Biology Slide 1 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Slide 2 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Food and Energy (Food and Energy You need to eat food to obtain energy. The energy in food is measured in Calories (capital C). One Calorie is equal to 1000 calories. One calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.) Slide 3 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Food and Energy Caloric needs vary for each person. *Food labels based on 2000 Calories per day *An average-sized female teenager needs about 2200 Calories a day. *An average-sized male teenager needs about 2800 Calories a day. If you exercise regularly, your energy needs may be higher. Slide 4 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Slide 5 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients 1. Nutrients substances in food that supply the energy and raw materials your body uses for growth, repair, and maintenance. Slide 6 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients What are the nutrients your body needs? Slide 7 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients 2. The nutrients that the body needs are: • water • carbohydrates • fats • proteins • vitamins • minerals Slide 8 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients Water Why is water such an important nutrient? Slide 9 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients 3. Every cell needs water because many of the body's processes take place in water. Slide 10 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients A. makes up blood, lymph, bodily fluids. B. lost during sweating, (when it evaporates to cool the body.) C. lost from the body with every breath you exhale and in urine. d. drink at least 1 liter of water each day. Slide 11 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients 4. Carbohydrates main source of energy for the body. A. 2 types of carbohydrates: 1. simple: *found in fruits, honey, sugar *do not need to be broken down http://www.sugarstacks.com/beverages. htm Slide 12 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients 2. complex: *starches-found in grains, potatoes, Veggies *Need to be broken down, before they can be used *contain cellulose, or fiber. Slide 13 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients B. Fiber is needed in diet. 1. helps muscles keep food and wastes moving through digest. and excretory systems. 2. Whole-grain breads, many fruits, vegetables Slide 14 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients 5. Fats (Fats, or lipids, are an important part of a healthy diet. Fats are formed from fatty acids and glycerol.) Slide 15 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients a. Fats are needed: 1. produce cell membranes, myelin sheaths around neurons, and certain hormones. 2. help body absorb fat-soluble vitamins. 3. protect body organs and insulate the body. Slide 16 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients b. classified as saturated or unsaturated. 1.Most saturated fats * solids at room temperature * butter and other animal fats. (When there are only single bonds between carbon atoms in the fatty acids, the fat is saturated) Slide 17 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients 2. Unsaturated fats usually liquids at room temperature. (Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond in a fatty acid chain Because many vegetable oils contain more than one double bond, they are called polyunsaturated. ) Slide 18 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients 6. Proteins a. supply materials for growth and repair of structures such as skin and muscle. b. regulatory and transport functions. Slide 19 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients c. polymers of amino acids. d. body can synthesize only 12 of the 20 amino acids used to make proteins. Slide 20 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients e. Essential Amino Acids: 1. other 8 amino acids 2. they must come from food. 3. Animal products- meat, fish, eggs, milk 4. plants products do not. (Therefore, people who don’t eat animal products must eat a combination of plant foods to obtain all of the essential amino acids.) Slide 21 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients 7. Vitamins a. organic molecules help regulate body processe, (often working with enzymes.) b. Most vitamins obtained from food. c. diet lacking certain vitamins can have serious, even fatal, consequences. Slide 22 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients D. 2 types: 1. fat-soluble *A, D, E, K can be stored in fatty tissues of the body. Slide 23 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients Fat-Soluble Vitamins Slide 24 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients 2.water-soluble *dissolve in water * cannot be stored in the body. (Eating a diet containing a variety of foods will supply the daily vitamin needs of nearly everyone.) Slide 25 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients Water-Soluble Vitamins Slide 26 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients Water-Soluble Vitamins Slide 27 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients 8. Minerals a. Inorganic nutrients that the body needs, in small amounts. (By eating a variety of foods, you can meet your daily requirement of minerals.) Slide 28 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients Slide 29 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrients Slide 30 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrition and a Balanced Diet (Nutrition and a Balanced Diet The new food pyramid classifies foods into six categories: • grains • vegetables • fruits • milk • meat and beans • fats, sugars, and salts Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 31 of 41 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrition and a Balanced Diet Slide 32 of 35 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrition and a Balanced Diet The figure climbing up the side of the pyramid represents exercise. You should get at least 30 minutes of exercise each day. Slide 33 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrition and a Balanced Diet A food label provides information about nutrition. Daily values are based on a 2000-Calorie diet, and nutrient needs are affected by age, gender, and lifestyle. Slide 34 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Food and Nutrition Nutrition and a Balanced Diet When choosing foods, you should compare similar foods on the basis of their proportion of nutrients to Calories. When you choose a food, it should be high in nutrition and low in Calories.) Slide 35 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Click to Launch: Continue to: - or - Slide 36 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Which nutrient is found in fruits, sugars, and whole-grain breads? a. protein b. fat c. carbohydrates d. vitamins Slide 37 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Organic molecules that help regulate body processes and often work with enzymes are a. fats. b. minerals. c. vitamins. d. amino acids. Slide 38 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 Which two vitamins can be made by the body? a. vitamins A and B b. vitamins C and D c. vitamins A and K d. vitamins D and K Slide 39 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 The most important nutrient is a. fat. b. water. c. vitamins. d. protein. Slide 40 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 38–1 The foods that should make up the largest part of your diet are a. fats and sweets. b. meat, poultry, and fish. c. milk, yogurt, and cheese. d. breads, cereals, rice, and pasta. Slide 41 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall END OF SECTION
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