his or her own or others safety.
d.
DEP Diving involves tasks performed from just below the
surface to a maximum depth of 100 fsw (30.48 m). Job
descriptions and therefore potential job-limiting disabilities
may vary widely. The requirements set forth in this section,
in general, apply to all DEP Divers.
e.
Disqualification for an inability to meet any of
requirements or the overall standard must be
on a case-by-case basis related only to the
functions of the position, and assuming
accommodations cannot be made.
the medical
determined
specific job
reasonable
SWIM EVALUATION
2.5.1
2.6
c.
The candidate shall successfully perform the following tests in
the presence of the UDSO or the UDSO’s delegate:
a.
Swim 400 yards in less than 16 minutes without swim
aids.
b.
Tread water for 10 minutes.
c.
Transport another person of equal size a distance of 25
yards in the water without the use of swim aids.
d.
DEP Divers will be required to pass an annual physical
fitness test consisting of the swim evaluation listed above or
one approved by the DSO to include NOAA’s swim test.
SCUBA SKILLS EVALUATION
2.6.1
Upon successful completion of the swim evaluation, the diver must
satisfy the UDSO or the evaluator of his/her ability to perform the
following, as a minimum, in a pool or in sheltered water:
a.
A safe water entry with full SCUBA gear.
b.
Clear a completely flooded mask.
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2.7
c.
Demonstrate the use of alternate air source as both donor
and recipient, with and without a mask.
d.
Demonstrate the ability to alternate between snorkel and
SCUBA while swimming on the surface in full SCUBA
gear.
e.
Demonstrate an understanding of basic underwater signs
and signals.
f.
Simulate the rescue and transport of a passive simulated
accident victim, transporting the victim a distance of 25 yards.
Both rescuer and rescuee will be in full SCUBA gear.
g.
Kick on the surface 400 yards while wearing SCUBA gear,
but not breathing from the SCUBA unit (using a snorkel).
h.
Complete a simulated emergency swimming ascent.
i.
Demonstrate the ability to attain and maintain neutral
buoyancy in the water column.
j.
Demonstrate watermanship ability that is acceptable to
the evaluator.
WRITTEN EXAMINATION
2.7.1
As part of the evaluation, the candidate must pass a written
examination that demonstrates knowledge of at least the
following:
a.
Function, care,
equipment.
b.
Physics and physiology of diving.
c.
Diving regulations pertaining
Operations Manual.
d.
Dangerous aquatic animals.
e.
Emergency procedures.
f.
Currently accepted decompression procedures.
g.
Demonstrate the proper use of dive tables.
h.
Underwater communications.
i.
Aspects of freshwater diving and flying after diving.
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maintenance
to
of
diving
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j.
Hazards of breath-hold diving and ascents.
k.
Planning and supervision of diving operations including
emergency protocols.
l.
Diving hazards.
m.
Causes, symptoms, treatments, and prevention of the
following: near drowning, air embolism, carbon monoxide
and carbon dioxide excess, squeezes, oxygen toxicity,
nitrogen narcosis, exhaustion and panic, respiratory
fatigue, motion sickness, decompression sickness,
hypothermia, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and
hypoxia/anoxia.
The exam will be maintain on the UDSO Safety drive and updated as
needed by the DSAB. The UDSO and DSO are authorized to administer
the exam.
2.8
OPEN WATER EVALUATION
2.8.1
The candidate must satisfy the UDSO or the evaluator of
his/her ability to perform at least the following in open water:
a.
Surface dive to a depth of 10 feet in open water without
SCUBA.
b.
Demonstrate proficiency in the use of alternate air
source, as both donor and recipient.
c.
Safely enter and leave open water or surf, or leave and
board a diving vessel, with SCUBA gear.
d.
Demonstrate judgment adequate for safe diving (for
example: evaluation of conditions of the site, evaluation of
individuals preparedness to dive, including self, under
what conditions a dive would not be done, under what
conditions a dive would be aborted).
e.
Demonstrate, where appropriate, the ability to
maneuver efficiently in the environment, at and below
the surface.
f.
Demonstrate the ability to attain and maintain neutral
buoyancy in the water column.
g.
While submerged, demonstrate clearing of a completely
flooded mask.
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2.9
h.
While submerged, demonstrate clearing of a flooded
regulator.
i.
Navigate underwater
program needs).
j.
Plan and execute a dive.
l.
Demonstrate the ability to perform a safe ascent on a
supplemental gas source (spare air) from a depth of a least 20
feet.
dependent
upon
ADDITIONAL TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
2.9.1
After successful completion of the medical examination,
written examination, confined water examination and open
water evaluation and subsequent assignment as a DEP Diver,
the following conditions and/or restrictions will exist:
a.
2.10
(optional,
Depth restrictions are limited to the certification level of the
DEP Diver. Open Water certified divers will be limited to a
depth of 60 fsw. Advanced Open Water certified divers
will be limited to 100 fsw unless approved by the DSO.
2.9.2
The DEP Diver must also read and understand all applicable
training guides contained in the appendices of this Manual
pertaining to his/her job duties such as the Buoy Anchor
Installation, Coral/Seagrass Repair, Algae Removal or
Underwater Performer.
2.9.3
DEP Diver must complete blood borne pathogen training, CPR,
AED, First Aid, an oxygen provider course which includes
manually triggered ventilator and/or bag valve mask.
2.9.4
The DEP Diver must complete the Statement of Training and
Understanding (see Attachment 6).
2.9.5
The UDSO must notify the DSO and DSAB of the diver’s
qualification (see Attachment 8).
DIVERS’ LOGS
All divers shall maintain a personal dive log as a record of their dives,
and submit the log monthly to the UDSO using the Dive Log
(Attachment 2).
2.10.1
As a minimum, the following information shall be entered in the
diver’s personal dive log:
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2.11
a.
Diver’s name
b.
Date of the dive
c.
The name or other designation and location of the
diving site or vessel from which the diving operation
was carried out
d.
Maximum depth reached on the dive
e.
Time dive began at surface
f.
Bottom time
g.
Time diver reached surface after each hyperbaric
exposure
h.
Surface interval
i.
Type of breathing apparatus
j.
Breathing mixture used
k.
Task(s) performed
l.
Any injury incurred during the dive
m.
Diver’s comments
MAINTAINING, REQUALIFICATION, REVOCATION AND
REINSTATEMENT OF DIVE STATUS
2.11.1
Minimum Activity to Maintain Approval to Dive
a.
During each 12-month period, a DEP Diver will maintain
current certification in First Aid, CPR, AED, and an oxygen
provider course which includes manually triggered
ventilator and/or bag valve mask, Bloodborne Pathogens,
and complete an annual swim test under the supervision of
the UDSO.
b.
During each 12-month period, a DEP Diver must log a
minimum of 12 dives, at least four of which must be
conducted as part of a DEP diving operation.
c.
During each 6-month period, a DEP Diver must log at
least one dive near the maximum depth of the diver’s
certification.
d.
Failure to meet the requirements above may be cause for
revocation or restriction of approval to dive.
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2.11.2
Diver Requalification
If a DEP Diver’s approval to dive expires due to lack of diving
activity, requalification to DEP Diver status following less than
a three year lapse in compliance shall include being current
with medical examination, CPR, AED, First Aid, Bloodborne
Pathogens, an oxygen provider course which includes
manually triggered ventilator and/or bag valve mask and an
open water evaluation by the UDSO or designee.
2.11.3
Requalification to DEP Diver status following greater than a
three-year lapse in compliance shall include being current with
medical examination, CPR, AED, First Aid, Bloodborne
Pathogens and an oxygen provider course which includes
manually triggered ventilator and/or bag valve mask. The
individual must also successfully perform the swim, pool, and
open water evaluations and a written examination.
2.11.4
If a DEP Diver’s approval to dive expires due to lapse of current
certifications (CPR, First Aid, etc.), a diver may requalify as a DEP
Diver by successfully completing the next available course for the
required certification and submitting the documentation to the
UDSO.
2.11.5
Once the initial approval requirements are met, divers whose
depth category has lapsed due to lack of diving activity may be
requalified by diving with a qualified DEP Diver to the
appropriate depth and submitting the dive log to the UDSO. The
UDSO may then consider reinstating the depth approval.
2.11.6
All approved DEP Divers shall pass a medical examination at
the intervals specified in this Manual. After pregnancy, a major
illness, injury or incident, a DEP Diver must receive clearance to
return to diving from a physician before resuming dive
activities.
2.11.7
A DEP Diver’s approval to dive or status as a DEP Diver may be
revoked or restricted for cause by the UDSO or the DSO.
2.11.8
Violations of safety standards or other requirements set forth in
this Manual, or violations of the standards of other
governmental subdivisions that are not in conflict with this
Manual, may be considered cause for revocation or restriction of
approval to dive.
2.11.9
The UDSO shall inform the DEP Diver in writing of the
reason(s) for revocation of approval to dive.
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2.11.10 The DEP Diver may petition the DSO or DSAB in writing for
reconsideration and/or reinstatement of approval to dive.
2.11.11 The DEP Diver shall be given an opportunity to present his/her
case to the DSO and DSAB before conditions for reinstatement are
stipulated.
2.11.12 If a DEP Diver’s status is revoked, he or she may be reinstated after
complying with such conditions as the DSO and DSAB may impose.
2.11.13 All written statements and requests, as identified in this section,
are official documents which will become part of the DEP
Diver’s file.
2.12
SPECIALIZED DIVING AND EQUIPMENT
2.12.1 Hookah Diving
2.12.2
a.
Hookah rigs without communication to top side do not
meet DEP safety standards as such rigs prevent diver-totopside communications which is a safety requirement
for all surface-supplied diving operations.
b.
All surface supplied diving operations will comply with
the Surface Supplied Diving guidelines contained in
paragraph 2.12.2 of this Manual (see below).
Surface Supplied Diving
In addition to the following stipulations, surface supplied divers
shall also comply with all SCUBA diving procedures in this
Manual with the exception that solo diving is allowed:
a.
Surface supplied diving shall not be conducted at depths
greater than 100 fsw without prior approval from the DSO.
b.
All employees using surface supplied equipment will
have received training in its use and emergency
procedures.
c.
Divers using the surface supplied mode shall be
equipped with a diver-carried independent reserve
breathing gas supply.
d.
A non-return or check valve shall be installed between
helmet or mask and hose which shall close readily and
positively.
e.
Each surface supplied diver shall be hose tended by a
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separate dive team member while in the water.
f
Divers using the surface supplied mode shall maintain
hard-wire voice communication with the surface tender.
g.
The surface supplied breathing gas supply shall be
sufficient to support all surface supplied divers in the
water for the duration of the planned dive, including
decompression.
h.
During surface supplied diving operations when only
one diver is in the water, there must be a standby diver in
attendance at the dive location.
2.12.3 Mixed Gas Diving
2.12.4
a.
Use of other mixed gases other than Nitrox is prohibited
without prior approval in writing by the DSO.
b.
Diving operations by DEP Diving Program participants
using Nitrox will adhere to the following guidelines:
(1)
DEP Divers shall be certified as Nitrox divers.
(2)
A maximum ATA of 1.4 will be observed.
(3)
An approved Nitrox computer or Nitrox tables
will be used to plan and track Nitrox dives.
(4)
All cylinders used for Nitrox diving will be
marked with Nitrox labels.
(5)
All cylinders used for Nitrox diving will be
analyzed on the day of the dive by the DEP Diver
using the tank; and marked with the fill date,
oxygen percentage, PSI of the fill and MOD.
Saturation Diving
Saturation dives are prohibited unless approved in writing by
the DSO.
2.12.5
Rebreathers
Use of rebreathers is prohibited unless approved in writing by
the DSO.
2.12.6
Overhead, Enclosed or Confined Space Diving Operations
a.
Wreck penetration or cave or cavern diving operations
are prohibited unless approved in writing by the DSO.
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b.
2.12.7
Any personnel engaging in overhead, enclosed or
confined space diving operations shall have received
specialized training and certification from a recognized
training facility and shall comply with the diving
regulations of the sponsoring organization.
Decompression Dives
Planned decompression diving is prohibited unless approved in
writing by the DSO.
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3.0
DIVE EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
3.1
DIVING EQUIPMENT
3.1.1
The Department may supply the following diving equipment to
departmental divers as needed for use while performing their
duties:
a.
Regulator - single hose (Includes alternate air source or
Air II)
b.
Submersible pressure gauge.
c.
Depth gauge
d.
Time keeping
computer)
e.
Underwater compass
f.
Buoyancy control device (with auto inflator)
g.
Weight belts or weighting system
h.
Dive knife and/or cutting tool
i.
Appropriate thermal protection
j.
Booties
k.
Mask
l.
Snorkel
m.
Fins
n.
SCUBA cylinders w/valves
o.
Surface marker (safety sausage)
p.
Audible signaling device (e.g., whistle)
q.
Redundant air system (spare air or pony bottle
w/regulator and SPG)
r.
Gear bag
s.
Safety harness with releases
t.
Hood
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(watch,
bottom
timer,
or
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Other diving equipment may be supplied as needed for
specialized diving operations (e.g. protective gear for use in
contaminated waters, underwater lights, camera with water
resistant housing, flotation bags, etc.).
3.2
3.1.2
Diving equipment used as a part of a DEP diving operation must
be visually inspected by the DDS or UDSO immediately prior to
the scheduled operation. Equipment that does not meet the
inspection and maintenance requirements of the DEP Diving
Program or that is not deemed suitable for any reason by the DDS
or UDSO shall not be used for the scheduled diving operation.
3.1.3
Department Divers shall not use personal diving equipment while
participating in a DEP Diving Operations unless authorized in
writing by the DSO or UDSO. Personal diving equipment
authorized by the DSO for use by the Department Diver
participating in a DEP diving operation must meet the inspection
and maintenance requirements of the DEP Diving Program.
3.1.4
DEP Divers shall not use state owned equipment while
participating in non-work related diving operations or after
work hours unless approved by the UDSO or DSO. All
Department property is owned by the State of Florida. Any
employee who misuses state property shall be subject to
appropriate disciplinary actions.
3.1.5
In the event that a DEP Diver is not able to participate in a
scheduled diving operation because of unusable diving
equipment and the diver is needed in order to meet the
minimum safety requirements for that diving operation, the
diving operation shall be suspended.
MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
Caution: Malfunctioning equipment shall be repaired by a qualified
technician or replaced. It is the divers’ responsibility to be sure that
gear is in working order before using it.
3.2.1
Regulators
SCUBA regulators shall be inspected and tested prior to the first
use of the day by the diver and serviced at least once every
twelve months by a qualified technician.
3.2.2
Gauges
Only those makes and models of submersible pressure gauges
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and depth gauges specifically approved by the UDSO or the DSO
shall be used. These gauges shall be inspected and tested by the
diver before first use of the day and serviced at least once every
twelve months by a qualified technician.
3.2.3
Buoyancy compensators, dry suits, or other variable volume
buoyancy compensation devices shall be equipped with an exhaust
valve. They shall be checked for leaks during every dive and serviced
at least once every twelve months by a qualified technician.
3.2.4
Quick release devices
All weight systems worn by the diver shall be equipped with
quick release devices. The quick release device must operate
easily with a single motion by either hand.
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.3
SCUBA cylinders shall be designed, constructed, and maintained
in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Unfired
Pressure Vessel Safety Orders and appropriate Department of
Transportation (DOT) specifications.
a.
SCUBA cylinders must be hydrostatically tested in
accordance with DOT standards (at least once every five
years.
b.
SCUBA cylinders must have an internal visual inspection
to industry standards at intervals not to exceed twelve
months.
c.
SCUBA cylinder valves must be serviced at least once
every twelve months by a qualified technician.
Compressor Operation and Air Test Records
a.
Gas analyses and air tests shall be performed on each
breathing air compressor at regular intervals of no more
than six months. The results of these tests shall be entered
in a formal log and be maintained.
b.
A log shall be maintained showing operation, repair,
overhaul, filter maintenance, and temperature adjustment
for each compressor.
AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
3.3.1
Maintenance Records
a.
All equipment shall have a unique identity traceable by
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means of an equipment maintenance record established
and maintained in a correct and current condition.
3.4
b.
The UDSO will maintain a record of each equipment
modification, repair, test, calibration or maintenance
and upload all documents to the Division of
Administrative Service’s common drive.
c.
The diving equipment maintenance record will include the
date and nature of the work performed, and the name, title
and organization of the person performing the work.
d.
Records will contain the most current and next previous
service.
3.3.2
Equipment such as bailout systems, regulators, etc. which
provide direct life support shall be of a type familiar to the diver
and subject to a planned maintenance system.
3.3.3
Due to the life-support nature of diving, personnel involved in
the operation, maintenance, and repair of diving systems and
equipment shall have appropriate training and experience in the
type of equipment used.
DIVE TABLES
The appropriate set of diving time/depth tables must be available at the
dive location at all times. It is recommended that the most recent NOAA
or US Navy-based diving tables be used for determining dive profiles for
all compressed air diving operations.
3.5
DIVE COMPUTERS
Dive computers that monitor time at depth may be used. The UDSO
or DSO must approve the brand and model of the computer prior to
use. Each diver using a computer will demonstrate understanding of
the computer’s operating characteristics.
3.6
SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
3.6.1
Dive Flags
Dive flags - red with diagonal white stripe and the
international Alpha - shall be displayed prominently during
all diving operations at the dive location in a manner which
allows all-round visibility, and shall be illuminated during
night diving operations. The flags will be covered or lowered
when divers are not in the water.
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3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
On vessels, diver down flag must be at least 20” by 24” and have a
wire stiffener. On floats, the Diver Down flag must be at least 12”
by 12.” Divers must stay within 300’ in open waters and 100’ in
rivers, inlets and channels. Divers may need to contact local law
enforcement if conducting operations in navigational channels.
For additional information reference Florida Statute Chapter
327.331.
First Aid and Oxygen Kits
a.
A first aid kit and emergency O2 kit with 100% oxygen
cylinder, a manually triggered ventilator and/or bag
valve mask with at least one person skilled in the use of
the resuscitator.
b.
First aid expendable supplies should be replaced as
necessary.
c.
Maintenance of the equipment shall be the responsibility
of the UDSO.
d.
A DAN emergency manual or equivalent shall be
included with the First Aid supplies.
Compressor Systems
The following will be considered in the design and location of
compressor systems:
a.
Low-pressure compressors used to supply air to the diver
of equipped with a volume tank shall have a check valve
on the inlet side, a relief valve, and a drain valve;
b.
Compressed air systems over 500 psig shall have slowopening shut-off valves; and
c.
All air compressor intakes shall be located away from areas
containing exhaust from combustion engines or sources of
other contaminants.
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4.0 PERSONNEL ASSIGNMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
4.1
TITLES, DUTIES, RESPONSIBILITIES AND CAPABILITIES
The titles, duties, responsibilities, and capabilities of personnel
engaged in DEP Diving and other underwater operations will vary
widely. The UDSO and DDS are responsible for assigning personnel to
diving or other underwater operations and will ensure all personnel
are qualified by training and/or experience to perform the tasks
assigned. The following designations indicate the minimum duties and
responsibilities of dive team members.
4.2
DIVING SAFETY OFFICER (DSO)
In accordance with DEP Directive 710, the Department Safety Program
Administrator (SPA) will serve as the Department's DSO. The DSO shall:
a.
Be the official representative of DEP in matters concerning
diving.
b.
Have day-to-day authority over all DEP diving activity.
c.
Review and approve DEP dive plans and safety checklists
submitted by UDSO or DDS.
d.
Review and approve training records submitted by UDSOs
and DDS.
e.
Review and approve the certification and qualification
documents DEP Divers seeking recertification.
f.
Review and approve certification and qualification documents,
of non-DEP divers seeking reciprocity or volunteers status as
DEP divers.
g.
Periodically review the safety performance of UDSOs and
divers.
h.
Conduct diving safety training.
i.
Certify and qualify DEP Divers.
j.
Participate in DEP diving operations.
k.
Delegate diving activity oversight to be carried out by a
qualified DEP Diver, except for the responsibility for the
safe conduct of the diving activity of the DEP.
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l.
4.3
Suspend diving operations that he or she considers to be unsafe.
DESIGNATED DIVING SUPERVISOR (DDS)
4.3.1
A qualified person shall serve as the DDS for each diving
operation and shall be designated in writing on the Dive Plan and
Diving Supervisor’s Log forms. The completed forms shall be
submitted to the UDSO for review and approval prior to
commencement of commercial diving operations.
4.3.2
The DDS shall be a qualified diver.
4.3.3
The DDS is in charge of all aspects of the planning and
execution of the diving operation, including the responsibility
for the safety and health of the dive team. In carrying out these
responsibilities, the DDS’ duties shall include, but not
necessarily be limited to, the following:
a.
Be fully aware of all relevant governmental regulatory
agency regulations that apply to the diving operation.
b.
See that all rules and regulations are followed.
c.
While actually on duty, be in immediate control and
available to implement emergency procedures.
d.
The DDS shall have no other duties than those set forth
herein and is not permitted to dive unless another
qualified diver is present who has also been appointed
and designated to assume responsibility.
e.
The DDS must at all times perform his or her duties with
an ability to manage all aspects of the dive site, to
properly direct dive team members in the performance of
their duties, and remain ready to respond to emergency
conditions.
f.
Under emergency circumstances, the DDS may enter the
water only if it does not interfere with continued
assurance that topside supervision will not be lost.
g.
The DDS must ensure prior to commencing a diving
operation that in addition to parties directly involved in the
diving operation, all persons responsible for anything that
affects the diving operation are advised that diving or
underwater operations are to be undertaken (e.g., masters
of craft, harbor masters, and managers of offshore
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installations, pipelines, civil engineering sites, etc.).
h.
Ensure that diving operations are carried out from a
suitable and safe location on the surface.
i.
Develop or modify and produce pre- and post-dive
checklists for the operation.
j.
Develop
and
procedures.
k.
Be aware of the procedures to follow to obtain medical
support in the event of an incident, either diving or nondiving related.
l.
Ensure that a two-way communication system is
available at the dive location to obtain emergency
assistance.
m.
Establish a dive plan ensuring that sufficient breathing
mixtures, supplies, and proper equipment are available for
safe and timely completion of the job task.
n.
Assign the duties of all members of the dive team and
personally direct them throughout the diving operation.
o.
Personally verify that all personnel on the dive team are
qualified and physically able to perform tasks assigned.
p.
Make an assessment of the physical condition of the
divers prior to each dive to determine if any physical
impairment is present which would be detrimental to
their health and safety in the water or under hyperbaric
conditions.
q.
Ensure that the diving equipment designated for use is:
r.
implement
emergency/contingency
(1)
Suitable for the planned diving operation.
(2)
Sufficient to regulatory requirements for the
diving mode used.
(3)
Inspected prior to each dive and is in good
working order.
Ensure that all relevant operating instructions, manuals,
decompression tables, treatment schedules, and
regulatory publications are available at the dive location
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and are maintained to reflect current changes and/or
developments.
s.
Ensure the detailed briefing of the diving team and
support personnel including:
(1)
Tasks to be undertaken.
(2)
Unusual hazards or environmental conditions.
t.
Make modifications to standard procedures or safety
procedures necessitated by the specific diving operation.
u.
Maintain a depth, bottom time, and breathing mix profile at
the dive location for each diver during the dive.
v.
If line tended, ensure that each diver is continuously tended
while in the water.
w.
Ensure that the dive is terminated when:
x.
(1)
The diver requests termination.
(2)
The diver fails to respond to communication or
communication is lost between diver and dive
team members at the dive location.
(3)
The diver begins to use their diver-carried reserve
breathing gas supply.
(4)
Weather or site conditions are degrading to the
extent that diver safety may be compromised.
Ensure after every dive:
(1)
The physical condition and well being of the
diver(s) are checked by visual observation and
verbal questioning.
(2)
The diver(s) are instructed to report any physical
problems or symptoms of decompression sickness
or arterial gas embolism.
(3)
The diver(s) are advised of the location of the
nearest operating decompression chamber.
(4)
The diver is acquainted with the dangers of flying
after diving or traveling to altitudes higher than
the dive site.
(5)
The diver(s) are instructed to remain awake for at
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least one hour.
4.4
4.5
y.
Report all incidents or incidents involving personnel as
required by employer rules and relevant governmental
regulations.
z.
Maintain and submit reports required by DEP concerning
diving operations and equipment maintenance, testing, or
repair.
aa.
View and ensure accuracy of diver personal log book and
affix signature to properly record activities.
UNIT DIVING SAFETY OFFICER (UDSO)
4.4.1
Each Division/District/Office that has diving activities shall
appoint a UDSO. The UDSO must be a Department employee and
a DEP diver. The UDSO may serve as a member of the DSAB.
4.4.2
The DSO delegates the authority for the safe conduct of diving
operations to the UDSO; including conducting training,
approving dive plans, maintaining dive records, ensuring
compliance with the DEP Underwater Operations Manual and
DEP 710. The UDSO:
a.
May permit portions of the diving activity oversight to be
carried out by a qualified delegate, except for the
responsibility for the safe conduct of the diving activity.
b.
Shall suspend diving operations which the UDSO
considers to be unsafe.
DEP DIVER
4.5.1
The DEP Diver is assigned by the DDS and or UDSO to perform
specific tasks in the water and topside.
4.5.2
A DEP Diver shall be medically certified as fit to dive, have
detailed knowledge of diving theory and practice, a full
understanding of the diving equipment in use, and of the tasks
assigned.
4.5.3
All divers shall be in possession of an up-to-date diver’s logbook
which can be used to establish levels of experience.
4.5.4
Each DEP Diver while carrying out their duties and
responsibilities shall:
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a.
Accomplish all tasks assigned by the DDS.
b.
In the event the diver is assigned a task for which he or
she does not consider themselves competent either by
training and/or experience, the diver shall immediately
inform the DDS.
c.
Read, understand, and comply with all DEP policies and
with applicable governmental regulations as they relate
to their qualifications or performance while engaging in
diving operations.
d.
Maintain a high level of physical fitness.
e.
Immediately obey all commands or instructions from the
DDS to return to the surface.
f.
Ensure that the greatest depth to be reached during his or
her dive has been established before their descent.
g.
Act as a Standby Diver when directed to do so.
h.
Comply with regulations or instructions concerning the
use, maintenance, repair, and testing of all diving
equipment provided for the operation.
i.
Report to the DDS any recent medical treatment or illness
so that a proper determination can be made concerning
their fitness and/or ability to dive.
j.
Immediately report all symptoms or suspected symptoms
of decompression sickness (DCS) to the DDS as early and
accurately as possible.
k.
Report to the DDS any defect or malfunction of the diving
equipment provided for the diving operation.
l.
Follow safe diving practices at all times during the diving
operation whether on deck or in the water.
m.
Bring to the attention of the DDS any questionable items.
n.
Be alert for the safety of others as well as themselves.
o.
Assist in the training of new personnel/divers.
p.
Know and observe the rules for flying after diving or
traveling to altitudes higher than the dive location.
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q.
Ensure that their diving equipment has been correctly
maintained, prepared, and tested before each dive (this
requirement should never be delegated to others).
r.
Maintain a DEP Diver’s Log which details all dives,
medical examinations, courses taken, certification level
achieved, and personal equipment maintenance.
s.
Submit a monthly DEP Diver’s Log to the UDSO.
t.
Maintain certification in first aid, CPR, AED bloodborne
pathogens and an oxygen provider course which includes manually
triggered ventilator and/or bag valve mask.
4.6
STANDBY DIVER
4.6.1
The Standby Diver is the individual possessing the required
training and experience needed to enter the water at the diving
location in order to render assistance to a stricken diver.
4.6.2
The Standby Diver, in the carrying out of his or her duties and
responsibilities shall be capable and qualified to carry out all of
the duties and responsibilities of a DEP Diver as set forth by this
Manual.
4.6.3
While acting as a Standby Diver, the diver shall:
a.
Be dressed sufficiently to allow near immediate entry into
the water and to stay at depth as long as circumstances
require within the limits of safety.
b.
Remain at his/her station throughout the entire dive.
c.
If applicable, monitor the dive radio to constantly remain
abreast of events of the dive.
d.
Not accept any assigned tasks that might interfere with
his/her duties as a Standby Diver while there is a diver
in the water.
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5.0 OPERATIONS POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
5.1
GENERAL
5.1.1
5.2
Standards and Practices
a.
The standards and practices included in this Manual have
been carefully developed to assure DEP Divers conduct dives
with a maximum degree of safety. These are minimum
standards for the safe conduct of DEP diving operations in
either Offshore or Inland Waters
b.
No standard can ever substitute for common sense, careful
planning and assessment of the task to be performed and
the conditions likely to be encountered, or a continuing
concern for safety. Deviation from the standards and
practices in this Manual should always be made on the side
of increasing safety. In an emergency situation it is
recognized that full compliance with the standards and
practices may not be possible. In such instances a carefully
developed emergency response plan must be implemented
in order to minimize the risks.
UNDERWATER OPERATIONS MANUAL
5.2.1
Requirements
This Manual shall be maintained by the DEP DSAB, and shall be
made available at the dive location to each DEP Diving Program
participant.
5.3
PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT
5.3.1
Checklist for Planning and Assessment
a.
Job Safety Analysis (Attachment 7).
b.
Site Assessment.
c.
Diving Mode/equipment system(s).
d.
Means of water entry and exit.
e.
Breathing gas supplies with reserves (set up and tested).
f.
Thermal protection (all dive team members).
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5.3.2
5.4
g.
Dive team assignments/briefing and readiness to dive,
including fitness.
h.
Inert gas status of dive team members (repetitive dive
designations).
i.
Communications procedures and
personnel involved in the operation.
j.
Emergency procedures.
k.
Dive station setup.
methods
for
all
Complete and submit the DEP Dive Plan to the UDSO
(Attachment 1).
a.
No diving operation shall take place unless there is a dive
plan on file that has been approved by the UDSO.
b.
The planning of a dive or underwater operation shall
include an analysis of the health and safety aspects of the
following:
(1)
Surface and underwater conditions and hazards.
(2)
Breathing gas supply (including reserves).
(3)
Thermal protection.
(4)
Diving equipment and systems.
(5)
Dive team assignments and physical fitness of dive
team members including any conditions which
may render an individual dive team member unfit
to dive.
(6)
Competency of assigned personnel to perform
necessary tasks and responsibilities.
(7)
Repetitive dive designation or residual inert gas
status of dive team members.
(8)
Emergency procedures.
DIVE TEAM BRIEFING
5.4.1
Before commencing with any underwater operation, the dive
team members shall be briefed by the DDS on the following:
a.
Tasks.
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5.4.2
5.5
c.
Any unusual hazards or environmental conditions.
d.
Any modifications to operating procedures necessitated
by the specific underwater operation or prevailing
conditions at the dive location.
Before each dive, the diver(s) shall be instructed to report and
record any physical conditions or problems that may render the
diver(s) unfit to dive.
The dive shall be terminated when:
a.
Directed by the DDS or UDSO.
b.
Requested by the diver.
c.
Requested by the vessel Captain.
d.
The diver fails to respond correctly to communications or
signals from a dive team member.
e.
The diver begins to use the diver-carried reserve
breathing gas.
f.
Dive equipment failure occurs.
POST-DIVE PROCEDURES
5.6.1
5.6.2
5.7
Safety procedures.
TERMINATION OF DIVE
5.5.1
5.6
b.
After the completion of each dive the diver(s) shall:
a.
Be questioned by the DDS as to his/her physical
condition.
b.
Be instructed to report any physical problems or symptoms
of decompression sickness or gas embolism.
On any dive that results in decompression illness, proper
medical authority should be consulted especially prior to flying
before or after treatment.
HAZARDS TO UNDERWATER OPERATIONS
5.7.1
Notice shall be given of the hazards of underwater operations to
include biological and environmental hazards that may be
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encountered during a dive in addition to manmade hazards,
including boat traffic and surfacing away from the dive boat.
5.8
a.
Notice shall be given of the planned dive, including but not
limited to the daily start and finish times, to those in the
vicinity whose activities may interfere with or pose a
hazard to personnel engaged in the dive.
b.
Diving operations shall not take place wherever hazardous
activities or conditions in the vicinity pose a safety hazard
to the divers or impair the support personnel from safely
carrying out their assigned duties.
c.
In no case shall a diver be required to dive against
his/her will.
UNDERWATER HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS
5.8.1
Before Carrying Out Underwater Tasks
A hazardous conditions analysis will be conducted before
carrying out any underwater tasks(s) to determine if underwater
hazards exist, including but not limited to:
5.9
(a)
Potential for fouling or entrapment of the diver(s).
(b)
Diving in contaminated liquid, including but not
limited to chemical, microbiological, or radiological
contamination.
(c)
High current, low visibility, very cold/hot ambient
water conditions, hazardous marine life, etc.
TEMPORARY IMPAIRMENT
5.9.1
DEP Divers shall not dive for the duration of any known
temporary physical or mental impairment or condition. These
include but are not limited to colds, alcoholic intoxication or its
after effects, influence of drugs, pregnancy, respiratory or
middle ear diseases, skin or external ear infections, excessive
fatigue, or emotional distress.
5.9.2
The DEP Diver should be consulted before making such a
determination.
5.9.3
In no case shall the DEP Diver be required to dive or be exposed
to hyperbaric conditions against his/her will.
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5.10
INSPECTION OF SYSTEMS, EQUIPMENT, AND TOOLS
5.10.1 Before Diving
a.
Before diving or other underwater operations commence,
DEP Divers shall confirm that all operational systems,
equipment, and tools to be used are in good working
order, and are appropriate for the tasks.
b.
To ensure the highest standard of safety, checklists shall
be used as a control to confirm that the systems,
equipment, and tools are in safe working order.
c.
Operational systems, equipment, and tools used in
underwater operations shall be inspected daily and
monitored throughout the operations by designated
persons.
d.
Each person engaged as a diver in the diving operation
shall inspect their personal diving equipment, and their
dive buddies equipment, to confirm its operational
readiness prior to each use. The DDS or his /her designated
alternate shall be likewise required to check the equipment
of each diver before they enter the water.
5.10.2 Entering and Leaving the Water
There shall be a safe means for entering or leaving the water from
the diving platform, such as a ladder, stage, or other appropriate
device. If a ladder is used, it shall extend into the water sufficiently
so as to allow for a safe and comfortable entry or exit.
5.11
HAND-HELD POWER TOOLS
5.11.1 Before Using Hand-Held Power Tools
a.
Before using any hand-held power tools, a Job Safety
Analysis (Attachment 7) shall be performed.
b.
All power tools shall be de-energized at the surface
before being placed into or retrieved from the water.
c.
All underwater electrical equipment powered from topside
shall be equipped with a ground fault interrupter (GFI)
between the power source and the tool.
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5.12
SWITCHES AND CONTROLS
a. All hand-held power tools (i.e., hydraulic and pneumatic tools,
pressurized water jets) shall have a constant pressure switch or
control.
b. Hand-held power tools shall not be supplied with power from the
surface dive location until requested by the diver in the water.
5.13
RECORD KEEPING
The following information shall be recorded on the Dive Plan and DDS’
Log (Attachment 3) form and maintained for each diving operation:
5.14
a.
Names of dive team members including the DDS.
b.
Date, time, and diving location.
c.
Diving mode(s) used.
d.
General nature of the work performed.
e.
Approximate underwater and surface conditions (visibility,
water temperature and current).
f.
Maximum depth and bottom time for each diver.
THERMAL EXPOSURE
5.14.1 Precautions
a.
5.15
Precautions should be taken to protect DEP Divers and
topside personnel from adverse thermal exposure and
maintain proper thermal balance while engaged in diving
operations.
STANDBY DIVER PROCEDURES
5.15.1 Requirements
a.
At least one member of every dive team shall be designated
as the Standby Diver and should be suitably prepared to
enter the water, when directed by the DDS.
b.
Prior to commencement of the diving operation, the
Standby Diver’s equipment shall be fully verified as
functioning correctly and thereafter maintained in that
condition until completion of the dive.
c.
Should the Standby Diver be required to enter the water,
a surface check shall be completed to ensure proper
breathing gas supply, bailout function, and effective
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communications before the diver leaves the surface.
5.16
RESERVE BREATHING GAS SUPPLY
5.16.1 Requirements
a.
A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply must be
provided for all diving operations.
b.
Diver-carried reserve breathing gas supplies must consist of
an independent reserve cylinder with a separate regulator.
c.
If appropriate, the valve of the reserve breathing gas supply
shall be in the closed position prior to the dive.
d.
The diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be of
sufficient duration for use until the diver can reach the
surface from the maximum depth of the dive, another
source of breathing media, or be reached by the Standby
Diver equipped with another source of breathing media.
e.
Air Consumption Calculation
Over several dives, monitor air consumption at a specific
depth (between 30 and 60 fsw is best). Accuracy depends
on staying at a specific depth for the duration of the dive.
Note: Using both the following formula and the chart below, calculate your
per minute surface air consumption rate.
PSI Used
Actual Bottom Time
Depth (Feet)
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
X
Conversion factor
Convert to Surface Rate
.52
.45
.40
.35
.32
.29
.27
.25
=
Surface Air
Convert From Surface Rate
1.91
2.21
2.52
2.82
3.12
3.42
3.73
4.03
Example: on a 30 foot dive for 30 minutes a diver uses 1000 PSI; therefore: 1000 PSI
used/30 minute bottom time x .52 = 17.3 PSI surface air consumption rate
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f.
To convert surface consumption rate to a consumption rate
for a planned depth, use the following formula:
Surface Air Consumption Rate
X Converting From Surface rate
= At Depth PSI Per Minute Consumption Rate
g.
To determine how many minutes a tank will last at the
planned depth:
Tank pressure/At Depth PSI Consumption Rate
Safety Warning: In all cases, the use of the diver-carried reserve breathing
supply shall cause the dive to be aborted. The reason for use of the divercarried reserve breathing supply must be ascertained prior to future diving
being conducted.
5.17
5.18
COMMUNICATIONS
5.17.1
An operational two-way communication system shall be
used between each surface supplied air or mixed-gas diver
and the normal station of the DDS at the dive.
5.17.2
Any time two-way communication is used as a part of a
diving operation, loss of communication procedures shall be
discussed in the pre-dive briefing.
DEP RECORD OF DIVES
The UDSO shall establish and maintain a record of each diver’s
hyperbaric exposure by collecting DEP Dive Logs and Diving Supervisors
Logs on a monthly basis.
5.19
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA)
5.19.1
The purpose of the JSA is to provide a written document
identifying potential hazards associated with each step of a job,
and to develop solutions that will either reduce, eliminate, or
guard against hazards.
5.19.2
Sequence of Basic Job Steps
a.
Break the job into observable steps. Try not to be too
general or detailed.
b.
If the job is complex, break it into several tasks: prepare a
JSA for each task.
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c.
Begin with an active verb, i.e., disconnect, check, invert,
assemble, isolate, start, stop, etc.
d.
Number each step.
5.19.3
Potential Hazards
a.
Identify possible hazards associated with each step and
list that hazard opposite the job step.
b.
Consider potential incident causes (strain, sprain, slip,
fall, cut, crush, etc.).
c.
Consider environmental and health hazards (vapors,
gases, heat, noise, toxicity, etc.).
5.19.4
Recommend Safe Procedures and Protection
a.
Develop solutions for each potential hazard and list the
solution opposite the hazard.
b.
Detail controls.
c.
List required Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
5.19.5
Assign Responsibility
a.
Assign a specific person the responsibility of
implementing the safety procedures or protection
required.
b.
The DDS and UDSO shall retain the overall responsibility
of implementing the safety procedures or protection
required.
5.19.6
5.19.7
Identify the Personnel Involved
a.
Identify the persons preparing, reviewing, and approving
the JSA.
b.
Distribute the JSA to all personnel involved in the job or
task and ensure that each is familiar with the contents of
the JSA.
Revising the Job Safety Analysis
The JSA shall be reviewed annually and updated whenever new
equipment, products, or procedures are introduced into the
work site. This is especially true if an incident has occurred on a
task upon which a JSA has been performed.
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6.0 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS PROCEDURES
6.1
6.2
6.3
DIVING PROCEDURES
6.1.1
Solo, untethered SCUBA diving is prohibited.
6.1.2
A Standby Diver shall be available while a diver is in the water.
6.1.3
Unless the DEP Diver is tethered and is being tended from the
surface, a diver shall be accompanied by another diver (buddy)
in the water in continuous visual contact during diving
operations.
6.1.4
Tended SCUBA diving will be conducted in accordance with
procedures established in this Manual.
6.1.5
Critical information about each dive (maximum depth, bottom
time, surfaces interval, pressure group, beginning and ending
tank pressure, tank identification number) shall be monitored
for each DEP Diver, utilizing the Dive Supervisor’s Log.
SCUBA DIVING LIMITATIONS
6.2.1
The current dive depth limit is 100 fsw (30.48 m). DEP Diving
Program participants may dive to depths greater than 100 fsw
provided that for each dive, a Dive plan is filed with the DSO at
least 72 hours in advance of any dive that is planned to exceed 100
fsw, and such Dive Plan is approved by the DSO.
6.2.2
SCUBA diving shall not be conducted against currents
exceeding one (1) knot unless line-tended.
6.2.3
The ascent rate for all normal SCUBA diving activities shall not
exceed a maximum of 30 feet per minute (fpm).
6.2.4
Maximum depth and bottom time shall be monitored by the
DEP Diver utilizing a depth gauge and timer, a dive computer;
or both.
SURFACE-SUPPLIED DIVING
6.3.1
Restrictions on Surface-Supplied Diving Operations
a.
The following are minimum requirements for surfacesupplied air diving operations:
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(1)
Minimum Personnel - The minimum number of
personnel comprising a dive team shall never be
less than three (3).
(2)
Planning must take into consideration not only the
direct requirements of the work to be performed,
but any additional factors, known or suspected,
that may lead to complications during the conduct
of the intended operation.
b.
A dive team comprised of three persons may not be
adequate to meet the requirements of every diving
operation. It shall be the responsibility of the DDS to
determine the need for additional dive team members or
equipment.
c.
Surface-supplied air diving at depths of 0 - 80 fsw (024.39 m), with no decompression shall have the following
three dive team members:
d.
e.
(1)
A DDS,
(2)
One DEP Diver,
(3)
A tender/diver who shall be properly equipped and
capable of performing the duties of a Standby Diver.
An additional dive team member will normally be
required for any diving operation that has an increased
likelihood of diver entrapment, or potential for rendering
the diver unconscious or incapacitated from chemical,
physical, electrical, or topside hazards, including but not
limited to the following:
(1)
Surface-tended equipment such as hoses or cables
requiring an additional tender/diver
(2)
Hand jetting and water blasting
(3)
Cutting and welding
(4)
Use of any pneumatic or hydraulically operated
tool
(5)
Use of underwater video or sonar equipment
requiring a power or data cable not affixed to the
diver’s umbilical
Diving in remote locations where assistance from non-
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diving support personnel is not immediately available
within communication range of the DDS may require
additional dive team members.
Caution: Although DEP safety standards may permit
diving with a minimum crew of three (3) persons, this is
permitted strictly under optimal conditions.
f.
A minimum of four (4) dive team members should be
scheduled whenever the following conditions exist:
(1)
Diving operations are intended to take place in a
remote location.
(2)
Diving operations are conducted from a vessel.
(3)
Where an air gap from the diving station to the
water exceeds 15 feet (4.6 m).
g.
In any of the situations described in this section the
designated Standby Diver shall be immediately available
to enter the water to provide assistance to the diver when
directed by the DDS.
h.
Whenever diving conditions are such that direct access to
the surface for recovery of the diver from the water is not
possible will normally require an additional dive team
member.
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7.0
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
During an emergency the DDS may deviate from the requirements of the
standard to the extent necessary to prevent or minimize a situation which is
likely to cause death, serious physical harm, or major environmental damage.
7.1
7.2
GENERAL
7.1.1
Each emergency will dictate its own priorities. Diving Units
shall create their own dive accident management plan. In
general, any emergency will cause the dive to be aborted until
the cause has been fully remedied. Refer to the Dive Incident
Management Plan (Attachment 13).
7.1.2
All diving accidents involving any injury shall be reported in
accordance with Workers’ Compensation law and DEP Directive 450.
7.1.3
All diving accidents or injuries shall be reported to the UDSO,
the diver’s immediate supervisor (who will report the injury to
the DEP’s Workers’ Compensation company (OptaComp), and
the DSO. Information must meet the following reporting
requirements:
a.
The DDS shall record the occurrence of any diving-related
injury or illness which requires any dive team member to
be hospitalized for 24 hours or more, or after an episode of
unconsciousness related to diving activity, or after
treatment in a recompression chamber following a diving
accident. The report will specify the circumstances of the
incident and the extent of any injuries or illnesses.
b.
DEP shall record and report occupational injuries and
illnesses in accordance with Florida Administrative Code
Chapter 38I-60, which requires public sector employees to
maintain accurate records of occupational injuries and
illnesses through the use of FDLES form SAF200 or an
equivalent form.
EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
All units will develop an Emergency Action Plan that
contains the following information:
a.
Dive accident management information.
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7.3
7.4
b.
Recompression chamber and emergency room
contact phone numbers.
c.
Incident reporting
paperwork.
d.
The Emergency Action Plan is to be on site
while diving operations are being conducted.
forms
and
associated
EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
a.
A Very High Frequency (VHF) radio or a cellular
telephone will be available at the dive site.
b.
For operations outside the range of VHF and cellular
phones, a single side band radio (frequency 2182) is
recommended.
c.
Emergency phone number (911), VHF (Channel 16),
Divers Alert Network (919) 684-9111 and other pertinent
phone numbers shall be identified during dive planning
and be available on site.
EMERGENCY QUALIFICATIONS OF THE DIVE TEAM
7.4.1
Requirements
All dive team members shall be trained in cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR/AED) and First Aid, an oxygen provider course
which includes manually triggered ventilator and/or bag valve mask., and
Bloodborne Pathogen training.
7.5
EMERGENCY AID
7.5.1
Emergency Aid Protocol
a.
The UDSO shall ensure that an Emergency Contact List of
the available sources of emergency aid, equipment, and
professional assistance with call signs, phone numbers, or
other means and instructions for establishing contact with
them is developed and maintained in a local Dive
Accident Management Plan.
b.
The Emergency Contact List shall include information
necessary to obtain the following types of emergency aid
as appropriate for the type of underwater activity
conducted, such as:
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7. 6
(1)
Location of a recompression chamber (off-site) or
Divers Alert Network
(2)
Nearest hospital/medical treatment facility
(3)
Air or ground emergency transportation
(4)
U.S. Coast Guard, or other responding authority
such as the Fish and Wildlife Commission (FWC)
or local law enforcement
c.
Two-way communications (e.g., VHF radio and cellular
telephone) shall be available and accessible at the dive
location.
d.
For operations outside the range of VHF and cellular
phones, a single side band radio (frequency 2182) is
required.
e.
Emergency phone number (911), VHF (Channel 16),
Divers Alert Network (DAN) at (919) 684-9111 and other
pertinent phone numbers shall be identified during dive
planning and be available at the dive location.
FIRST AID
7.6.1
7.6.2
First Aid Readiness Checklist:
a.
First aid kit,
b.
First aid manual,
c.
Dive Accident Management Plan, and
d.
Emergency Oxygen (O2) Kit with positive pressure or
bag mask, including O2 cylinder, Demand valve w/
hose, non-rebreather mask and bag valve mask.
First Aid Supplies
a.
First aid supplies appropriate for the type of diving
operation being conducted shall be provided and kept
readily accessible in a clearly marked container at the
dive site known to all participants.
b.
In addition to any other first aid supplies, a copy of a
standard first aid handbook, DAN Emergency Manual or
equivalent and a bag-type manual resuscitator with
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transparent mask and tubing (or equivalent device) shall
be available at the dive location during diving operations.
7.6.3
First Aid Kit Checklist/Inventory
a.
A recommended list of the contents for a first aid kit,
including a form for recurring inventory, is provided below to
reflect what should be considered the minimum contents.
Each DDS must review this list and make additions or
substitutions as necessary to ensure that effective and timely
first aid can be furnished when needed.
(1)
100 “Band-Aid” strips - assorted
(2)
Rubbing alcohol
(3)
Vinegar
(4)
One (1) Triangular bandage
(5)
One (1) Roll adhesive tape
(6)
Two (2) Ammonia inhalants
(7)
One (1) Package absorbent cotton
(8)
Bottle eye wash
(9)
One (1) Gauze bandage, 1” x 10 yd.
(10)
One (1) Gauze bandage, 2” x 10 yd.
(11)
One (1) Elastic bandage, 3” x 5 yd.
(l2)
One (1) Trauma dressing, 8” x 10”
(13)
Ten (10) Non-adherent pads, 2” x 3”
(14)
Antiseptic wipes
(15)
One (1) Pair scissors
(16)
Six (6) Pair latex examination gloves
(17)
Four (4) Oval eye patches
(18)
One (1)Cold pack
(19)
One (1) Gel pack, burn dressing kit
(20)
One (1) Tourniquet
(21)
One (1) Rescue airway
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b.
7.7
(22)
One (1) Pair tweezers
(23)
One (1) First aid booklet
(24)
Two (2 )One-way CPR shields
(25)
Four (4) Biohazard bags
(26)
One (1) Bag-type manual
transparent mask and tubing
(27)
One and ½ ounce tube, triple antibiotic
(28)
One (1) tube first aid cream
(29)
One (1) Waterproof case
(30)
One (1) Contents card (first aid kit inventory)
resuscitator
with
The following items are also recommended when diving
operations are conducted at a remote site:
(1)
One (1) Package “Alka-Seltzer Plus”
(2)
One (1) Tube “Benadryl” cream
(3)
One (1) Bottle Antacid Tablets
(4)
One (1) Tube “Neosporin” ophthalmic Ointment
(5)
One (1) Basic Poison Antidote Kit
(6)
One (1) Bottle Insect Repellent
(7)
One (1) Bottle/Tube Sunscreen 15+SPF
(8)
One (1) Bottle “Robitussin DM” cough syrup
(9)
One (1) Bottle Nasal Spray
(10)
One (1) Bottle Ear Drops
DIVING EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL
7.7.1
On-Site Management
a.
Rescue the diver or other victim using the most expedient
and safe method. Bring the victim aboard the vessel and
stabilize. Hyperbaric symptoms often manifest after a
diver boards the vessel; be observant. Nominal
responsibility for leadership is held by the DDS. If the
DDS is the victim, the next most experienced person will
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take charge. Remaining divers in the water should be
immediately recalled using an emergency recall signal
discussed in the pre-dive briefing.
b.
Assign persons to stabilize and assist the diver or other
victim. Use the DAN Emergency Manual to determine the
problem and appropriate treatment or response. Take
appropriate first aid and/or rescue measures. If it is a
hyperbaric trauma incident, and the victim is conscious,
administer 100% oxygen and fluids. Do not administer
drugs (aspirin) and do not place the individual in the
Trendelenberg position. For an unconscious victim, use
appropriate CPR techniques to revive the diver, and
following stabilization, provide oxygen and treat for shock.
Monitor the victim’s dive buddy.
c.
Notify the U.S. Coast Guard that you have had a diving
incident (Channel 16 VHF, 2182 SSB). If you have a
cellular phone you may be able to call 911 or FWC for a
dispatch office as alternatives.
d.
Assign a person as a log keeper and radio operator. Keep
a log of all that transpires. Have the vital information
about the victim: name, age, dive profile, symptoms, any
treatments and medications that are administered to the
victim (log the time). Be prepared to provide an accurate
position to the U.S. Coast Guard (GPS, LORAN, or a
nearby navigation marker). The U.S. Coast Guard will
request size, registration number, color, and type of
vessel.
e.
Be prepared to weigh anchor and pilot the vessel to the
appropriate harbor or position. The U.S. Coast Guard or the
emergency medical service will advise you to remain on
station or to navigate to a harbor or an at sea location.
f.
Give the vital information in writing to the U.S. Coast
Guard or the emergency medical personnel when you
transfer the victim to the U.S. Coast Guard or the
emergency medical service. They may request that
someone accompany the victim to the hospital or
recompression chamber to answer questions and help
with administrative actions. Be prepared.
g.
Report the incident involving any injury in accordance with
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Workers’ Compensation law and DEP Directive 450.
7.7.2
Helicopter Transfer Protocol
In the event that helicopter transfer is required:
7.7.3
7.8
a.
Contact the helicopter on the radio (Channel 16, VHS) to
discuss the transfer.
b.
Lower antennas and secure loose items on the deck.
c.
Normally, the helicopter pilot will request you to pilot
the boat at 10 to 15 knots with the wind 20 degrees off the
port bow. Follow the pilot’s instruction.
d.
Allow the stretcher-basket or ground strap to touch the
deck before touching it with your hands or any other
body part to avoid electrical shock.
e.
Put a personal flotation device (life jacket) on the victim.
Tie the victim in the basket face up. Attach incident
information securely to the victim.
Post Incident Action
a.
Secure all of the victims dive equipment in as-is
condition, for possible inspection. The equipment is not
to be modified or disassembled in any way.
b.
Complete an incident report and submit it to the UDSO.
Refer to the log to provide an accurate account of the
incident. Review your actions and those of the other
individuals and include recommendations that would assist
others to avoid or minimize future incidents of this type.
SPECIFIC EMERGENCY CONDITIONS
7.8.1
Loss of Breathing Gas
a.
Re-establish breathing media supply by:
(1)
Activating a topside secondary breathing gas
supply, OR
(2)
The diver shall resort to use of a bailout bottle.
b.
Alert the Standby Diver.
c.
The Standby Diver shall immediately prepare to enter the
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water.
7.8.2
7.8.3
7.8.4
d.
If required, the DDS shall send the Standby Diver to the
diver’s assistance.
e.
Terminate the dive.
Loss of Communications
a.
Attempt to establish line-pull signals.
b.
Alert the Standby Diver.
c.
If communications cannot be established with the diver, the
DDS shall send the Standby Diver to the diver’s assistance.
d.
Terminate the dive.
Fouled or Entrapped Diver
a.
Ensure that the diver avoids panic and does not ditch
equipment.
b.
The diver or tender shall notify topside of the situation.
c.
Alert the DDS and Standby Diver.
d.
The diver or tender will determine the extent of
entrapment.
e.
The diver shall attempt to free him or herself with the
assistance of the tender.
f.
If required, the DDS shall send the Standby Diver to the
diver’s assistance.
g.
When diver is free, if the diver is unable or unwilling to
continue the dive, or if Standby Diver was required to go
to the diver’s assistance, terminate the dive.
Injured Diver in the Water
a.
The diver shall inform topside and the dive is terminated.
b.
Alert the Standby Diver.
c.
The diver will determine the nature and extent of his/
her injury.
d.
If required, the DDS shall send the Standby Diver down
to assist the diver, administer first aid, and evaluate the
injury. The Standby Diver should remain with diver.
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7.8.5
e.
The Standby Diver shall assist the injured diver to the
surface, following proper decompression procedures,
except when the severity of the injury indicates a greater
risk than omitting decompression.
f.
The DDS shall request appropriate medical assistance
and emergency evacuation if required.
g.
Monitor the diver’s breathing. If breathing stops while
below the surface, overpressure the diver’s regulator, if
possible. If breathing stops topside, administer
emergency oxygen (O2) and first aid.
Equipment Failure with a Diver in the Water
a.
Evaluate the effect of the equipment failure on the diver.
b.
Inform the diver about the problem and communicate the
plan of action.
c.
Alert the Standby Diver.
d.
Alert the support personnel on the vessel.
e.
The diver in the water shall inform topside of his or her
readiness.
f.
Activate the action plan.
g.
Terminate the dive.
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8.0 EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
8.1
GENERAL
A wide range and variety of equipment and systems may be required
to support diving and underwater operations. Equipment utilized shall
be that necessary to assure safe operation under the conditions under
which it shall be employed.
8.2
EQUIPMENT
CHECKLISTS
8.2.1
PROCEDURES,
CONSIDERATIONS
AND
Equipment Preparation
Assemble, lay out, and inspect all diving equipment and spares
intended for the job including all accessory equipment and tools.
8.2.2
Accessory Equipment
Check that all accessory equipment (e.g., tools, lights, special
systems, spares, etc.) are on site and in working order.
8.2.3
Preparing the Breathing Gas Supplies
Check that primary and back-up breathing gas supplies are
available, that breathing gases comply with regulations for
purity, are available in sufficient volumes, and are properly
mixed to accommodate the diving mode and profile, and that
supply pressures are adequate for the intended operations and
helmets/masks to be utilized.
8.2.4
8.3
Final Preparations
a.
Verify that all necessary records, logs, and timesheets are
on the diving station.
b.
Check that appropriate dive tables are readily at hand.
DIVER’S DRESS
8.3.1
General
Diver’s dress shall be suitable for the job intended and thermal
conditions.
8.3.2
Dry Suits
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Dry suits shall:
8.3.3
a.
If fitted with valves, have a means of preventing over
inflation which could result in an uncontrolled ascent.
b.
Be constructed of material suitable to the environment in
which it is to be used.
c.
Protect the diver from the environment, whether
temperature or hazardous material.
Weight System
The weight system shall:
8.3.4
a.
Be of sufficient weight to maintain the diver at the
working depth.
b.
Be equipped with an appropriate release system.
c.
Be attached to the diver in a manner to avoid accidental
disengagement.
Reserve Breathing Gas Supply
Reserve breathing gas supplies shall:
8.4
a.
Have a cylinder meeting the inspection requirements.
b.
Have a separate regulator.
c.
The valve of the reserve breathing gas supply shall be in the
closed position during entry into the water and immediately
opened after entry.
d.
The diver-carried reserve breathing supply shall be of
sufficient duration for use until the diver can reach the
surface from the maximum depth of the dive, another source
of breathing media, or be reached by the Standby Diver
equipped with another source of breathing media.
e.
Be of sufficient capacity to permit return of the diver to the
surface at a rate of 30 feet (10 m) per minute.
COMPRESSOR SYSTEMS
8.4.1
Compressors and Gas Pumps
Compressors, boosters, gas transfer pumps, and filters used to provide
breathing air/gas for diving shall be designed and manufactured to:
a.
Have suitable personnel protection around rotating
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machinery that meets DEP safety standards (equivalent
to OSHA 29 CFR 1910.219).
8.4.2
b.
Have the
operations.
necessary
instrumentation
c.
Be of the proper type, pressure, and flow rate, and be
suitable for service intended.
d.
Have its air intake arranged to be clear of exhaust fumes
and other contaminants.
e.
Have piping in accordance with ANSI code B31.l.
f.
Have electrical controls, wiring, and drive units meeting
the jurisdictional requirements, when so equipped.
g.
Not be used to pump or transfer oxygen unless designed
for oxygen service.
h.
Be cleaned for oxygen service when used with mixtures
of greater than 40% oxygen and equipped using rising
stem type valves.
i.
Be easily accessible to diving personnel, both for routine
maintenance and in an emergency.
j.
Entries shall be made in the equipment log for all
maintenance and repairs performed on the compressor
and gas system.
k.
Results of air quality tests shall be retained by each unit
in a manner suitable to document their results and
accomplishment.
l.
Compressors shall have a unique identity incorporating
manufacturer, model, serial number, maximum rated
outlet pressure, rated flow capacity, and safety valve
settings.
m.
Compressor units
maintenance.
shall
be
subjected
to
to
facilitate
planned
Volume Tanks
Volume tanks or receivers used on compressor or breathing gas
systems shall be in accordance with “Compressed Gas Systems”
(see paragraph 8.5).
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8.4.3
Filtration
Filters, when installed to prevent contamination, must meet or
exceed the flow rate and pressure rating of the compressor or
piping system in which they are installed and be able to deliver
breathing gas in compliance with Compressed Gas Association
(or equivalent) purity standards for extended operation.
8.4.4
Testing
Compressors used for breathing gas shall be functionally tested
per the following schedule:
8.4.5
8.5
a.
Before being put into service.
b.
Periodically in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations and planned maintenance schedule.
c.
At the time of the annual inspection.
d.
Following any repairs which may affect compressor
performance.
Air Purity Requirements
a.
All compressors, transfer pumps, or booster pumps used for
breathing air service will be subjected to a quality test every six
months. Compressors with a discharge pressure of 500 psi or
less shall meet the standards of ANSI CGA 7.1 - 1989 for Grade
D air, as a minimum, and shall contain a maximum of 25 ppm
of total hydrocarbon content (as methane). Compressors with a
discharge pressure which exceeds 500 psi shall meet the
requirements of ANSI CGA 7.1-1989 for Grade E air.
b.
Tests in accordance with CGA shall be taken at the
discharge point which would normally supply the
breathing gas system, the diver’s hose, or cylinder fill point.
c.
Documentation of these tests shall be kept on file and
available upon request.
d.
Compressors used for breathing gas transfer other than
atmospheric air shall be checked every six months to
ensure they do not induce contaminants into the gas
being processed.
COMPRESSED GAS EQUIPMENT
8.5.1
Storage of Gas Cylinders and Tubes
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High pressure gas cylinders or tubes shall:
a.
Be manufactured to recognized code or standard.
b.
Be equipped with an overpressure relief device.
c.
Be visually examined annually for damage or corrosion.
d.
If rack mounted into banks of cylinders or tubes, have
valves and regulators protected from damage caused by
impact or from falling objects.
e.
Be hydrostatically tested to one and a half times Maximum
Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) or code requirements
every five years and stamped with the test date.
f.
Be inspected internally and externally at least annually
for damage or corrosion if used underwater.
g.
Be labeled as to contents.
h.
Be stored in a well-ventilated area, protected from
overheating, and secured from falling.
Caution: Fire warning signs should be erected in the vicinity of
stored oxygen.
i.
A record of the contents and pressure of each cylinder,
quad, or bank should be kept in a designated place. These
records should be updated daily when the system is in use.
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9.0
INCIDENT REPORTING
9.1
9.2
GENERAL PROCEDURES
9.1.1
When an employee or volunteer sustains a job-connected lifethreatening injury or illness during normal work hours, on jobrelated travel or while working special events, call 911
immediately. For all other non-life-threatening emergencies, the
incident should be reported as soon as possible to his/her
supervisor or the supervisor on duty and request first aid or
medical treatment if needed.
9.1.2
It is the supervisor’s responsibility to follow set procedures for
reporting an on-the-job injury or illness with the workers’
compensation carrier. The actual knowledge of any injury
should be reported by the UDSO to the DSO.
9.1.3
If a job-connected injury or illness results in the death of an
employee, the supervisor in charge shall notify the Workers’
Compensation Coordinator in the Bureau of Personnel Services
(BoPS) by telephone or e-mail immediately.
9.1.4
Florida law requires that the death of an employee be reported
to the Department of Financial Services, Division of Risk
Management, Workers’ Compensation Section, within 24 hours
by telephone at (850) 413-1601 or fax (850) 921-2572.
9.1.5
Death claims should also be reported to the Medical Case
Management Provider just like any other claim. Additionally, the
BoPS will ensure the Department DSO is notified of such an event.
DIVING INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT ASSESSMENT
9.2.1
DEP Procedures
The DSAB/DSO/UDSO shall:
a.
Investigate and evaluate each close call and diving
accident.
b.
Investigate and evaluate any incident or accident
involving verified or suspected decompression sickness
based on the recorded information, consideration of the
past performance of the decompression table used, and
individual susceptibility, and take appropriate corrective
action to reduce the probability of recurrence of
decompression illness.
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c.
9.3
Prepare a written evaluation of all diving incidents and
accidents involving verified or suspected decompression
illness, including any corrective action taken, within 45
days of occurrence.
INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
9.3.1
Federal Requirements – U.S. Coast Guard
a.
b.
c.
Title 46 CFR – Department of Transportation – U.S. Coast
Guard, Subchapter V-Marine Occupational Safety and
Health Standards, Part §197.484, requires the Person in
Charge (DEP Diving Safety Officer) to notify the U.S.
Coast Guard Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, as
soon as possible after a diving casualty occurs, if the
casualty involves any of the following:
(1)
Loss of life
(2)
Diving-related injury to any person
incapacitation for more than 72 hours
(3)
Diving-related injury to any person requiring
hospitalization for more than 24 hours
causing
Part §197.486 describes the format of the written report of
casualty and requires:
(1)
That a report be furnished on Form CG-2692 when
the diving installation is on a vessel.
(2)
That a written report, in narrative form, be used
when the diving installation is on a facility.
In either of the instances above, the report must furnish the
following information:
(1)
Name and official number (if applicable) of the
vessel or facility
(2)
Name of the owner or agent of the vessel or facility
(3)
Name of the Person in Charge
(4)
Name of the DDS
(5)
Description of the casualty including presumed cause
(6)
Nature and extent of the injury to persons
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d.
Exemptions from fatality and catastrophic accident
reporting do not exist. Even though most commercial
diving companies are exempt from recordkeeping
requirements (SIC7389), all are required to:
(1) Orally report
(2) Maintain a log of occupational injuries and illnesses
9.3.2
9.3.3
DEP Requirements for Incident and Accident Reporting
a.
All DEP Diving Program incidents or accidents involving
any injury shall be reported in accordance with DEP
Directive 450.
b.
All diving incidents, accidents or injuries shall be
reported to the UDSO, the DDS, DSO and the employee’s
immediate supervisor.
c.
The DDS shall record the occurrence of any divingrelated injury or illness which requires any dive team
member to be hospitalized for 24 hours or more, or after
an episode of unconsciousness related to diving activity,
or after treatment in a recompression chamber following
a diving accident. The report will specify the
circumstances of the incident and the extent of any
injuries or illnesses.
DEP Incident or Accident Reporting Form
The DEP Diving Program Incident or Accident Reporting Form
(Attachment 13) will be used for all applicable incident and
accident reporting.
9.3.4
Records Retention
Reports and medical records shall be retained for five years
except where otherwise mandated by law.
9.4
INCIDENT
AND
DEFINITIONS
9.4.1
ACCIDENT
CLASSIFICATION
AND
Work-Related Incident, Accident or Illness
This includes all incidents, accidents or illnesses that occur while the
offshore employee is on the vessel’s deck, on-shift, or under
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pressure. It includes non-diving incidents occurring on duty at the
diver location, and relating to job performance. Do not include
accidents/incidents relating to recreational activities, travel, or non
job-related activities such as food borne illness. Also do not record
non job-related illnesses such as colds, diseases of a communicable
nature, insect stings, etc. Marine animal stings, diving related ear
infections, contact dermatitis from job-related chemicals, etc. are
reportable.
9.4.2
9.4.3
Reportable Incident or Accident
a.
The basic guideline for this category is to decide whether
the incident or accident required treatment by a licensed
physician. If the incident or accident never results in a
medical expense and is not a DCI case, then it is clearly
non-reportable.
b.
Sutures (stitches), removal of embedded material from
the eye or a wound, and a second doctor visit other than
for purposes of examination and release are reportable.
Restricted Activity Incident, Accident or Illness (RIA)
This is a work-related incident, accident or illness that results in
an employee being unable to perform the full range of activities
to which he or she was assigned for that job. The same time
considerations for lost time incidents, accidents or illness apply
to restricted activity. If the diver is able to work in the shop or
on the vessel’s deck in his or her restricted capacity even though
there may not be work for him or her, then the diver can be
classified as RIA.
9.4.4 Non-Disabling Incident, Accident or Illness
This is a reportable incident, accident or illness that is not lost
time or restricted activity.
9.4.5
Number of Dives
Each time the diver enters the water, submerges, remains
underwater for at least 20 minutes is to be considered one dive.
Repeated submerges and returns to the surface without leaving
the water are considered to be only one dive.
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GLOSSARY
A
ACFM (acfm) – Actual cubic feet per minute. Refers to the actual volume of gas
supplied to a diver, bell, etc. at ambient pressure.
Air Sharing – The sharing of an air supply between divers.
Ambient Pressure – The surrounding pressure at depth (actual or simulated, in a
hyperbaric chamber) to which the diver, bell, etc. is subjected.
Appropriate Breathing Mix – A breathing mixture which, having regard to the
system and equipment used in the diving operations, the work undertaken in
those operations, and the conditions in which and the depth at which they are to
be carried out, is suitable in content and temperature and of adequate pressure.
Ascent Times – The time interval between leaving the bottom when the dive is
terminated and reaching the surface.
ATA (ata) – Atmosphere absolute. Total pressure, including atmospheric, to which
a diver, bell, etc. is subjected.
ATM (atm) – Atmospheric (atm) unit equivalent to 14.7 psi or 760 (mm) of
mercury.
B
Bailout – An emergency situation where a diver leaves bottom and comes directly
to the surface, exceeding normal controlled ascent rates and missing scheduled
decompression water stops.
Bailout Bottle – See Diver-Carried Reserve Breathing Gas.
Bell – An enclosed compartment, pressurized (closed bell) or un-pressurized (open
bell), which allows the diver to be transported to and from the underwater work
area and which may be used as a temporary refuge during diving operations. A
Class I bell is an open bell. A Class II bell is fitted with a lower hatch and can be
closed.
Bends – See Decompression Sickness.
BIBS – Built-In Breathing System. A breathing gas system built into all deck
chambers and SDC’s by which emergency breathing gas or a treatment gas can be
supplied to the diver through an oral-nasal mask or hood.
Bottom Time – The total elapsed time measured in minutes from the time that the
diver leaves the surface in descent to the time that the diver begins ascent.
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Breathing System – Device or apparatus for delivering respirable breathing
mixture.
Buddy Breathing – Sharing of a single air source between divers.
Buddy System – Two (or three, if conditions warrant) comparably equipped
SCUBA divers in the water in constant communication. The buddy system is based
on mutual assistance, especially in the case of an emergency.
Bursting Pressure – The pressure at which a pressure containment device would
fail structurally.
C
Certified Diver – A diver who holds a recognized valid certification from a
nationally or internationally recognized certifying agency.
Cleaned for Oxygen Service – Cleaning of equipment or system to ensure
elimination of all hydrocarbons and other potentially dangerous contaminants
when system is to be used in oxygen service. See also Oxygen Cleaning.
CMAS – Confederation Mondiale Des Activities Subaquatiques.
CNS – Central Nervous System.
Commercial Diver – An individual who has been formally trained in commercial
diving at an accredited training school, a military school, or in some other manner
meeting documented criteria to show a minimum of 317 hours of combined
classroom and practical training meeting the equivalent criteria defined in this
standard.
Compressor – A machine that raises air or other gases to a pressure above one
atmosphere.
CPR – Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation. A combination of artificial respiration and
artificial circulation.
Cylinder – A pressure vessel for the storage of gases.
D
Decompression – Releasing from pressure or compression following a specific
decompression table or procedure during ascent; ascending in the water or
experiencing decreasing pressure in the chamber.
Decompression Chamber – A pressure vessel for human occupancy. Also
sometimes called a hyperbaric chamber or recompression chamber.
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Decompression Schedule – A time-depth profile with a specific bottom time and
depth, whose application is calculated to reduce the pressure on a diver safely.
Decompression Sickness – A condition with a variety of symptoms which causes
the formation of bubbles of gas in the blood or other tissues of the diver during or
subsequent to ascent or other pressure – reduction.
Decompression Table – A set of decompression schedules computed on a
common protocol.
DEP Diving Program Participant – Any FTE, OPS, volunteer or contracted
employee conducting diving for the DEP.
DEP Diver – A category of diver that signifies that the diver has met all of the
requirements of the DEP Underwater Operations Manual and has approval to dive
with DEP from a Unit Diving Safety Officer (UDSO).
Dive – A descent into the water, an underwater diving activity using compressed
breathing gases that are supplied through a hose or cylinder with a pressure
regulator, an ascent, and return to the surface.
Dive Location – The vessel or other structure from which dives are conducted and
supported. More specifically, the point from which the actual dive is controlled.
Dive Site – Physical location of a diver during a dive.
Dive Station – The site from which diving operations are directly controlled. This
site shall also include any auxiliary or peripheral equipment necessary to the
conduct of the diving operation.
Dive Table – A profile or set of profiles of depth-time relationships for ascent rates
and breathing mixtures to be followed after a specific depth-time exposure or
exposures.
Dive Team – Tender/Divers, divers, and diver support personnel involved in a
diving operation, including the Designated Diving Supervisor.
Diving Mode – A type of diving using specific equipment, procedures, and
techniques, such as, snorkel, SCUBA, surface-supplied air, or mixed gas.
Diving Safety and Advisory Board (DSAB) – Group of individuals who act as the
official representative of the organization in matters concerning the DEP Diving
Program.
Diving Safety Officer (DSO) – Individual responsible for the safe conduct of the
DEP Diving Program.
Diver-Worn Equipment – That equipment required for the safety and well-being
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of the diver, worn or attached to the diver while underwater.
Diving Bell – See Bell and Submersible Decompression Chamber/SDC.
Diving Operations – Any work operation requiring some type of diving or work
underwater that involves planned human exposure to increased pressures to
perform the job.
Diving Operating Personnel – Any member of the dive team whose activities are
regularly scheduled as necessary to conduct diving operations at or from the dive
station.
Designated Diving Supervisor – The person having complete responsibility for
the safety of the diving operation including the responsibility for the safety and
health of all diving personnel.
Dry Suit – A diving suit designed to exclude water from the surface of the body.
DDS – Designated Diving Supervisor.
E
Emergency Ascent – An ascent made under emergency conditions where the diver
exceeds the normal ascent rate.
Embolism – See Gas Embolism.
Exhaust Valve – A valve controlling the venting of gas from any higher pressure
source such as a DDC, diver’s helmet, suit, buoyancy system, volume tank, etc.
F
FFW – Feet of fresh water, or equivalent static head.
FSW (fsw) – A foot of seawater. A unit of pressure at sea level generally defined as
representing the pressure exerted by a foot of seawater having a specific gravity of
1.027, and is equal to approximately 0.445 pounds per square inch.
G
Gas Embolism – A condition caused by expanding gases which have been taken
into and retained in the lungs while breathing under pressure, being forced into
the bloodstream or other tissues during ascent or decompression.
H
Harness – The combination of straps and fasteners used to attach equipment,
umbilical or tether to the diver which can be utilized as a lifting point to remove
the diver from the water in the event of an emergency.
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Hyperbaric Chamber – See decompression chamber.
Hyperbaric Conditions – Pressure conditions in excess of normal atmospheric
pressure at the dive location.
Hypothermia – Profound loss of body heat.
I, J, K
No Entries
L
Liveboating – The practice of supporting a diver from a vessel which is not
anchored. This operation is one of the most hazardous diving operations, and it is
restricted to SCUBA diving only.
M
M.A.W.P. – Maximum allowable working pressure. See Maximum Working
Pressure.
Maximum Working Pressure – The maximum pressure to which a pressure
containment device can be exposed under operating conditions (usually the
pressure setting of the pressure relief device).
Mixed Gas Diving – A diving technique in which the diver is supplied with a gas
mixture other than air for respiration.
N
NASDS – National Association of SCUBA Diving Schools.
NAUI - National Association of Underwater Instructors.
Nitrox – Any gas mixture comprised predominately of nitrogen and oxygen, most
frequently containing between 21% and 40% oxygen. Also can be referred to as
Enriched Air Nitrox, abbreviated EAN.
NOAA Diving Manual – Refers to the NOAA Diving Manual, Diving for Science and
Technology, 2001 edition. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Office of Undersea Research, US Department of Commerce.
No-Decompression Diving – Diving which involves depths and times shallow
and short enough so that the ascent can be made to the surface without water stops
or subsequent chamber decompression.
Non-return Valve (Check Valve) – A one-way check valve installed in a fluid or
gas system to permit flow in one direction only. All diving helmets must have a
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non-return valve at the gas supply inlet to prevent depressurization of the helmet
and the resultant squeeze, should the gas supply be lost.
Normal Ascent – An ascent made with an adequate air supply at a rate of 30 feet
per minute or less.
O
Over Bottom Pressure – That pressure above ambient, at which a breathing gas
supply must be supplied to the helmet/mask so that the diver will have a
sufficient supply of gas.
Oxygen Cleaning – Special cleaning process for equipment to be used in oxygen
systems which removes all flammables.
Oxygen Compatibility – The ability of a substance to come in contact with high
pressure oxygen without ignition.
Oxygen Toxicity – A medical emergency resulting in convulsions and
unconsciousness if gone unchecked; caused by breathing a high partial pressure of
oxygen under pressure.
P
PADI – Professional Association of Diving Instructors.
Partial Pressure – That portion of the total gas pressure exerted by a particular
constituent of the breathing mixture.
Person in Charge (Designated Diving Supervisor, Vessel Captain, Facility
Manager) – In relation to the diving operation, vessel, or facility, includes the
captain or any other person made responsible by the owner for the vessel or
facility, its operation, and the safety, health, and welfare of those on board.
Pneumofathometer – A depth measuring device consisting of an open-end hose
fixed to the diver, with the surface end connected to a gas supply and pressure
gauge (usually marked in fsw). Gauge measures pressure required to discharge
water to depth of diver.
Pressure-Related Injury – An injury resulting from pressure disequilibrium
within the body as the result of hyperbaric exposure. Examples include:
decompression sickness, pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema, air embolism,
subcutaneous emphysema, or ruptured eardrum.
PSI (psi) – Pounds per square inch. An expression of pressure, for example, one
atmosphere equals 14.7 psi.
Q
No Entry
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R
Recompression Chamber – See decompression chamber.
Relief Valve – A pressure-relieving device that prevents pressure from rising
above a preset level.
Reserve Breathing Gas – A diver-carried independent supply of air or mixed gas
(as appropriate) sufficient under standard operating conditions to allow the diver
to reach the surface, or another source of breathing gas, or to be reached by
another diver.
S
Saturation Diving – Procedures in accordance with which a diver is continuously
subjected to an ambient pressure greater than atmospheric pressure so that his
body tissues and blood become saturated with the constituent elements of the
breathing gas. Once the diver’s body becomes saturated, he can remain within a
specified zone for an unlimited time without incurring any additional
decompression obligation.
Scientific Diving – Scientific diving is defined (29 CFR, Part 1910.402) as diving
performed solely as a necessary part of a scientific, research, or educational activity
by employees whose sole purpose for diving is to perform scientific research tasks.
SCUBA Diving – Acronym for Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.
A diving mode independent of a surface supply of breathing gas. Used to describe
an apparatus in which the inspired air is delivered by demand regulator and
exhaled into the surrounding water (open-circuit); the air supply is carried on the
diver’s back. Primarily used for relatively shallow recreational-related diving.
Squeeze – A lack of equalization between parts of the body or between the body
and equipment. Extreme cases can cause severe injury or death.
Standby Diver(s) – Another qualified diver at the dive location who in a state of
readiness to go to the assistance of the diver in the water.
Surface Supplied Diving – A diving mode where the breathing gas is supplied
from the surface by means of a pressurized umbilical hose. The umbilical generally
consists of a gas supply hose, strength member, pneumofathometer hose, and
communication line. The umbilical supplies a helmet or full-face mask. The diver
may rely on the tender at the surface to keep up with the divers’ depth, time and
diving profile.
SSI – SCUBA Schools International
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T
Treatment Tables – A depth, time, and breathing gas profile designed to treat a
diver for gas embolism or decompression sickness.
U
Umbilical – A hose bundle between the diver and the dive location which supplies
the diver with a lifeline, breathing gas, communications, power, and heat as
appropriate to the diving mode or conditions. An underwater television camera,
etc. can also be carried as a component part of the umbilical or can be taped or
banded to the umbilical on a temporary basis.
Unit Diving Safety Officer (UDSO) – The individual responsible for the safe
conduct of diving with a specified DEP Diving Unit.
V
Valve – A device that starts, stops, or regulates the flow of fluids.
Volume Tank – A pressure vessel connected to the outlet of a gas supply and used
as a gas reservoir.
Volunteer – A volunteer is any person who, of his or her own free will, provides
goods or services to the Department or agency with no monetary or material
compensation (definition from Chapter 110.501, Florida Statutes).
Volunteer Diver -- A Volunteer Diver (regular service) is a non-DEP employee
who has completed the necessary DEP forms that approve them for volunteer
status, provides on-going service as a volunteer and who has the approval of
appropriate Department staff to assist with the project by diving. Regular service
Volunteer Divers must meet the same requirements as DEP employees while
working on long term and routine DEP dive projects. Occasional service Volunteer
Divers may be authorized by the UDSO to participate in one time or infrequent
volunteer service involving diving. These volunteers must meet the minimum
qualifications set forth in the DEP Underwater Operations Manual.
W
Weight Belt – A belt worn by a diver to achieve desired buoyancy.
Working Pressure – The pressure to which a pressure containment device is
exposed under normal operating conditions.
Work Site – An underwater location where work is performed
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X, Y, Z
No Entries
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ATTACHMENT 1: DIVE PLAN
APPROVED BY UDSO
Date:
DISAPPROVED BY UDSO
To:
(Failure to have this dive plan approved by the UDSO prior to diving
constitutes an unapproved dive and may result in disciplinary actions)
From:
Diving Objective:
Dive Buddy Team
Dive Site
Dive Mode:
Diver Name
GPS
Location
SCUBA
Nitrox
Date of Dive
Phone No. of
Supervisor/Contact
Depth
of Dive
Number
of Dives
Surface Supplied
Other:
Name of Supervisor/Contact
Dive
Platform
Special
Hazards
Repetitive Diving
Basic Equipment Checklist:
Regulator
Buoyancy Compensator
Dive Knife
Pressure Gauge
Weight Belt
Time Keeping Device
Depth Gauge
Mask, Snorkel, Fins
Protective Clothing
Dive Computer - list type___ ______________________
(Personal equipment must be properly maintained and must be approved for use by the UDSO.
P indicates personal equipment)
Special equipment requirements:
Safety Checklist:
Check Weather
Check Seas
Check Currents
Diver’s Flags
Oxygen Kit
First Aid Kit
Radio/Cell Phone
Dive Tables
Check Nearest Chamber
Check Helicopter Medical Evacuation avail.
SEE REVERSE SIDE FOR EMERGENCY INFORMATION
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Mode
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EMERGENCY CONTACT INFORMATION
Local Emergency:
911
Coast Guard:
Fill in appropriate information.
Police:
Fill in appropriate information.
Sheriff:
Fill in appropriate information.
Nearest Hospital:
Fill in appropriate information.
Other:
______________________________________
Shore Contact Name and Phone Number
DIVING MEDICAL EMERGENCIES:
Divers Alert Network (DAN): (919) 684-9111 (24-hour emergency number)
Nearest Operational Recompression Chamber:
NON LIFE-THREATENING INJURY:
For an EMERGENCY, first call 911, then the supervisor should report the claim to
OptaComp at the following toll-free number, (877) 518-2583.
If the injury is not an emergency, the supervisor should immediately report the
claim to OptaComp at the following toll-free number, (877) 518-2583. (Contact the
medical facility as directed by DEP’s workers’ compensation vendor, OptaComp.)
DEP DIVING SAFETY OFFICER:
Name
Organization
Address
Phone:
Cell:
Fax:
Jeff Loflin
Program Administrator/Dive Safety Officer
Office of Safety and Loss Control
Florida Department of Environmental Protection
3900 Commonwealth Blvd, MS 60
Tallahassee Florida 32399
[email protected]
Phone: (850) 245-2312 Cell: (850) 519-4250
Fax: (850) 245-2338
A copy of the approved plan goes to the Lead Diver, original to UDSO dive files.
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ATTACHMENT 2: DEP DIVE LOG
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ATTACHMENT 3: DEP DIVING SUPERVISOR’S DIVE LOG
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ATTACHMENT 4: PRE-DIVE CHECKLIST
DEP PRE-DIVE CHECKLIST
I. Mission Safety
YES
NO
1
Dive objectives and goals are defined, reviewed and understood by the dive
team and support personnel.
YES
NO
2
The Diving Incident Management Plan is posted, coordinated and reviewed
(i.e., chamber availability, evacuation route, etc.), and all personnel are
informed of their duties.
3
Pre-dive briefing has been conducted.
YES
NO
II. Evaluate and Prepare for Potential Hazards
4
Identify dive site entry procedures and exit access point(s).
YES
NO
5
Define depth, bottom time and cylinder ending pressure limits for the planned
dive.
YES
NO
Evaluate and discuss potential for entrapment, entanglement, and other
physical or mechanical hazards.
YES
NO
6
III. Diving and Support Personnel
7
Ensure that all divers are authorized to perform their assigned duties.
YES
NO
8
Ensure that all divers are qualified to safely complete assigned underwater
tasks.
Ensure that support personnel understand all diver hand signals, emergency
recall signals and can offer immediate assistance in case of an emergency.
YES
NO
YES
NO
Ensure that all divers entering the water have a designated dive buddy in the
water with them with equally matched dive skills. Solo diving is prohibited
within the DEP Diving Program.
YES
NO
10
YES
NO
11
Provide an assessment of repetitive dive designations if a previous dive was
made within 12 hours.
9
IV. Equipment
All support equipment (boats, compressor, oxygen kit, tools, etc.) are
operated by trained personnel.
YES
NO
12
13
All dive techniques to be used are safe, appropriate and authorized.
YES
NO
14
All tools are appropriate for the task(s).
YES
NO
YES
NO
15
Complete diving first aid kit, first aid handbook, oxygen resuscitator, Divemaster
kit, a complete set of no-decompression air and Nitrox tables, and dive flags are
on site.
ORGANIZATION:
DIVE LOCATION:
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE REVIEWED:
COMPLETED BY:
REVIEWED BY:
(Name/Title)
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(Name/Title)
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ATTACHMENT 5: POST-DIVE CHECKLIST
DEP POST-DIVE CHECKLIST
1
Dive team buddies have remained together for a minimum of 30 minutes
after each dive and have monitored each other’s condition during that
time.
YES
NO
2
Notify watch on the vessel's bridge when operations are completed (if
applicable).
YES
NO
3
Ensure that all personal dive and support equipment is thoroughly
cleaned and properly stowed.
YES
NO
4
Monitor Divers for signs and symptoms of pressure-related illnesses or
injuries for a minimum of 2 hours after each dive.
YES
NO
5
Conduct Divers’ debrief and critique operations, including procedures
for flying after diving (if applicable).
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
6
7
8
ORGANIZATION:
DIVE LOCATION:
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE REVIEWED:
COMPLETED BY:
REVIEWED BY:
(Name/Title)
(Name/Title)
COMMENTS:
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ATTACHMENT 6: STATEMENT OF TRAINING AND UNDERSTANDING
Statement of Training and Understanding
Compressed air diving is a physical activity that requires heavy exertion. A diver
must be in good general health, free from cardiovascular and respiratory disease,
and have good exercise tolerance. While using skin diving, SCUBA, or surfacesupplied diving equipment, the body is subject to a variety of influences that may
become potentially hazardous. Risks to health and safety include, but are not
limited to, drowning, ruptured eardrums or sinuses, air embolism, dysbaric
osteonecrosis, and decompression sickness (barotrauma). There are organisms in
the water that may bite, sting, scratch, claw, or inject substances into the body.
Environmental hardships include but are not limited to rough seas, poor visibility,
strong currents, and cold temperature. When diving from a boat, a person may be
subjected to injury from activity related to equipment handling or just being
present on a vessel at sea. The individual diver must be aware that he or she is
ultimately responsible for his or her own safety. It is clearly the diver's
responsibility to refuse to dive if, in their judgment, conditions are not safe or other
factors preclude diving (health, equipment, sea state, etc.).
I have read and understand the DEP Underwater Operations Manual as it
applies to DEP Diving. (Return this signed document to the UDSO.)
___________________________________________
(Applicant's Signature)
___________________________________________
(Printed Name)
_____________________
Date
___________________________________________
(Signature of Diving Unit Supervisor)
___________________________________________
(Printed Name and Title)
_____________________
Date
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ATTACHMENT 7: JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA) FORM
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA) FORM
Location:
Date:
Page 1 of 1
New
Revised
Job or Task:
#
Basic Job Steps
Prepared By:
Potential Hazards
Reviewed By:
Recommended Safe Procedures
and Protection
Responsibility
Approved By:
Distribution:
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ATTACHMENT 8: DSAB NOTIFICATION OF A DEP DIVER
DIVING SAFETY and ADVISORY BOARD NOTIFICATION OF
QUALIFICATION AS A DEP DIVER
To:
DEP Diving Safety and Advisory Board
From:
__________________________, Unit Diving Safety Officer
Division:
__________________________
The following individual(s) has/have qualified to participate in the DEP Diving Program as
a DEP Diver:
Name: __________________________________
UDSO Signature: _________________________________ Date: _____________________
Approved by: ____________________________________ Date: _____________________
Reviewed By: ____________________________________ Date: _____________________
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ATTACHMENT 9: PRE- AND POST-DIVE BRIEFING
PRE- AND POST-DIVE BRIEFING
PRE-DIVE
1. General goals and objectives
2. Potential hazards and precautions
3. Dive plan (maximum depth, maximum bottom time, Buddy System, and 500 psi
ending cylinder pressure)
4. Entry and exit location and procedures
5. Descent, on-bottom, and ascent procedures
6. Emergency procedures
7. Readiness to dive (health and equipment issues)
POST-DIVE
1. Health-related issues
2. Completion of goals and objectives
3. Suggestions for next team or teams
4. Equipment-related problems
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ATTACHMENT 10: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STANDARDS
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ATTACHMENT 11: 29 CFR 1910, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS;
SUBPART T, COMMERCIAL DIVING OPERATIONS, APPENDIX A, EXAMPLES OF
CONDITIONS WHICH MAY RESTRICT OR LIMIT EXPOSURE TO HYPERBARIC
CONDITIONS
The following disorders may restrict or limit occupational exposure to hyperbaric
conditions depending on severity, presence of residual effects, response to therapy, number
of occurrences, diving mode, or degree and duration of isolation.
•
History of seizure disorder other than early febrile convulsions
•
Malignancies (active) unless treated and without recurrence for 5 yrs
•
Chronic inability to equalize sinus and/or middle ear pressure
•
Cystic or cavitary disease of the lungs
•
Impaired organ function caused by alcohol or drug use
•
Conditions requiring continuous medication for control (e.g., antihistamines,
steroids, barbiturates, mood altering drugs, or insulin)
•
Meniere's disease
•
Hemoglobinopathies
•
Obstructive or restrictive lung disease
•
Vestibular end organ destruction
•
Pneumothorax
•
Cardiac abnormalities (e.g., pathological heart block, valvular disease,
intraventricular conduction defects other than isolated right bundle branch
block, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease)
•
Juxta-articular osteonecrosis
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ATTACHMENT 12: EXAMPLE OF A DIVING INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT
MANAGEMENT PLAN
1.0
DIVE INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT PLAN: CONSCIOUS
AND ALERT DIVING INCIDENT VICTIM
1.1
Evaluate victim’s Airway, Breathing, and Circulation (ABCs).
1.2
Put the victim on 100% oxygen using a positive-pressure/demand oxygen
resuscitator.
1.3
Call 911 (local EMS) and the U.S. Coast Guard at (305) 292-8856, or hail them on
VHF radio, channel 16, to report the diving incident. The EMS dispatcher will
notify land transportation, Lower Keys Medical Center Emergency Room (305)
294-5531, and the Special Forces Underwater Operations Group (Naval Facility).
1.4
Evaluate the victim and gather additional information about the incident:
1.4.1
Perform a 5-minute field neurological examination on the stricken diver.
1.4.2
Gather as much information about the dive as possible.
1.4.3
Interview the victim’s dive buddy for additional information.
1.4.4
Secure victim’s dive gear for examination.
Caution: Do not disassemble gear or exhaust any air from the system.
1.5
If decompression sickness is suspected or any other type of pressure-related injury
(arterial gas embolism, pneumothorax, etc.) keep the victim on his/her back.
Caution: Do not raise the victim’s legs.
1.6
Place the victim on his/her side if nauseated or vomiting – keep the airway
clear.
1.7
The victim should be transported to Lower Keys Medical Center Emergency
Room for evaluation. The Special Forces Underwater Operations Group
(Naval Facility) is the closest available recompression chamber.
1.8
If not nauseated and not experiencing altered level of consciousness, give the
victim water to drink during transportation to the Lower Keys Medical
Center Emergency Room.
1.9
Continue oxygen administration.
1.10
Send any and all information about the dive with the victim to the hospital
including results of field neurological examination.
1.11
Keep victim comfortable and observe for shock or change in condition.
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1.12
2.0
Based on the evaluation by the doctor at Lower Keys Medical Center
Emergency Room, the victim may be transported to the Special Forces
Underwater Operations Group (Naval Facility) for treatment.
DIVE INCIDENT PLAN: UNCONSCIOUS AND NON-RESPONSIVE DIVING
INCIDENT VICTIM
2.1
Evaluate victim’s Airway, Breathing, and Circulation (ABCs).
2.2
Start cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, or rescue breathing using a positive
pressure/demand oxygen resuscitator.
2.3
Call 911 (local EMS) and the U.S. Coast Guard at (305) 292-8856, or hail them
on VHF radio, channel 16, to report the diving incident. The EMS dispatcher
will notify land transportation, Lower Keys Medical Center Emergency Room
(305) 294-5531, and the Special Forces Underwater Operations Group (Naval
Facility).
2.4
Evaluate the victim and gather additional information about the incident:
2.4.1
Gather as much information about the dive as possible.
2.4.2
Interview the victim’s dive buddy for additional information.
2.4.3
Secure victim’s dive gear for examination.
Caution: Do not disassemble gear or exhaust any air from the system.
3.0
2.5
Transport the victim to the harbor closest to the dive site where a local
ambulance should be standing-by to evacuate the victim to Lower Keys
Medical Center Emergency Room by local ambulance.
2.6
If there is a problem transporting the victim to the nearest harbor or if the time
delay is significant (>2 hours), call or radio the USCG at (305) 292-8856 or VHF –
channel 16, to arrange air evacuation of the victim. The USCG air evacuation team
will coordinate with Lower Keys Medical Center Emergency Room.
MEDICAL ASSISTANCE AND RECOMPRESSION CHAMBER CONTACT
INFORMATION
3.1
Before commencing dive operations, the Divemaster will contact the primary
recompression chamber to ensure that the chamber is operational and
available to receive patients. If the primary chamber is not operational,
alternate facilities should be contacted.
3.2
Primary recompression chamber facility:
3.2.1
Special Forces Underwater Operations Group (Naval Facility).
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3.3
3.2.2
Naval Air Station Fleming Key, Key West, FL 33040.
3.2.3
DMO Cell (305) 797-2712 (Dr. Stabile), Chamber Sup. (305) 797-2704
Call for availability and Emergency 24 hrs (305) 797-2699.
Alternate telephone numbers for recompression chambers and medical advice
are:
3.3.1
3.4
Mariners Hospital (Director Daniel Holstein): (305) 853-1603 – MM91,
Tavernier, FL. After hours and weekends ER (305) 434-3000, Chamber
(305) 853-1600.
Divers Alert Network
3.4.1 6 West Colony Place, Durham, NC 27705
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ATTACHMENT 13: DEP DIVING PROGRAM INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT
REPORTING FORM
DEP DIVING PROGRAM INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT REPORTING FORM
To:
DEP DSO
CC:
DSAB
<Name>, <Title> (Employee’s Immediate Supervisor)
From: <Name>, Unit Diving Safety Officer
Subject: <Incident> <Accident> Report
Date of <Accident> <Incident>: __________________________
Location of <Incident> <Accident>: ________________________________________________
Description of <Incident> <Accident>: ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Nature and Extent of <Damage> <Injury> <Event>: ______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Additional Comments by Unit Diving Safety Officer: ______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Reviewed By (Name and Title): ____________________________________ for the DSO
Date of Review: _____________________________
Recorded By (Name and Title): ____________________________________ for the Board
Date Recorded: _____________________________
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ATTACHMENT 14: MEDICAL EVALUATION REQUIREMENT
A.
B.
General
1.
DEP shall determine that dive team members have passed a current diving
physical examination and have been declared by the examining physician to
be fit to engage in diving activities as may be limited or restricted in the
medical evaluation report.
2.
All medical evaluations required by this standard shall be performed by, or
under the direction of, a licensed physician of the applicant-diver’s choice,
preferably one trained in diving/undersea medicine.
3.
The diver should be free of any chronic disabling disease and be free of any
conditions contained in the list of conditions for which restrictions from
diving is generally recommended.
Frequency of Medical Evaluations
Medical evaluation shall be completed:
C.
1.
Before a diver may begin diving, unless an equivalent medical evaluation has
been given within the preceding 5 years (3 years if over the age of 40, 2 years
if over the age of 60), DEP has obtained the results of that examination, and
those results have been reviewed and found satisfactory by DEP and the DCB.
2.
Thereafter, at five year intervals up to age 40, every three years after the age
of 40, and every two years after the age of 60.
3.
Clearance to return to diving must be obtained from a physician following
any major injury or illness, or any condition requiring hospital care. If the
injury or illness is pressure related, then the clearance to return to diving must
come from a physician trained in diving medicine.
Laboratory Requirements for Diving Medical Evaluation and Intervals.
Test/Procedure
< age 40
>age 40
x
Every 5 yrs
Every 3 yrs
Every 2 yrs
neurological and otological components
x
Every 5 yrs
Every 3 yrs
Every 2 yrs
Chest X-ray
x
Spirometry
x
Hematocrit or Hemoglobin
x
Every 5 yrs
Every 3 yrs
Every 2 yrs
Urinalysis
x
Every 5 yrs
Every 3 yrs
Every
Medical history
Baseline
>age 60
Complete Physical Exam, emphasis on
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Any further tests deemed necessary
by the physician
x
Every 5 yrs
Every 3 yrs
*Exercise stress testing may be indicated
2
based on risk factor assessment.
>40
Every 3 yrs
Every 2 yrs
Assessment of coronary artery disease
1
using Multiple-Risk-Factor Assessment
(age, lipid profile, blood pressure, diabetic
screening, smoker)
>40
Every 3 yrs
Every 2 yrs
Resting EKG
Every 3 yrs
Every 2 yrs
>40
Every 2 yrs
1
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk by Use of Multiple-Risk-Factor Assessment
Equations.” Grundy et al. 1999. AHA/ ACC Scientific Statement http://www.acc.org/
clinical/consensus/risk/risk1999.pdf
2
Gibbons RJ, et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines for Exercise Testing. A report of the American
College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
(Committee on Exercise Testing). Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 30:260311, 1997. http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/exercise/exercise.pdf
D.
Information Provided Examining Physician
The DEP Dive Unit shall provide a copy of the medical evaluation requirements of
this standard to the examining physician.
E.
Content of Medical Evaluations
Medical examinations conducted initially and at the intervals specified above
in B. Frequency of Medical Evaluations shall consist of the following:
F.
1.
Applicant agreement for release of medical information to the UDSO
/DSO
2.
Medical history
3.
Diving physical examination
Conditions that May Disqualify Candidates from Diving (Adapted from Bove, 1998)
1.
Abnormalities of the tympanic membrane, such as perforation, presence of a
monomeric membrane, or inability to autoinflate the middle ears
2.
Vertigo including Meniere’s disease
3.
Stapedectomy or middle ear reconstructive surgery
4.
Recent ocular surgery
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G.
5.
Psychiatric disorders including claustrophobia, suicidal ideation, psychosis,
anxiety states, untreated depression
6.
Substance abuse, including alcohol
7.
Episodic loss of consciousness
8.
History of seizure
9.
History of stroke or a fixed neurological deficit
10.
Recurring neurologic disorders, including transient ischemic attacks
11.
History of intracranial aneurysm, other vascular malformation or intracranial
hemorrhage
12.
History of neurological decompression illness with residual deficit
13.
Head injury with sequelae
14.
Hematologic disorders including coagulopathies
15.
Evidence of coronary artery disease or high risk for coronary artery disease
16.
Atrial septal defects
17.
Significant valvular heart disease – isolated mitral valve prolapse is not
disqualifying
18.
Significant cardiac rhythm or conduction abnormalities
19.
Implanted cardiac pacemakers and cardiac defibrillators (ICD)
20.
Inadequate exercise tolerance
21.
Severe hypertension
22.
History of spontaneous or traumatic pneumothorax
23.
Asthma
24.
Chronic pulmonary disease, including radiographic evidence of pulmonary
blebs, bullae or cysts
25.
Diabetes mellitus
26.
Pregnancy
Physician’s Written Report
After any medical examination relating to the individual’s fitness to dive, the organizational
member shall obtain a written report prepared by the examining physician, which shall contain
the examining physician’s opinion of the individual’s fitness to dive, including any
recommended restrictions or limitations. This will be reviewed by the UDSO.
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DIVING MEDICAL EXAM OVERVIEW FOR THE EXAMINING PHYSICIAN (Part 1 of the Medical
Evaluation)
TO THE EXAMINING PHYSICIAN:
This person, _____________________, requires a medical examination to assess his/her fitness for
certification as a SCUBA Diver for the Department of Environmental Protection. His/her answers on the
Diving Medical History Form (attached) may indicate potential health or safety risks as noted. Your
evaluation is requested on the attached SCUBA Diving Fitness Medical Evaluation Report.
If you have questions about diving medicine, you may wish to consult one of the references on the attached
list or contact one of the physicians with expertise in diving medicine whose names and phone numbers
appear on an attached list. Please contact the undersigned Unit Diving Safety Officer if you have any
questions or concerns about diving medicine or the department’s standards. Thank you for your assistance.
__________________________________
DEP Unit Diving Safety Officer
________________
Date
_____________________________________
Print Name
__________________
Phone Number
Conditions Which May Disqualify Candidates From Diving:
1.
Abnormalities of the tympanic membrane, such as perforation, presence of a monomeric membrane, or
inability to auto inflate the middle ears
2.
Vertigo including Meniere’s Disease
3.
Stapedectomy or middle ear reconstructive surgery
4.
Recent ocular surgery
5.
Psychiatric disorders including claustrophobia, suicidal ideation, psychosis, anxiety states, untreated
depression
6.
Substance abuse, including alcohol
7.
Episodic loss of consciousness
8.
History of seizure
9.
History of stroke or a fixed neurological deficit
10. Recurring neurologic disorders, including transient ischemic attacks
11. History of intracranial aneurysm, other vascular malformation or intracranial hemorrhage
12. History of neurological decompression illness with residual deficit
13. Head injury with sequelae
14. Hematologic disorders including coagulopathies
15. Evidence of coronary artery disease or high risk for coronary artery disease
16. Atrial septal defects
17. Significant valvular heart disease – isolated mitral valve prolapse is not disqualifying
18. Significant cardiac rhythm or conduction abnormalities
19. Implanted cardiac pacemakers and cardiac defibrillators (ICD)
20. Inadequate exercise tolerance
21. Severe hypertension
22. History of spontaneous or traumatic pneumothorax
23. Asthma
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24. Chronic pulmonary disease, including radiographic evidence of pulmonary blebs, bullae or cysts
25. Diabetes mellitus
26. Pregnancy
MEDICAL EVALUATION OF FITNESS FOR SCUBA DIVING REPORT (Part 2 of the Medical
Evaluation)
___________________________________
_______________________
Name of Applicant (Print or Type)
Date(Mo/Day/Year)
To The PHYSICIAN:
This person is an applicant for training or is presently certified to engage in diving with self-contained
underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA). This is an activity which puts unusual stress on the
individual in several ways. Your opinion on the applicant's medical fitness is requested. SCUBA diving
requires heavy exertion. The diver must be free of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. An absolute
requirement is the ability of the lungs, middle ear and sinuses to equalize pressure. Any condition that
risks the loss of consciousness should disqualify the applicant.
TESTS: Please initial that the following tests were completed.
[ ] Initial Examination
[ ] Re-examination (Every 5 years under age 40, or
first exam over age 40, every 3 years over age 40,
every 2 years over age 60)
Medical History
Medical History
Complete Physical Exam with emphasis on
neurological and otological components
Complete Physical Exam with emphasis
on neurological and otological
components
Chest X-Ray
Chest X-Ray
Spirometry
Urinalysis
Hematocrit or Hemoglobin
Any further tests deemed necessary by the
physician
_____
Urinalysis
Blood Work
Any further tests deemed necessary by the
physician
Additional testing for initial exam over age 40
Additional testing for over age 40
Resting EKG
Resting EKG
Assessment of coronary artery disease
using Multiple-Risk-Factor Assessment
(age, lipid profile, blood pressure, diabetic
screening, smoker)
Assessment of coronary artery disease
using Multiple-Risk-Factor Assessment
(age, lipid profile, blood pressure, diabetic
screening, smoker)
Note: Exercise stress testing may be indicated based on risk factor assessment.
RECOMMENDATION:
[ ] APPROVAL. I find no medical condition(s) which I consider incompatible with diving.
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[ ] RESTRICTED ACTIVITY APPROVAL. The applicant may dive in certain circumstances as described in
REMARKS.
[ ] FURTHER TESTING REQUIRED. I have encountered a potential contraindication to diving. Additional
medical tests must be performed before a final assessment can be made. See REMARKS.
[ ] REJECT. This applicant has medical condition(s) which, in my opinion, clearly would
constitute unacceptable hazards to health and safety in diving
REMARKS:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
I have discussed the patient's medical condition(s) which would not seriously interfere with diving but
which may seriously compromise subsequent health. The patient understands the nature of the hazards
and the risks involved in diving with these defects.
_________________________________________ , M.D.
Date
Signature
_____________________________________________
Name (Print or Type)
_____________________________________________
Address Telephone Number
My familiarity with applicant is:
O With this exam only
O Regular Physician for _____ years
O Other (describe): ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
My familiarity with diving medicine is: _____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Selected References in Diving Medicine
DIVING AND SUBAQUATIC MEDICINE, Third Edition, 1994. E. Edmonds, C. Lowery and J.
Pennefather. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. Oxford
MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF SPORT SCUBA DIVERS, 1998. Alfred Bove, M.D., Ph.D. (ed.).
Medical Seminars, Inc. San Antonio, TX
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NOAA DIVING MANUAL, NOAA. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C.
U.S. NAVY DIVING MANUAL. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash., D.C.
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DIVING MEDICAL HISTORY FORM
(Part 3 of the Medical Evaluation - To be completed by the Candidate Diver and submitted to the UDSO)
Name ______________________________________ Sex ____
Age ____ Wt.____ Ht. ____
District/Program/Office _______________________________________
TO THE APPLICANT:
Date __________________
SCUBA diving makes considerable demands on you, both physically and mentally. Diving with certain
medical conditions may be asking for trouble not only for yourself, but also to anyone coming to your aid
if you get into difficulty in the water. Therefore, it is prudent to meet certain medical and physical
requirements before beginning a diving or training program.
Your answers to the following questions are as important, in determining your fitness as your physical
examination. Obviously, you must provide accurate information or the medical screening procedure
becomes useless.
The information on this form shall be kept confidential. If you believe any question amounts to invasion of
your privacy, you may elect to omit an answer, provided that you subsequently discuss the matter with
your own physician and he/she must then indicate, in writing, that you have done so and that no health
hazard exists. If your answers indicate a condition which might make diving hazardous, you will be asked
to review the matter with your own physician. In such instances, his/her written authorization will be
required in order for further consideration to be given to your application. If your own physician concludes
that diving would involve undue risk for you, remember that he/she is concerned only with your wellbeing and safety.
Please respect the advice and the intent of this medical history form.
Have you ever had OR do you presently have any of the
f ll
Trouble with your ears, including ruptured eardrum,
1
difficulty clearing your ears, or surgery.
Yes
2
Trouble with dizziness.
3
Eye surgery.
4
Depression, anxiety, claustrophobia, etc.
5
Substance abuse, including alcohol.
6
Loss of consciousness.
7
Epilepsy or other seizures, convulsions or fits.
8
Stroke or a fixed neurological deficit.
9
Recurring neurologic disorders, including transient ischemic
attacks.
10
Aneurysms or bleeding in the brain.
11
Decompression sickness or embolism.
12
Head injury.
13
Disorders of the blood, or easy bleeding.
14
Heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol.
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Comments
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15
Anatomical heart abnormalities including patent foramen
ovale, valve problems, etc.
16
Heart rhythm problems.
17
Need for a pacemaker.
18
Difficulty with exercise.
19
High blood pressure.
20
Collapsed lung.
21
Asthma.
22
Other lung disease.
23
Diabetes mellitus.
24
Pregnancy.
25
Surgery (If yes explain in the space provided below).
26
Hospitalizations. If yes explain below.
27
Do you take any medications? If yes list below.
28
Do you have any allergies to medications, foods, animals,
plants, etc.? (If yes explain in the space provided below.)
29
Do you smoke?
30
Do you drink alcoholic beverages?
31
Is there a family history of high cholesterol?
32
Is there a family history of heart disease or stroke?
33
Is there a family history of diabetes?
34
Is there a family history of asthma?
Please explain any “yes” answers to the above questions
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I certify that the above answers and information represent an accurate and complete description of my
medical history.
______________________________________
Signature
_____________________________
Date
APPLICANTS RELEASE OF MEDICAL INFORMATION (Part 4 of the Medical Evaluation)
In the event of an accident while working with the Department, where I am unable to authorize release of
my medical records, I authorize or appoint the Unit Diving Safety Officer (UDSO), or their designee to
release
my
medical
records
to
my
treating
physician.
The detailed records are currently maintained by (physician/clinic): ______________________________
Address ______________________________
______________________________
Phone Number _____________________________
______________________________
Applicant’s Signature
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ATTACHMENT 15
MEDICAL MONITORING REQUEST FORM
We are requesting that the employee occupying the following position be placed in the Medical
Monitoring Program based on the information provided below.
Name: _____________________________________
Location: ________________________________
Position Number: ____________________________ Class Title: ______________________________
“Position Profile”:___Diver with DEP____________________
(Complete the following information in the space provided)
Description of Job Duties:
Potential Exposures (nature and frequency):
Personal Protective Equipment Requirements:
Physical Demands:
Engineering Safety Controls:
Environmental/Industrial Hygiene Sampling Data (if available for this position):
____________________________________________________
Supervisor Signature
Date
____________________________________________________
Director Signature
Date
____________________________________________________
Medical Monitoring Coordinator Signature Date
This position will require:
Periodic Exams _______
Periodic Biannual Exams______
Hearing Conservation Only ____
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ATTACHMENT 16
DEP DIVER QUALIFICATION CHECKLIST
Candidate Name: _______________________________ Supervisor: ______________________________
1. Certifying Agency: __________ Level: ___________
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
2. Statement of Understanding
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
3. Position Description Updated to include diving
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
4. Dive Physical and Medical Evaluation
Physician’s Statement
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
Release
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
Medical monitoring justification (if necessary)
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
Cost of physical should be charged to appropriate accounting code:
5. Hepatitis B Consent/Waiver Form
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
6. Current CPR/AED
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
7. Current O2 with positive pressure bag
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
8. Current First Aid
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
9. Current Blood Borne Pathogens
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
10. Swim Skills Evaluation
a. Swim 400 yds. < 16 minutes
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
b. Tread water 10 minutes
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
c. 25 yds. Transport
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
11. Written Exam (80% overall)
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
12. SCUBA Evaluation
a. Safe Entry
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
b. Clear Flooded Mask
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
c. Alt. Air Source w & without mask as donor & recipient □Yes □ No Date: __________________
d. Alternate between SCUBA and snorkel
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
e. Underwater communication skills
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
f. Rescue swim, 25 yards, in full gear
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
g. Maintain neutral buoyancy
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
h. Demonstrate adequate watermanship
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
13. Open Water Evaluation
a. Dive 10 feet without SCUBA
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
b. Demonstrate Alt. air source breathing
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
c. Safe surf or vessel entry with gear
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
d. Snorkel 400 yards with full SCUBA gear
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
e. Demonstrate safe diving judgment
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
f. Demonstrate maneuvering skills
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
g. Maintain neutral buoyancy
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
h. Simulate emergency ascent
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
i. Clear flooded mask
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
j. Clear flooded regulator
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
k. Underwater navigation
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
l. Plan and execute a dive
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
m. Perform an ascent from at least 20 feet with supplemental air source
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
14. Specialized training or equipment needed (list below)
____________________________________________
□Yes □ No Date: __________________
15. Notification to DSO and DSAB of qualification of DEP Diver □Yes
□ No Date:
__________________
DSO/UDSO Signature: __________________________________________ Date: _________________
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ATTACHMENT 17
DIVING EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE RECORD
DIVING EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE RECORD
Item: ______________________________
Serial Number: ______________________
Date Purchased: _____________________
Date
DEP Office of Safety and Loss Control
Repairs
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ATTACHMENT 18
DEP REQUEST FOR DIVING RECIPROCITY
Diver: _________________________________________________ Date: _____________________
This letter serves to verify that the above listed person has met the training and pre-requisites
as indicated below and has completed all requirements necessary to be certified as a DEP
Diver as established by the DEP Underwater Operations Manual and has demonstrated
competency in the indicated areas.
The following is a brief summary of this diver’s personnel file regarding dive status at
______________________________________________ (Unit).
(Date)
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
Diving Certification
Written Examination
Most Recent Diving Medical Examination; Expiration Date: __________
Date of Checkout Dive(s)
Dive Equipment Service Date
CPR/First Aid; Expiration Date: __________
Oxygen Administration; Expiration Date: __________
Date of Last Dive; Depth of Last Dive: __________
Number of Dives within Last 12 Months: __________
Depth Certification: __________
Total Number of Career Dives: __________ (Estimate if necessary.)
Any diving restrictions? (Y/N) __________ If yes, please explain.
Indicate Any Pertinent Specialty Certifications or Training: ___________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Emergency Contact Information:
Name: _____________________________________
Relationship: ____________________
Telephone: (Work) __________________________ (Home) __________________________
Address: ___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Diving Safety Officer:
Signature: __________________________________________
Date: _________________
Name (Print): _______________________________________
Phone: ________________
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APPENDIX A
Mooring Buoy Anchor Installation
This procedure has been prepared to standardize the underwater installation of
Manta ground anchors and stainless steel pins and U-Bolts. The procedure should
be used in conjunction with all applicable manufacturer user manuals. In addition,
manufacturer recommendations will be followed in the event a contradiction exists
between this procedure and any manufacturer-supplied operating manual.
The installation of Manta ground anchors, stainless steel pins, and U-bolts is
equipment intensive and requires sound diving skills, mechanical ability and
troubleshooting skills. Diver selection should be based on these criteria. At no time
shall untrained personnel be allowed to operate any of the equipment listed in this
procedure.
The nature of this work requires that divers and deck crew observe and obey all
safety requirements set forth by federal and state regulations, DEP policy and
manufacturer recommendations. At no time shall mission accomplishment
supersede diver safety. Divers and deck crew shall be familiar with and follow
OSHA commercial diving safety regulations at all times.
1.0
DIVING SKILLS AND QUALIFICATIONS FOR BUOY ANCHOR INSTALLATION
1.1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Individuals who demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Unit’s Designated
Diving Supervisor the below listed skills will be permitted to participate or
conduct the installation of the identified buoy anchors as outlined in this
Manual. The individuals qualified under these requirements will be
allowed to conduct these activities to depths of 1 to 4 atmospheres.
1.1.1
1.1.2
Prerequisites for Buoy Anchor Installation
•
Active status as a DEP Diver
•
Minimum of 10 successful supervised dives or UDSO/DSO
waiver
•
Demonstrated skill and comfort underwater at the identified
working depth
Skills Instruction
To be certified as a DEP Diver qualified to install buoy anchors, the
diver must receive the following instruction:
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1.1.3
•
Thorough explanation of all essential and optional equipment,
parts, and procedures for both U-bolt, pin and Manta anchoring
systems
•
Thorough familiarization with all essential and optional
equipment, parts, and procedures for both U-bolt, pin and
Manta anchoring systems
•
Thorough explanation and demonstration of methods to clean
and maintain installation equipment
•
Thorough explanation and demonstration of anchor installation
site identification and probing techniques and tools
•
Participation in a minimum of two anchor installations as a topside tender and deck support including the assembling,
loading, set-up, break-down, and cleaning of all required parts
and equipment
•
Supervised installation of a minimum of 4 anchors (2 of each
type). U-Bolt/pin: This will include site identification, anchor
placement, drilling and cementing (as appropriate),
assemblage, equipment management into and out of the water,
equipment set-up, equipment use, break-down and cleaning.
Manta: This will include site identification, probing,
assemblage, equipment management into and out of the water,
in water equipment set-up, equipment use and manta
installation, break-down and cleaning.
Skills Demonstration: Installation – On the deck/at the dock
•
Identify all required anchor system parts.
•
Identify all required underwater installation equipment and
supplies.
•
Identify all required anchor installation site probing equipment.
•
Assemble anchor system.
•
Assemble underwater equipment.
•
Explain methods and procedures for transferring parts and
equipment to the underwater work location and back to
support vessel.
•
Explain and demonstrate the correct method for the use of
underwater equipment.
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1.1.4
•
Explain and demonstrate the correct method for dissembling
underwater equipment.
•
Explain and demonstrate the correct method for cleaning and
storing underwater equipment.
Skills Demonstration: Installation – In Water
The Diver must complete a minimum of two (2) successful Ubolt/pin installations, including cementing; and a minimum of two
(2) successful manta anchor installations with a diving techniques
instructor on site. The diver must demonstrate skills with the
following:
•
Assembling hydraulic tools and drive steel
•
Proper use of hydraulic tools and associated components
•
Disassembling hydraulic tools and drive steel
•
Cleaning hydraulic tools and drive steel
•
Care of hydraulic equipment
•
Equipment deployment and recovery into and from the water
•
Site probing techniques
•
Stability of anchor(s) installed
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Buoy Installation Task Qualification Checklist
Name of Diver: _____________________________________
Prerequisites
Status as an active DEP Diver
Minimum of 10 successful supervised diving operations
Demonstrated skill and comfort underwater within identified working depths
Installation – On the deck/at the dock
Identify all required anchor system parts
Identify all required underwater installation equipment and supplies
Identify all required anchor installation site probing equipment
Assemble anchor system
Assemble underwater equipment
Explain methods and procedures for transferring parts and equipment to the
underwater work location
Explain and demonstrate the correct method for disassembling underwater equipment
Explain and demonstrate the correct method for cleaning and storing underwater
equipment
Installation – In the water
1. U-bolt/pin anchor installation completed: __________ Date __________ Sup. Initials
2. U-bolt/pin anchor installation completed: __________ Date __________ Sup. Initials
3. Manta anchor installation completed: __________ Date __________ Sup. Initials
4. Manta anchor installation completed: __________ Date __________ Sup. Initials
Skills demonstrated
Assembling hydraulic tools and drive steel
Disassembling hydraulic tools and drive steel
Cleaning hydraulic tools and drive steel
Care of hydraulic equipment
Equipment deployment/recovery into/removal from the water
Site probing techniques
Stability of anchor(s) installed
By my signature below, I agree that this above named individual is qualified to perform the
buoy anchor installation tasks indicated.
Printed Name: ________________________Signature: _______________________Date: _______
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2.0
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
2.1
Safety Warnings
•
The operator must be familiar with all environmental conditions
(bottom composition, surge, current, etc.)
•
Do not operate any tools without proper training, unless under the
direct supervision of an instructor
•
Do not install or remove hydraulic tools while hydraulic power is
connected; accidental engagement of hydraulic tools can cause serious
injury
•
During tool operation, keep dangling hoses, straps, tools, etc. away
from the tool; accidental entanglement can cause serious injury
•
When coupling or uncoupling a hydraulic tool, the control valve on
the hydraulic pump must be in the “OFF” position; failure to do so
may result in damage to the quick disconnect couplers
•
Do not operate damaged or defective hydraulic equipment
•
Do not attempt to repair or alter any hydraulic tool
•
Do not use damaged or undersized lift bags to deploy or move heavy
equipment
•
Inspect lift bags for leaks; ensure straps or lift lines are not damaged;
inadequate or damaged lift bags can injure the operator and/or cause
equipment damage
•
Do not use primary breathing gas to fill lift bags; all lift bags shall be
filled using auxiliary gas cylinders with a separate regulator and fill
nozzle
•
When using a davit, crane, or lift bags never allow heavy equipment
to dangle directly overhead; stay clear of any equipment being
deployed or recovered
•
In low visibility situations, the tool operator must be able to clearly
identify and positively confirm that all tools are properly positioned
and any entanglement hazards are clear before tool operation
•
Do not pull on or handle the hydraulic supply hose to move or lift
hydraulic equipment, as damage to the hydraulic supply hose or
accidental disconnect may occur
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3.0
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTIONS
3.1
Hydraulic Unit
3.1.1
3.2
Hydraulic Supply Hose
3.2.1
3.3
The jackhammer is a hydraulically operated tool that may be
operated above or below the waterline. Warning: There is a strong
concussive force generated by the exhaust noise that may cause ear
damage. As such, the jackhammer must not be operated if divers’
ears are in close proximity. Additionally, care must be taken to
keep sensitive items such as dive computers away from the
exhaust ports. Approximate weight is 67 lbs.
Drive Steel
3.4.1
3.5
A pressure rated hose minimum 100’in length with a minimum
working pressure rating of 2,500 PSI. It connects the hydraulic unit
to the tool being operated at depth via quick disconnect fittings.
Jackhammer
3.3.1
3.4
A portable, gas powered hydraulic pump capable of delivering a
minimum flow rate of 7-9 GPM. A control valve allowing for “tool
on” and “tool off” must be installed on the unit. The hydraulic unit
has quick disconnect fittings allowing the hydraulic hose to be
connected to it. Warning: Care must be taken to properly direct
and vent exhaust heat and fumes to protect personnel and
equipment. Hydraulic fluid is flammable. Do not allow the muffler
or hot exhaust gas to come in contact with the hydraulic hose.
A proprietary tool used specifically to fit between the jackhammer
and manta anchor allowing the jackhammer to drive the manta
into the substrate. It is a 7 piece kit that requires assembly. All
parts assemble via reverse thread connecting links. The drive steel
is mounted to the base of the jackhammer via a hex bit that inserts
into the jackhammer. Approximate weight is 67 lbs. Note: once the
drive steel is mounted to the jackhammer, the combined weight is
approximately 125 lbs. Extreme care must be used when lifting or
moving this as a combined unit.
Load Locker and Locking Rod with Cone
3.5.1
A proprietary tool that allows the foot of the manta anchor to be
moved from the vertical position to the horizontal position.
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Warning: As it is operated underwater, this tool moves in an up and
down motion and can exert forces greater than 18,000 pounds. Extreme
care should be taken to ensure that all divers and other equipment are
well clear during operation.
Note: the load locker and locking rod with cone tool is used in
conjunction with the load locker base, often referred to as the “table and
chair.” The tool’s approximate weight is 40 lbs.
3.6
Load Locker Base
3.6.1
3.7
Probe
3.7.1
3.8
Lines of sufficient length (depth of water or longer) that allow
equipment or miscellaneous tools to be lowered to the bottom by
crewmembers onboard the working vessel.
Drill
3.9.1
3.10
A long thin rod that is driven into the substrate to determine
suitability for manta anchor installation. This rod is 8’ long and
must be driven in manually using a sledge hammer.
Tending Lines
3.8.1
3.9
A two piece unit that rests on the substrate and supports the load
locker while setting the base of the manta anchor. Approximate
weight is 60 lbs.
The drill is a hydraulically operated tool that may be operated
above or below the waterline. Approximate weight is 12 lbs.
Warning: This tool generates 20 ft-lb of torque at 1,000 RPM; the
tool operator should remain prepared for inadvertent drill bit
stoppage as the drill will continue to spin and operator injury may
result.
Core Bit
3.10.1 A 2” diameter, 2’ long drill bit either carbon or diamond tipped.
This drill bit is hollow allowing for the removal of hard substrate
from the hole being drilled.
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3.11
Drill Weights
3.11.1 These weights are attached to the drill handles allowing for the
proper, required downward pressure on the drill bit. 2 weights are
used for normal drilling operations.
Warning: Care should be taken to securely attach the weights to
the drill as operator injury may occur if they detach from the
drill.
3.12
Manta Anchor
3.12.1 Consists of a galvanized rod with a head at one end and a large
holding anchor plate on the other end. The anchor plate swivels
from vertical to horizontal. The interface between the anchor and
drive steel is a cylindrical hole with a hemispherical bottom and is
located on the anchor plate. The tip of the drive steel is also
hemispherical shaped to match the bottom of the hole in the
anchor. This ensures positive bearing between the drive steel and
the anchor, and it prevents deformation of the drive steel
(mushrooming).
3.13
Stainless Steel Pin
3.13.1 A 2’ long, ½” diameter rod with a folded, welded eye at one end
and a “T” on the other end. This “T” is created by welding a short
piece of stainless steel at the base of the pin. This “T” locks into
cement used to anchor it in the hole and prevents it from being
pulled out.
3.14
U-bolt
3.14.1 A u-shaped galvanized or stainless steel rod with threaded “legs”
and nuts at the bottom of each end to lock u-bolt to cement. “legs”
are approximately 2’ long.
3.15
Marker Float
3.15.1 A small float on a short piece of line. This marker is normally
attached to the head of a manta anchor so that the location of the
manta will not be lost once it is driven into the substrate.
3.16
Backfill
3.16.1 Pea gravel is used to fill the void left around the manta anchor rod
after it has been driven into the bottom. It normally takes ½ to ¾ of
a 5 gallon bucket to properly backfill the void. Softer bottom
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composition may require more fill while more firm bottom
composition may require less fill.
3.17
Cement Bag
3.17.1 Essentially a large pastry bag that allows cement to be extruded
into the drilled hole.
4.0
TOOL MAINTENANCE AND CARE
4.1
All tools are to be rinsed and/or soaked in fresh water at the end of the work
day.
4.2
Once dry from the fresh water rinse, all tools are to be coated with oil
(WD 40) to retard rust.
4.3
Hydraulic tools and the hydraulic supply hose should be inspected to
ensure hose and/or connector damage has not occurred. If so, repairs
should be made before any future use of that tool.
4.4
Inspect lift bags for tears, vent valve function and lift strap damage.
Repair any deficiencies before future use.
4.5
Ensure the fuel valve on the hydraulic unit is turned ‘off’. This will
prevent fuel from being siphoned through the carburetor into the
crankcase.
4.6
5.0
Remove residual cement from all tools.
TROUBLESHOOTING
5.1
Clogged or Jammed Drill Bit
5.1.1
5.2
Should the drill bit stop making downward progress, it should be
inspected to ensure the core piece is not jammed. The core piece
should be loose enough to either wiggle using a finger or fall out
altogether. If it is not loose, remove the bit from the drill using the
two pipe wrenches in the tool bag. Using the clearing rod and
hammer from the tool bag, remove the core piece from the drill bit.
Drive Steel Misalignment
5.2.1
The drive steel is designed to fit together loosely. Should any of the
connecting joints become misaligned, the drive steel assembly will
become rigid and the energy from the jackhammer will not be
properly transferred to the manta anchor.
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5.2.2
5.3
5.4
If misalignment occurs, the drive steel will need to be removed
from the jackhammer WITHOUT REMOVING THE STEEL FROM
THE MANTA. Using the two pipe wrenches in the tool bag,
attempt to break the connectors free from the sections they are
attached to. If the sections will not break apart, it will be necessary
to return the drive steel to the surface so it may be repaired on the
boat. If this occurs, the manta anchor may need to be removed
from the substrate. Depth of installation and other operational
considerations will determine if this is done.
Lack of Hydraulic Power
5.3.1
If the drill is not turning fast enough, ensure the forward/reverse
selector switch is completely pushed in one direction or the other.
5.3.2
Ensure the hydraulic supply hose is not kinked or pinched.
5.3.3
If the hydraulic supply hose is not vibrating, the control valve on
the hydraulic unit has not been turned ’on’.
5.3.4
Ensure an accidental disconnect has not occurred. If it has, the tool
cannot be reattached while the hydraulic control valve is in the ’on’
position. The dive team will have to surface to inform the boat
crew. Once the tool is reattached, the hydraulic selector valve can
be turned ‘on’. DO NOT reconnect underwater.
Low Visibility
5.4.1
Movement on or around seagrass or mud will disturb loose
particulate on the bottom. Use patience, move slowly to reduce
impact, and use any available current to assist in removing
suspended particulate before operating any tool. Also, drilling
operations may encounter reduced visibility when the drill bit
encounters and drills into loose rock. While not normally a
problem, care should be taken that sight of the tool is not lost.
5.4.2
Should visibility become “zero”, the tool operator will stop work until
the tool operator is able to clearly identify and positively confirm that
all tools are properly positioned and any entanglement hazards are
clear. Additionally, the tool operator must ensure buddy contact is reestablished before continuing work.
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6.0
OPERATION OF REQUIRED EQUIPMENT
6.1
Manta Ground Anchor Installation
6.1.1
Collect and load all required tools and equipment. Utilize the
manta installation checklist.
6.1.2
Before deployment/recovery of equipment, determine how the
equipment will be handled:
6.1.2.1
Equipment will be lowered to the bottom via support line
with crewmembers lowering the equipment by hand, OR
6.1.2.2
Equipment will be lowered to the bottom via davit/crane
onboard.
6.1.2.3
Equipment will be submerged by one of the methods
listed above, at which time lift bags attached to the
equipment will be filled and used to complete lowering
the equipment to the bottom.
6.1.3
Before operation of the hydraulic unit, check oil, fuel and hydraulic
fluid.
6.1.4
Connect the hydraulic hose to the hydraulic unit and connect the
jackhammer to the other end of the hydraulic hose.
6.1.5
Attach a 100 lb capacity lift bag to the jackhammer.
6.1.6
Ensure that the hydraulic hose is well clear of the muffler and
exhaust gasses.
6.1.7
Check the drive steel by assembling all pieces.
6.1.8
Attach a lift bag to the drive steel.
6.1.9
Prepare the manta anchor for deployment by attaching a lift bag
and a marker float to the head of the manta.
6.1.10 Prepare the tool bag containing two pipe wrenches and hammer by
attaching a lift bag to the tool bag.
6.1.11 At this time the bottom should be probed for a suitable spot to
install the manta anchor. There should be little resistance to the
probe as it is driven into the substrate. Obstructions (rocks) may
prevent or delay the manta anchor from being driven in
completely. Once a suitable spot has been found, the probe is to be
left in place; this will allow for the manta anchor to be properly
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positioned for installation. It is ideal to probe for location before
equipment is deployed.
6.1.12 After a suitable spot has been found, lower the jackhammer, drive
steel and manta anchor to the sea bottom using the method already
chosen from those described in Paragraphs 6.1.2.1and 6.1.2.2.
6.1.13 After lowering the jackhammer, drive steel and manta anchor to
the sea bottom, the dive team is to detach and move the
jackhammer, drive steel and manta anchor to the work site.
6.1.14 After moving the jackhammer, drive steel and manta anchor to the
work site, leave the lift bags attached to the jackhammer and drive
steel partially filled to allow for easy movement.
6.1.15 Position the manta anchor as close to the probe as possible.
6.1.16 Remove and secure the lift bag attached to the manta anchor.
6.1.17 Attach the hex end ONLY of the drive steel in the jackhammer.
6.1.18 Reattach the lower (round end) of the drive steel to the hex end of
the drive steel.
Caution: Sections of the drive steel should be driven in one at a
time, removing the jackhammer to add the 2nd and 3rd sections.
This keeps the jackhammer close to the bottom where it is easier
to control.
Warning: once any drive steel has been inserted into the base of
the jackhammer, the locking lever on the jackhammer MUST be
returned to the fully locked position. Additionally, the safety
bungee MUST be placed over the locking lever to prevent
accidental release.
6.1.19 Combine the jackhammer/drive steel assembly with the manta
anchor. This is accomplished by slowly inflating the lift bag on the
jackhammer until it ‘bounces’ or is neutrally buoyant. At this time,
the round end of the drive steel can be inserted into the cylindrical
hole in the manta anchor.
Note: the manta anchor may have to be lifted slightly off the
bottom to complete this above assembly. This can be done without
the use of a lift bag.
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6.1.20 To facilitate the smooth transition from horizontal to vertical,
slowly inflate the lift bag attached to the jackhammer until the
entire assembly is vertical in the water.
6.1.21 Once the entire assembly is vertical in the water, start to drive the
manta anchor into the substrate by depressing the jackhammer
operating lever.
6.1.22 While holding the jackhammer operating lever down, slowly
vent the lift bag holding the jackhammer/drive steel/manta
anchor assembly to allow proper downward pressure from the
jackhammer to be applied to the manta anchor.
Note: The action in 6.1.22 requires the tool operator to be
positioned at or slightly above the top of the handle of the
jackhammer.
6.1.23 Drive the manta until the base of the jackhammer is approximately
1’ off of the substrate.
6.1.24 Remove the jackhammer from the drive steel, and attach another
section of drive steel.
6.1.25 Reattach the jackhammer to the hex end of the drive steel.
Continue the this process until the 2nd and 3rd sections of the drive
steel have been added,
6.1.26 Once the last section of the drive steel is in use, continue to drive
the manta anchor into the substrate and vent the lift bag on the
jackhammer until the head of the manta is even with the sea
bottom.
6.1.27 After the manta has been fully installed, remove the
jackhammer/drive steel assembly by partially inflating the lift bag
attached to the jackhammer.
Note: Once the lift bag is partially inflated, operate the
jackhammer by depressing the operating lever. The vibration
caused by the jackhammer, coupled with the upward force of the
lift bag will cause the jackhammer/drive steel assembly to detach
itself from the manta anchor and pull itself out of the hole
created by the manta anchor installation.
Caution: To prevent runaway ascents, do not overinflate the lift bag.
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6.1.28 After the drive steel has been removed, disconnect the drive steel
from the jackhammer and reattach the lift bag to the top of the
drive steel assembly.
6.1.29 Utilizing the attached lift bags, guide the jackhammer and drive
steel back to the surface OR move them to the lifting line being
used to return this equipment to the surface and attach them to the
lifting line.
6.1.30 At this time, surface support personnel are to detach the
jackhammer and then attach the load locker. The same lift bag used
for the jackhammer is to be used for the load locker.
6.1.31 The load locker base (table and chair), locking rod and cone are to
be rigged so they may be lowered to the sea bottom.
6.1.32 Attach a lift bag to the load locker base and another one to the
locking rod.
6.1.33 Additionally, a five gallon bucket with pea gravel is to be lowered
to the sea bottom.
Note: A lift bag does not need to be attached to the gravel; its
buoyancy characteristics will allow it to be moved by hand.
6.1.34 After all of the above equipment has been lowered to the sea
bottom, divers are to detach and move all tools to the work site.
6.1.35 Before setting the manta anchor base, backfill the prepared hole
with pea gravel. Pour the gravel into the hole and shake the manta
anchor rod back and forth to vibrate the gravel down into the hole.
Continue to do this and pack the gravel by hand until the hole is
filled.
6.1.36 Assemble the load locker base by first orienting the elongated base
piece over the manta anchor swivel head. The four round ‘legs’ are
positioned up.
6.1.37 Next, place the top piece onto the base by aligning the four legs of
the base piece with the four legs of the top piece. Ensure all four
legs are fully seated.
6.1.38 Assemble the extraction rod onto the manta anchor swivel head by
inserting the square end of the rod down through the load locker
base. Align the swivel head with the extraction rod and secure
them together with the pin located on the extraction rod.
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6.1.39 The load locker has to be raised above the extraction rod and then
lowered down over it while guiding the extraction rod through the
center of the load locker. Move the load locker slowly by adding
and venting air slowly in the lift bag.
6.1.40 After the load locker is down on the base, position the load locker
onto the alignment slot located on the top of the load locker base.
6.1.41 The last item to be installed is the cone. Slide the cone down over
the extraction rod (small end down) so that it rests securely in the
top of the load locker.
6.1.42 Remove and secure the lift bag on the load locker.
6.1.43 Lift the actuating lever on the side of the load locker and the piston
will move upward applying pressure on the cone which will in
turn grab the extraction rod and lift it upward.
Note: The manta base is set once the rod cannot be moved any
higher and the gauge pressure is 18,000 lbs. If the piston stops and
the gauge does not show the correct locking pressure, depress the
actuating lever to return the piston to its starting position. Repeat
the process until the manta base is set.
6.1.44 Attach the lift bag to the load locker and then remove the cone,
load locker, extraction rod and load locker base.
6.1.45 Return all items to the surface.
6.1.46 The manta anchor may be placed into service immediately.
7.0
STAINLESS STEEL PIN AND U-BOLT INSTALLATION
7.1
Collect and load all required tools and equipment.
Note: Utilize the Pin and u-bolt installation checklist.
7.2
Attach lift bags to the tools and equipment.
7.3
Before deployment or recovery of equipment, determine how the
equipment will be handled:
7.3.1
Equipment will be lowered to the sea bottom via support line with
crewmembers lowering the equipment by hand; OR
7.3.2
Equipment will be lowered to the bottom via the davit/crane
onboard.
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7.3.3
Equipment will be submerged by one of the methods listed above,
at which time lift bags attached to the equipment will be filled and
used to complete lowering the equipment to the bottom.
7.4
Before operating the hydraulic unit, check oil, fuel and hydraulic fluid.
7.5
Connect the hydraulic hose to the hydraulic unit and connect the drill to
the other end of the hydraulic hose.
7.6
Attach a lift bag to the drill. Ensure that the hydraulic hose is well clear of
the muffler and exhaust gasses.
7.7
Attach the 2” core bit to the drill and hand tighten only.
7.8
Prepare the following in the tool basket: drill weights, stainless steel pin
or u-bolt and marker float.
7.9
Attach a lift bag to the tool basket.
7.10
Prepare the tool bag with the following: two pipe wrenches, hammer,
clearing rod.
7.11
Attach a lift bag to the tool bag. The tools in this bag will be used if the
core bit is jammed and not progressing through the substrate.
Note: Once divers are in the water, they can guide the drill to the bottom.
Surface crews can then lower the tool basket and tool bag.
7.12 Locate a suitable area for drilling; identify solid, non fractured structure and
determine that the structure has at least 2’ of rock to drill into.
7.13 Move the drill, weights, stainless steel pin, marker float and tool bag to
the drill site.
7.14
Remove and secure the lift bag.
7.15
Position the drill vertically in the water to start the drilling process.
Note: To keep the drill bit from ‘skipping’ when starting the hole, lay the
stainless steel pin on its side with the pin eye over the desired drilling
location. Place the drill bit into the pin eye and slowly depress the trigger on
the drill.
Caution: Before starting this process, ensure that the stainless steel pin is held
securely in place by the assisting diver.
7.16
Once the substrate is ‘scored’, remove the stainless steel pin, reposition
the drill bit back onto the drill site and add the drill weights to the drill
handles.
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7.17
Depress the trigger on the drill.
Note: It is important that the drill be held as plumb as possible, front to back
and side to side. A bubble gauge located on top of the drill will assist with
this determination.
Caution: Do not apply extra downward pressure. If the drill does not seem to
be making any downward progress, stop drilling. Remove the weights.
Remove the drill from the hole. Check the bit to ensure that the core piece
inside it is not jammed. The core piece should be loose enough to either
wiggle using a finger or fall out altogether.
7.18
When the hole is ½ complete, return the tool basket to the surface. This
will alert the support crew to mix and load the cement into the tool
basket. The tool basket loaded with the cement bag will then be returned
to the sea bottom.
7.19
The hole is deep enough once the drill bit is down to its shoulder.
Note: For U-bolts, drill a second hole using the U-bolt to check for proper hole
spacing and vertical alignment.
7.20
Once the hole(s) is/are complete, remove the weights and return them to
the tool basket.
7.21
Reattach the lift bag to the drill and return the drill, tool basket and tool
bag to the surface.
7.22
Attach the marker float to an appropriate structure in the immediate
location. This will assist relocating the pin once the cement has cured.
7.23
Retrieve the cement bag from the tool basket.
7.24
Position the pipe end of the bag over the hole and remove the cap.
7.25
Slowly roll the handle downward to squeeze the cement out of the bag
and into the hole.
Note: The cement will stop flowing when it is up to the bottom of the pipe.
7.26
Lift the cement bag a few inches and squeeze more cement into the hole.
Continue this process until the hole is completely full of cement.
7.27
Re-cap the cement bag.
7.28
Insert the U-bolt or stainless steel pin. Gently push down and wiggle the
pin slightly to get it through the cement until the eye of the pin is
approximately halfway down into the hole.
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Note: U-bolts may only be inserted into the holes as far as the distance
between the holes allows.
7.29
Align the U-bolt or pin so the eye is perpendicular to normal water
movement. This will allow the shackle to ride on the pin more efficiently.
7.30
If any cement was displaced during the installation, use cement
remaining in the cement bag to refill it. The cement can be ‘molded’ by
hand; move slowly and pack the cement down firmly.
7.31
Return the cement bag to the tool basket and return it to the surface.
Caution: Be careful when leaving the worksite; one kick can remove most of
the cement in the top of the hole(s).
7.32
There is a minimum 96 hour cure time required for the cement, at which
time, the pin may be placed into service.
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Manta Anchor and Pin/U-Bolt Installation Checklist
Manta Anchor Installation
7’ manta anchor (Offshore), 4’ manta (WMB)
Backfill material, usually pea gravel (½ - ¾ of a 5 gallon bucket per manta)
Hydraulic unit. Check engine and hydraulic oils; fill with fuel. Test run before loading
Oil absorbent pads (diapers)
Hydraulic oil
Hydraulic jackhammer
Drive steel and carrying bag
Hydraulic supply hose
Load locker with locking rod and cone
Load locker base (table and chair)
Bucket of guide lines
8’ probe with hammer
Marker float
3 lift bags.
Tool bag.
Pin/U-Bolt Installation
Stainless steel pin/U-Bolt
Portland cement. Approximately 1/3 to ½ bucket of cement per pin; double the
amount for a u-bolt
Hydraulic drill
Hydraulic supply hose
Hydraulic unit. Check engine and hydraulic oils; fill with fuel. Test run before loading.
Oil absorbent pads (diapers)
Bucket of guide lines
Tool bag
Weighted tool basket
2” coring drill bit
Drill weights
Cement mixing tools (hoe, trough, water canister, cement measure)
Cement dispensing bag(s)
2 lift bags
Marker float
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APPENDIX B
Seagrass and Coral Restoration Operations and Procedures
The following guidance establishes standardization and procedural operation
requirements for Seagrass and Coral Restoration SCUBA diving conducted under the
auspices of the DEP Diving Program.
These guidelines are effective immediately and shall be used in conjunction with the
DEP Underwater Operations Manual and with all applicable manufacturer user
manuals.
These procedures will allow divers to work safely and within the scope of allowable
protocol as defined in 29 CFR 1910. All safety, equipment and training requirements
listed in the DEP Underwater Operations Manual and these instructions must be met
before diving operations commence.
It is diver’s responsibility to refuse to dive if, in their judgment, conditions are not safe or
other factors preclude diving (health, sea state, equipment, etc.). At no time shall diver
safety be compromised.
Seagrass and coral restoration can be equipment intensive and requires sound diving
skills, mechanical ability and troubleshooting skills. Diver selection should be based on
these criteria. At no time shall untrained personnel be allowed to conduct seagrass and
coral restoration.
The nature of this work requires that divers and deck crew observe and obey all safety
requirements set forth by federal and state regulations, DEP policy and manufacturer
recommendations. Manufacturer recommendations should always be followed in the
event a contradiction exists between this Manual and any manufacturer-supplied
operating manual.
Divers and deck crew shall be familiar with and follow all applicable diving safety
standards and protocols of the Department at all times.
SKILLS AND QUALIFICATIONS FOR SEAGRASS AND CORAL RESTORATION
Individuals who demonstrate to the satisfaction of the UDSO or the DSO the below listed
skills and abilities, will be approved to participate or conduct seagrass and coral
restoration as outlined in this guidance.
Activities as described within this guidance shall not be conducted at a depth which
exceeds 100 FSW unless prior approval has been obtained in writing by the DSO.
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Seagrass and coral restoration activities shall only be conducted when sea conditions
(which can include any combination of wave height, current, and visibility) are
appropriate and, when diving from a vessel, the vessel is securely attached to a mooring
buoy or at anchor.
Seagrass restoration can include but is not limited to:
1.
Site identification and preparation, including sediment probing and
creation of planting holes
2.
Seagrass planting
3.
Monitoring of the site
a.
Stability of transplants
b.
Collection of data
c.
Photography
Coral restoration can include but is not limited to:
1.
Site identification and preparation
2.
Substrate drilling
appropriate)
3.
Use of Portland cement and/or epoxy (as appropriate)
4.
Lift rigging and lift bag use (as appropriate)
5.
Equipment assemblage and management into and out of the water
6.
In water equipment set-up and use.
7.
Equipment break-down and cleaning
8.
Monitoring of the site
(with
pneumatic
a.
Stability of transplants
b.
Collection of data
c.
Photography
and/or
hydraulic
drills
as
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS:
1.
Whenever practical, it is strongly recommended that all SCUBA diving is
conducted in pairs.
2.
SCUBA diving (on air) with two or more divers in the water requires:
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a.
b.
3.
A minimum dive-team of 4 members
1.
One Designated Person-in-Charge (DPIC),
2.
One Standby diver(s) and
3.
2 diver(s).
A SCUBA diver must be accompanied by, and in continuous visual
contact with, another SCUBA diver during the diving operation.
SCUBA diving (on air) with one diver in the water requires:
a.
A minimum dive-team of three members :
1.
A Designated Person-in-Charge (DPIC),
2.
A Standby Diver, and
3.
A line-tended diver.
b.
Also see OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Appendix A (Question 2).
c.
The Standby Diver shall be line tended from the surface when
deployed in the water.
d.
A SCUBA diver shall be line tended when in the water or the SCUBA
diver must be accompanied by, and in continuous visual contact
with, another SCUBA diver during the diving operation.
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS:
Minimum Certification Requirements:
1.
Must be a DEP Diver
2.
Has been approved by the UDSO/DSO to dive to the depth required to
complete the restoration as outlined in the DEP Underwater Operations
Manual.
3.
Demonstrated skill and comfort underwater at the identified working
depth(s.)
4.
If conducting line tending diving, successful completion of applicable
training and approval to line tend from a UDSO/DSO.
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS:
The goals and objectives of the dive will necessitate what type of equipment will be used.
To accommodate availability of equipment, various personal preferences and the
flexibility to accomplish program goals and objectives, only the minimum additional
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equipment required per OSHA is listed below:
1.
A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided for each
diver consisting of an independent reserve cylinder with a separate
regulator or connected to the underwater breathing apparatus.
2.
If applicable, the valve of the reserve breathing gas supply shall be in the
closed position when entering the water and opened immediately after
entry.
SKILLS INSTRUCTION
To be qualified to perform restoration to any underwater areas, the diver must receive
the following instruction and demonstrate competency in the following:
1.
Understand the function(s) that they, as the diver(s) are about to perform.
2.
The diver being assigned must have prior skills to perform the tasks they
are assigned to carry out.
3.
Thorough explanation of the diving environment (i.e., current, safety
protocols, visibility, animal behavior, or other characteristics that may be
encountered while performing work.
4.
Participation in a minimum of two (2) topside observations of a
restoration task to be performed.
SKILLS DEMONSTRATION:
The diver must complete a minimum of one (1) successful supervised restoration task
with a UDSO and/or the DSO onsite. The diver must demonstrate skills with the
following:
1.
At the Dock
a.
Determine the restoration function that is to be carried out.
b.
Identify all required tools and supplies.
c.
Identify any replacement parts that may be needed.
d.
Understand the procedure(s)/safety protocol for the assigned task.
e.
Identify competency in the required safety protocol.
f.
Identify possible hazards or wildlife concerns in the area where the
maintenance task will be performed.
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g.
Observe the restoration task being performed by a qualified DEP
Diver a minimum of two (2) times.
2. In the water
a.
Correctly diagnose the restoration issue in order to understand
what may be needed to complete the assignment.
b.
Perform the task(s) required to carry out the restoration function.
c.
Demonstrate safe practices in completing the assignment.
d.
Demonstrate safe practices related to working with wildlife in the
area.
e.
Demonstrate proper technique and an appropriate level of comfort
with the underwater environment while performing the restoration
task(s).
f.
Demonstrate safe method for equipment deployment into the
water and recovery from the water.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
1.
The diver must be familiar with all environmental conditions (bottom
composition, surge, current, etc.).
2.
Do not operate any tools without proper training, and familiarization of
the tools needed.
3.
Do not transport pneumatic tools while connected to supply lines;
pneumatic tools do not have a safety and accidental operation may occur.
4.
During tool operation, keep dangling hoses, straps, tools, etc. away from
the tool; accidental entanglement can cause serious injury.
5.
Do not operate damaged or defective equipment.
6.
Do not attempt to repair or alter any tool.
7.
Inspect lift bags for leaks; ensure straps or lift lines are not damaged;
inadequate or damaged lift bags and/or rigging lines can injure the diver
and/or cause environmental damage.
a.
Do not use damaged or undersized lift bags to deploy or move
heavy objects.
b.
Do not use primary breathing gas to fill lift bags; all lift bags shall
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be filled using auxiliary gas cylinders with a separate regulator and
fill nozzle.
c.
When using a davit or lift bags, never allow heavy equipment to
dangle directly overhead.
8.
Remain clear of any equipment being deployed or recovered.
9.
In low visibility situations, the tool operator must be able to clearly
identify and positively confirm that all tools are properly positioned and
any entanglement hazards are clear before tool operation.
10.
Do not pull on or handle the supply hoses to move or lift equipment, as
damage to the supply hose or accidental disconnect may occur.
11.
Divers should wear
cement/concrete/epoxy.
protective
gloves
when
working
with
a.
When working with cement/concrete/epoxy, care should be taken
to avoid skin irritation or chemical burns.
b.
Prolonged skin, eyes, or clothing contact with fresh
cement/concrete/epoxy may result in burns that can be severe.
c.
Remove wet concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from
skin or clothing immediately. Eyes should be flushed using
applicable first aid protocols.
12.
Handle all tools with care.
13.
Chip/cut away from your body when using chisels and other sharp
edged tools.
14.
Restoration activities in shallow water should only be performed during
calm to light chop sea conditions. Surge/waves/currents can produce
dangerous movement for divers and objects being lifted.
15.
When transporting tools to/from the worksite, be mindful to vent any air
added to a buoyancy compensator PRIOR TO releasing the tool bag.
16.
Be mindful of bottom time and air consumption rates.
Caution: Under no circumstances shall a dive exceed the planned
bottom time.
Caution: At no time shall a planned dive exceed a no-decompression limit
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Equipment Descriptions
To accommodate availability of equipment, various personal preferences and the
flexibility to accomplish program goals and objectives, the standard equipment listed
below should be considered with available features and configuration desired:
1.
Air Supply
a.
A portable, electric or gas powered compressor capable of
delivering a minimum pressure of 90 PSI with a 2-3 gallon
reservoir shall be used.
b.
The unit shall have quick-disconnect fittings allowing the air
supply hose to be connected to it.
c.
SCUBA air cylinders shall be regulated to reduce output pressure to
no more than 90 PSI.
Warning: Care must be taken to properly direct and vent exhaust heat and fumes
to protect personnel and equipment. Do not allow the muffler or hot exhaust gas
to come in contact with the air supply hose. Ambient air intakes must not be
placed so as to ingest exhaust gases or fumes.
2.
3.
Air Supply Hose
a.
A pressure rated hose between 100’-120’ in length with a
maximum working pressure rating of 500 PSI shall be used.
b.
Hoses will connect the air supply to the tool being operated at
depth via quick-disconnect fittings.
Drill
a.
A pneumatic tool that may be operated above or below the
waterline. Note that approximate weight is 2 lbs.
Caution: This tool generates torque; the tool operator should be prepared at all
times for inadvertent drill bit stoppage as the drill may continue to spin and
operator injury may result.
4.
Drill Bit
a.
Usually a 2’ long drill bit of varying diameter, either carbon or
diamond tipped. The drill bit is long enough to allow for
application of long fiberglass rebar.
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5.
Probe
a.
6.
Tending Lines
a.
7.
9.
a.
If an electrical power supply is available, a ½” industrial electric
drill fitted with a paddle mixer is preferred.
b.
If an electrical power supply is not available, cement is mixed
using a trough and hoe/trowel
Cement Bag
Portland cement mixed with or without aggregate and sand used
to re-stabilize (grout) dislodged and/or relocated coral. Also used
in the construction of structures to restore or recreate reef
framework elements.
Epoxy
a.
12.
The cement bag is essentially a large pastry bag that allows cement
to be extruded into or under coral that is being anchored in place.
Cement Mix
a.
11.
A small float on a length of line. This marker is normally attached
at the work site so that the work site may be located from the
surface.
Cement Mixer
a.
10.
Lines of sufficient length (depth of water or longer) that allow
equipment or miscellaneous tools to be lowered to the sea bottom
by crewmembers onboard the working vessel.
Marker Float
a.
8.
A long thin rod that is driven into the substrate to determine
suitability for seagrass planting and/or fiberglass rebar
installation. This rod is up to 4’ long and must be driven in
manually using a hammer.
A 2-part epoxy mix is used to hold fiberglass rebar securely in both
the coral and substrate. In some instances, epoxy may be used to
attach small coral colonies to suitable reef substrate. The epoxy is
applied using a dual (resin and catalyst) applicator caulking gun.
Tool Bag
a.
A large bag, usually with large drain holes or mesh bottom used
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for storage and transport of tools and supplies (air tools, hammers,
nails, wire brushes, chisels, epoxy, etc.).
13.
Tool Basket
a.
14.
A weighted, rigid container used by the deck crew to lower and
retrieve large or heavy items.
Lift Bags
a.
Open-bottom lift bags allow for the most flexibility in use. They are
best suited for underwater use, are easy to fill and vent and
multiple bags may be used, if necessary.
b.
Pillow type bags are best suited when an object has to be lowered
from the surface and a davit is not available. Pillow bags require a
dedicated air source.
Caution: Do not use primary breathing gas to fill lift bags; all lift bags
shall be filled using auxiliary gas cylinders with a separate regulator
and fill nozzle
TOOL MAINTENANCE AND CARE
1.
All tools are to be rinsed and/or soaked in fresh water at the end of the work
day.
2.
Once dry from the fresh water rinse, all tools are to be coated with oil
(WD 40 or equivalent) to retard rust.
3.
Pneumatic tools and the air supply hose should be inspected to ensure
hose and/or connector damage has not occurred. If so, repairs should be
made before any future use of that tool.
4.
Pneumatic tools should be completely immersed in thin oil such as WD40
for at least 24 hours to allow trapped water inside the tool to be displaced.
After soaking, the tool should be operated to purge any remaining
moisture.
5.
Inspect lift bags for tears, vent valve function and lift strap damage.
Repair any deficiencies before future use.
6.
Inspect all lift straps and lines for damage. Replace any damaged items.
7.
Remove residual cement from all tools.
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TROUBLESHOOTING
1.
Jammed Drill Bit
a.
2.
3.
Should the drill bit stop making downward progress, it should be
inspected to ensure the drill bit piece is not jammed or broken.
Lack of Air Pressure
a.
If the drill is not turning at proper speed, ensure that the
forward/reverse selector switch is completely pushed in one
direction or the other.
b.
Ensure that the air supply hose is not kinked or pinched.
c.
Ensure that an accidental hose disconnect has not occurred.
Low Visibility
a.
Movement on or around seagrass or mud will disturb loose
particulate on the bottom. Use patience, move slowly to reduce
impact, and use any available current to assist in removing
suspended particulate before operating any tool. Also, divers
involved in drilling operations may encounter reduced visibility
when the drill bit penetrates loose rock. While not normally a
problem, care should be taken that sight of the tool is not lost.
b.
Should visibility become reduced to “zero”, tool operation will cease
until the tool operator is able to clearly visually identify and
positively confirm that all tools are properly positioned and any
entanglement hazards are clear. Additionally, the tool operator must
ensure buddy contact is re-established before resuming work.
Site Preparation
For coral restoration projects, site preparation is carried out using tools loaded into the
tool bags.
For seagrass repair, site preparation must be done prior to seagrass planting. If a probe
is used, there should be little resistance to the probe as it is driven into the substrate.
Obstructions (rocks) may prevent the creation of holes of adequate depth in the
substrate for seagrass planting.
Additionally, once a suitable work spot has been found, a surface marker is to be left in
place allowing the boat crew to quickly locate the work site.
1.
Coral Restoration
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a.
b.
For restoration projects using small corals (< 5 lbs), site preparation
requires suitable areas to place cement and coral attachments.
(1)
Clean the site(s) with a wire brush to remove algae or other
biological fouling that would inhibit a secure bond between
the cement and substrate.
(2)
Hammer cement nails into the substrate;
approximately 1” to 1 ½” of the nail exposed.
(3)
Apply cement onto the nails using the cement bag or bucket
method.
(4)
Apply coral(s) onto the cement.
leave
For restoration projects using large corals, site preparation requires
verification that the area is suitable for drilling and is large enough
to accept the coral(s).
(1)
Transport (move) large corals using appropriate lift bags
and rigging. Leave the lift bags and rigging in place until
any further work is completed.
Caution: Do not use primary breathing gas to fill lift bags;
all lift bags shall be filled using auxiliary gas cylinders
with a separate regulator and fill nozzle.
2.
(2)
To ensure the stability of large coral(s), stabilize them to the
substrate using fiberglass rebar.
(3)
Drill both the substrate and the bottom of the coral being
stabilized. Apply epoxy and the rebar to the bottom of the
coral first. Then, apply epoxy to the hole in the substrate.
Then lift coral and lower the coral, with the rebar into the
hole in the substrate, until the rebar is fully seated.
(4)
Further stabilize large corals by using cement to grout
underneath the coral. When fully cured, the cement will
provide a “base”.
Seagrass Planting
a.
Seagrass restoration and planting is normally done in a noticeably
injured area. Refer to the site-specific restoration plan for planting
instructions.
b.
A snorkel may be used in water shallow enough to stand erect.
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OPERATION OF REQUIRED EQUIPMENT
1.
Collect and load all required tools and equipment. Use the checklist.
2.
Before deployment/recovery
equipment will be handled:
of
equipment,
determine
how
the
a.
Equipment will be lowered to the bottom via support line with
crewmembers lowering the equipment by hand, OR
b.
Equipment will be lowered to the bottom via davit onboard.
3.
Equipment will be submerged by one of the methods listed above, at
which time lift bags attached to the equipment will be filled and used to
complete lowering the equipment to the bottom.
4.
If necessary, before operation of the air compressor, check oil, and fuel.
5.
Connect the air hose to the compressor. Place any pneumatic tools and
bits in tool transport bags.
6.
Ensure that the air hose is well clear of the muffler and exhaust gasses.
7.
Load and prepare other tool bags. If tool bags are extremely heavy (> 20
lbs), attach an appropriate sized lift bag.
8.
After a suitable location has been found and/or prepared, lower required
tools to the sea bottom.
Note: Once divers are in the water, and clear of overhead objects,
surface crews can then lower the tool bags.
9.
After lowering the equipment to the sea bottom, the dive team is to
detach and move the equipment to the work site.
10.
After moving the equipment to the work site, fully deflate all lift bags (if
used).
DRILLING
1.
Locate a suitable area for drilling; identify solid, non fractured structure
and determine that the structure has at least 2’ of rock to drill into.
2.
Position the drill vertically in the water to start the drilling process.
Note: To keep the drill bit from ‘skipping’ when starting the hole,
slowly depress the trigger on the drill while applying firm, downward
pressure.
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Note: It is important that the drill be held as plumb as possible, front to
back and side to side.
Caution: Do not apply excessive downward pressure. If the drill does
not seem to be making any downward progress, stop drilling. Remove
the drill from the hole. Check the bit to ensure that it is not broken.
3.
The hole is deep enough once the drill bit is down to its shoulder.
4.
Once the hole(s) is/are complete, disconnect the drill/tool from the
supply hose and place it in the tool bag.
Note: Once the drill/tool is removed from the supply hose, ensure the
hose is secured to a weighted object so it will remain on the bottom.
5.
Once all drilling has been completed, reattach any lift bags to the tool
basket and/or tool bag(s) and return them to the surface.
Cement and Epoxy Application
1.
Cement Bag Application
a.
Retrieve the cement bag from the tool basket.
b.
Position the pipe end of the bag over the application area and
remove the cap.
c.
Slowly roll the handle downward to squeeze the cement out of the bag.
d.
Re-cap the cement bag when the desired amount of cement has
been applied.
Note: The application of cement will temporarily reduce
visibility, in some cases down to ‘zero’.
e.
If any cement was displaced during the installation, the cement can be
‘molded’ by hand; move slowly and pack the cement down firmly.
f.
Return the cement bag to the tool basket and return it to the surface.
Caution: Be careful when leaving the worksite; one kick can
displace/remove most of the applied cement.
Note: There is a minimum 96 hour cure time required for the
cement to cure/set, at which time full strength is achieved.
2.
Cement Bucket Application
a.
Cement placed into a bucket will not sink until the lid is opened
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and water is added to offset buoyancy. For this reason, divers will
need to return to the support vessel to obtain cement, or a
swimmer will need to be used to transport the buckets to and from
the work site.
Caution: When sinking the cement bucket, use care and add only
enough water to the bucket to allow it to sink. Too much
negative buoyancy will cause unwanted rapid descent.
b.
Place the cement bucket next to the application site and remove the
lid. Secure the lid; it is positively buoyant and will float away.
Note: Removing the lid will cause cement to vent and some loss
of visibility.
c.
Turn the bucket over allowing all of the cement to be placed on the
substrate. Secure the bucket; it is positively buoyant and will float away.
d.
Pack and mold the cement as necessary. Remove any cement from
hands by rubbing them together.
Caution: Be careful when leaving the worksite; one kick can
displace/remove most of the applied cement.
e.
3.
Return empty buckets/lids to the boat.
Epoxy Application
a.
Epoxy is used to permanently affix fiberglass rebar into coral being
repaired. The rebar must be removed from the drilled hole(s) for
proper epoxy application.
b.
The epoxy applicator is a dual tube applicator, that, when used
with a dual applicator caulking gun, pre-mixes the epoxy while it
is being applied.
(1)
The applicator tube must be applied underwater. This
prevents the exposed epoxy in the applicator from
hardening prematurely and preventing application. Practice
this step topside first.
c.
Insert the applicator tube into the drilled hole and squeeze the handle
on the caulking gun repeatedly until the hole is filled with epoxy.
d.
SLOWLY, insert the fiberglass rebar. A slight side to side twisting
motion will ensure smooth application.
e.
Wipe any excess on hands or fingers onto the rebar.
f.
Cap the epoxy applicator tube to prevent spillage.
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SEAGRASS AND CORAL RESTORATION TASK QUALIFICATION CHECKLIST
Name of Diver: _____________________________________
Prerequisites
Status as a DEP Diver (or equivalent)
Demonstrated skill and comfort underwater within identified working depths
Installation – On the deck/at the dock
Identify all required equipment.
Identify all required underwater installation equipment and supplies.
Identify all required installation site probing equipment.
Assemble underwater equipment.
Explain methods and procedures for transferring parts and equipment to the
underwater work location and back to support vessel.
Explain and demonstrate the correct method for the use of underwater equipment.
Explain and demonstrate the correct method for dissembling underwater equipment.
Explain and demonstrate the correct method for cleaning and storing underwater
equipment.
Installation – In the water
1. Seagrass restoration completed: __________ Date __________ UDSO Initials
2. Seagrass restoration completed: __________ Date __________ UDSO Initials
3. Coral restoration completed: __________ Date __________ UDSO Initials
4. Coral restoration completed: __________ Date __________ UDSO Initials
Skills demonstrated
Assembling tools
Proper use of tools and associated components
Disassembling tools
Cleaning tools
Care of all equipment
Equipment deployment and recovery into and from the water
Lift bag techniques
Rigging (use of knots and shackles)
Site probing techniques
Stability of seagrass or coral repaired
By my signature below, I agree that this above named individual is qualified to perform the
seagrass and coral restoration tasks indicated.
UDSO Printed Name: ______________________
Division/Unit: _______________
Signature: ________________________________
Date: ________________
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Coral Restoration Checklist
Adequate air supply; onboard air system, portable compressor, SCUBA cylinders
Air supply line of adequate length
Regulator suitable for air tool use (SCUBA cylinders only)
Check any applicable engine oils and fuel levels. Test run before loading.
Drill
Drill Bits
Guide lines
Marker float(s)
Lift bags of varying appropriate lift capacities
Air supply for lift bags
Line for rigging lift slings
Shackles/clips
Tool bags
Tool basket
Hammers
Nails
Chisels
Wire Brushes
Caulk Gun/Epoxy
Mixing tools: Drill and paddle or hoe/trowel and trough
Seagrass Restoration Checklist
4’ probe with hammer
Marker float(s)/PVC stake markers
Shovels
PVC stakes for anchoring meter tapes
Floating basket for seagrass donor plug transport
Mesh “goodie” bags
PVC hole-making device
Meter tapes
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APPENDIX C
Maintenance and Removal of Lyngbya sp. and Other
Nuisance Algae from Springs and Spring Run Streams
The following guidance establishes standardization and procedural operation requirements for
the maintenance removal of Lyngbya sp. and other nuisance algae from springs and spring run
streams while utilizing SCUBA and conducted under the auspices of DEP.
Increased nutrient loads, primarily in the form if inorganic nitrogen, to spring sheds has
resulted in an increase in the growth of nuisance freshwater algae species in headsprings and
spring run streams. If left uncontrolled, this algal growth can smother native submerged
vegetation and degrade habitat for freshwater species. Manual removal of nuisance algae by
DEP staff and volunteers is a cost effective and ecologically beneficial method of controlling
nuisance algal growth.
These guidelines are effective immediately and shall be used in conjunction with the DEP
Underwater Operations Manual and with all applicable manufacturer user manuals.
These procedures will allow divers to work safely and within the scope of allowable protocol as
defined in 29 CFR 1910. All safety, equipment and training requirements listed in the DEP
Underwater Operations Manual and these instructions must be met before diving operations
commence.
At no time shall mission accomplishment supersede diver safety. It is diver’s responsibility to
refuse to dive if, in their judgment, conditions are not safe or other factors preclude diving
(health, water conditions, equipment, etc.). At no time shall diver safety be compromised.
The maintenance removal of Lyngbya sp. and other nuisance algae from springs and spring run
streams is not a high intensity activity. Knowledge of target algal species identification and
awareness of the sensitivity of the surrounding habitats will be important for all diving staff
and volunteers. Diver selection should be based on a demonstrated ability to be cognizant of
these factors. At no time shall untrained personnel be allowed to conduct these activities.
SKILLS AND QUALIFICATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE REMOVAL OF LYNGBYA sp.
AND OTHER NUISANCE ALGAE FROM SPRINGS AND SPRING RUN STREAMS
Individuals who demonstrate to the satisfaction of the UDSO or the DSO the below listed skills,
will be approved to participate or conduct maintenance removal of Lyngbya sp. and other
nuisance algae from springs and spring run streams as outlined in this Manual.
The individuals qualified under these requirements will be allowed to conduct these activities to
the depths no greater than 45 fsw.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS:
1.
Whenever practical, it is strongly recommended that all SCUBA diving is conducted
in pairs.
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2.
A DEP Diver must be accompanied by, and in continuous visual contact with,
another DEP Diver during the diving operation.
3.
SCUBA diving (on air) with two or more divers in the water requires:
a. A minimum dive-team of four members
1. A Designated Person-in-Charge (DPIC);
2. One Standby Diver(s); and
3. Two diver(s).
4.
SCUBA diving (on air) with one diver in the water requires:
a.
A minimum dive-team of three members
1. A Designated Person-in-Charge (DPIC);
2. A Standby Diver; and
3. A line-tended diver.
i.
b.
5.
Also see OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Appendix A (Question 2).
The Standby Diver shall be line tended from the surface when deployed in the
water.
A SCUBA diver shall be line tended when in the water or be accompanied by, and in
continuous visual contact with, another SCUBA diver during the diving operation.
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS:
1. Minimum Requirement Approvals:
a)
Active DEP Diver.
b)
Demonstrated skill and comfort underwater at the identified working depth and
using any necessary tools or equipment.
c)
Has been approved by the UDSO/DSO to dive to the depth required to complete
the scope of work as outlined in the DEP Underwater Operations Manual.
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS:
The goals and objectives of the dive will necessitate what type of equipment will be used. To
accommodate availability of equipment, various personal preferences and the flexibility to
accomplish program goals and objectives, only the minimum additional equipment required per
OSHA is listed below:
1. A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided for each diver consisting of
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an independent reserve cylinder with a separate regulator or connected to the underwater
breathing apparatus.
2. The valve of the reserve breathing gas supply may be in the closed position when entering
the water and immediately opened after entry.
SKILLS INSTRUCTION
To be qualified to conduct the maintenance removal of Lyngbya sp. and other nuisance algae
from springs and spring run streams, the diver must receive the following instruction and
demonstrate competency in the following:
1.
Identification of target nuisance algae species.
2.
Thorough explanation and demonstration of removal methods and techniques.
3.
Thorough explanation of the dive environment (i.e. current, safety protocol, visibility,
animal behavior or characteristics you may encounter while working).
4.
Participation in a minimum of one topside observation of a cleaning.
5.
Participate in a minimum of two supervised cleanings.
SKILLS DEMONSTRATION:
The diver must complete a minimum of two (2) successful supervised cleanings with a UDSO or a
DSO onsite. The diver must demonstrate skills with the following:
1.
On The Boat/ At The Dock
a. Identify all areas where algae is to be removed.
b. Identify what methods will be used and what tools will be required.
c. Identify nuisance algae disposal technique/location.
d. Identify competency in required safety protocol.
e. Identify possible hazards or wildlife concerns or behaviors.
f.
Observe from topside a cleaning of area by an approved DEP Diver.
2. In Water
a. Removal and cleaning of nuisance algae in pre-identified areas.
b. Proper methods and safe skills to achieve maintenance level results.
c. The demonstration of safe practice while working around wildlife.
d. Demonstrate good technique and a comfort level while performing maintenance
removal.
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SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
1. Diver must be familiar with all environmental conditions (current, possible thunderstorm
threat, water temperature, thick grasses (hydrilla), water visibility, bottom composition,
surge, etc.)
2. Diver must be familiar and aware of possible animal or plant threats (alligators, sharks,
venomous snakes, fish or plants).
3. Diver must be aware of sharp surfaces on surrounding structures or submerged hard
surfaces such as exposed rock.
4. Diver must immediately cease all activity and report to the site manager any artifacts of
natural or cultural significance such as bone or pottery fragments.
5. Do not utilize damaged or defective equipment while cleaning.
6. Do not attempt to repair or alter any defective equipment.
7. Inspect all cleaning equipment for defects which can injure the Divers and/or cause
environmental damage.
8. Do not use lift bags to deploy or move cleaning equipment.
9. In low visibility situations, the diver must be able to clearly identify and positively
confirm that all cleaning equipment is positioned properly and any entanglement hazards
are clear before use.
10. Divers should wear protective gloves when cleaning.
11. Handle all cleaning tools with care.
12. While transporting cleaning tools to/from the worksite, be mindful to vent any air added
to a buoyancy compensator PRIOR TO releasing the cleaning tools.
13. Be mindful of bottom time and air consumption rates.
14. Under no circumstances shall the dive exceed the planned bottom time.
15. At no time shall the planned dive exceed a no-decompression limit.
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTIONS
1.
Cleaning Equipment
a. Use an appropriate cleaning tool.
b. Dependant on the type of substrate algae is removed from, different methods may
be employed.
i.
Algae that has formed clumps or mattes will be removed by hand
and placed carefully in a catch bag.
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ii.
Light algae infestations can be gently blown from the substrate.
iii.
Algae on hard surfaces may be removed with a light scrubbing
action.
c.
At no time should the substrate be disturbed to the point of causing increased
turbidity in the water column.
d.
A routine schedule of maintenance removal of nuisance algae will result in the
lowest possible level of disturbance to the natural environment during cleaning
activities.
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MAINTENANCE REMOVAL OF NUISANCE ALGAE
IN HEADSPRINGS AND SPRING RUN STREAMS
Task Qualification Checklist
Name of Diver: __________________________________________
Prerequisites
Status as a active DEP Diver
Demonstrated skill and comfort underwater within identified working depths and
identification of target algae species and knowledge of surrounding habitats
Has been approved by the UDSO/DSO to dive to the depth required to complete the scope of
work as outlined in the DEP Underwater Operations Manual
Skills Demonstration: On the boat /at the dock
Identify all areas where algae is to be removed
Identify what methods will be used and what tools will be required
Identify nuisance algae disposal technique/location
Identify competency in required safety protocol
Identify possible hazards or wildlife concerns or behaviors
Observe from topside a cleaning of area by an approved DEP Diver
Supervised topside observation completed: _______Date ______UDSO Initials
Supervised topside observation completed: _______Date ______UDSO Initials
Skills Demonstration: In the water
1. Supervised maintenance removal completed: __________Date ___________ UDSO Initials
2. Supervised maintenance removal completed: __________Date ___________ UDSO Initials
Skills Demonstrated
Removed algae or other material in pre-identified areas
Used proper methods to achieve maintenance results
Demonstrated safe practices while working around non-captive and captive wildlife
Demonstrated a good comfort level and was comfortable with maintenance algae removal
tasks
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------By my signature below, I agree that this above named individual is qualified to perform the
tasks required for maintenance removal of Lyngbya sp. and other nuisance algae from springs
and spring run streams.
UDSO Printed Name: ______________________
Division/Unit: _______________
Signature: ________________________________
Date: ________________
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APPENDIX D
General Maintenance of Underwater Theater Area and Equipment
The following guidance establishes standardization and procedural operation
requirements for the general maintenance of the underwater theater and equipment used
by the performers of Weeki Wachee Springs while utilizing SCUBA and conducted under
the employment/ volunteering for FDEP.
There are various areas and equipment within the underwater performing area that
require routine and special maintenance or repair to from time to time. These areas
and/or equipment would include but are not limited to; air hoses, the main stage, the
castle, air locks or chambers in both those areas, the tube, the tube ladder, air curtains,
sound system, various props and other misc air systems.
These guidelines are effective immediately and shall be used in conjunction with the
DEP Underwater Operations Manual and with all applicable manufacturer user
manuals.
These procedures will allow divers to work safely and within the scope of allowable
protocol as defined in 29 CFR 1910. All safety, equipment and training requirements
listed in the DEP Underwater Operations Manual and these instructions must be met
before diving operations commence.
At no time shall mission accomplishment supersede diver safety. It is diver’s
responsibility to refuse to dive if, in their judgment, conditions are not safe or other
factors preclude diving (health, sea state, equipment, etc.). At no time shall diver safety
be compromised.
The maintenance of these areas and equipment whether routine or a special need can be
intensive and require sound diving skills, mechanical ability and troubleshooting skills.
Diver selection should be based on these criteria. At no time shall untrained personnel be
allowed to conduct these activities.
The nature of this work requires that divers and topside crew observe and obey all
safety requirements set forth by Federal and State regulations, the DEP Underwater
Operations Manual and with all applicable manufacturer user manuals. Manufacturer
recommendations should always be followed in the event a contradiction exists
between this Manual and any manufacturer-supplied operating manual.
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SKILLS AND QUALIFICATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE TO UNDER WATER
PERFORMING AREA AND EQUIPMENT
Individuals who demonstrate to the satisfaction of the UDSO or the DSO the required skills, will
be approved to participate in, or conduct underwater maintenance assignments as outlined in this
Manual.
The individuals qualified under these requirements will be allowed to conduct these activities to
the depths no greater than 45 fsw.
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS:
1.
Minimum Required Approvals:
a.
Be an active DEP Diver.
b.
Demonstrate skill and comfort underwater at the identified working depth
and in the upside down dive positioning (as may be needed for completing
some maintenance assignments).
c.
Has been approved by the UDSO/DSO to dive to the depth required to
complete the scope of work as outlined in the DEP Underwater Operations
Manual.
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS:
The objectives of the dive will determine the type of dive equipment that will be used. To
accommodate availability of equipment and personal preferences, and to permit sufficient
flexibility to accomplish operational objectives, only the minimum required equipment is listed
below:
1.
A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided for each diver
consisting of an independent reserve cylinder with a separate regulator, or
connected to the underwater breathing apparatus.
2.
If applicable, the valve of the reserve breathing gas supply shall be in the closed
position during entry into the water and immediately opened after entry.
SKILLS INSTRUCTION
The DEP Diver must receive instruction and demonstrate competency in the following to be
qualified to perform maintenance to any of the underwater areas and/or equipment of the
underwater performing area:
•
Understand the operation(s) the DEP Diver is required to perform.
•
Possess skills related to the operation(s) he/she is required to perform.
•
Understand the dive environment at the work site (i.e. water current, safety protocol,
visibility, animal behavior or characteristics that may be encountered while working)
•
Participation in a minimum of two topside observations of the maintenance
operation(s) to be performed.
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SKILLS DEMONSTRATION:
The diver must complete a minimum of one successful supervised maintenance assignment with
a UDSO and or a DSO onsite, while demonstrating the following skills:
1.
2.
At the Dock
a.
Describe the maintenance operation(s) that need to be done.
b.
Identify the tools that may be needed.
c.
Identify any replacement parts may be needed.
d.
Describe the procedure(s) for the maintenance operation(s).
e.
Demonstrate competency in the required safety protocol.
f.
Identify possible hazards or wildlife concerns or behaviors.
g.
Observe the maintenance operation from topside being performed by an
approved DEP Diver a minimum of two times.
In the Water
a.
Diagnose the maintenance issue in order to understand what may be
needed to complete the assignment.
b.
Perform the operation needed to complete the assignment.
c.
Demonstrate safe practice in completing the assignment.
d.
Demonstrate safe practice while working around wildlife (if possible).
e.
Demonstrate good technique and a comfort level while working. Some
maintenance techniques may require the DEP Diver to be upside-down and
underneath a stage or other submerged prop.
Note: It may be possible to satisfy several of the skills and qualifications
requirements during a single training session.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
The DEP Diver must satisfy the following safety requirements:
1.
Be familiar with all environmental conditions (water current, possible
thunderstorm threat, water temperature, thick grasses (hydrilla), water visibility,
bottom composition, surge, etc.).
2.
Be familiar with, and aware of possible animal or plant threats (alligators,
venomous snakes, fish or plants).
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3.
Be aware of sharp surfaces in and around the stage area, castle, underwater
portion of the theater and submerged props.
4.
Report any additional repair needs the DEP Diver sees immediately following a
dive that may have to be scheduled for a future dive.
5.
Notify the supervisor to alert performing staff if a maintenance assignment was
not completed and a potential safety issue still exists.
6.
Do not utilize damaged or defective equipment.
7.
Do not attempt to repair or alter any defective equipment.
8.
Inspect all maintenance tools or equipment for defects which could injure
personnel or cause environmental damage.
9.
Do not use lift bags to deploy or move equipment in the underwater arena.
10.
In low visibility situations, the DEP Diver must be able to clearly identify and
positively confirm any possible entanglement hazards.
11.
Wear protective gloves whenever possible when working.
12.
Handle all tools with care.
13.
While transporting tools to/from the work site, be mindful to vent any air added
to a buoyancy compensator PRIOR TO releasing any tools.
14.
Be mindful of bottom time and air consumption rates.
15.
Under no circumstances shall the dive exceed the planned bottom time.
16.
At no time shall the planned dive exceed a no-decompression limit
EQUIPMENT
1.
Use an appropriate tool for the job being performed.
2.
Replace broken parts with new parts and check performance.
3.
Notify underwater performers and support staff that repairs have been made or
have not been made.
4.
If repairs were unable to be made notify the supervisor so a plan can be set up for
repairs to get completed.
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UNDERWATER MAINTENANCE ASSIGNMENTS
TASK QUALIFICATION CHECKLIST
Name of Diver: __________________________________________
Prerequisites
Status as a active DEP Diver
Demonstrated skill and comfort underwater within identified working depths and
upside down dive positioning (as may encountered while completing maintenance
assignments)
Has been approved by the UDSO/DSO to dive to the depth required to complete the
scope of work as outlined in the DEP Underwater Operations Manual
Skills Demonstration: On the boat /at the dock
Identified basic knowledge of various duties and possible techniques that may be
used to complete a maintenance assignment
Identified knowledge and skills in the use of some basic tools
Identify competency in required safety protocol
Identified possible hazards and wildlife concerns or behavior
Observed two topside maintenance assignments by an approved DEP Diver
Supervised topside observation completed: _______Date ______UDSO Initials
Supervised topside observation completed: _______Date ______UDSO Initials
Skills Demonstration: In the water
1. Supervised maintenance assignment completed: ______Date _______UDSO Initials
2. Supervised maintenance assignment completed: ______Date _______UDSO Initials
Skills Demonstrated
Repaired maintenance issue as assigned
Demonstrated safe practices while working in underwater surroundings
Demonstrated a good comfort level and was comfortable with maintenance tasks
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------By my signature below, I agree that this above named individual is qualified to
perform glass bottom boat, underwater window and view port cleaning tasks
indicated.
UDSO Printed Name: ______________________
Division/Unit: _______________
Signature: _________________________________
Date: ________________
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APPENDIX E
Procedures and Operational Guidance for Underwater Performance Divers
The following guidance establishes standardization and procedural operation requirements for
Underwater Performance Divers while utilizing SCUBA and conducted under the employment /
volunteering for FDEP.
There are several levels of underwater performance divers to include Aquatic Trainee, Novice
Swimmer/Performer and finally Premier Swimmer/Performer. Each level requires the same
safety protocol and DEP Diver qualifications to be in the water.
These guidelines are effective immediately and shall be used in conjunction with the DEP
Underwater Operations Manual.
These procedures will allow divers to work safely and within the scope of allowable protocol as
defined in 29 CFR 1910. All safety, equipment and training requirements listed in the DEP
Underwater Operations Manual and these instructions must be met before diving operations
commence.
At no time shall mission accomplishment supersede diver safety. It is diver’s responsibility to
refuse to dive if, in their judgment, conditions are not safe or other factors preclude diving
(health, equipment, etc.). At no time shall diver safety be compromised.
The position of Underwater Performance Diver requires sound diving skills, basic knowledge
and troubleshooting skills of equipment found in the performing environment and the ability to
perform certain choreographed, synchronized moves at various depths not to exceed 30ft using
surfaced supplied air and special hoses. Diver selection should be based on these criteria. At no
time shall untrained personnel be allowed to conduct these activities.
The nature of this work requires that divers and topside crew observe and obey all safety
requirements set forth by Federal and State regulations, DEP Underwater Operations
Manual and all applicable manufacturer user manuals. Manufacturer recommendations should
always be followed in the event a contradiction exists between this Manual and any
manufacturer-supplied operating manual.
Skills and Qualifications for Underwater Performance Divers
Individuals who demonstrate the skills listed below to the satisfaction of the Unit Diving Safety Officer
(UDSO) or the Diving Safety Officer (DSO) will be approved to participate as an Underwater
Performance Diver with initial status as an “Aquatic Trainee” as outlined in this Manual.
Those individuals qualified under these requirements will be allowed to conduct the activities
specified herein to depths no greater than 45 feet sea water (fsw).
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS:
1.
All underwater performance and maintenance diving must be conducted while
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accompanied by, or in continuous visual contact with another Underwater
Performance Diver or DEP Diver during the diving operation.
2.
Underwater performance diving with two or more divers in the water requires a
dive team with a minimum of four members:
a.
A Designated Person-in-Charge (DPIC).
b.
One Standby Diver.
c.
Two Underwater Performance Divers.
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS:
1.
Water Audition
The purpose of the water audition is to allow management to observe and evaluate
the applicant’s swimming skills. The water audition consists of:
a.
Swimming Skills Test
The swimming skills test allows management to evaluate the
applicant’s basic swimming ability. During the swimming skills test
the applicant must demonstrate superior swimming ability and
confidence in the water. Only those applicants who successfully
complete the swimming skills test will be allowed to participate in
the underwater ballet part of the water audition. During the
swimming skills test the applicant is required to:
b.
(1)
Swim 50 yards utilizing a free-style or breast-stroke
(2)
Remain underwater and hold their breath for a minimum of
30 seconds
(3)
Swim underwater as far as possible, with a minimum of 15 yards
(4)
Tread water at the surface for at least 1 minute
Underwater Ballet
The purpose of the underwater ballet portion of the water audition
is to evaluate the applicant’s underwater swimming and
presentation skills. The test must be performed within view of the
control booth. Once the applicant is comfortable with the ballet
movements on land, he or she will free dive to a depth of
approximately 4-6 feet and attempt to duplicate the movements
underwater. These skills are performed using a surface air supply,
utilizing a breath-holding technique. Compressed air sources (i.e.,
SCUBA) must not be used. The following underwater skills shall be
demonstrated by the applicant during the underwater ballet
evaluation.
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2.
(1)
Dolphin movement – A 360 degree reverse somersault
performed with the back arched and legs straight.
(2)
Pin Wheel – A 360 degree reverse somersault performed
with the back arched; left leg forward and bent at a 90
degree angle at the knee, and the right leg extended.
(3)
Buoyancy Control – The applicant must descend as far as
possible by exhaling only. The goal is to touch the bottom
with feet.
(4)
Facial Expression – The applicant will smile, frown, and
simulate “blowing a kiss” underwater.
Minimum Approvals Required
a.
Active DEP Diver
b.
A minimum of ten successful supervised dives similar in scope to the work
being proposed or conducted, or a UDSO/DSO waiver
c.
Demonstrated skill and comfort underwater at the identified working
depth and upside down diving position (needed for practicing or
performing in shows)
d.
Has been approved by the UDSO/DSO to dive to the depth required to
complete the scope of work as outlined in the Underwater Operations Manual
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
The goals and objectives of the dive will necessitate what type of equipment will be used. To
accommodate availability of equipment, various personal preferences and the flexibility to
accomplish program goals and objectives, only the minimum additional equipment required per
OSHA regulation is listed here:
1.
Reserve bottles of air and additional air hoses strategically placed within close
proximity to the performing arena. The valve of the reserve breathing gas supply
shall be in the open position for the dive.
SKILLS INSTRUCTION
To be qualified as an Underwater Performance Diver, the Diver must work at the various levels
described in this Manual to attain the Premier Swimmer/Performer level and should receive
the following instruction and/or demonstrate competency in the following:
1.
Thorough understanding (must be able to describe in detail) and demonstration of
the skills associated with each level of Underwater Performance Diver.
2.
Thorough understanding (must be able to describe in detail) and demonstration of
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all equipment used as an Underwater Performance Diver.
3.
Thorough understanding (must be able to describe in detail) and demonstration of
all choreographed, synchronized and technical movements that will be performed.
4.
Thorough understanding (must be able to describe in detail) and demonstration of
the appearance and demeanor of an Underwater Performance Diver in and out of
the water.
5.
Thorough understanding (must be able to describe in detail) of the dive
environment (i.e. water currents, safety protocols, visibility, and the behavior or
characteristics of any wildlife that may be encountered while working).
6.
Participation in a minimum of two topside observations of an actual underwater
performance.
7.
Pursue the skills needed to reach the top level of Underwater Performance Diver.
SKILLS DEMONSTRATION FOR AQUATIC TRAINEE
The Underwater Performance Diver must demonstrate the following skills as an Aquatic Trainee:
1.
2.
At the Dock
a.
Identify all safety factors in and out of the water within and around the
performance arena (to include visitor safety).
b.
Identify all safety protocols for an emergency.
c.
Observe and begin to learn the basic duties of an observer/control room
operator.
d.
Identify and understand equipment and techniques used to perform under
water.
e.
Identify possible hazards or wildlife concerns (to include wildlife
characteristics and behaviors).
f.
Observe from topside an actual performance an approved Underwater
Performance Diver.
g.
Each Trainee will be assigned to one Premier Swimmer/Performer who
will act as trainer/mentor.
In the Water
a.
Become proficient in the use of surface supplied air ( to include handling of
hoses).
b.
Demonstrate safety skills in the water.
c.
Enter the performance arena through the tube passage accompanied by the
assigned trainer/mentor.
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d.
Demonstrate safety practices while working near wildlife (to include
manatees, turtles, etc.).
e.
Learn contingency plans for emergencies and locations of all safety related
equipment and supplies (e.g., location of air hoses what to do should an
emergency arise).
f.
Begin to display a good comfort level while practicing basic under water
performance skills.
SKILLS DEMONSTRATION FOR NOVICE SWIMMER/PERFORMER
The Diver must demonstrate the following skills (Aquatic Trainee and Underwater Performance Diver):
1.
2.
At the Dock
a.
Identify all safety factors in and out of water within and around the
performance arena (to include visitor safety).
b.
Identify all safety protocol should an emergency arise.
c.
Show proficiency as control room operator/observer.
d.
Identify possible hazards or wildlife concerns or behaviors.
In the Water
a.
Enter the performance arena safely via the tube passage.
b.
Learn to perform in at least two show positions.
c.
Demonstrate proper underwater methods and safety skills while practicing
and performing (to include performing in the upside-down position and
changing of costumes under water).
d.
Demonstrate safety practices while working around wildlife.
e.
Display a good comfort level while performing (it is important at this level
to learn how to smile underwater and not appear to be holding your
breath).
SKILLS DEMONSTRATION PREMIER SWIMMER/PERFORMER
The Underwater Performance Diver must demonstrate the following skills as a Premier
Swimmer/Performer:
1.
At the Dock
a.
Identify all safety factors in and out of water within and around the
performance arena (to include visitor safety).
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2.
b.
Identify all safety protocols to be followed should an emergency arise.
c.
Demonstrate proficiency as a control room operator/observer.
d.
Demonstrate proficiency with all performance movements and show
positions (roles) for a current production (performance).
e.
Identify possible hazards or wildlife concerns (to include wildlife
characteristics and behaviors).
In the Water
a.
Demonstrate proficiency with all aspects of diver safety and underwater
performance.
b.
Demonstrate proficiency with trouble shooting of equipment and the
proper manner of reporting to a supervisor any concerns or repair needs.
c.
A Premier Performance Diver is available to swim all show positions (roles)
including locations outside of the park (such as in major aquariums).
SAFETY CONSIDERATION FOR ALL LEVELS OF UNDERWATER PERFORMANCE DIVER
Underwater Performance Divers must:
1.
Be familiar with all applicable environmental conditions, such water currents,
possible thunderstorm threat, water temperature, thick grasses (e.g., hydrilla),
water visibility, bottom composition, surge, etc.
2.
Be familiar with, and aware of possible wildlife or plant threats (alligators, sharks,
venomous snakes, dangerous fish species or plants).
3.
Be aware of, and able to avoid sharp objects, dangerous surfaces and other
potentially hazardous obstacles.
4.
Be able to report any dangerous conditions, equipment or areas in need of repair,
immediately following a dive.
5.
Be able to recognize and not utilize damaged or defective equipment while
performing.
6.
Not attempt to repair or alter any potentially defective equipment.
7.
Know the surrounding area (to include show props, air hoses, stage, etc).
8.
Be mindful of bottom time.
9.
Not exceed the planned amount of time underwater.
10.
Not exceed a no-decompression limit at any time during a planned underwater
activity.
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EQUIPMENT USAGE
Equipment used, such as air hoses, will be the same for all Underwater Performance Diver levels and
each level should gain familiarity with, and the use of all equipment both in and out of the water.
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UNDERWATER PERFORMANCE DIVER TASK QUALIFICATION CHECKLIST
Name of Diver: _____________________________________
Prerequisites
Status as an Active DEP Diver
Demonstrated skill and comfort underwater within identified working depths and upside
down dive positioning (as is needed for performing)
Has been approved by the UDSO/DSO to dive to the depth required to complete the scope of
work as outlined in the DEP Underwater Operations Manual
Skills Demonstration: At the dock
Identified compressors and equipment to be used
Identified techniques to perform under water
Identify competency in required safety protocol
Identified possible hazards and wildlife concerns or behavior
Observed two show performances by an approved Underwater Performance Diver
Supervised topside observation completed: _______Date ______UDSO Intls
Supervised topside observation completed: _______Date ______UDSO Intls
Skills Demonstration: In the water
1. Entered performing arena from tube room:
Date______
USDO initials ______
2. Showed proficiency in at least two underwater technical moves:
Date _____
UDSO Initials _____
3. Demonstrated proficiency in free diving down to stage area to pick up air hose and breath
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------By my signature below, I agree that this above named individual is qualified to perform glass
bottom boat, underwater window and view port cleaning tasks indicated.
UDSO Printed Name: ______________________
Signature: ________________________________
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Date: ________________
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Appendix F
LINE TENDED DIVING PROCEDURES AND OPERATIONS
The following guidance establishes standardization and procedural operation
requirements for Line Tended SCUBA Diving conducted under the employment of DEP.
These guidelines are effective immediately and shall be used in conjunction with the
Underwater Operations Manual and with all applicable manufacturer user manuals.
Tethered SCUBA diving is a tended diving method where one diver in the water is line
tended by surface personnel and directed to perform a variety of underwater tasks,
which normally includes light work or scientific tasks.
These guidelines will improve a DEP Diver’s ability to work safely and within the scope
of allowable protocol as published by the FDEP. All safety practices, equipment and
training requirements listed in the Underwater Operations Manual and these guidelines
must be met before line tended SCUBA diving operations may commence.
It is the DEP Diver’s responsibility to refuse to dive if, in his/her judgment, conditions
are unsafe or other factors preclude diving (health, sea state, equipment, etc.). At no time
shall diver safety be compromised.
Line tended SCUBA diving operations are equipment intensive and require sound
diving skills, mechanical ability and troubleshooting skills. Diver selection shall be
based on these criteria. At no time shall untrained divers conduct line tended diving
operations until all applicable requirements have been met and the DEP Diver has been
approved to participate in line tended SCUBA diving by a UDSO or the DSO.
The nature of this work requires that divers and deck crew observe and obey all safety
requirements of the FDEP, any applicable Federal, State and local laws or ordnances
and manufacturer recommendations. Manufacturer recommendations should always
be followed in the event a contradiction exists between this Manual and any
manufacturer-supplied operating manual.
DEP Divers and deck crew shall be familiar with and follow all applicable diving safety
requirements at all times.
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LINE TENDED SCUBA DIVING LIMITATION
Line tended SCUBA diving shall only be conducted when sea conditions (which can
include any combination of wave height, water current, and visibility) are appropriate
and, when diving from a vessel, the vessel is securely anchored by a mooring buoy or
anchored by the vessels’ anchor(s).
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
1.
A DEP Diver using SCUBA shall be line tended when in the water or the
DEP Diver shall be accompanied by, and in continuous visual contact with,
another DEP Diver using SCUBA during the diving operation.
2.
SCUBA diving with one diver in the water requires a minimum dive team
of three members:
a.
A Designated Person-in-Charge (DPIC).
b.
A Standby Diver.
c.
A line-tended diver who shall be line tended from the surface when
deployed in the water.
CERTIFICATION AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
1.
2.
3.
Minimum Certifications Required:
a.
Standby Diver: DEP Diver
b.
Tended Diver: DEP Diver
c.
Line Tender: DEP Diver
Line Tender Training Requirement:
a.
Successful completion of DEP Line Tender Training (as both the
tender and diver).
b.
Successful completion of the Additional Line Tended SCUBA Diver
Training.
Full Face Mask Training:
a.
This is not a requirement for tethered SCUBA diving, however to use
full face mask equipment, successful completion of a training
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program that includes training in surface communications is
required.
b.
DPICs and line tenders must be familiar with the operation of
surface communication stations before conducting diving operations.
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
1.
A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided for each
diver consisting of:
a.
An independent reserve cylinder with a separate regulator or
connected to the underwater breathing apparatus.
2.
Unless connected to a manifold block, the valve of the reserve breathing gas
supply shall be in the closed position prior to the dive.
3.
A buoyancy compensator used for SCUBA diving must have an inflation
source separate from the breathing-gas supply. SCUBA diving requires the
use of a personal flotation device capable of maintaining the diver at the
surface in a face-up position; this device also must be capable of oral
inflation, have an exhaust valve, and have a manually activated inflation
source independent of the breathing-gas supply.
EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS
The goals and objectives of the dive will necessitate what type of equipment will be used.
Various equipment configuration examples can include standard SCUBA equipment with
tether harness, bailout air supply (with or without manifold block), and optional full face
mask with or without through water communications.
To accommodate availability of equipment, various personal preferences and the
flexibility to accomplish program goals and objectives, the equipment listed below should
be considered on available features and the configuration desired:
1.
Tether Harness
a.
Worn under BCD.
b.
Allows the tether to remain connected to the diver’s body in the
event the diver’s SCUBA equipment must be removed.
c.
Straps may allow for the attachment of strap mounted items such as
a manifold block and mask pouch.
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2.
3.
Buoyancy Control Device (BCD)
a.
If a manifold block cannot be attached to the BCD or harness, bailout
cylinder option (B) (listed below), must be utilized.
b.
The BCD should have an appropriate attachment option for the
bailout cylinder. The bailout cylinder must be attached in a manner
that provides immediate access to the cylinder valve and the SPG
must be clearly visible.
c.
If a full face mask is to be used, the BCD or harness should have an
appropriate attachment point for a mask pouch or a pocket large
enough to store a spare mask.
d.
If a communication system is to be used with the full face mask, the
BCD or harness must have straps available to accommodate any
required battery packs or transmission units.
Bailout Cylinder
a.
b.
4.
The bailout cylinder worn on the BCD consists of a SCUBA cylinder
and a first and second stage regulator and submersible pressure
gauge worn in one of the following manners:
1.
Option (A): Connected by low pressure hose to a manifold
block which is connected to a standard SCUBA second stage
or full face mask regulator. Note: If a manifold block is used, the
first stage regulator on the bailout cylinder will be fitted with an
over pressure relief valve.
2.
Option (B): Not connected to a manifold block and used as an
independent system.
The bailout cylinder will be of sufficient volume to allow sufficient
duration for use until the diver can reach the surface from the
maximum depth of the dive, another source of breathing media, or
be reached by the standby diver equipped with another source of
breathing media.
Cylinder Valves and Regulator Attachment
a.
DIN regulator to cylinder valve attachment is preferred over the
“standard” yoke style.
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b.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The encapsulated o-ring and threaded design assure the connection
will not be dislodged or the o-ring will not burst due to accidental
impact.
Optional Manifold Block
a.
Allows for attachment of primary air supply, bailout breathing
supply and standard SCUBA second stage regulator or full face mask
regulator to one point on the diver.
b.
Allows for quick and simple change to bailout air supply in the event
of primary air supply failure.
c.
If utilized with a full face mask, a bailout second stage regulator
must be attached to the manifold block.
Tether
a.
Tether requirements apply to both the diver and standby diver.
b.
Recommended tether line is 3/8” nylon line spliced to a snap
shackle.
c.
The tether is to be connected in a manner that allows the diver to
easily locate the tether in the event line pull signals are required.
d.
Do not attach the tether to a plastic D ring.
e.
Do not attach the tether to a weight belt.
Primary Air Supply
a.
Provided from a standard SCUBA HP cylinder via standard SCUBA
first and second stage regulators.
b.
If a manifold block is used, the primary air supply first and second
stage regulators are connected to the manifold block.
c.
The primary air supply pressure gauge must be clearly visible to the
diver.
Optional Full Face Mask
a.
When properly equipped, the diver is able to communicate via voice
communication with surface personnel, or to other dive team
members.
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b.
9.
When using a full face mask, a spare mask carried in a mask pouch
must be attached to the harness or BCD or stored in a BCD pocket.
When using a full face mask in conjunction with a manifold block, a bailout
regulator second stage must also be attached to the manifold block.
Optional Communication System
A communication system providing communication between diver and
topside support personnel consisting of
a.
Diver Equipment: A microphone and ear pieces integrated into a full
face mask. Power and voice transmission is provided through a
battery pack worn on the divers harness or a battery pack on the
earpiece.
b.
Surface Equipment: A communications
communication to the diver.
panel
that
allows
LINE PULL SIGNALS
The line pull signals provided in this Manual are the standard line pull signals found in
both the NOAA Diving Manual, Fourth Edition, 2001 and the U.S Navy Diving Manual
(Volume 1). Diving units should utilize these signals whenever possible. If operational
situations arise that require additional line pull signals, development of additional
signals to augment the line pull signals in this Manual is authorized.
Note: The line pull signals provided in this Manual shall be printed, laminated, and
stowed with tending lines.
A line pull signal consists of one pull or a series of sharp, distinct pulls on the tether
which are strong enough to be felt by the diver or tender. All slack must be taken out
of the line before a signal is given.
1.
2.
Emergency Signals From Diver to tender
2-2-2:
“I am fouled and need the assistance of another diver”
3-3-3:
“I am fouled but can clear myself”
4-4-4:
“Haul me up immediately”
Normal Signals from Tender to Diver
Note: All signals except emergency signals are returned to the originator.
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3.
1 Pull:
“Are you all right?” When diver is descending, one pull means
“Stop”
2 Pulls:
“Going down”. During ascent, two pulls means “You have come
up too far, go back down until we stop you”
3 Pulls:
“Stand by to come up”
4 Pulls:
“Come up”
Normal Signals from Diver to Tender
1 Pull:
“I am all right” or “I am on the bottom”
2 Pulls:
“Lower” or “Give me slack”
3 Pulls:
“Take up my slack”
4 Pulls:
“Haul me up”
Searching Signals
Without Search Line
With Search Line
7 Pulls
“Go on (or off) search
signals”
Same
1 Pull
“Stop and search where
you are”
Same
2 Pulls
“Move directly away from
the tender if given slack;
towards if strain is felt”
“Move away from the
weight”
3 Pulls
“Go to your right”
“Face the weight and go
right”
4 Pulls
“Go to your left”
“Face the weight and go
left”
DIVE PROCEDURES
Specific dive procedures may vary from unit to unit. These guidelines have been
established to provide a minimum standard and to assist units in planning dives.
1.
Pre Dive
a.
Assemble and test all equipment
(1)
BCD, harness, primary air supply, bailout cylinder, bailout
cylinder regulator
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2.
3.
(a)
Ensure the primary air supply cylinder is properly and
securely attached to the BCD.
(b)
Attach the bailout cylinder and regulator.
(c)
Verify all harness straps and clips are serviceable and
functioning properly.
(d)
Ensure all regulators and hoses are properly and
securely connected with no leaks.
(e)
Verify cylinder pressures.
Regulator or full face mask regulator and manifold block
(a)
Verify serviceability of the mask and mask harness.
Ensure the equalizing block is in place and properly
adjusted.
(b)
Ensure hoses are properly and securely connected to
the manifold block with no leaks.
(c)
Test manifold valve by diverting to/from bailout
cylinder.
(d)
Perform functional test of the regulator(s) or full face
mask regulator. If equipped, ensure the surface
breathing valve is closed for this test.
Diver and surface communication units
(a)
Verify all batteries have either been charged or have
been replaced.
(b)
Verify all components have been properly attached to
the full face mask.
(c)
If required, ensure the diver communication battery
pack is properly plugged into the full face mask
communications cable and that the battery pack is
securely mounted on the diver’s harness.
(d)
Assemble topside communications box.
(e)
“Air Test” communication units.
(f)
If used, deploy subsurface transducer.
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4.
b.
Tether
(a)
Ensure tether snap shackle opens and closes freely and
is connected and latched properly.
(b)
Do not connect the tether to a plastic D ring.
(c)
Do not connect the tether to a weight belt.
(d)
Ensure the non-diver end of the tether is connected
securely to the vessel.
Conduct a Pre Dive Briefing with all dive team members present
1.
Review the dive objective.
2.
Review the emergency procedures.
3.
Review line pull signals.
c.
Conduct a Communications Check
d.
Verify that Standby Diver equipment is assembled and staged
e.
Conduct a Pre Dive Safety Check
1.
Ensure non-diver end of tether is connected to vessel.
2.
Ensure the tether is properly coiled and will not tangle
upon diver entry.
3.
Verify primary air supply is ON. If connected to a block
manifold, ensure valve is positioned for primary air
supply.
4.
Check SPG connected to primary air supply.
5.
Ensure equipment is properly assembled and donned.
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(a)
For option (A) bailout cylinder configuration,
verify bailout cylinder valve is ON. Verify
cylinder pressure.
(b)
For option (B) bailout cylinder configuration,
verify bailout cylinder valve has been opened to
charge the system and then turned OFF. Verify
cylinder pressure.
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6.
2.
If a full face mask is worn, ensure a spare mask carried
in a mask pouch is secured to the harness or BCD or
stored in a BCD pocket.
During the Dive
a.
Ensure the tether is clear and the tender has sufficient slack to play
out when the diver enters the water.
b.
Prior to the diver descending, the diver should stop just under the
surface and conduct a bubble check on the first dive of the day. This
check is to be used to ensure no un-noticed air leaks are present. The
diver should ensure all hoses and connections are leak free.
c.
During descent and ascent, the diver is to monitor the tether to
ensure it is clear of vessel running gear, other lines and bottom
structure to prevent entanglement. The line tender and surface crew
should monitor and make notice of exhalation bubbles.
d.
Tender Duties:
(1)
Maintain visual contact and observe the direction of travel of
the tether.
(2)
Maintain appropriate tension on the tether without pulling the
diver.
(3)
Be alert for signals given by the diver.
(4)
Be alert for tether accidental disconnect.
(5)
Know and understand line pull signals and how to give them.
(6)
Immediately respond to signals.
(7)
Monitoring the diver constantly for signs of anxiety.
(8)
Monitoring the breathing rate of the diver (this can be a sign
to the diver’s mental and physical status).
(9)
Require the diver to stop what they are doing, rest, and
breathe (e.g. more deeply or slowly).
(10)
Notify the DPIC in situations that are not standard
procedures.
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e.
f.
3.
Diver Duties:
(1)
Prevent entanglement of the tether.
(2)
Ensure tether does not become accidentally disconnected.
(3)
Be alert for signals given by the tender.
(4)
Know and understand line pull signals and how to give them.
(5)
Immediately respond to signals.
(6)
If used, the diver is to monitor the manifold block handle
against accidental bumping and/or closure to ensure it
remains fully open to the primary breathing supply.
(7)
The diver is to be alert for any situation requiring immediate
attention such as loss of primary air supply or equipment
failure.
(8)
During ascent, the diver is to monitor the tether to prevent
entanglement and monitor and maintain ascent rate to no
more than 30 feet per minute.
DPIC responsibilities can include:
(1)
The same as those generally defined for buddy system SCUBA
operations, except that they can hear the diver throughout the
dive.
(2)
Remaining undistracted such that they can monitor the
surface for danger from incoming boat traffic and any other
hazards.
Post Dive
a.
Conduct a Post Dive Briefing will all team members present.
b.
Disassemble all equipment, rinse and/or soak all items as necessary.
Note: Be mindful of disconnected hoses and exposed electrical
connectors. Do not submerge or rinse hoses or electrical
components that have not been capped.
c.
Recharge all batteries.
d.
If necessary, sanitize the full face mask components.
e.
Coil and hang the tether line to air dry.
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f.
Ensure all components are completely dry before storing in dry
boxes.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
All applicable emergency procedures are to be discussed as part of the pre dive safety
briefing. The diver, tender and standby diver duties will be established and understood
before diving operations are conducted.
Caution: Any situation in which the diver begins to use reserve breathing gas requires
termination of the dive.
Emergencies may include, but are not limited to:
•
Loss of primary air supply (regulator)
•
Loss of primary air supply (full face mask)
•
Full face mask regulator failure
•
Loss of through water communication
•
Entanglement
•
Vessel Drags
Recommendations on how to handle emergencies:
1.
2.
Loss of primary air supply (out of air) using standard regulator second stage.
a.
Continually monitor regulator breathing resistance.
b.
Should breathing resistance dramatically increase, immediately
switch from primary air supply to bailout supply.
c.
Notify the tender via normal voice communication or line pull
signals.
d.
Ascend to the surface.
e.
Correct the problem.
Loss of primary air supply (out of air) using full face mask
a.
Any situation in which the diver begins to use reserve breathing gas
requires termination of the dive.
b.
Continually monitor regulator breathing resistance. Should breathing
resistance dramatically increase:
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3.
4.
5.
6.
(1)
If bailout cylinder option (A) is used, immediately switch
from primary air supply to bailout supply, notify the tender
via normal voice communication or line pull signals, ascend to
the surface and correct the problem.
(2)
If bailout cylinder option (B) is used, immediately retrieve the
bailout regulator second stage, open the valve on the bailout
cylinder, remove the full face mask, clear the second stage
regulator and begin normal breathing. Retrieve the spare
mask from the mask pouch and don and clear it. Notify the
tender via line pull signals, ascend to the surface and correct
the problem.
Failure of Full Face Mask Regulator
a.
If bailout cylinder option (A) is used, immediately retrieve the
bailout regulator second stage, remove the full face mask, clear the
bailout regulator, and begin normal breathing.
b.
If bailout cylinder option (B) is used, open the valve on the bailout
cylinder, remove the full face mask, clear the bailout regulator and
begin normal breathing.
c.
Retrieve the spare mask from the mask pouch, don it, and clear it.
d.
Notify the tender via line pull signals.
e.
Ascend to the surface.
f.
Correct the problem.
Loss of through water communication
a.
Notify the tender via line pull signals.
b.
Ascend to the surface and correct the problem or continue the dive.
If all communication cannot be re-established
a.
The dive will be terminated.
b.
The standby diver will immediately be deployed.
Entanglement:
a.
Should entanglement occur:
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b.
c.
d.
7.
(1)
The entanglement may prevent line pull signals to/from the
surface.
(2)
Stop movement.
(3)
Analyze the situation.
(4)
Attempt to free the entanglement.
If using through water communication:
(1)
Notify the line tender of the problem.
(2)
Stop movement.
(3)
Analyze the situation.
(4)
Attempt to free the entanglement.
If the Entanglement cannot be freed:
(1)
If possible, move to the end closest to the vessel that is not
entangled.
(2)
Signal the line tender you are entangled and need assistance.
If signals cannot be given:
(1)
Obtain hold of the tether.
(2)
Unclip it from the harness without letting go of the tether.
(3)
Attempt to free the entanglement.
(4)
Reattach the tether to the harness.
Loss of Exhalation Bubbles
a.
Should the line tender or surface crew notice a lack of exhalation
bubbles.
(1)
The tender will immediately attempt to communicate with the
diver through voice communication or line pull signals.
(2)
If attempts at communication fail:
(a)
The dive will be terminated.
(b)
The tender will immediately begin to haul in the diver.
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b.
8.
9.
Vessel drags anchor or breaks free of mooring:
a.
The diver will immediately cease all work.
b.
Terminate the dive.
c.
Return to the vessel by pulling hand over hand on the tether until the
diver is back at the surface or back at the vessel.
d.
The diver is to maintain an ascent rate of no more than 30 feet per
minute. This situation and alternate methods of diver retrieval
should be discussed as part of the pre-dive briefing.
Diver Recall- In the event the DPIC must terminate the dive:
a.
10.
If entanglement or other situations prevent the retrieval of the diver,
the standby diver will immediately be deployed.
Appropriate voice communication and/or line pull signals will be
used directing the diver to terminate the dive and return to the
surface.
Deploying the Standby Diver:
a.
When directed by the DPIC, the standby diver will immediately don
all required equipment.
b.
The standby diver will be deployed using one of the following
techniques:
c.
(1)
Using a suitable end to end attachment, the standby diver
clips his/her harness directly onto the tether connected to the
stricken diver and uses that tether to guide the descent, or
(2)
The standby diver descends using a second tending line.
Standard line pull signals will be utilized.
LINE-TENDED SCUBA DIVING TRAINING
Used in conjunction with the line pull signals and emergency procedures described
previously in this document, this section is designed to provide a thorough practical
guideline for the equipment and procedures required to safely conduct line tended
SCUBA diving. DSO/UDSO’s will determine requirements for any confined water and
open water training. Typical tethered diving equipment, personnel, and procedure is
described below.
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The diver, unlike with the conventional SCUBA diving buddy system, can be diving
alone and this may take some adjustment for the diver. The diver should move slower,
and not rush any tasks to be completed. The diver is responsible for checking his/her air
supply and reporting this to topside support and making other adjustments are needed.
The diver will need to adjust to not being primarily in control of the dive; that is, the
DPIC will be in constant communication with the diver, and will instruct the diver
concerning what to do, and at times, when to do it.
By the end of this training, the trainee will be able to:
•
Identify specific equipment components used in line tended SCUBA diving.
•
Identify the proper equipment configurations to be used in various situations
while conducting line tended SCUBA diving.
•
Properly assemble and don in the proper sequence, the equipment used for line
tended SCUBA diving in various configurations.
•
State the proper emergency procedures for each emergency situation.
•
Identify how to properly deploy the standby diver.
•
Identify and properly perform line pull signals.
•
Indentify the duties and responsibilities of both the line tender and diver.
•
Identify proper maintenance procedures for all type of equipment used in line
tended SCUBA diving.
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
1.
Performance Requirements
a.
2.
All prerequisites must be met prior to training for Line Tended
SCUBA Diving.
Equipment Introduction and Identification
a.
Trainees should be introduced to the various types of equipment and
the reasons they are worn in specific configurations.
b.
The best configuration or setup will be the simplest possible while
allowing all safety requirements to be met.
HARNESS AND BCD
1.
Tether Harness
a.
Lightweight, worn under BCD.
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b.
No buoyancy.
c.
Straps may allow for strap mounted items such as a manifold block
and/or mask pouch.
d.
May or may not be equipped with a crotch strap.
e.
Allows the tether to remain connected to the diver in the event the
divers’ equipment must be removed.
Tether Harness
2.
BCD
a.
Provides buoyancy, but limited with respect to mounting area.
b.
No exposed waist strap to mount manifold block, communications
unit or mask pouch.
c.
Some models have insufficient available D rings for tools and bailout
cylinder.
d.
If a manifold block cannot be attached to the BCD or harness, bailout
cylinder option (B) must be utilized.
e.
The BCD should have an appropriate attachment option for the
bailout cylinder. The bailout cylinder must be attached in a manner
that provides immediate access to the cylinder valve and the SPG
must be clearly visible.
f.
If a full face mask is to be used, the BCD or harness should have an
appropriate attachment point for a mask pouch or a pocket large
enough to store a spare mask.
g.
If a communication system is to be used with the full face mask, the
BCD must have straps available to accommodate any required
battery packs or transmission units.
REGULATORS (Both primary (standard or full face mask) and bailout)
a.
If a manifold block is used, the primary and bailout first stage
regulators are attached to the manifold block via low pressure hoses.
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b.
If a manifold block is used in conjunction with a full face mask, a
bailout regulator second stage must also be connected to the
manifold block.
c.
The primary air supply second stage is connected via low pressure
hose to the primary outlet on the manifold block.
d.
Submersible pressure gauges connected to each regulator are to be
clearly visible.
e.
If a manifold block is used, the first stage regulator on the bailout
cylinder will be fitted with an over pressure relief valve (OVR). The ORV
(figure 1) will prevent over inflation of the LP hose connecting the first
stage regulator and the manifold block, should the regulator fail.
f.
The ORV is fitted to the first stage regulator in an available low
pressure port.
OVER PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVE
CYLINDERS (Both primary and bailout)
1.
2.
Primary Cylinder
a.
Of sufficient size to accomplish a task or tasks without requiring the
use of the bailout air supply.
b.
Back mounted.
Bailout Cylinder
a.
The bailout cylinder is worn on the harness or BCD and consists of a
SCUBA cylinder and a first and second stage regulator and
submersible pressure gauge worn in one of the following manners:
(1)
Option (A): Connected by low pressure hose to a manifold
block which is connected to a standard SCUBA second stage
or full face mask regulator.
Note: If a manifold block is used, the first stage regulator on the
bailout cylinder will be fitted with an over pressure relief valve.
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(2)
3.
Option (B): Not connected to a manifold block and used as an
independent system.
b.
The bailout cylinder will be of sufficient volume to allow sufficient
duration for use until the diver can reach the surface from the
maximum depth of the dive, another source of breathing media, or
be reached by the standby diver equipped with another source of
breathing media.
c.
The bailout cylinder must be attached in a manner that provides
immediate access to the cylinder valve and the SPG must be clearly
visible.
d.
The bailout cylinder must be D-ring mounted or worn in a carrying
pouch on the right side.
e.
Recommended attachment hardware: one 2” brass ring, one 3 ½”
hose clamp, one 1” D ring, one ½” taco, 2 ¾” of hose sleeve, two
double end snap clips, one silicon snorkel keeper.
f.
The best size bailout cylinder for work and depth limit is a 13 cu ft
cylinder.
Full Face Mask
a. Unless working in polluted waters, the primary reason for a full face
mask is the ability to add a communication system and communicate
with topside personnel.
b. A full face mask is not a requirement for tethered SCUBA diving; it is a
component that may allow for more effective mission accomplishment.
c. When using a full face mask, a spare mask carried in a mask pouch must
be attached to the harness or BCD or stored in a BCD pocket.
d. If used in conjunction with a manifold block, a bailout regulator second
stage must be attached to the manifold block.
e. Full face mask features:
1. Includes an oral/nasal cavity for speech.
2. Diver uses an equalizing device such as a nose block integrated into
the mask.
3. Mask utilizes positive pressure to prevent flooding.
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4. Equipped with high flow, adjustable regulator.
4.
Communications System
a.
b.
5.
Identify the type of diver system that will be worn:
(1)
Single Side Band: Utilizes a transceiver/battery pack or hard
wire from surface.
(2)
Buddy Phone: Small microphone and earpiece assembly that
fits on a mask strap.
(3)
Hardwire: A cabled communication system usually attached
to the tether.
Identify the topside communication box and associated components.
Manifold Block
a.
Allows all air sources to be connected to one point on the diver.
Note: Directional routing of the regulator hose on the full face mask will
determine left or right side mounting of the manifold block.
b.
The Manifold block is to be mounted in an unobstructed manner
which allows the diver to reach it “naturally”.
MANIFOLD BLOCK
c.
6.
Hoses are to be routed to not hamper the divers’ movements.
Tether
a.
A snap shackle connecting the tether will be connected either on the
tether or on diver harness. Snap shackles should be stainless steel or
brass, should be positive locking, and should have a small lanyard
attached to the opening pin.
SNAP SHACKLE
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b.
The length of the tether is calculated as the depth of the dive added
to the horizontal distance to be traveled, multiplied one and a half
times.
c.
Tether requirements apply to both the diver and standby diver.
d.
Tether line is 3/8” nylon line spliced to a snap shackle.
e.
The tether is to be connected in a manner that allows the diver to
easily locate the tether in the event line pull signals are required.
Caution: Do not attach the tether to a plastic D ring.
Caution: Do not attach the tether to a weight belt.
7.
Cutting Devices
a.
8.
9.
In addition to personal dive equipment and the equipment used for
line tended SCUBA diving, the diver will have 2 cutting devices
within easy reach. The following are recommended cutting devices:
(1)
EMS shears; capable of cutting through line and wire.
(2)
Serrated knife; will cut through line with minimal effort.
Equipment Assembly
a.
Assembly is based on the specific equipment configuration.
b.
Discuss manifold block, hose routing, bailout cylinder, spare mask,
communication packs.
c.
Assembly demonstration.
d.
Proper wearing (donning) of equipment.
e.
Sequence depends on the equipment configuration being used.
Line Pull Signals
a.
Discuss standard line pull signals.
b.
Line pull signal demonstration.
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10.
11.
Pre and post dive briefing and checks
a.
Discuss specific safety requirements based upon dive operations.
b.
Discuss dive operations and suggestions to improve effectiveness
and or safety.
Emergency Situations Overview
a.
12.
Discuss Specific Emergency Procedures.
Equipment Maintenance
a.
Be mindful of disconnected hoses and exposed electrical connectors.
b.
Do not submerge or rinse hoses or electrical components that have
not been capped.
c.
Recharge all batteries.
d.
If needed, sanitize the full face mask components.
e.
Coil and hang the tether line to air dry.
f.
Ensure that all components are completely dry before storing in dry
boxes.
MANUFACTURER INFORMATION
For specific information on the purchase, use, maintenance and repair of the equipment
used in line tended SCUBA diving visit the following:
1.
2.
3.
Manifold Block and Overpressure Relief Valve http://www.Kirby
morgan.com
Full Face Masks and Communication Systems
a.
Ocean Reef http://www.oceanreefgroup.com
b.
Ocean
Technology
systems.com
Systems
http://www.oceantechnology
Tether
Harness
http://www.diverescueintl.com/Chest-Harness-wstainless-steel-D-ring-P27.aspx
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APPENDIX G
PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING LIONFISH
DEP Diving Program participants involved in capturing, spearing and handling lionfish
should use great caution to avoid injury and potential exposure to venom. Accordingly,
the following minimum guidelines are effective for all DEP Diving Program participants:
In order to minimize the risk of employee exposure to lionfish venom, the following
methodology should be used:
1. Minimize the number of DEP Diving Program participants who are capturing or
spearing lionfish and involve only those who volunteer for the duties.
2. For personnel who engage in capture/spearing of lionfish, ensure they have been
properly trained and are properly equipped.
A.
HANDLING
All DEP Diving Program participants handling or working in close proximity with
lionfish shall be extremely cautious and avoid direct contact with the venomous spines of
lionfish to the greatest extent possible.
Proper personal protective equipment should be used when working with lionfish.
Capture and/or spearing methods shall be used as described.
Follow manufacturer’s recommendations when using spear guns or pole spears.
B.
EXPOSURE AND PREVENTION
Capturing lionfish will increase the risk of puncture wound and sting. The lionfish will
often be exposed and may thrash around in defense, fall out of a capture net, or fall off of
a spear tip with an inadvertent sting as a result.
Spearing and killing the lionfish will eliminate the thrashing of the fish, but care must be
taken to avoid the venomous spines when removing the fish from the spear as there is
still the risk of stinging. This is also true when transferring the lionfish from one
container to another.
Lionfish possess venom glands in their dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins and the venom is
delivered via an array of up to 18 needle-like spines. The primary function of these
spines is a defensive against threats and predators. The amount of venom injected from
each spine is dependent on how much pressure is being placed on the spine and the
amount of time the spine is left in the tissue. Lionfish can remain alive for quite some
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time out of water. The injection of venom is a mechanical process, thus, one can be stung
even after a lionfish is killed.
WARNING: DO NOT ASSUME THAT A LIONFISH IS SAFE TO HANDLE AT ANY
TIME, AS LIONFISH CAN INJECT VENOM WHILE DEAD. IT MAY BE BEST TO
REMOVE THE SPINES USING DIVE SCISSORS DURING THE PROCESSING.
A sting from a lionfish can be extremely painful to humans and can cause nausea and
breathing difficulties, but is rarely fatal.
C.
POST EXPOSURE TREATMENT
Post exposure treatment is an urgent matter and should be handled promptly. Anyone
who suspects a potential exposure should follow these procedures:
1. For first aid, check to see if there are any pieces of spine left in wound. If any are
present, remove using tweezers. (If a spine is imbedded near a larger blood vessel,
a joint, or a major nerve, go to an emergency room and do not attempt to remove it
yourself.)
2. If the wound bleeds, and there is no risk of driving the spine deeper, apply direct
pressure to help stop the flow.
3. Lionfish venom is broken down very effectively by exposure to heat. You can soak
or bathe the injured body part in water that is as hot as you can stand. This is
normally around 110° to 114° F; exposure to higher water temperatures may cause
scalding. After hot water treatment, the wound should be elevated to help reduce
any swelling. An antibiotic ointment should also be applied to the wound area.
4. Seek medical attention. Go to a hospital as soon as possible and report the sting and
the type of fish you were stung by. If possible, it is recommended that the area be
thoroughly checked using standard X-ray techniques, ultrasound, or even a CT
scan or MRI scan.
In all cases where a skin-breaking wound is caused by a marine organism, tetanus
prophylaxis (a shot) is required if you are not up to date. It is well documented that
tetanus has caused many deaths following marine organism-related penetrating
wounds. Likewise, numerous other infections can also occur in conjunction with such
wounds, including those caused by Vibrio spp.
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APPENDIX H
FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SPEAR FISHING PROTOCOLS
The use of spear guns, pole spears, and Hawaiian Slings to capture fish and invertebrates
is restricted to the approved research and collection projects that have an objective of
harvesting animals and the spear gun is the stated method for harvest. Spear guns are not
authorized for incidental capture of animals for food or recreation on DEP operations.
PRECAUTIONS
• The spear gun will not be loaded or cocked onboard the boat or vessel
• The spear point will be covered or removed from the spear while aboard the
boat or vessel
• The spear gun will be stowed to avoid accidents aboard vessels or vehicles
•
Spear gun operations will not be conducted in areas of poor visibility, or areas
with swimmers, snorkelers, or divers in close proximity
•
If there are surface fishing activities going on in the local area, the diving
supervisor will notify them about the spearfishing operation
•
If harvesting is going to occur in a closed to fishing area, the DDS will notify
the local enforcement authorities 24 hours in advance of the operations and
ensure that valid permits have been obtained and are aboard the vessel
QUALIFYING STANDARDS
•
Any individual designated as a "shooter" must demonstrate skills of loading
and maneuvering with the spear gun in the water under controlled
•
The UDSO will check out and approve all spear gun shooters prior to the
individual's participation in a harvesting operation
•
The skills shall include loading the gun underwater, maneuvering with the
gun, shooting and striking a simulated target in the water column (a float on a
line) with the spear. The target should approximate the size and shape of the
animals that the shooter will be harvesting. The shooter will demonstrate
unloading a cocked gun in the water and demonstrating good judgment in the
way he or she points the gun while swimming
PRE-DIVE MOBILIZING
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•
Survey the harvesting area. The diving supervisor will make the decision if the
area is reasonable to conduct operations. The criteria will include the proximity
to other people in the water, visibility, sea state, and the presence of large
predators that might interfere with harvesting
•
The UDSO will brief the team on the objectives and limits of the operation
•
Check the equipment to be sure that all components are aboard the vessel and
are functioning
•
Visibility in the water should be at least 15 feet to be sure of good sighting on
the target animals
•
The organization will include a dive team, a stand-by diver, and a DDS. If at
any time, the conditions change, (weather, people are entering the water near
to the operation) one of the surface personnel will signal the spearfishing team
to terminate the operation. The signal to terminate will be reviewed in advance
of entering the water. Options include bells, and starting the engine and
revving it three times
SPEAR GUN OPERATIONS
•
Each spear gun team will enter the water and the guns will be loaded in a
manner that maximizes safety for the shooters and the team members
•
All shooters will keep guns pointed forward and the safety on until a target
animal is approached.
•
When selecting targets, shooters will evaluate the risks and potential for
success: location of other team members, location of the target relative to nontarget animals, and if the spear might impact benthic resources (sponges,
corals, anemones) if it misses the target
•
When the target is selected, the shooter will place safety in the shoot mode,
aim, and shoot to harvest the animal. After the shot, the team will assist as
appropriate in recovering the animal and spear. Moving the animal to the boat
quickly is important in reducing potential risks and maximizing the quality of
the specimen
•
The spear gun will be unloaded underwater before surfacing and boarding the
vessel. After boarding, the spear point will be covered or removed and the
spear gun will be secured for transport
•
Spear guns will be washed and then stored in a secure area. They may not be
used for personal benefit
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APPENDIX I
DEP SNORKELING/SKIN DIVING
DEP SNORKELING POLICY
1.
Purpose
This policy establishes guidelines for the planning and safe conduct of snorkeling
by Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) employees, employees of other
agencies and entities authorized by DEP, and volunteers.
For the purposes of this document, employees of DEP, employees of other
agencies and entities, or volunteers are individuals who have completed the
necessary training, have submitted the required documents related to snorkeling
qualification, and have the approval of appropriate Department staff to assist
with department projects by snorkeling.
Supervisors of employees or volunteers planning to engage in snorkeling
operations as part of a DEP work assignment should contact their DEP Unit Dive
Safety Officer (UDSO), Snorkel Safety Officer (SSO), Department Diving Safety
Officer (DSO) or their District/Program/Office representative, as appropriate, for
additional guidelines and safety procedures that may be required.
2.
Authority and Delegation of Authority
DEP Directive 710, Workplace Safety and Loss Control Management Program
3.
Definitions
A snorkeler is defined as any person who is partially or completely submerged in
water, is equipped with a facemask, with or without a snorkel, and is not
breathing compressed gases. This includes a person who “skin dives” below the
surface and returns to the surface on one breath. The terms "free diving",
"snorkeling", “skin diving” and "breath-hold diving" are synonymous for the
purposes of this policy.
4.
Validation and Medical Requirements
DEP Snorkeling Program participants who will be snorkeling as a part of their
regular duties, as described in their position description (if applicable), shall meet
the following minimum requirements:
a.
DEP Snorkeling Program participants must obtain a written “Snorkeling
Approval Letter” from their supervisor.
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b.
Medical Requirements
DEP Snorkeling Program participants shall complete a “Statement of
Understanding and Fitness to Snorkel” form, and shall be in good health,
tolerant of moderate to strenuous exercise and be free of any physical or
medical condition which could interfere with safe snorkeling activities.
The individual snorkeler must be aware that he/she is responsible for
his/her own health and safety, and must notify their supervisor of any
known impairment that would preclude safe snorkeling.
c.
Academic Requirements
(1)
(2)
Physics and Physiology
(a)
Buoyancy
(b)
Pressure
(c)
Equalization Techniques
(d)
Shallow water blackout
(e)
Hyperventilation
(f)
Hyperthermia
(g)
Sunburn
Snorkeling Equipment
(a)
Dive Mask
(b)
Dive Fins
(c)
Snorkel
(3)
Exposure Protection
(4)
Buoyancy Protection
(5)
Snorkeling Buoyancy Vest
(6)
Accessories
(a)
Dive Flag
(b)
Cutting Device
(c)
Underwater Slate
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(7)
(8)
d.
(d)
Underwater Camera
(e)
Weight belt
(f)
Anti-fog for Dive Mask
Dive Planning
(a)
Buddy system
(b)
Dive plan
(c)
Boat traffic
Aquatic Environment
(a)
Marine life
(b)
Possible marine life injuries
(c)
Fresh and salt water environment
In water skills demonstration will consist of:
(1)
Donning and wearing of snorkel equipment to include flotation vests
(2)
Proper Entry
(a)
Water entry from a boat, if available
(b)
Shore entry
(3)
Buoyancy Check
(4)
Surface Snorkel Swimming
(5)
(a)
Proper head position
(b)
Snorkel clearing
(c)
Proper body positioning
Surface Snorkeling Techniques
(a)
Pre-dive breathing
(b)
Body positioning
(c)
Underwater swimming technique
(d)
Snorkel clearing (displacement and blast methods)
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e.
Emergency Procedures
(1)
Bring the individual back to the boat /shore keeping their head
above water at all times.
(2)
Contact or send for someone to contact emergencies services using
911 or VHF channel 16 and comply with instructions provided by
EMS personnel.
(3)
Perform first aid.
(4)
It may be necessary for vessel occupants to operate the boat and
navigate back to the port of origin.
(5)
Contact your division/district/office director, UDSO, and DSO as
soon as possible to provide an incident report.
A DEP Snorkeling Program participant that holds a current SCUBA certification
obtained within the previous two years from a nationally recognized training
organization, or has a SCUBA certification and a current dive log that shows
diving over the last two years is considered to have met the snorkeling validation
requirement.
The DEP unit sponsoring the activity shall arrange for an appropriate number of
observers to monitor DEP Snorkeling Program participants during snorkeling
activities. Factors used to determine the number of observers should include, at a
minimum, water conditions and experience of snorkeling participants.
5.
Equipment
DEP Snorkeling Program participants should be properly equipped to carry out
assigned duties safely. If snorkeling is a part of the employee's regular duties and
on their position description, the Department may pay for the equipment. DEP
Snorkeling Program participants may use their personal equipment to snorkel. The
equipment must be in good working order and be maintained according to the
manufacturer's recommendations.
As necessary to perform duties, snorkeling equipment may include, but not be
limited to: dive mask, fins, snorkel, buoyancy compensator or snorkeling vest,
protective foot wear, protective clothing (e.g., gloves, wet suit, or skin suit), weight
belt and dive flag as required by law.
6.
Procedures
a.
The snorkeler shall obtain a “Snorkeling Approval Letter” (Attachment 1), sign a
“Statement of Understanding and Fitness to Snorkel” form (Attachment 2), and
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forward them to their supervisor, UDSO or SSO.
7.
b.
Snorkeler must have prior approval and meet the diving and/or
snorkeling validation requirements in the DEP Underwater Operations
Manual. This statement must be placed on position descriptions for all
divers.
c.
Snorkeling shall be planned in writing and should be conducted according
to the “Snorkeling Plan” (Attachment 3). All plans must be approved by the
UDSO or SSO prior to the activity taking place.
d.
In accordance with applicable local, state and federal regulations, an
approved "Diver Down" flag will be displayed while snorkeling.
e.
Each DEP Snorkeling Program participant shall maintain a log of all workrelated snorkeling activities (Attachment 4). The logs shall be submitted to
the employee’s UDSO/SSO periodically as defined by the unit, but at least
annually.
f.
The decision to snorkel is that of the individual. A person may refuse to
snorkel without fear of penalty whenever they feel it is unsafe for them to
engage in the activity.
g.
No DEP Snorkeling Program participants shall snorkel alone. At a
minimum there will be a designated person in charge (whether in the water
or not in the water), ready and able to render immediate assistance if
necessary.
Emergencies
In an emergency situation, any person may deviate from this policy and its
guidelines to the extent necessary to prevent or minimize a situation that is likely
to cause death, serious physical harm, or major environmental damage. Before
any such deviation, the employee must assess potential risk or harm to
themselves or others, and the environment.
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Attachment 1
DEP Snorkeling Program Approval Letter
To: ______________________________________ (SSO/UDSO/DSO)
From: ___________________________________ (DEP Snorkel Program Participant)
Location: ________________________________ (Headquarters/Program)
Information received from candidate:
Signed
a) Statement of Understanding and Fitness to Snorkel
Date
______
__________
b) Other comments:
c) Snorkeling on position description, if applicable
______
__________
Skills and approval (Sign Off on one):
1. This letter indicates that the above named individual has received a nationally
recognized SCUBA certification within the last two years, or has SCUBA certification and
a current dive log that shows adequate diving over the last two years, and as such has
snorkeling skills and other associated safety training necessary to participate in
snorkeling. The individual is therefore not required to take snorkeling training.
_______________________________________________
Employee’s Supervisor Signature (approval to snorkel)
_________________
Date
2. This letter indicates that the above named individual has successfully demonstrated
competency in snorkeling skills as outlined in the DEP Snorkeling Policy of the
Underwater Operations Manual.
_____________________________________________
SSO/UDSO/DSO signature
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Attachment 2
Statement of Understanding and Fitness to Snorkel
To: ______________________________________ (SSO/UDSO/DSO)
From: ___________________________________ (DEP Snorkel Program Participant)
Location: ________________________________ (Headquarters/Program)
I, the undersigned, understand that snorkeling is an activity that may require strenuous
physical exertion for an extended period of time. I am tolerant of such conditions and in
good health.
I understand that certain risks cannot be totally eliminated by training and planning.
These include, but are not limited to: drowning, ruptured eardrums, or sinuses;
organisms in the water that might bite, sting, or inject toxic substances into the body and
environmental hardships including rough seas, strong currents, cold or warm
temperatures.
I understand that I, the individual snorkeler, must be aware that I am ultimately
responsible for my health and safety and that it is my responsibility to inform my
supervisor and/or refuse to snorkel if conditions are unsafe, or other factors such as
health, equipment failure, or danger from boat traffic precludes safe snorkeling.
The DEP unit sponsoring the activity shall arrange for an appropriate number of
observers to monitor snorkeling activities.
I have read, understand, and will comply with the DEP Snorkeling Policy.
Signature: _____________________________________ Date: ___________________
(DEP Snorkel Program Participant)
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Attachment 3
DEP Snorkeling Plan
To: ______________________________________ (SSO/UDSO/DSO)
From: ___________________________________ (DEP Snorkel Program Participant)
Location: ________________________________ (Headquarters/Program)
Date:____________________________________
Date & estimated time of skin dive:
_______________________________________________________________________________
Location of skin dive:
_______________________________________________________________________________
Objective & activity to be performed:______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
List any special hazards or conditions that may affect the safety of the skin dive:
1.
2.
3.
Participant Roles
Participants Names
Emergency Contact
Name and Phone
Supervisor
Name and Phone
Lead Snorkeler
Snorkeler
Basic Equipment Checklist:
_____ Buoyancy Compensator/vest _____ Weight belt
_____ Mask
_____ Snorkel
_____ Fins
_____ Protective Clothing
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_____ Dive flag
_____ Other ____________________________
Cell Phone on Location Name_______________________
#: (____) - _____ _________
Shore Contact Name: ________________________________
#: (____) - ____ - _________
US Coast Guard Phone #: (____) - ____ - _________
Nearest Hospital Phone # ________________________________
______ Approved
______Disapproved
__________________________________
Supervisor/SSO/UDSO/DSO Signature
__________________
Date
(The original will be kept by the SSO/UDSO/DSO; a copy goes to the shore contact; a
copy goes with the snorkelers)
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Attachment 4
Snorkeling Log
DATE
SITE (Location, Project)
TIME IN
COMMENTS
Snorkeler’s Name: ________________________ Organization: ________________________
SSO/UDSO/DSO Name: _______________________
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Appendix J
DEP Directive 710-Workplace Safety and Loss Control Management
State of Florida
Department of Environmental Protection
Administrative Directive
DEP 710
Effective: September 16, 2010
Approved by the Secretary
WORKPLACE SAFETY AND LOSS CONTROL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
1.
Purpose
Establish Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) policy in the areas of
employee safety and loss control management, create a Department Safety Advisory
Board (SAB) and Division/District/Office Safety committees, and create a
Department Diving Safety Advisory Board (DSAB). Set forth authority for the
development and implementation of a Safety and Loss Control Management
Program in an effort to prevent employee injuries and equipment losses and reduce
the Department’s auto, civil rights, workers’ compensation and general liabilities
claims.
2.
Authority
Section 284.50, Florida Statutes (F.S.)
3.
Scope
The Department will ensure a safe working environment for its employees,
implement safety requirements, promote increased safety awareness among its
employees and develop an organizational structure to ensure compliance with the
Department's Health and Safety Program and Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) standards.
4.
Safety and Loss Control Management Program
The Secretary will appoint a Department Safety Program Administrator (SPA)
who will be responsible for the development, implementation and administration
of the Department's Safety and Loss Control Management Program. Loss control
management involves prevention, reduction and control of occupational injury
and illness, property damage (including fire and explosion), security breaches
(thefts), liability (auto, general, civil rights and workers’ compensation), exposures
(heat, noise, chemicals and hazardous materials) and recognition and elimination
of hazards through safety awareness.
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The Department SPA shall also serve as the Department Diving Safety Officer
(DSO). In addition, the SPA will serve as the Department's representative on the
Interagency Advisory Council on Loss Prevention, as Chairperson of the
Department's SAB and member of the DSAB.
5.
Department Safety Program Administrator
a. The Department SPA, in accordance with the Department’s safety and injury
prevention program, has been designated as the responsible safety officer and
has the responsibility, under the authority and supervision of the Secretary, to
do the following in the name of the DEP:
(1)
review policies of safe practices for each function within the
Department;
(2)
ensure that safe operating policies for use of equipment is consistent
with manufacturer’s recommendations and specifications;
(3)
develop and implement a system to encourage employees to report
unsafe conditions immediately;
(4)
ensure that a thorough review of each accident, whether or not it
results in an injury, is conducted to determine the cause of the
accident and to prevent recurrence;
(5)
ensure that Safety Program Managers (SPMs) instruct supervisors in
safety responsibilities;
(6)
ensure that a program of employee safety education is implemented;
(7)
conduct scheduled and unscheduled inspections to identify and
correct unsafe working conditions, and stop hazardous operations
where life threatening or major property damage is imminent;
(8)
ensure that training records, periodic inspections, corrective actions
and investigations are maintained as required by law;
(9)
establish a Department SAB and DSAB and conduct, at a minimum,
quarterly meetings of these committees; and
(10)
pursuant to Section 284.50, Florida Statutes, (F.S.) report annually to
the Governor by the 15th of January any actions taken to prevent jobrelated employee accidents, together with suggestions for safeguards
and improvement.
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6.
Department Safety Advisory Board
a.
The SAB will consist of the Department’s SPA and one or more SPM
appointed by each Division/District/Office to represent that
Division/District/Office.
b.
The SAB will develop a written DEP Health and Safety Manual (Attachment
I) to be approved by the Secretary, that establishes criteria for safe working
conditions and practices for all Department employees, enhances
occupational safety and health conditions for employees and promotes
education in the frequency and severity of work-related incidents, injuries
and illnesses. The DEP Health and Safety Manual will include, but not be
limited to:
(1)
a policy statement defining management's commitment and
involvement;
(2)
responsibilities and duties of management, the SPA, the SAB and the
Safety Committees;
(3)
recommended health and safety training;
(4)
first aid procedures;
(5)
record-keeping procedures;
(6)
injury/illness reporting procedures; and
(7)
safety rules, policies and procedures for Department activities.
c.
The SAB will meet quarterly or at the call of the SPA to evaluate
circumstances related to reported incidents and to address safety concerns
presented by the Division/District/Office SPM.
d.
The SAB will make written recommendations to Department management
regarding policy changes necessary to promote a safer work environment,
including policy changes to the DEP Health and Safety Manual. The SAB will
also make recommendations to the Divisions/Districts/Offices to effect
specific changes to create a safer work environment and ensure compliance
with policy changes approved by the Department.
e.
The SAB will establish and communicate procedures for evaluating the
effectiveness of control measures used to protect employees from health and
safety hazards in the workplace.
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7.
8.
f.
The SAB will evaluate employee injury and incident records identifying
trends and patterns, and formulate corrective measures to prevent
recurrence.
g.
The SAB will review and update workplace safety rules based on incident
review findings, inspection findings, employee reports of unsafe conditions
or work practices, and address suggestions and concerns.
Safety Program Manager
a.
The SPM will assist supervisors in providing training and technical
assistance, determining needs for personal protective equipment, and
assessing job-related health and safety issues as required.
b.
The SPM will maintain or have access to a library that contains copies of
codes, standards, safety manuals, and reports that regulate the
Division/District/Office Health and Safety Program and copies of records
and reports regarding health and safety issues.
c.
The SPM will review statistical analyses (Department of Financial Services
reports), First Notice of Injury or Illness, incident investigations, property
damage, and vehicle incident reports.
d.
The SPM will assist management in establishing and maintaining a healthy
and safe working environment and provide management with the
information, advice, and assistance needed to formulate the
Division/District/Office Health and Safety policies, directives, procedures,
and standards.
e.
The SPA and Division/District /Office SPM will attend appropriate
training sessions to become familiar with safety and loss control
management and prevention techniques and recommend general safety
education and training programs.
Safety Committees
a.
Each Division/District/Office will appoint a SPM to represent the
Division/District/Office at the SAB quarterly meetings for an initial period
of one year. Each SPM will assemble a team of employees within that
Division/District/Office known as the Division/District/Office Safety
Committee. For the second and subsequent years, any member of the
Safety Committee may represent the Division/District/Office at SAB
meetings. Larger, more geographically dispersed
Divisions/Districts/Offices may appoint additional SPMs to actively
promote the Department’s commitment to safety.
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b.
9.
Each Division/District/Office Safety Committee will:
(1)
review and comment on the DEP Health and Safety Manual and
provide comments to the SAB;
(2)
implement the DEP Health and Safety Manual;
(3)
establish and communicate procedures for conducting employee
safety and health inspections of the workplace;
(4)
establish and communicate procedures to investigate and analyze
causal factors related to workplace “close call”, incidents, safetyrelated incidents, injuries, illnesses, diseases and fatalities in order to
eliminate hazards or reduce their potential recurrence;
(5)
evaluate the effectiveness of and recommend improvements to the
Department's safety rules, policies and procedures for incident
prevention and wellness programs in the workplace; and
(6)
establish and communicate guidelines for the safety training of all
employees on a continuing basis.
Employees and Supervisors
a.
All current and new Department employees will be given safety training as
defined in the DEP Health and Safety Manual. The employee's supervisor
will ensure that each employee required to take specific safety training
related to that employee's job duties does so in a timely manner and that an
employee who has not received required safety training is not allowed to
perform any duties for which such training is required.
b.
When an employee or volunteer sustains a job-connected life-threatening
injury or illness during normal work hours, on job-related travel or while
working special events, call 911 immediately. For all other non-lifethreatening emergencies, the incident should be reported as soon as possible
to his/her supervisor or the supervisor on duty and request first aid or
medical treatment if needed. It is the supervisor’s responsibility to follow set
procedures for reporting an on-the-job injury or illness with the workers’
compensation carrier (Attachment II). The actual knowledge of any injury
should be reported by the SPM to the SPA.
c.
If a job-connected injury or illness results in the death of an employee, the
supervisor in charge shall notify the Workers’ Compensation Coordinator in
the Bureau of Personnel Services (BoPS) by telephone or e-mail immediately.
Florida law requires that the death be reported to the Department of
Financial Services, Division of Risk Management, Workers’ Compensation
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Section, within 24 hours by telephone at (850) 413-1601 or fax (850) 921-2572.
Death claims should also be reported to the Medical Case Management
Provider just like any other claim. Additionally, the BoPS will ensure the
Department SPA is notified of such an event.
10.
d.
The SPM will ensure that procedures are established for the supervisor to
conduct an incident investigation into the circumstances surrounding all
safety incidents and “close call” incident. A “close call” is a serious incident
where an injury did not occur but the potential was present for it to occur.
A representative of the Safety Committee will be prepared to discuss
findings and recommend corrective measures to the SAB at the quarterly
meetings.
e.
Each on-the-job injury or illness must be recorded by the
Division/District/Office SPM. The SPM or designee is responsible for the
incident report(s) and related backup documentation. All documentation will
be uploaded to the Division of Administrative Services’ safety drive and
maintained for three calendar years. The safety drive will be used to store
and communicate safety information with SAB members.
Department Diving Safety Officer
The SPA, serving as the Department DSO will:
a.
be the official representative of the Department in matters concerning
diving;
b.
have day-to-day authority over all Department diving activity;
c.
review and approve Department dive plans and safety checklists submitted
by Unit Diving Safety Officers (UDSOs) or Designated Diving Supervisors
(DDS);
d.
review and approve training records submitted by UDSOs or DDS;
e.
review and approve the certification and qualification documents of
Department divers seeking recertification;
f.
review and approve certification and qualification documents of nonDepartment divers seeking reciprocity or volunteers status within the
Department diving program;
g.
periodically review the safety records of UDSOs and divers;
h.
conduct diving safety training;
i.
certify and qualify Department divers;
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11.
j.
participate in Department diving operations deemed to be necessary;
k.
delegate diving safety oversight to be carried out by a qualified Department
diver, except for the responsibility for the safe conduct of the diving activity
of the Department; and
l.
suspend diving operations considered to be unsafe or unwise.
Department Diving Safety Advisory Board
a.
The DSAB will consist of the Department SPA acting as the Department DSO
and one or more diving safety advisors. Diving safety advisors will be
appointed by each Division/District/Office that uses diving in support of the
Department’s mission to represent that Division/District/Office. A majority of
DSAB members must be active divers with the Department.
b.
The DSAB shall:
(1)
implement the Department diving safety policies and guidelines in
accordance with OSHA standards in 29 CFR 1910, Subpart T.
(2)
develop a written DEP Underwater Operations Manual (formerly the
DEP Diving Safety Manual) to be approved by the Secretary that shall
include at a minimum:
(a)
a set of diving standards;
(b)
safety procedures for diving operations authorized by the
Department specific to the Programs;
(c)
procedures for emergencies, including emergency care (first
aid), evacuation, recompression and medical treatment;
(d)
responsibilities of the SPA related to Department diving as set
forth in DEP 710;
(e)
responsibilities of the DSO as set forth in DEP 710;
(f)
responsibilities of the UDSOs as set forth in DEP 710;
(g)
responsibilities of the dive team members;
(h)
equipment use and maintenance procedures;
(i)
record keeping procedures;
(j)
incident, injury and illness reporting procedures; and
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(k)
c.
training and qualifying requirements (including medical
examinations).
The DSAB will:
(1)
meet quarterly or at the call of the SPA to evaluate circumstances
related to reported diving incidents and to address safety concerns
presented by the Division/ District/Office UDSO;
(2)
meet semi-annually or at the call of the SPA to review and propose
changes to the DEP Underwater Operations Manual. This review will be to
allow for continuing evaluation of current diving industry standards and
shall include consideration of recommendations for amendments and
changes necessary to promote a safer work environment;
(3)
make written recommendations to Department management
regarding policy changes needed to promote a safer work
environment;
(4)
communicate in writing to the Division/District/Office regarding changes
approved by the Department to create a safer work environment;
(5)
establish criteria for equipment selection and use and recommend new
equipment or techniques;
(6)
recommend issue, reissue or revocation of diving privileges;
(7)
assure adherence to the policies and procedures set forth in the DEP
Underwater Operations Manual;
(8)
make recommendations to the SPA to suspend or prohibit diving
operations which are considered by the DSAB to be unsafe or unwise;
(9)
recommend disciplinary action for unsafe practices to operations
management;
(10)
evaluate circumstances related to reported incidents and address
safety concerns presented to the DSAB;
(11)
sit as a member of a board of investigation to inquire into the nature
and cause of diving incidents or violations of the DEP Underwater
Operations Manual; and
(12)
sit as a member of a board of appeal to consider diver-related and
diving-related problems.
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12.
13.
14.
Unit Diving Safety Officers
a.
Each Division/District /Office that has diving activities shall appoint a UDSO.
The UDSO must be a Department employee, an experienced diver and
qualified as a Department diver according to the DEP Underwater Operations
Manual. The UDSO may serve as a member of the DSAB.
b.
The DSO delegates the authority for the safe conduct of diving operations to
the UDSO; including conducting training, approving dive plans, maintaining
dive records, ensuring compliance with the DEP Underwater Operations
Manual and DEP 710. This does not apply to sworn Law Enforcement officers
responding to emergency situations.
c.
The UDSO:
(1)
may permit portions of the diving activity oversight to be carried out
by a qualified delegate, except for the responsibility for the safe
conduct of the diving activity; and
(2)
shall suspend diving operations that he or she considers to be unsafe
or unwise.
Designated Diving Supervisor
a.
A Department diver, approved by the UDSO or DSO, shall serve as the DDS
and will be in charge of all aspects of the diving operation related to, but
not necessarily limited to dive planning, coordination, record keeping, and
proper response to any diving emergency, as well as knowledge of the
applicable governmental regulatory agency requirements (Title 29 CFR, Part
1910, Subpart T, Paragraph 1910.410 (c) (1)).
b.
The DDS for each diving operation shall be specified in writing using a DEP
Dive Supervisor’s Log form and will be approved by the UDSO or DSO by
filing the DEP Dive Plan prior to the commencement of any diving
operation.
c.
The DDS shall suspend diving operations that he or she considers to be
unsafe or unwise.
Diving Equipment
a.
Department divers shall not use personal diving equipment while participating
in a DEP diving operation unless authorized in writing by the DSO or
designee.
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b.
Personal diving equipment authorized by the DSO for use by a Department
diver participating in a DEP diving operation must meet the inspection and
maintenance requirements of the DEP Diving Program.
c.
Department divers shall not use state owned equipment while participating in
non-work related diving operation or after work hours. All Department
property is owned by the State of Florida. Any employee who misuses State
property shall be subject to appropriate disciplinary action.
d.
Diving equipment used as a part of a DEP diving operation must be visually
inspected by the DDS or UDSO immediately prior to the scheduled
operation. Equipment that does not meet the inspection and maintenance
requirements of the DEP Diving Program, or that is not deemed suitable for
any reason by the DDS or UDSO, shall not be used for the scheduled diving
operation.
e.
In the event that a Department diver is not able to participate in a scheduled
diving operation because of unusable diving equipment and the diver is
needed in order to meet the minimum safety requirements for that diving
operation, the diving operation shall be suspended.
f.
The Department may supply the following diving equipment to
departmental divers as needed for use while performing their duties:
Diving Mask
Fins
Snorkel
Thermal protection (wet or dry suit)
Hood
Gloves
Booties
Weight belt with appropriate weights
Regulator with two second stages or Air 2
SCUBA cylinders
Cylinder valves
Submersible pressure gauge
Depth gauge
Underwater timing device (water resistant watch, bottom timer or dive
computer)
Underwater compass
Buoyancy control device
Dive knife or cutting tool
Safety sausage
Redundant air system (spare air)
Safety harness with releases
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Surface whistle
Dive bag
Other diving equipment may be supplied as needed for specialized diving
operations (e.g., protective gear for use in contaminated waters, underwater
lights, camera with water resistant housing, flotation bags, etc.).
This directive supersedes DEP 710 which was effective November 29, 2004. Revisions are
necessary to add/update language related to the duties and responsibilities of SAB and
DSAB members, Safety Committees, the Dive Safety Officer, Unit Diving Safety Officers,
Designated Diving Supervisor, Safety Program Managers, diving equipment and
reporting injuries.
Responsible Office: Division of Administrative Services
Office of Safety and Loss Control Management
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