The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2008: T56236A3036276
Kassina senegalensis, Senegal Land Frog
Assessment by: IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group
View on www.iucnredlist.org
Citation: IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2013. Kassina senegalensis. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2013: e.T56236A3036276. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20132.RLTS.T56236A3036276.en
Copyright: © 2015 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written
permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.
Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written
permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use.
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN
Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife
International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.
If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with
feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
Taxonomy
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Hyperoliidae
Taxon Name: Kassina senegalensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1841)
Synonym(s):
• Cassina angeli De Witte, 1933
• Cassina argyreivittis (Peters, 1854)
• Cassina senegalensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1841)
• Cystignathus senegalensis Duméril & Bibron, 1841
• Hylambates senegalensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1841)
• Kassina argyreivittis (Peters, 1854)
• Kassina argyreivittis (Peters, 1854)
• Kassina benueana Monard, 1951
• Kassina deserticola Ahl, 1930
• Kassina modesta Ahl, 1930
• Kassina senegalensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1841)
Common Name(s):
• English:
Senegal Land Frog, Bubbling Kassina, Burbling Kassina, Common Bubbling Kassina,
Running Frog, Senegal Frog, Senegal Kassina, Senegal Kassin's Frog, Senegal Running
Frog
Taxonomic Source(s):
Frost, D.R. 2013. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.6 (9 January 2013).
Electronic Database. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Available at:
http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html.
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria:
Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Published:
2013
Date Assessed:
July 10, 2013
Justification:
Listed as Least Concern in view of its very wide distribution, tolerance of a broad range of habitats and
its presumed large population.
Previously Published Red List Assessments
2009 – Least Concern (LC)
2008 – Least Concern (LC)
2004 – Least Concern (LC)
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Kassina senegalensis – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T56236A3036276.en
1
Geographic Range
Range Description:
This species ranges very widely in the savannah zone of Africa from Senegal, east to western Ethiopia,
southern Somalia, and Kenya, thence south to Namibia, and South Africa. Records from Eritrea refer to
Kassina somalica. There do not appear to be records from Guinea-Bissau, Togo and Burundi, but it
presumably occurs in these countries. Its distributional limits in Kenya and northern Tanzania with
respect to Kassina somalica are still poorly understood, and the distribution map should be considered
provisional. It occurs up to 2,000 m asl in Ethiopia.
Country Occurrence:
Native: Angola (Angola); Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad;
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Côte d'Ivoire; Ethiopia; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; Kenya; Lesotho;
Malawi; Mali; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Somalia; South
Africa; South Sudan; Sudan; Swaziland; Tanzania, United Republic of; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Kassina senegalensis – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T56236A3036276.en
2
Distribution Map
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Kassina senegalensis – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T56236A3036276.en
3
Population
It is an extremely widespread and abundant species.
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)
It occupies a wide range of habitats, humid and dry savannas, shrubland, forest edge, degraded forest,
the lower levels of montane grassland, and a variety of anthropogenic habitats. It breeds in both
temporary and permanent water, favouring large, well-vegetated pools.
Systems: Terrestrial, Freshwater
Use and Trade (see Appendix for additional information)
It is occasionally found in the international pet trade.
Threats
Although certain populations might be affected by very severe habitat degradation, in general it is not
threatened. It is sometimes found in the international pet trade but at levels that do not currently
constitute a major threat.
Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)
It occurs in many protected areas.
Credits
Assessor(s):
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group
Reviewer(s):
Stuart, S.N.
Contributor(s):
Schiøtz, A., Largen, M.J., Rödel , M.-O. & Lötters, S.
Facilitators(s) and
Compiler(s):
Morris, E.J.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Kassina senegalensis – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T56236A3036276.en
4
Bibliography
Amiet, J.-L. 2007. Les Phlyctimantis et Kassina du Cameroun (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae). Revue
suisse de Zoologie 114: 87-126.
Bates, M.F. and Haacke, W.D. 2003. The frogs of Lesotho: diversity and distribution. Navorsinge van die
Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein 19: 101-158.
Broadley, D.G. 1971. The reptiles and amphibians of Zambia. Puku: 1-143.
Channing, A. 2001. Amphibians of Central and Southern Africa. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and
London.
Channing, A. and Griffin, M. 1993. An annotated checklist of the frogs of Namibia. Madoqua: 101-116.
Channing, A. and Howell, K.M. 2006. Amphibians of East Africa. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main.
Channing, A., Sinclair, A.R.E., Mduma, S.A.R., Moyer, D. and Kreulen, D.A. 2004. Serengeti amphibians:
Distribution and Monitoring baseline. African Journal of Herpetology: 163-181.
Fleischak, P.C. and Small, C.P. 1979. The vocalizations and breeding behaviour of Kassina (Anura;
Rhacophoridae) in summer breeding aggregations. Koedoe: 91-99.
Harper, E. and Vonesh, J.R. 2003. Field Guide to the Amphibians of the East Usambara Mountains.
Preliminary Draft. http://www.zoo.ufl.edu/voneshjr/Harper%20&%20Vonesh%20%20Amphibian%20Guide.pdf.
IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2013.2). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org.
(Accessed: 13 November 2013).
Lambiris, A.J.L. 1989. A review of the amphibians of Natal. Lammergeyer 39: 1-210.
Lambiris, A.J.L. 1989. The frogs of Zimbabwe. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, Monografia: 1-247.
Lanza, B. 1981. A Checklist of the Somali amphibians. Monitore Zoologico Italiano N.S. Supplemento:
151-186.
Lanza, B. 1990. Amphibians and reptiles of the Somali Democratic Republic: checklist and biogeography.
Biogeographica: 407-465.
Largen, M.J. 1975. The status of the genus Kassina (Amphibia Anura Hyperoliidae) in Ethiopia. Monitore
Zoologico Italiano N.S. Supplemento 6: 1-28.
Largen, M.J. 2001. Catalogue of the amphibians of Ethiopia, including a key for their identification.
Tropical Zoology 14: 307-402.
Lötters, S., Rotich, D., Koester, T.E., Kosuch, J., Muchai, V., Scheelke, K., Schick, S., Teege, P., Wasonga,
V.D. and Veith, M. 2004. What do we know about the amphibians from the Kenyan central and western
highlands? Salamandra.
Lötters, S., Wagner, P., Bwong, B.A., Schick, S., Malonza, P.K., Muchai, V., Wasonga, D.V. and Veith, M.
2007. A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Kakamega Forest. National Museums of Kanya
and University of Mainz, Nairobi and Mainz.
Minter, L.R., Burger, M., Harrison, J.A., Braack, H.H., Bishop, P.J. and Knoepfer, D. 2004. Atlas and Red
Data Book of the Frogs of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. SI/MAB Series No. 9, Washington, D.C.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Kassina senegalensis – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T56236A3036276.en
5
Nago, S.G.A., Grell, O., Sinsin, B. and Rödel, M.-O. 2006. The amphibian fauna of Pendjari National Park
and surroundings, northern Benin. Salamandra 42(2-3): 93-108.
Passmore, N.I. and Carruthers, V.C. 1995. South African Frogs, 2nd Edition. Southern Book Publishers
and Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg.
Perret, J.-L. 1966. Les Amphibiens du Cameroun. Zoologische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik: 289-464.
Pickersgill, M. 2007. Frog Search. Results of Expeditions to Southern and Eastern Africa. Edition Chimaira,
Frankfurt am Main.
Poynton, J.C. 1964. The amphibia of southern Africa: a faunal study. Annals of the Natal Museum 17: 1334.
Poynton, J.C. 2003. Altitudinal species turnover in southern Tanzania shown by anurans: some
zoogeographical considerations. Systematics and Biodiversity: 117-126.
Poynton, J.C. and Broadley, D.G. 1987. Amphibia Zambesiaca. 3. Rhacophoridae and Hyperoliidae.
Annals of the Natal Museum: 161-229.
Rödel, M.-O. 2000. Herpetofauna of the West Africa. Volume 1. Amphibians of the West African
Savannas. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main.
Rödel, M.-O. and Spieler, M. 2000. Trilingual keys to the Savannah-Anurans of the Comoe National Park,
Ivory Coast. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie): 1-21.
Rödel, M.-O., Grafe, T.U., Rudolf, V.H.W. and Ernst, R. 2002. A review of West African spotted Kassina,
including a description of Kassina schioetzi sp. nov. (Amphibia: Anura: Hyperoliidae). Copeia: 800-814.
Ruas, C. 1991. Contribuicao para o Conhecimento de Fauna Batraquios de Angola. Instituto de
Investigacao Cientifica Tropical, Centro de Zoologia, Lisbon.
Schiøtz, A. 1967. The treefrogs (Rhacophoridae) of West Africa. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensi 25: 1346.
Schiøtz, A. 1975. The Treefrogs of Eastern Africa. Steenstrupia, Copenhagen.
Schiøtz, A. 1999. Treefrogs of Africa. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main.
Wager, V.A. 1986. Frogs of South Africa, 2nd edition. Delta Books, Craighall.
Wickler, W. and Seibt, U. 1974. Rufen und antworten bei Kassina senegalensis, Bufo regularis und
andered Anuren. Z. Tierpsychol.: 524-537.
Citation
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2013. Kassina senegalensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species 2013: e.T56236A3036276. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T56236A3036276.en
Disclaimer
To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.
External Resources
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Kassina senegalensis – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T56236A3036276.en
6
Appendix
Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Habitat
Season
Suitability
Major
Importance?
1. Forest -> 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
-
Marginal
-
2. Savanna -> 2.1. Savanna - Dry
-
Suitable
Yes
2. Savanna -> 2.2. Savanna - Moist
-
Suitable
Yes
3. Shrubland -> 3.5. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
-
Suitable
Yes
3. Shrubland -> 3.6. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist
-
Suitable
Yes
4. Grassland -> 4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude
-
Marginal
-
5. Wetlands (inland) -> 5.4. Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps,
Fens, Peatlands
-
Suitable
Yes
5. Wetlands (inland) -> 5.7. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater
Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
-
Suitable
Yes
5. Wetlands (inland) -> 5.8. Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent
Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
-
Suitable
Yes
14. Artificial/Terrestrial -> 14.2. Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland
-
Suitable
-
14. Artificial/Terrestrial -> 14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens
-
Suitable
-
14. Artificial/Terrestrial -> 14.6. Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical
Heavily Degraded Former Forest
-
Suitable
-
15. Artificial/Aquatic & Marine -> 15.2. Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below
8ha)
-
Suitable
-
15. Artificial/Aquatic & Marine -> 15.9. Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and
Drainage Channels, Ditches
-
Suitable
-
Use and Trade
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
End Use
Local
National
International
Pets/display animals, horticulture
No
No
Yes
Conservation Actions in Place
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Kassina senegalensis – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T56236A3036276.en
7
Conservation Actions in Place
In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
Conservation sites identified: Yes, over entire range
Occur in at least one PA: Yes
Research Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.1. Taxonomy
1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends
1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology
3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends
Additional Data Fields
Distribution
Upper elevation limit (m): 2000
Population
Population severely fragmented: Unknown
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Kassina senegalensis – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T56236A3036276.en
8
The IUCN Red List Partnership
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN
Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation
International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas
A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™