02ER1RVSG.fm Page 23 Wednesday, September 20, 2006 1:57 PM
Section 3 Summary
The Industrial Revolution
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In the 1800s, a revolution occurred in the ways goods
were made and in the ways people lived. This lifechanging period was called the Industrial Revolution.
Before the 1800s, people made what they needed by
hand. During the Industrial Revolution, goods started
to be made by machines in factories.
The first machines were invented in Great Britain to
speed up the weaving of textiles, or cloth products.
Large factories housed the machines. In a factory, each
worker had a specific job that he or she did over and
over again. Goods could be made more quickly and
cheaply.
The Industrial Revolution changed life in positive
and negative ways. New inventions made everyday life
easier. Transportation and communications improved.
Many people, however, left their farms to work in
factories. Cities grew rapidly. This meant that people
lived in crowded and unclean conditions where diseases quickly spread. Workers earned low wages and
worked in unsafe conditions.
The Industrial Revolution also spurred changes in
government. Many European nations followed the policy of imperialism. That is, they took over other countries and turned them into colonies. European countries
competed for new colonies in Africa and parts of Asia.
Colonies provided the raw materials—such as cotton,
wood, and metals—that industry needed. Because of
this, the late 1800s are called the Age of Imperialism. Key Terms
Industrial Revolution (in DUS tree ul rev uh LOO shun) n. the lifechanging period in the 1800s when products began to be made by
machines in factories
textile (TEKS tyl) n. a cloth product
imperialism (im PIHR ee ul iz um) n. the pursuit of political and
economic control over foreign territories
Target Reading Skill
Summarize the bracketed paragraph. Be sure to include the main
point. Also include three important
details about how the Industrial
Revolution changed life.
Main point: ____________________
____________________
____________________
Detail:
____________________
Detail:
____________________
Detail:
____________________
Reading Check
Why are the late 1800s called the
Age of Imperialism?
____________________
____________________
____________________
Chapter 2
Section 3
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02ER1RVSG.fm Page 24 Friday, July 2, 2004 8:04 PM
A Century of War and Nationalism
Vocabulary Strategy
The words listed here are underlined in your reading. Identify the
meaning of the suffix in each of
these words by using the chart on
the first page of this section. Write
it next to the word.
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nationalism:
____________________
destructive:
____________________
alliances:
TH
____________________
Circle the suffix in each word when
you come across it in your reading.
Did knowing what
the suffix meant
help you determine
rk
a
M
what each word
means?
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E
t
Tex
40
Reading Check
Which countries made up the Axis
Powers?
____________________
____________________
Review Questions
1. When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
____________________
____________________
2. Why did European nations form alliances in the
early 1900s?
____________________
____________________
Key Terms
nationalism (NASH uh nul iz um) n. pride in one’s country
alliance (uh LY uns) n. an agreement between countries to protect
and defend each other
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Reading and Vocabulary Study Guide
© Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All Rights Reserved.
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At the start of the 1900s, the people of Europe were
filled with nationalism. They felt a sense of pride in
their countries. Between 1900 and 1950, nationalism
became a destructive force. It played a part in causing
two world wars and the deaths of millions of people.
During the early 1900s, each European nation was
afraid that another would invade its territory. To protect
themselves, nations made alliances with one another.
Each nation promised to protect its friends if someone
attacked them. Europe was divided into two alliances
when World War I started in 1914. On one side were
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey. On the other
side were Great Britain, France, and Russia. The war
ended in 1918, after over 22 million people died.
In 1939, World War II broke out. On one side was an
alliance called the Axis Powers—Germany, Italy, and
Japan. The Allies—Great Britain, the Soviet Union, France,
China, and the United States—opposed the Axis Powers.
World War II was the most destructive war in history. It
finally ended in 1945. The Allies had won. After World War II, much of Europe was in ruins.
The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the
world’s two superpowers. These nations had very different ideas about government and society. Europe
split in half. Western Europe allied with the United
States. Eastern Europe allied with the Soviet Union.