Independent Schools
Examinations Board
GEOGRAPHY PRACTICE
EXERCISES
13+
Belinda Froud-Yannic
Independent Schools
Examinations Board
www.galorepark.co.uk
Published by ISEB Publications, an imprint of Galore Park Publishing Ltd
19/21 Sayers Lane, Tenterden, Kent TN30 6BW
www.galorepark.co.uk
Text copyright © Belinda Froud-Yannic 2011
The right of Belinda Froud-Yannic to be identified as the author of this work
has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Design and typesetting Typetechnique
Printed by L.E.G.O. SpA, Italy
ISBN 978 1 907047 67 1
All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior
written permission of the copyright owner or a licence permitting restricted
copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House,
6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
First published 2011
Details of other ISEB Revision Guides for Common Entrance, examination
papers and Galore Park publications are available at www.galorepark.co.uk
ii
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Using this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
1.
Rivers and coasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.
Weather and climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.
Plate tectonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.
Economic geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.
Environmental geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.
Global location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.
Fieldwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
iii
Introduction
I hope you find this book a useful tool for improving your marks in Geography. Your teacher
may ask you to answer some of the questions in class or as homework. You could also try
some yourself as revision before your examination.
The book is split into the different topic areas covered in the syllabus. At the end of the book
there is some advice on the coursework which you prepare as part of your examination.
Questions to help you revise the Ordnance Survey part of your examination can be found in
Mapwork Practice Exercises available from Galore Park.
If the Common Entrance examination has three sections, one which tests Ordnance Survey
skills, one which tests the five themes and one which tests your knowledge of global location.
It would be a good idea to use these practice questions and the Mapwork Practice Exercises in
combination with the Geography ISEB Revision Guide. You could revise a chapter from the guide
and then test yourself using the questions in this book. Remember to check your answers in
the Answer Book.
If you find that you are getting some questions wrong, ask your teacher to explain the answer
to you.
Here are a few handy hints to help you breeze through the
examinations!
G
Always read the questions carefully, underlining, circling or highlighting key words
or phrases.
G
Do not leave blanks. If you do not know the answer take an educated guess.
Wrong answers do not lose marks.
G
Make sure that all diagrams are clearly annotated (labelled).
G
Look carefully at the resources given e.g. maps, graphs etc; they will normally help you
answer the question.
G
Look at the number of marks available in order to assess how much to write.
G
Make sure you answer the question which has been set!
G
Include impressive geographical terms whenever possible.
I do wish you all the best of luck in all of your examinations and remember that you can be a
top geographer!
Belinda Froud-Yannic
2011
v
Using this book
The book has been designed for use by students, under the guidance of a teacher or parent, as
a resource for recall of knowledge.
Worksheets are available to assist with some questions and are indicated by a
relevant number. These are available from www.geographyexercises.co.uk
Belinda Froud-Yannic
2011
vi
6
with the
1. Rivers and coasts
1.1
Which option best completes each of the following sentences?
(a) Traction is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
a method of erosion
a feature of erosion
a method of transportation
a method of coastal defence
(b) Load is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
all the material that a river carries
the start of a river
the speed of the water
the power of a wave
(c) Abrasion is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
pieces of load hitting each other
acid in river water
the water moving against the bank
load scraping against the bed and bank
(d) Fetch is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
the length of a river
the speed at which a river flows
the uninterrupted distance a wave travels
a type of weathering
(e) An arch is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
a feature of erosion
a river feature
a feature of deposition
part of a meander
(f) A river cliff is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
the inside bend of a meander
a feature of deposition
the outside bend of a meander
found at the source of a river
(g) Suspension is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
a method of erosion
the overhang on a river cliff
fine load being carried in the flow
fine load dissolved in the water
(h) Water flows faster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
on the inside of a bend of a river
at the river beach
on the outside of a bend in a river
at the slip off slope
1
(i)
Deposition occurs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
on the river cliff
on the river beach
(j)
at a waterfall
on the outside bend of a river
Longshore drift helps to form a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
spit
meander
1.2
stump
cave
Describe three of the processes below.
hydraulic action
corrosion
1.3
1
saltation
deposition
(6)
(a) Explain the difference between weathering and erosion.
(2)
(b) Give an example of each of these processes.
(2)
1.4
Draw a diagram with detailed labels to explain how a waterfall is formed.
(5)
1.5
(a) Using the following labels annotate a copy of the photograph shown below.
(4)
shallow water
river cliff
river beach
undercutting
(b) On the copy of the photograph draw a red dotted line to show the
fastest flowing water.
2
(1)
1.6
Look at the OS map on the inside back cover and using map evidence only locate two
river landforms. Copy and complete the following table, giving the four figured grid
reference for each landform and stating whether the process of erosion or
deposition or both processes are occurring at each location.
(6)
River landform
1.7
2
1.8
Grid square
Process
Look at the photo below and describe how humans have interfered with the
natural physical processes on the beach.
(3)
Look at the OS map on the inside back cover and the sketch map below.
On a copy of the sketch map shown below, mark and label one area of
coastal deposition.
29
31
85
85
Cambois
83
83
31
29
3
(2)
1.9
Copy the table below and match the following words to the appropriate type
of weathering.
limestone
desert
mountain
(4)
chalk hills
Type of weathering
onion-skin weathering
freeze-thaw weathering
biological weathering
chemical weathering
1.10
Copy and complete the following sentences by choosing the correct words from the
box below.
impermeable
v-shaped valley
brook
scree
wave-cut platform
confluence
source
stump
permeable
floodplain
onion-skin
erosion
weathering
freeze-thaw
drainage basin
tributary
traction
swash
arch
mouth
(a) Where a river begins is known as the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
(b) The point where two rivers meet is called a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
(c) The area drained by a river and its tributaries is called a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
(d) The flat area either side of a river, which is regularly flooded, is called a . . . . . . . (1)
(e) A small river that flows into a large river is called a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
(f) Rock and soil that does not allow water to pass through it is known as . . . . . . . (1)
(g) When a stack is weathered and eroded it could turn into a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
(h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . weathering is most likely to occur in a desert. (1)
(i)
The breakdown of rock by weather, plants and animals is known as . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
(j)
The movement of a wave up the beach is known as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
(k) Loose, broken up rock is known as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
4
3
1.11
The diagram below shows a waterfall.
river
whinstone
shale
plunge pool
1.12
1.13
1.14
(a) Which rock is harder, whinstone or shale?
(1)
(b) How can you tell?
(2)
(c) Why is the plunge pool deeper than the river further downstream?
(3)
(d) Draw a diagram to show what you think the waterfall will look like in
500 years’ time.
(1)
(e) What processes happen to make the waterfall look like this?
(3)
(a) Explain where and why a river deposits its load.
(2)
(b) Name a feature created by river deposition.
(1)
(a) Draw a diagram with detailed labels to explain the process of longshore drift.
(4)
(b) Name a feature formed by longshore drift.
(1)
(c) Draw a diagram with detailed labels to explain how this feature is formed.
(6)
(a) The diagram below shows a type of weathering. What is this process called?
(1)
1
2
joints and cracks
seed grows to
become a shoot
seed
roots
rock
rock
3
plant
rock
large roots
break up rock
scree
5
1.15
(b) Look at the photo below. What type of weathering is most likely to have
occurred on these rocks?
(1)
(c) Explain how this type of weathering breaks up rock.
(3)
Copy the table below and put the following landforms into the correct columns
to show which process has formed them.
(6)
arch
stump
beach
waterfall
Erosion
1.16
spit
floodplain
Deposition
The diagram below shows a river. Draw a sketch section of the meander
from X to Y.
X
6
Y
(2)
Label the following on your sketch section.
river cliff
undercutting
1.17
1.18
1.19
river beach
overhang
(6)
deep water
shallow water
Draw a diagram with detailed labels to show how an arch is formed. On the same
diagram show what may happen to the arch in the future.
(6)
For each of the following, state whether it is a cause or an effect of river flooding.
(a) Heavy monsoon rainfall.
(1)
(b) Steep slopes.
(1)
(c) Communications destroyed.
(1)
(d) Every spring the rivers carry large volumes of water from the thawing snow
in the Himalayas.
(1)
(e) Towns have been built on the floodplain.
(1)
(f) The water spreads disease.
(1)
(g) Trees have been cut down for firewood and to make space for agriculture.
(1)
(a) Describe the causes of flooding in an area you have studied.
(4)
(b) Humans are often badly affected by river floods. Referring to the photograph above,
and your own knowledge, describe the possible impact of flooding on:
(i)
the environment
(3)
(ii) the people in the area
(3)
(c) What can humans do to try and prevent flooding?
7
(4)
1.20
Copy and complete the following sentences by choosing the correct word from
the box below.
erosion
deforestation
slip-off slope
deposition
impermeable clay soil
chemical
transportation
river cliff
biological
urbanisation
waterfall
physical
(a) The major process responsible for the formation of a stack and a waterfall is . . . (1)
(b) The major process responsible for the formation of a beach and floodplain is . . . (1)
1.21
(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is a physical cause of flooding.
(1)
(d) A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is a feature of deposition.
(1)
(e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . weathering is likely to be caused by
a change of temperature.
(1)
(a) Match the labels below to the appropriate diagram to indicate where in
the course of the river the load would be of each size and shape.
(3)
upper course of the river (near the source)
middle course
lower course of the river (near the mouth)
(i)
1
(ii)
(iii)
2
3
(b) Explain why a river’s load changes size and shape as it flows from
source to mouth.
8
(2)
1.22
4
1.23
(a) Describe and explain the processes that occur on the inside edge
of a meander.
(3)
(b) Describe and explain the processes that occur on the outside edge
of a meander.
(3)
(a) On a copy of the diagram of a river below, use a dotted line to show
the fastest flowing current in the river.
(1)
(b) Shade yellow places where deposition would occur and red at places where
erosion would occur.
(2)
9