Native Americans thru 1900
Date
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Map for HW 1
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Map for HW 2
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Buffalo Hide Painting
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Plains Indians
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Plains Indians
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Plains Indians
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
– smallpox, tuberculosis & malaria killed many & reduced fertility
among survivors
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Plains Indians
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
– smallpox, tuberculosis & malaria killed many & reduced fertility
among survivors
– women outnumbered men 2:1 in some tribes
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Plains Indians
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
– smallpox, tuberculosis & malaria killed many & reduced fertility
among survivors
– women outnumbered men 2:1 in some tribes
– destroyed cultures as well when elders killed before they could
pass on oral traditions
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Plains Indians
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
– smallpox, tuberculosis & malaria killed many & reduced fertility
among survivors
– women outnumbered men 2:1 in some tribes
– destroyed cultures as well when elders killed before they could
pass on oral traditions
2 main groups:
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Plains Indians
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
– smallpox, tuberculosis & malaria killed many & reduced fertility
among survivors
– women outnumbered men 2:1 in some tribes
– destroyed cultures as well when elders killed before they could
pass on oral traditions
2 main groups:
– semi-sedentary farmers living in earthen lodges along Missouri
R. (Arikaras, Hidatsas, Mandans, Pawnees & Omahas)
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Plains Indians
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
– smallpox, tuberculosis & malaria killed many & reduced fertility
among survivors
– women outnumbered men 2:1 in some tribes
– destroyed cultures as well when elders killed before they could
pass on oral traditions
2 main groups:
– semi-sedentary farmers living in earthen lodges along Missouri
R. (Arikaras, Hidatsas, Mandans, Pawnees & Omahas)
– horse-mounted, nomadic buffalo hunters on “high
plains” (Arapahoes, Blackfeet, Cheyennes, Comanche, Crow,
Kiowas & Sioux)
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
The Indian Wars
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
The Indian Wars
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
The Indian Wars
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
– smallpox, tuberculosis & malaria killed many & reduced fertility
among survivors
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
The Indian Wars
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
– smallpox, tuberculosis & malaria killed many & reduced fertility
among survivors
– women outnumbered men 2:1 in some tribes
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
The Indian Wars
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
– smallpox, tuberculosis & malaria killed many & reduced fertility
among survivors
– women outnumbered men 2:1 in some tribes
– destroyed cultures as well when elders killed before they could
pass on oral traditions
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
The Indian Wars
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
– smallpox, tuberculosis & malaria killed many & reduced fertility
among survivors
– women outnumbered men 2:1 in some tribes
– destroyed cultures as well when elders killed before they could
pass on oral traditions
2 main groups:
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
The Indian Wars
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
– smallpox, tuberculosis & malaria killed many & reduced fertility
among survivors
– women outnumbered men 2:1 in some tribes
– destroyed cultures as well when elders killed before they could
pass on oral traditions
2 main groups:
– semi-sedentary farmers living in earthen lodges along
Missouri R. (Arikaras, Hidatsas, Mandans, Pawnees &
Omahas)
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
The Indian Wars
Approx. 250,000 Indians in Great Plains in 1865
– smallpox, tuberculosis & malaria killed many & reduced fertility
among survivors
– women outnumbered men 2:1 in some tribes
– destroyed cultures as well when elders killed before they could
pass on oral traditions
2 main groups:
– semi-sedentary farmers living in earthen lodges along
Missouri R. (Arikaras, Hidatsas, Mandans, Pawnees &
Omahas)
– horse-mounted, nomadic buffalo hunters on “high
plains” (Arapahoes, Blackfeet, Cheyennes, Comanche, Crow,
Kiowas & Sioux)
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Sand Creek Massacre
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Southern Plains Indians
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Southern Plains Indians
Treaty of Medicine Lodge (1867) set
boundaries for southern plains tribes, but gov’t
failed to supply them as promised, so Indians
resumed hunting & war broke out
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Southern Plains Indians
Treaty of Medicine Lodge (1867) set
boundaries for southern plains tribes, but gov’t
failed to supply them as promised, so Indians
resumed hunting & war broke out
– Sheriden & Custer destroyed villages &
pony herds
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Southern Plains Indians
Treaty of Medicine Lodge (1867) set
boundaries for southern plains tribes, but gov’t
failed to supply them as promised, so Indians
resumed hunting & war broke out
– Sheriden & Custer destroyed villages &
pony herds
– Resistance broken by 1875
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Southern Plains Indians
Treaty of Medicine Lodge (1867) set
boundaries for southern plains tribes, but gov’t
failed to supply them as promised, so Indians
resumed hunting & war broke out
– Sheriden & Custer destroyed villages &
pony herds
– Resistance broken by 1875
– 72 leaders imprisoned in Florida & subject to
experimental “civilization by immersion”
program run by Capt. Richard Pratt
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Southern Plains Indians
Treaty of Medicine Lodge (1867) set
boundaries for southern plains tribes, but gov’t
failed to supply them as promised, so Indians
resumed hunting & war broke out
– Sheriden & Custer destroyed villages &
pony herds
– Resistance broken by 1875
– 72 leaders imprisoned in Florida & subject to
experimental “civilization by immersion”
program run by Capt. Richard Pratt
– Wovoka’s Ghost Dance movement crushed
by massacre of 200+ Sioux at Wounded
Knee in Dec. 1890
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Wovoka & The Ghost Dance
✤
This represents an effort to fight against assimilation
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Reservations seen as temporary - designed to
civilize & Christianize Indians
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Reservations seen as temporary - designed to
civilize & Christianize Indians
Run by Bureau of Indian Affairs (est. 1824)
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Reservations seen as temporary - designed to
civilize & Christianize Indians
Run by Bureau of Indian Affairs (est. 1824)
– controls schools & legal system, grants
recognition
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Reservations seen as temporary - designed to
civilize & Christianize Indians
Run by Bureau of Indian Affairs (est. 1824)
– controls schools & legal system, grants
recognition
– agents white, but lesser officials Indian,
which deflected hostility onto traitors
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Reservations seen as temporary - designed to
civilize & Christianize Indians
Run by Bureau of Indian Affairs (est. 1824)
– controls schools & legal system, grants
recognition
– agents white, but lesser officials Indian,
which deflected hostility onto traitors
Traditional practices & communal work
replaced by individualism, because whites
believed indiv. land ownership was bedrock of
democracy
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Reservations seen as temporary - designed to
civilize & Christianize Indians
Run by Bureau of Indian Affairs (est. 1824)
– controls schools & legal system, grants
recognition
– agents white, but lesser officials Indian,
which deflected hostility onto traitors
Traditional practices & communal work
replaced by individualism, because whites
believed indiv. land ownership was bedrock of
democracy
Children often sent to boarding schools &
punished for speaking native tongue
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
General Allotment
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
General Allotment
Dawes Severalty Act (1887) broke up
reservations to encourage individualism
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
General Allotment
Dawes Severalty Act (1887) broke up
reservations to encourage individualism
– each head of household given 160 acres (320 if
suitable only for grazing)
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
General Allotment
Dawes Severalty Act (1887) broke up
reservations to encourage individualism
– each head of household given 160 acres (320 if
suitable only for grazing)
– could pick own land, but held in trust by gov’t
for 25 years
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
General Allotment
Dawes Severalty Act (1887) broke up
reservations to encourage individualism
– each head of household given 160 acres (320 if
suitable only for grazing)
– could pick own land, but held in trust by gov’t
for 25 years
– would become citizens after 25 years if gave up
tribal ways
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
General Allotment
Dawes Severalty Act (1887) broke up
reservations to encourage individualism
– each head of household given 160 acres (320 if
suitable only for grazing)
– could pick own land, but held in trust by gov’t
for 25 years
– would become citizens after 25 years if gave up
tribal ways
– reduced Indian-owned acreage from 138 to 48
million - rest opened up to white settlement
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
General Allotment
Dawes Severalty Act (1887) broke up
reservations to encourage individualism
– each head of household given 160 acres (320 if
suitable only for grazing)
– could pick own land, but held in trust by gov’t
for 25 years
– would become citizens after 25 years if gave up
tribal ways
– reduced Indian-owned acreage from 138 to 48
million - rest opened up to white settlement
Curtis Act (1898) terminated tribal gov’ts that
Tuesday, May 20, 2014