mar ch 2, 20 09 Vol. 111, No. 13 ISSN 0022-6688
TEACHER’S EDITION
Issue Sept Sept Sept Oct 13 Nov
Dates 1
15 29 & 20 3
A supplement to Junior Scholastic
Nov Dec Jan Jan Feb Feb Mar Mar Mar
14
8
5
19
2
16
2
16 30
Apr
13
Apr May
27 11
Techno Trends
in this issue
n News, Debate.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3, 5
6
n World: Tiananmen Square. . . . . . . . . .
n Special Pullout Section:
Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• Hot New Inventions
• Attention, Video Gamers!
• Inside Air Force One
• What’s Next? (skills)
n American History: Eleanor
Roosevelt.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
n GeoSkills.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
n What Do You Know?:.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
19
22
24
Dear Teacher,
We need
For many people, technology is an endless
your help!
source of fascination. Such futuristic devices
Please fill out our Online
as the plasma TV, iPhone, and BlackBerry
Teacher’s Survey.
captivate our imagination with their seemingly
At Junior Scholastic, we value
the expertise of our teacher
limitless possibilities. Some may debate whether
subscribers. We’d like to
these gadgets have made our lives easier—or
incorporate your ideas as we
further complicated them. In our special pullout
prepare next year’s calendar.
section (see page 11), we offer readers a taste
Please take a few minutes to
complete an online survey at
of the technological revolution that is going on
www.scholastic.com
all around them. From new inventions and a
/juniorspring09survey.
behind-the-scenes look at video games to a tour
Thank you!
of Air Force One, we show them technology’s
promises—and limitations.
On page 19, we profile Eleanor Roosevelt, an extraordinary First Lady who
refused to accept the restrictions placed on women of her generation. The
wife of one of the most beloved Presidents in American history, she also was
a leader in her own right, paving the way for generations of women to come.
We think our feature is a fitting way to mark Women’s History Month.
Finally, for those who missed the Find Mapman® contest in our previous
issue, see p. T-7 for details. All entries must be postmarked by April 3.
TEACHER’S EDITION
n Cover Story: Techno Trends.. . . . . . .
T-2
T-3
n Answer Key.......................... T-4
n Quiz Wiz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-5
n Skills Reproducible.. ................. T-6
n Find Mapman® Contest.. ............ T-7
n Teacher to Teacher.. ................. T-8
Suzanne McCabe, Editor
[email protected]
n Other Features......................
in our next issue
march 16, 2009
Special: Drugs and You: Stimulant
Addiction
World History Play: Ernest
Shackleton’s Epic Expedition
This Issue Online
www.scholastic.com/juniorscholastic
Michelle Obama’s presence in the White House has sparked the
interest of many people. Would your students like to learn more
about America’s First Ladies? Our online skills reproducible will
introduce them to some of the most famous First Ladies in history, including
Abigail Adams, Dolley Madison, and Jacqueline Kennedy. It’s a perfect way
to celebrate Women’s History Month. To access the reproducible, go to
www.scholastic.com/juniorscholastic, and click on this issue’s cover.
Teacher’s Edition Writer: Kathy Wilmore • Teacher’s Edition editor: Bryan Brown • contributing writer: Lisa Arce • Teacher’s Edition Production
Editor: Kathleen Fallon Editorial address: Junior Scholastic, 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012-3999 or [email protected] • Customerservice ­inquiries: 1-800-SCHOLASTIC (1-800-724-6527) or www.scholastic.com/custsupport
08 WINNE
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D I S TI N
»Junior Scholastic
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special section: Technology
➤ NCSS standard
Science, technology, & society
(pp. 11-18)
Your students are already the most technologically
savvy—and dependent—generation in history. Our
special section explores why technology is important,
how it affects your students’ lives, and some possibilities
it holds for the future.
language arts
1. See graphs, p. VIII: By about how many percent-
n Technology Basics
age points is the number of girls who use cell
phones every day greater than boys? (nearly 20)
2. The number of U.S. households that had only
landlines changed by about how many percentage
points from June 2003 to June 2008? (about 20)
The younger the age group, the greater the use of and
comfort level with technology. Here are some stats
about 18- to 24-year-olds from MetaFacts, Inc. Figures
for your students’ age are likely even higher.
• uses a social-networking or online community group,
such as Facebook, LinkedIn, or Ryze: 70%
• listens to music via MP3s or portable CDs: 70%
• downloads music or MP3s: 61%
• watches movies on DVD: 53%
• shares digital images on own blog or Web site: 32%
• writes own blog or online journal: 25%.
Check out the graph at metafacts.wordpress.com
1. What is a “call sign”?
math
science
1. What kinds of defenses does Air Force One have?
Why do you think most are secret? What part
does technology play in security concerns?
2. Why is the i-LIMB considered bionic? (The artificial hand has parts that allow it to duplicate the
actions of a natural hand.)
3. Why is energy efficiency increasingly important?
If you had access to a Biomechanical Energy
Harvester, what would you use it for and why?
/2008/11/20/age-matters-when-using-a-pc-and-the-Inter
net.
n Word’s Worth
• complement (v): to complete or perfect something.
It comes from the Latin complere, “to fill up” (p. IV). It
is often (but should not be) confused with compliment,
“to express esteem, respect, admiration, or affection.”
Although it can be traced back to the same Latin origin
(complere), compliment comes to English by way of the
Spanish word cumplir, “to be courteous.” How might
being courteous relate to the idea of “filling up”?
n Content-Area Questions
culture/social studies
1. What item that we depend on today do more
than 35 percent of teens think will be obsolete in
five years? (the gas-powered car)
2. What personal qualities does producer Jonathan
Warner think are necessary to make video games?
(a love of games; ability to work with people;
detailed knowledge of “the specifics of the job”)
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geography
1. Why is it important for the President to be able
670-REN-S09G3
to travel quickly and safely to all parts of the
country and the world?
T-2 March 2, 2009 • Teacher’s Edition • JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC
*Price is for orders of 10 or more.
Price valid through 3/31/09.
News:
tk:Sleeping
tk (pp. tk) Beauties (p. 3)
Mummies in Europe? They pop
up here and there—in Ireland,
Denmark, and Britain, among a
few other places. But by far the
most famous and most plentiful are
the mummies of Sicily.
n Backstory
Rich in history, Sicily is located in
the middle of the Mediterranean
Sea. It has been occupied by numerous peoples in the last 10,000 years.
Just since the 3rd century b.c., the
island has changed hands between
the Romans, Byzantines, Arabs,
Normans, Spanish, and the Bourbons of France. In 1861, Sicily
became part of Italy, from which it
gained regional autonomy in 1947.
Sicily’s separation from the
mainland helps explain the stubborn longevity of the island’s most
famous product, the Mafia. Probably established sometime during
the Middle Ages, the criminal
underground has survived countless attempts to eradicate it.
The largest collection of mummies
on the island resides beneath the
Capuchin monastery in Palermo. Historians tell us that the monks outgrew
their graveyard, and when Brother
Silvestro of Gubbio died in 1599,
they began building the now-famous
system of catacombs in which to lay
him and his brothers to rest. In time,
joining them became a status symbol
among the townspeople.
American
History:
tk:
tk
(pp. tk)
Eleanor Roosevelt
(pp. 19-21)
With Michelle Obama in the
White House, kids may become
aware of a different kind of active,
independent First Lady. But this
model was set long ago by one of
the 20th century’s most remarkable
Americans, Eleanor Roosevelt.
n Backstory
Eleanor Roosevelt is often said to
have been her husband’s “eyes
and ears.” Limited by his polio,
New York Governor Franklin D.
Roosevelt would send his wife to
inspect state institutions. As First
Lady, she ranged even further,
driven by her concern for the poor
and the oppressed.
One of her most famous acts
occurred in 1939. When AfricanAmerican soprano Marian Anderson
was denied the use of a Washington
concert hall owned by the all-white
Daughters of the American Revolution, Eleanor arranged for Anderson
to sing at the Lincoln Memorial.
This extraordinary gesture helped
set the stage for the civil rights era
that began in the 1950s—and, by
extension, for the presidency of
Barack Obama 70 years later.
n Rapid Review
• What important document did
Eleanor Roosevelt help get the
UN to adopt? (the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights)
• Did Eleanor Roosevelt
➤ NCSS standard
People, places, & environments
n Review and Reflect
• What natural properties
allowed the first mummies to
be preserved? (The cool, dry
limestone of Sicily was a natural
mummifier.)
• Why do you think people would
want the bodies of their loved
ones to be preserved after death?
Would you want the same thing
for you and your family? Why or
why not?
WEB LINKS
• The real thing, not for the faint of
heart: members.tripod.com
/~Motomom/index-3.html.
➤ NCSS standard
Civic ideals & practices
immediately charge into her role
as a crusading First Lady? Explain.
(No. Roosevelt was unsure of
herself on “new and untried
ground,” and felt her way along.)
n Bookshelf
• Roosevelt, Eleanor, The
Autobiography of Eleanor
Roosevelt (Da Capo, 1992).
WEB LINKS
• Selections from Roosevelt’s
newspaper column, “My Day”:
pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eleanor
/sfeature/myday.html.
For the complete database:
gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday.
JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC • Teacher’s Edition • March 2, 2009 T-3
NAME: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
®
skills reproducible
five more who led the way
On pages 19-21, Junior Scholastic honors Eleanor
Roosevelt, a woman who helped change the world.
In the course of American history, many women
smashed barriers of prejudice and indifference, to
Dorothea Dix
(1802-1887) visited jails in Massachusetts to read to female convicts. In one
jail, she saw women confined to tiny,
dark, filthy cells without enough food or clothing.
The women were not criminals; they were mentally ill. Dix spent the rest of her life working to
improve the care of mentally ill persons.
Amelia Earhart
(1897-1937) was an air-safety
pioneer. In 1932, she became the
first woman to fly alone across
the Atlantic Ocean. In 1937, she tried to fly
around the world along the equator, but her
plane vanished over the Pacific.
bring about social change and improve people’s lives.
Here’s an introduction to five more. After answering
the questions below, research other women who have
made important contributions to U.S. life.
Mary Edwards
Walker
(1832-1919) was the
first female surgeon in
the U.S. Army. For her Civil War
battlefield heroism, she became
the first woman to receive the
­Congressional Medal of Honor.
Belva Ann
­Lockwood
(1830-1917) fought
to win the vote for women. In
1872, she became the first
female ­lawyer to argue a case
before the U.S. Supreme Court.
In 1884, she became the first
woman to run for U.S. President.
Mary McLeod Bethune
(1875-1955) believed that black women
faced double discrimination—as blacks and
as women. She founded a school for AfricanAmerican girls in 1904, and served in various governmental posts under four U.S. Presidents, improving
education for black Americans.
questions
Answer questions 1-5 by naming the person.
1. A lawyer, ________________________________________________________________________
became the first woman to run for U.S. President,
in 1884.
2. Airplanes safely circle the globe every day thanks
in part to the air-safety pioneering of
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
3. People’s attitudes toward mental illness
changed as a result of a lifelong crusade by
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
4. Thousands of women are now officers in the U.S.
Armed Forces, but it was a lonely place for
______________________________________________, a surgeon, who became
the first commissioned female officer in the Army.
5. African-American women are leaders in science,
engineering, business, medicine, government,
and academics in part because of the educational
efforts of _______________________________________________________________________.
Answer questions 6-10 by writing the letter of the
­correct answer on the line before each sentence.
____ 6.Former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day
O’Connor followed the breakthrough of (A) Nellie
Bly; (B) Dorothea Dix; (C) Belva Ann Lockwood.
____ 7.Mary McLeod Bethune said that black women
faced double discrimination, and founded a (A)
school for girls; (B) black university; (C) church.
____ 8.For bravery in battle, the first female officer in the
U.S. Army was awarded the (A) rank of general; (B)
Congressional Medal of Honor; (C) Purple Heart.
____ 9.A social reformer found her life’s work after visiting women in crowded, filthy jails and learning
that they were (A) hardened criminals; (B) political prisoners; (C) mentally ill.
____10.In 1937, a pioneering pilot on a round-the-world
flight vanished over the (A) Sahara Desert; (B)
Pacific Ocean; (C) Atlantic Ocean.
T-6 march 2, 2009 • Teacher’s Edition • JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC
Uses: copy machine, opaque projector, or transparency master for overhead projector. Scholastic Inc. grants teacher-subscribers to Junior Scholastic permission to reproduce this Skills Reproducible for use in their classrooms. Copyright © 2009 by Scholastic Inc. All rights reserved.
women’s history month:
National capital
City
International border
Disputed border
Roman ruins
0
400 MI
0
10° W
PORTUGAL
SPAIN
Me
Gibraltar
(U.K.)
Fez
Volubulis
Marrakech
Nouakchott
20° W
A
s JS’s Mapman®, I create
the maps you see in all of
our issues. In the photo
above, I’m sitting at the
ruins of an ancient Roman city in
northwest Africa. It was the final
destination of a trip I took recently.
If you answer the following
questions correctly, find my final
destination, and draw a colorful
map of the country, you could
win our Find Mapman contest!
The grand-prize winner will
receive a $500 U.S. Savings
Bond, a Nintendo Wii video-game
console, and a Mapman T-shirt.
Twenty-five runners-up will each
win a T-shirt. The winner and
runners-up will be announced in
our May 11 issue.
1.When I sailed eastward from
Gibraltar to Malta, I crossed
which large body of water?
2.From Malta, I flew to a city
located at 37°N, 10°E. What is
the city?
SA H A R A
nw
10° W
3.I then drove about 450
kilometers to Djémila, the site
of Roman ruins. Djémila is
located in which country?
4.From there, I flew to the dusty
city of Timbuktu. Timbuktu is
located on the southern edge
of what desert?
5.Next, I drove from Timbuktu
to Nouakchott (nwahk-SHOT).
In which general direction did
I travel?
6.Then, I flew to the city of
Laayoune (lah-YOON), which
is part of what territory?
7.From Laayoune, I drove
northeast about 440 miles
to a city famous for its souks
(markets). What city was it?
8.When I arrived at my final
destination, the ruins of an
ancient Roman city located at
34°N, 6°W, it was 118° F in the
shade. To which country do
these ruins belong?
­—Jim McMahon
PHOTO BY HELEN MCMAHON; MAP BY JIM MCMAHON/MAPMAN®, SCHOLASTIC INC.; wii console: Nintendo/MCT/newscom
(ITALY)
n
S
MALTA
ea
30° N
ALGERIA
MAURITANIA
SICILY
a
Tripoli
Leptis Magna
(SPAIN)
20° N
20° E
40° N
diterrane
MOROCCO
CANARY IS.
(Morocco controls
Western Sahara,
but the UN considers it
a disputed territory.)
Adriatic
Sea
(ITALY)
Algiers
DouggaTunis
Djémila
TUNISIA
Strait of
Gibraltar
Laayoune
WESTERN
SAHARA
ITALY
SARDINIA
(SPAIN)
Rabat
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
10° E
CORSICA
(FRANCE)
BALEARIC IS.
500 KM
30° N
0°
MALI
Timbuktu
n
LIBYA
D E S E RT
ne
w
sw
AN T
BY R
LI ESE
D
Uses: copy machine, opaque projector, or transparency master for overhead projector. Scholastic Inc. grants teacher-subscribers to Junior Scholastic permission to reproduce this contest page for use in their classrooms. Copyright © 2009 by Scholastic Inc. All rights reserved.
NORTHWEST
AFRICA
e
s
20° N
se
0°
NIGER
CHAD
10° E
20° E
Win a
Wii console!
Your Answers:
1._______________________
5._______________________
2._______________________
6.__________________________
3._______________________
7._______________________
4._______________________
8._______________________
Mail your answers and hand-drawn map of
the mystery country to: Mapman ContesT,
Junior Scholastic, Dept. C, 557 Broadway,
New York, NY 10012-3999. Your entry must
be postmarked by April 3, 2009.
NAME:__________________________________________________________
SCHOOL name:____________________________________________
school address:______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
CITY:____________________________________________________________
STATE:_________________________________ ZIP:___________________
No purchase necessary. Void where prohibited.
For complete rules, go to www.scholastic.com/juniorscholastic.
JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC • Teacher’s Edition • march 2, 2009 T-7
tEACHER TO TEACHER
®
Exploring Personal Voices
Eleanor Roosevelt’s “My Day” and Students’ “My Blog”
“The wives, of course, have certain
official obligations, but they are
certainly not responsible for their
husbands’ policies. And they do not
have to feel that sense of obligation
at every point to uphold the ideas of
the man of the family.”
—Eleanor Roosevelt, “My Day,”
October 21, 1960
Background
Eleanor Roosevelt was the first First
Lady to use her own voice in a
regular newspaper column. In “My
Day,” which ran six days a week,
Roosevelt wrote candidly on many
political and social issues, such as
the hydrogen bomb, Prohibition,
the Cold War, Jews in Europe,
racial segregation, and almost
every concern facing women. (She
also wrote a glowing review of
the first issue of Junior Scholastic,
which appeared in September
1937.)“My Day” is an excellent
primary source to consult when
considering the range of issues that
Eleanor Roosevelt, separate from
her husband, President Franklin D.
Roosevelt, considered important.
Objectives
• Students will write a quarter-page,
fully detailed editorial-style blog,
fashioned after Eleanor Roosevelt’s
column “My Day.”
•S
tudents will use the Internet to
research various “My Day” articles to provide factual examples
of Roosevelt’s use of her voice.
• Students will read and take
bullet-style notes using the JS
article “Eleanor Roosevelt” for
background and secondary information in their own article.
Materials Needed
• J S article “Eleanor Roosevelt”
• Internet access for research (for
­recommended sites, see Web
Links, p. T-3)
• A teacher e-board or other free
blogging site, such as my-ecoach
.com/online/webresourcelist.
php?rlid=4992#2
• Highlighters (optional)
• LCD projector or interactive
white board (optional)
• Teachers can use e-board iNotes
to set up a “moderated” blog,
which means that student
answers do not appear until the
teacher approves the message.
Class Opener
Ask students to read the first two
paragraphs of “Eleanor Roosevelt.”
Then ask them to contrast the
traditional role of First Lady with
the one that Roosevelt created.
Students can do this in paragraph
T-8 March 2, 2009 • Teacher’s Edition • JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC
Lisa Arce
photo courtesy of lisa arce
T
here are many ways teachers can use this issue’s American history
feature (pp. 19-21) in the classroom. This suggested lesson plan
comes from Lisa Arce, who teaches seventh- and eighth-grade
students at Selden Middle School in Centereach, New York, and is a
contributing editor to Junior Scholastic.
form or with a Venn diagram.
• Activity 1: As a class, read the
­sections “Eleanor Everywhere”
and “New Horizons.” Students
should highlight what they
think best describes Roosevelt’s
accomplishments.
• Activity 2: Provide examples of
“My Day” columns, using the
Internet links. Teachers with
an LCD projector or interactive
white board may wish to project
examples in multimedia format for
additional visual learning. Have
students read excerpts of various
selections with either the entire
class or in small groups. Allow
up to 15 minutes for reading and
highlighting some of Roosevelt’s
notable views.
• Activity 3: Optional classwork
in a computer lab, or homework
assignment: Students should use
their notes from both activities to
write their paragraph, “My Blog,”
answering the task question at
the head of this section. Students
should go to the assigned blog
space that the teacher has set up,
and enter their paragraph with their
full first name and last-name initial.