Vice President:
Washington
John Adams from Massachusetts
Beginnings of Political Parties:
Disagreements began between Alexander Hamilton and
Thomas Jefferson over economic policies and the
interpretation of the Constitution. This in turn caused 2
sides to for supporting each man.
Whiskey Rebellion:
Tariff of 1789:
First PROTECTIVE Tariff imposed in 1789
Tax on Imported foods
Serves 2 purposes- raises money for the
government & encourages people to buy
American. This would increase the
growth of American Industry
Cabinet Positions (4):
Secretary of War- Henry Knox
Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
Attorney General: Edmund Randolph
Hamilton’s Financial Plan:
1.
2.
3.
Pay off war debt
Impose protective tariff to protect American
manufactured goods
Create a National Bank
Judiciary Act of 1789 :
Created the Federal Court System- Supreme Court would have
6 justices composed of 1 Chief Justice and 5 Associate Justices.
Washington appoints John Jay as the FIRST Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court
Bank of the U.S. :
In Feb. 1791, Congress enacted a charter for the Bank of
the US that would play an important role in making our
economy more stable
Jay & Pickney’s Treaty:
Proved the national government could enforce the
laws. As part of the Hamilton’s plan, a tax was
placed on whiskey hurting the farmers that grew
the grains and produced the whiskey. Farmers
resisted the tax by attacking tax collectors and
other government officials.
Neutrality Proclamation:
Served 2 Terms
Jay’s- The agreement that ended the dispute over American shipping
during the French Revolution
Pickney’s- 1795 Treaty with Spain that allowed Americans to use the
Mississippi River and to store good in NOLA without paying customs
duties.
Declared America would be “friendly & impartial” to both sides
during the French Revolution. This declared outraged the
French since the helped us during the American Revolution.
Electoral College:
A body of electors sent from each state who represent the
people’s vote in choosing the President.
Farwell Address:
Washington warns the country and future office holders against Political Partiesthat they would divide the nation- and against foreign alliances- to stay neutral
Vice President:
ADAMS
Thomas Jefferson of Virginia
Election of 1796:
Alien & Sedition Acts 1798:
Laws that were said to protect the United States, but the Federalist intended
them to crush the opposition to war. These laws targeted aliens (new
immigrants who were not citizens). Increased the wait period for becoming a US
citizen (From 5 years to 14). Gave President power to arrest “disloyal or
dangerous” aliens. Made saying or writing anything false about the government
illegal.
Challenged the Constitution Specifically the 1st Amendment
Political Parties have now formed and as a result more
than one candidate ran for President. Adams was
selected as President while the second runner up,
Jefferson become Vice President.
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions:
Democratic- Republican response to the Alien & Sedition
Acts: States’ right: States had rights that the federal
government could not violate.
Kentucky Resolutions: Jefferson proposed nullification, the
idea that a state could “ignore” a federal law within the
state. Virginia Resolutions: Madison said a state could
interpose or place itself between the federal government
and its citizens.
Judiciary Act 1801 :
Passed by Federalist legislators as a way of continuing
control over the judiciary branch. This act created 16
new federal judgeships that President Adams filled
before leaving office
Political Party:
Federalist- Wanted a strong federal government & supported
industry and trade. Democratic- Republicans wanted to limit the
federal governments power and supported agriculture. Adams,
becomes the first president elected to declare a membership within
a political party
Peace with France:
Served 1 Term
Adams did not want to declare war on France as he was
worried about the cost and bloodshed that may come from
it. Instead, he opened up peace talks that cleared the way
for US and French ships to sail in the ocean in peace.
XYZ Affair:
Adams goal is to improve our relationship with France by
discussing a treaty and send US diplomats to Paris. In order
to see the French minister, three French agents (X,Y, and Z)
demanded the US pay a bribe of $250,000. and a loan of $12
million. The American response: “ Millions for defense, not one
cent for tribute!”
Election of 1800:
Jefferson
Electoral tie between Jefferson & Burr both
receiving 73 votes- According to the Constitution,
the electoral tie was decided by the House of
Representatives. The House voted 35 times
without declaring a winner.
Jeffersonian Democracy:
12th Amendment
Changes how the President & Vice President are
elected by placing them on different ballots. The Vice
President is specifically elected to the office, rather
than being the presidential candidate with the second
most votes
Marbury V. Madison 1803:
Vice President:
William Marbury was one of Adam’s last minute
appointments to be authorized as a judge. Marbury did not
receive his authorization documents in time and therefore
James Madison, Secretary of State, refused to give them to
him. Marbury then sues Madison taking the case to the
Supreme Court. The court ruled that the law Marbury sued
under was unconstitutional. This establishes Judicial
Review which states that the Supreme Court has the final
say in interpreting the Constitution.
Aaron Burr (Second Runner Up)
Political Party:
Jefferson was a Democratic-Republican. This election
marked the first time that one party had replaced
another in power in the United States.
Louisiana Purchase:
Napoleon needed money for military supplies as France was
at war with Great Britain. He offered to sell the territory to
the United States for $15 million.. Jefferson decided to do
what was best for the country and purchases the territory
in 1803. Controlling the Mississippi River would allow for
American trade through the port of New Orleans
A new style and political ideas that
were different from that of Adams
and Washington. He was less formal
and wanted to limit the powers of
the government.
Lewis & Clark Expedition:
Served 2 Terms
Jefferson ask Meriwether Lewis & William Clark to explore
the Northern portion of the Louisiana Territory purchased
from France in 1803. They along with the Corp of
Discovery, were to map the new territory as well as make
friends with the Native Americans.
Embargo Act 1807:
Pike Expedition:
France & Britain are still at war in which they are taking American sailors and
pressing them into military service for them. The Embargo Act cuts off all trade
with foreign ports. No British ships can dock in America to help prevent further
bloodshed. “O Grab Me-” Called by Americans because the act “grabbed” their
profits & ability to make money. HURTS the American economy- Exactly
OPPOSITE to what Jefferson had planned. Repealed by Madison in 1809
In 1806, another Expedition was sent to explore the Southern
portion of the Louisiana Territory by Zebulon Pike. His mission was
to find the starting point of the Red River. Heading into the Rocky
Mountains, Pike tried to reach the summit of the Mountain, which
is now named after him. In 1807 Pike and 2 dozen of his men were
arrested in Spanish Territory and later released.
Wife:
Madison
Dolley Madison Gained popularity during
the War of 1812 when she stayed behind
until the last minute, saving treasures from
the White House before the British invaded
and burned the White House in 1814.
War of 1812:
War Hawks:
CImpressments of American sailors by British Navy.
British support to Native Americans in the West.
Interfering with American shipping while Britain is in war with France.
OIncreased NATIONALISM!! American manufacturing increases &
Native American resistance weakens
(Begins a peaceful, trusting alliance with Great Britain that we still
have today.)
Indian Unrest in the Northwest Territory:
Battle of New Orleans:
Native Americans continued to lose their land to settlers
and continued to fight back. The British saw this as an
opportunity to slow America’s westward expansion and
began to provide weapons to Native American groups of
the frontier
Andrew Jackson led militia troops, free African
Americans, Indians, and pirates, led by Jean Lafitte,
against the British. In the end, 2,000 British troops were
killed or wounded compared to only about 70
Americans. A stunning victory that strengthens National
Pride!! Andrew Jackson= American Hero!
Battle of Tippecanoe:
Tecumseh and his followers were defeated by William Henry Harrison
and his troops. This defeat destroyed Tecumseh’s dream of unifying the
Native Americans. Evidence of British support for Tecumseh further
angered Americans.
Tecumseh:
A Shawnee chief, who urged Native Americans to unite to fight off
settlers.
“Whites have taken upon themselves to say that this (land) belongs to
the Miamis, this to the Delawares and so on. But the great spirit
intended (Native American land) to be the common property of all
the tribes, (and it cannot) be sold without consent of all.” – Tecumseh
“The white people have no right to take the land from the Indians,
because the Indians had it first”- Tecumseh
Members of congress who called for war
against Britain. The War Hawks wanted to
put a stop to British influence among Native
Americans, enforce national security, and
gain more land for settlement.
Ft. McHenry:
Served 2 Terms
Fort guarding Baltimore, Maryland. Bombardment on
Ft. McHenry lasted 25 hours as Americans refused to
surrender and fought back.
Francis Scott Key captured his feelings in a poem that
was later put to music, “The Star-Spangled Banner”.
Treaty of Ghent:
Two weeks before the Battle of New Orleans, American and British
diplomats meeting at Ghent, in Belgium, signed a peace treaty ending
the War of 1812.
**News of the Treaty does not reach America before there is a Battle
in New Orleans between American and British troops.**
Vice President:
Daniel Tomkins
MONROE:
Adams- Onis Treaty 1819:
 Spain ceded (handed over) eastern Florida to the US.
 U.S. gives up claims to present-day Mexico
Monroe Doctrine:
**A document protecting American
interests, with a statement of American
policy warning European powers not to
interfere with the Americas
This compromise would maintain the balance of Congress
between slave & free states.
slavery to be banned from the Louisiana territory north
of the 36 30`
Maine – came in as a free state
 Missouri – came in as a slave state.
Thomas Gibbons, a steamboat owner who did business
between NY and NJ under federal coastal license, challenged
the monopoly license granted by NY to Arron Ogden. (1824)
Court said that the states could not interfere with the power of
Congress to regulate interstate commerce.
In 1812, Congress charted the Second Bank of the Unites
States. In 1818, the state of Maryland passed legislation to
impose taxes on the bank. James McCulloch, the cashier of the
Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to pay the tax. (1819)
Congress has implied powers and has the power to establish a
National Bank. Supreme Court ruled the Maryland tax on that
bank as unconstitutional.
.
Of the First 5 Presidents, THREE died on the nations’
Independence Day including Thomas Jefferson!
**Jefferson, Adams, and Monroe ALL died on July
4th**
Missouri Compromise 1820:
Gibbons V. Ogden:
McCulloch V. Maryland:
Date of Death:
Era of Good Feelings:
Served 2 Terms
From 1815-1825, The U.S.
enjoyed a time of peace, and progress.
Two cases that reinforced the power of the federal
government :McCulloch v Maryland & Gibbons v.
Ogden
American System: Democratic-Republicans wanted to build a strong
national economy to promote a sense of a unified country and reduce sectional
conflicts. Suggestions were to have a National Bank that would provide a single
currency to make interstate trade easier. Money from Protective Tariffs would be
used to improve and build roads and canals. Some agreed with the plan while
others resisted it as they felt it would only benefit the manufactures in the North
and not the west and south