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Section 3 –
Macromolecules and Enzymes
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon-based molecules
are the foundation of all
living organisms
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Objectives:
Identify / describe unique qualities of carbon
Explain the difference between single, double,
and triple bonds
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
What comes to mind when you hear the word
“organic”?
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Organic compounds contain carbon and
hydrogen, often along with other elements
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon and
hydrogen together
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Organic (O) or Inorganic (I)
____
CH4
____
NaCl
____
C6H12O6
____
H 2O
____
CO2
____
C10H16N5O13P3
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
When atoms share electrons, they form covalent
bonds
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Elements differ in the number of bonds they can
form
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Draw an atom of carbon.
How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Number of covalent bonds each atom can form:
Hydrogen (H) = 1
Oxygen (O) = 2
Sulfur (S) = 2*
Nitrogen (N) = 3
Phosphorus (P) = 3
Carbon (C) = 4
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Covalent bonds may be single, double, or triple
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
In single bonds, one pair of electrons is shared
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
In double bonds, two pairs of electrons are shared
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
In triple bonds, three pairs of electrons are shared
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
One carbon atom always forms 4 covalent bonds
with other elements or other carbon atoms
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Draw two carbon atoms joined by a single
covalent bond. Add hydrogen atoms needed to
complete the molecule
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Draw two carbon atoms joined by a double
covalent bond. Add hydrogen atoms needed to
complete the molecule
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Draw two carbon atoms joined by a triple
covalent bond. Add hydrogen atoms needed to
complete the molecule
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Carbon-carbon bonds can form long chains or
rings
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Propane (C3H8)
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Propane (C3H8) to diesel (C16H34)
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Propane (C3H8) to diesel (C16H34) and beyond…
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Cyclohexane
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Cyclohexane
Taxol
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Chains can be almost unlimited in length
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Millions of different combinations; no other
element comes close to carbon’s versatility
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Carbon molecules can be written in shorthand.
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Carbon molecules can be written in shorthand.
Write the shorthand form of each molecule
beneath its structure.
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Carbon’s unique structure allows the formation of
macromolecules
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Carbon’s unique structure allows the formation of
macromolecules
“macro” means large
“molecules” means molecules
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Large complex polymers made of smaller
monomers
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Large complex polymers made of smaller
monomers
“poly” means many
“mono” means one
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Carbon
Include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Video –
That’s Why Carbon is a Tramp
(12:32)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=QnQe0xW_JY4&index=1&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF
Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Homework – Due Tomorrow
Study Flashcards on Quizlet!
Exit Ticket
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Part 1: The Uniqueness of Carbon
Activity – Introduction to Carbon Compounds
Carbon is a versatile element, allowing it to form
countless shapes and structures.
Work in pairs to complete the Introduction to
Carbon Compounds packet!