Chapter 42: Ecosystems and Energy
Name:
Date:
Period:
1) In your own words, what are the key concepts in this chapter?
●
●
●
●
42.1
2) In your own words, what does the First Law of Thermodynamics
mean?
3) What is entropy and why is it increasing?
4) Define the​
Law of Conservation of Mass​
.
5) Define the following:
● Primary Producers
● Primary Consumers
● Secondary Consumers
● Tertiary Consumers
● Detrivores/Decomposers
● Detritus
42.2
6) What is primary production?
7) Define Gross Primary Production. How does this differ from Net
Primary Production?
42.3
8) Define ​
secondary production​
. How does it differ from primary?
9) How is most of the energy in an ecosystem lost?
10) Write the equation for production efficiency.
11) Define and explain the variables of the aforementioned equation
(​
production efficiency​
, net secondary production, and assimilation of
primary production).
12) Generally, what organisms have low production efficiencies and
what organisms have high ones? Why?
13) Define ​
trophic efficiency​
. Why must it always be less than
production efficiency?
14) What is the difference between a pyramid of net production and a
biomass pyramid? Describe both (use diagrams as needed).
15) Write the equation for ​
turnover time​
.
42.4
16) Each reservoir of chemical cycling is defined by what two
characteristics?
17) Diagram the chemical cycling model as shown on page 1195:
18) How can organisms access inorganic elements tied up in rocks?
19) How do organic materials become inorganic nutrients?
20) What are four important factors that ecologists consider as they
research biogeochemical cycles?
21) Define biological importance of the water, carbon, nitrogen, and
phosphorus cycles:
22) What two factors affect rates of decomposition and nutrient
cycling times?
23) What is typically the relationship between the amount of nutrients
contained within soil and its decomposition time?
24) What did the Hubble Brook research team find through their
nutrient cycling experiment?
42.5
25) What is one of the basic assumptions of restoration ecology?
26) What are the two key strategies in biological restoration? Define
them.
27) Why is the bacterium ​
Shewanella Oneidensis​
so promising?
28) What is the long term goal of restoration?