U N ES P
C E NT R O DE
AQ UI C ULT U RA
WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY
MEETING 2009
VERACRUZ MEXICO
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BRAZIL TRADE ON
ORNAMENTAL
FISH
MSc. Felipe de Azevedo Silva Ribeiro
PhD João Batista K. Fernandes
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INTRODUCTION
Aquarium Fish is one of the major PET industries
Photos: Felipe Ribeiro, Marcelo Shei
INTRODUCTION
Major markets are Asia, EU and USA
USD 300.000
250.000
200.000
150.000
100.000
50.000
0
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
Figure 01. World export on ornamental fish. FAO/FISHSTAT
INTRODUCTION
Table 01. Top export countries in 2006 (USD)
Country
Value
Country
Value
1 Singapore
61.403
11 Philippines
7.287
2 Spain
26.517
12 Hong Kong
7.073
3 Czech Republic
21.700
13 Colombia
7.031
4 Malaysia
20.064
14 Netherlands
6.896
5 Japan
16.504
15 USA
5.860
6 Thailand
13.697
16 Germany
5.378
7 Israel
11.370
17 France
4.505
8 Indonesia
8.892
18 Brazil
4.136
9 Morocco
7.966
19 India
3.809
10 Sri Lanka
7.486
20 Peru
3.731
FAO/FISHSTAT
OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the situation on Brazilian ornamental
fish:
Exports
Imports
Intern trade
Photo: Felipe Ribeiro
MATERIAL AND METHODS
DATA FROM:
IBAMA (Brazilian Institute for Environmental
and Natural Renewable Resources)
SECEX (Foreign Trade Secretary)
Available in literature (books and papers)
RESULTS
x1.000 USD
6.000
5.000
4.000
3.000
2.000
More than 27 million fish
1.000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Figure 02. Brazil export on ornamental fish. SECEX/ALICEWEB
RESULTS
95% are Amazon fishes
Igarapes Igapos
CHAO et al. (2001)
Photos: Arilson Lima, Jaime Carvalho
RESULTS
Fisherman
Boat owner
Distributor
Exporter
Photos: Arilson Lima, Jaime Carvalho
RESULTS
Exporter also send fishes
to other states
Photos: Arilson Lima
RESULTS
Table 03. Top exported freshwater ornamental fish from
Brasil in 2007.
Species
Common name
Paracheirodon axeroldi
Cardinal tetra, neon
Otocinclus affinis
quantity
%
18.055.037
66,7
Golden otocinclus, limpa-vidro
1.595.828
5,9
Hemigrammus bleheri
Red-nose tetra, rodóstomos
1.213.262
4,5
Paracheirodon simulans
green neon, neon verde
846.560
3,1
Otocinclus vittatus
limpa-vidro
706.872
2,6
other
4.651.349
17,2
Total
27.068.908
100,0
IBAMA
RESULTS
Cardinal tetra P. axeroldi
Top exported ornamental fish from Brazil
Photo: Arilson Lima
RESULTS
Green neon tetra P. simulans
Similar to cardinal, but a smaller species
Photo: Martin Hofmann
RESULTS
Saltwater fishes are
collected mainly at Ceara,
Pernambuco, Bahia and
Espirito Santo
Gasparini et al (2005) Monteiro-Neto et al (2003)
Photo: Leo Dutra IBAMA
RESULTS
They could be export
directly or trough
Southeast states
Photo: Marcelo Shei
RESULTS
Table 04. Top exported saltwater ornamental fish from
Brazil in 2007.
Species
Common name
quantity
%
Holacanthus ciliaris
Queen or Blue Angelfish, ciliáris
18.617
20,5
Pomacanthus paru
French Angelfish, paru-frade
13.422
14,8
Holacanthus tricolor
Rock Beauty, Tricolor
6.409
7,1
Pomacanthus arcuatus
Gray Angelfish, frade-branco
6.292
6,9
Centropyge aurantonotus
Flameback Angelfish, centropigue
5.381
5,9
other
40.515
44,7
Total
90.636
100,0
IBAMA
RESULTS
Blue Angelfish H. ciliaris
Top exported marine ornamental fish from Brazil
Photos:Caroline Feitosa, Claudio Sampaio IBAMA
RESULTS
French Angelfish P. paru
Tricolor H. tricolor
Photos:Caroline Feitosa, Claudio Sampaio IBAMA
MAJOR ISSUES
Mortalities reaching 75%
Overfishing
Insufficient inspection, extension or
technical assistance
True values higher than official values
Lack of essential information about fisheries
stock
RESULTS
Table 02. Major importers of
brazilian ornamental fish in
2007 (USD)
Country
Value
%
1.140.407
22,6
2 USA
991.124
19,6
3 Germany
947.361
18,8
4 Taiwan
458.293
9,1
5 Hong Kong
338.172
6,7
6 UK
291.311
5,8
7 France
186.600
3,7
8 Singapore
87.208
1,7
9 Sweden
80.476
1,6
75.684
1,5
1 Japan
10 Netherlands
SECEX/ALICEWEB
RESULTS
Northeast states also
have a significant
production of freshwater
species trough
aquaculture
Photo: Felipe Ribeiro
Specially African cichlids
RESULTS
Sao Paulo and Rio de
Janeiro concentrate the
largest market
Fish collected or
aquacultured in other
regions go to large
wholesalers
RESULTS
Wholesalers sell fish to
aquarium stores or export
them
RESULTS
Practically all imports
arrives at
SP 75%
or
RJ 25%
RESULTS
USD
140.000
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Figure 03. Brazil import on ornamental fish. SECEX/ALICEWEB
RESULTS
There are no statistics on ornamental
aquaculture production
How many producers ?
Where they produce ?
What they produce?
RESULTS
Region of Muriaé
concentrated more than
300 ornamental
aquaculturist
Vidal Junior (2006)
RESULTS
Cold and mountain region has changed from
milk to ornamental fish production
RESULTS
Technology has been improved in last years
RESULTS
Top produced species are:
Betta
Goldfish
Koy
Livebearers
It is not feasible to
produce native
species
RESULTS
Urban aquaculture is common around and
inside big cities
MAJOR ISSUES
Lack of statistics
Lack of information about technology and
market
Aquaculturist doesn't have access to credit
Insufficient extension or technical
assistance
CONCLUSIONS
Brazil exports are clearly based on collected
fish by local communities most along the
Amazon River basin and shores of
Northeast and Southeast states
Brazil imports are concentrated at larger
markets, but values are very low compared
to exports
Aquaculture is based most on exotic species
to supply intern market
CONCLUSIONS
Brazil shows great potential to develop
ornamental fish industry and make it a
significant source of income for larger
number of people booth in rural and urban
areas
RECOMENDATIONS
Produce of real and reliable statistical data
about aquaculture of ornamental fish
Support of research about fisheries stock,
biology and culture of native species,
specially those restricted or threaded
Increase export of aquacultured fish
without threatening collectors local
communities
RECOMENDATIONS
Stimulate aquaculturist and collectors with
credit and extension service
Clarify and streamline bureaucracy to
license the aquaculturists (Ministry of
Fisheries and Aquaculture)
Foundation of Cooperatives / Association of
producers and wholesalers/exporters
RECOMENDATIONS
In summary to develop the ornamental fish
industry in Brazil it is necessary a serious
compromise an close interaction among
government agencies, wholesaler/exporter,
fisheries communities, aquaculturist and
University/Research Centers
Thank you very
much
Muchas gracias,
buenas tardes!!!
We’d like to thanks to UFERSA to
support my participation on this
meeting and the following people:
Arilson Lima, Caroline Feitosa,
Jaime Carvalho, Josivan Barbosa,
Luiza
Nakayama,
Martin
Hofmann,
Marcelo
Shei,
Raimundo Barreto
[email protected]
RESULTS
More details of collecting and trade of
Saltwater fishes can be obtained from:
Monteiro-Neto C., et al. 2003. Analysis of the
marine ornamental fish trade at Ceara State,
northeast Brazil. Biodiv. Conserv. 12: 1287–
1295.
Gasparini, J.L. Et al. 2005. Marine Ornamental
Trade in Brazil. Biodiv. Conserv. 14: 2883–
2899.
RESULTS
More details of collecting and trade of
Amazonian fishes can be obtained from
Chao, L.N.; Petry, P.; Prang, G.;
Sonneschein, L.; Tlusty, M. (Eds).
Conservation and Management of
Ornamental Fish Resources of the Rio Negro
Basin. Amazonia, Brazil: Project Piaba.
Editora Universidade do Amazonas, Manaus,
Amazonas, 2001.