WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Mastan et al.
World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
SJIF Impact Factor 6.041
Volume 5, Issue 8, 903-907
Research Article
ISSN 2278 – 4357
CORELATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MIZAJ IN PATIENTS
DIAGNOSED WITH QOOBA (DERMATOPHYTOSIS): AN
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Adnan Mastan1*, Raisur Rahman2 and Farah Naaz1
1
Research Associate, Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi.
2
Director General, Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi.
Article Received on
25 May 2016,
ABSTRACT
Qooba (Dermatophytosis) is a clinical condition caused by fungal
Revised on 14 June 2016,
Accepted on 04 July 2016
infection of skin in humans and other vertebras. The fungi that cause
DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20168-7322
dermatophytosis feed on keratin, the material found in the outer layer
of skin, hair and nails. The purpose of this study was to evaluate
*Corresponding Author
different types of Mizaj (Temperament) in established cases of Qooba.
Adnan Mastan
The study was conducted on 60 cases of Qooba (Dermatophytosis).
Research Associate,
Patients, fulfilling the selection criteria, were evaluated for their Mizaj
Central Council for
based on standard parameters (Alamat-e-Ajnase-e-Ashra) as described
Research in Unani
in the classical Unani text. In present observationalstudy the higher
Medicine, New Delhi.
incidence of patients was observed from Damvi Mizaj (43.33%)
followed by Saudavi Mizaj (26.66%), Balghami Mizaj (18.33%) and Safravi Mizaj (11.66%).
This study is in consonance with classical Unani literature in which Dame Raqeeq
Mutaharriq converts into Sauda to produce Qooba.
KEYWORDS: Qooba, Dermatophytosis, Dermatophytes, Mizaj, Temperament.
INTRODUCTION
Dermatophytosis is a common contagious disease caused by fungi known as dermatophytes.
Dermatophytes fit in to a cluster of organisms that are able to break down the keratin in
tissues such as epidermis, hair and nails. Some Dermatophytes (Anthropophilic species) are
adapted to human, and are usually transmitted from person to person.[1] Others (Zoophilic
species) are adapted to animals. A few (Geophilic) species normally live in the environment,
but occasionally act as parasites. The zoophilic and geophilic species are sometimes
www.wjpps.com
Vol 5, Issue 8, 2016.
903
Mastan et al.
World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
transmitted from animals to people.[2] Predisposing factors for the dermatophytosis are skin
trauma, hydration state of macerated skin, occlusion, elevated temperature and humidity
along with the state of host defenses.[1]
Mizaj has been an important point of discussion among both ancient and modern Unani
scholars. Mizaj is one of the basic concepts of Unani system of medicine upon which
diagnosis and line of treatment of a disease are based. Every human being has been furnished
a specific Mizaj through which an individual performs his functions properly. If it is
disturbed, body becomes more susceptible to develop such disease having same temperament
as that of the disease.[5] Al-Qanoon has defined Mizaj as ‘a resultant state producedafter
interaction of minutely divided particles, Arkan [elements] with their different qualities.[3]
There has been a strong coorelation between Mizaj and Dermatophytosis.
According to the Unani system of medicine, the concept of four humors (Akhlat-e-Arba’a)
forms the basis of health and disease which is evaluated based on Mizaj and accordingly
treatment is advised. The derangement in the equilibrium of these humors results in Qooba,
as described in various classical texts.
Ismail jurjani has broadly classified its causes into two.[4]
Khilt-e-Bad: This may further be classified into two types:
•
Khilt-e-Tez and Raqeeq: Produces lesions which are moist and have a burning sensation.
•
Khilt-e-Ghaleez and Saudavi: Lesions are dry and burning sensation is less.
•
Quwat-e-Tabiyat (corrective faculty): It is also responsible for Qooba as it diverts Khilt-eBad/ Khilt-e-Rabbi (noxious humor) from vital organs towards the skin surface, rendering
them safe. Hence, any alteration in the corrective faculty may predispose to Qooba.[4]
The cause of Qooba is similar to that of the Sa’afa; that is, the Haad (sharp), Harrif
(astringent) or pungent fluid is mixed with Ghaleez Saudavi Madda (viscous melancholic
humor) and is more viscid than the matter of Jarb (scabies)and it may also occur due to
Balgham-e-Maleh (saline phlegm), which is burnt and converted into Sauda (melancholic
humor).[3] Qooba is caused by Fasad-e-Dam (morbid blood) due to viscous matters. If the
matter is hot and has less fluid then there will be dry Qooba.[8] Qooba may develop due to
acute liquefied fluid of blood, mixed with black bileand it may be due to melancholic humor,
i.e., black bile.[9] The dry Qooba occurs due to melancholic humor and the moist one due to
melancholic humor mixed with blood.[3] It may be due to the mixture of Latif Khun and
www.wjpps.com
Vol 5, Issue 8, 2016.
904
Mastan et al.
World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Mirra Sauda (abnormal black bile) and sometimes due to the admixture of Ghaliz Ratubat
(viscid substances) with Balgham-e-Shor (abnormal phlegm).[10]
Presently, it is of the opinion that treatment of Qooba should be started with Tanqiyah-eBadan (removal of harmful material from the body).[6] There are number of drugs which are
prescribed after the clinical examination of patient and ascertaining the dominating Khilt
(Humor) as causative factor. In most of the cases Munzij and Mushil-e-Sauda are prescribed
in the management of Qooba as deranged Sauda, is the major factor responsible in the
causation of Qooba as mentioned in classics of Unani literature.[7] Thus an attempt has been
made to remove this deranged humor.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was conducted on 60 established cases of Qooba (Dermatophytosis) in the skin
OPD of A & U Tibbia College & Hospital, Karol Bagh, New Delhi. The study was designed
as an observational study. Diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of clinical presentation and
the KOH examination of affected part. Mizaj of the patients was evaluated on standard
parameters (Alamat-e-Ajnase-e-Ashra) as described in the classical Unani text.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of clinical presentation and the KOH examination of
affected part. Mizaj of the patients was evaluated on standard parameters (Alamat-e-Ajnase-eAshra) format developed by Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of
AYUSH, Govt. of India. In present observationalstudy the higher incidence of patients was
observed from Damvi Mizaj (43.33%) followed by Saudavi Mizaj (26.66%), Balghami Mizaj
(18.33%) and Safravi Mizaj (11.66%) (Table1 & Chart1).
Mizaj of human being as well as the disease serves as conceptual frame to use drugs in a
rational way, to predict the effect of drug on body and serve as an indicator of potency of a
treatment. The present study was aimed to evaluate distribution of different types of Mizaj in
established patients of Qooba. This study is in consonance with classical Unani literature in
which Dame Raqeeq Mutaharriq converts into Sauda to produce Qooba.[8,9]
www.wjpps.com
Vol 5, Issue 8, 2016.
905
Mastan et al.
World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Table 1. Distribution of patients according to Mizaj
Mizaj
Damvi
Balghami
Safravi
Saudavi
Total
No. of Patients
26
11
7
16
60
Percent
43.33%
18.33%
11.66%
26.66%
100%
Chart1. Distribution of patients according to Mizaj
CONCLUSION
Qooba is a well-known disease Since Greco Arabic Period. It is one of the most frequent
forms of superficial fungal infection. In present study, our emphasis was on Mizaj wherein,
we tried to find out distribution of different types of Mizaj in established cases of Qooba. The
findings suggested that it is in consonance with classical Unani literature.Although
unparalleled epitome of ancient physicians was tried to reinforce in this study, the study
needs to be extrapolated further on lager sample size.
REFERENCES
1. Behl, P.N, Practice of Dermatology, 8th edition, 1999, CBS Publishers & Distributors,
Dariyaganj, New Delhi, 6-22, 51-63.
2. IICA, Dermatophytosis, 2013, IOWA State university, college of veterinary medicine,
1-13.
3. Ibn-e-Sina AA. A1 Qanoon Fit Tib (Urdu translation), Vol-4. Aijaz Publishing House;
YNM, 1430-1432.
4. Jurjani I. Zakheera Khawazam Shahi. (Urdu translation by Khan HH), Vol-7. New Delhi:
Idara Kitabush Shifa, 2010; 24-26.
www.wjpps.com
Vol 5, Issue 8, 2016.
906
Mastan et al.
World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
5. Ahmed SI. Introduction to Al Umoor Al Tabiah. 1st ed. New Delhi: Saini Printers, 1980;
140.
6. Tabri AM. Moalijat Buqratiya (Urdu translation by CCRUM). Vol.2. New Delhi:
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 1997; 211-213.
7. Khan A. Hazique. New Delhi: Beesween Sadi Book Depot, 1987; 546-48.
8. Tabri AR. Firdausul Hikmat (Urdu translation by Ashraf R). Pakistan: Hamdard
Foundatioin; 1981; 294-297.
9. Jamaluddin, Aqsaraee. Vol.1. Munshi Naval Kishore; YNM, 478-479.
10. Majusi AIA. Kamilus Sana’s (Urdu translation by Kanturi GH), Vol-2 New Delhi: Idara
Kitabush Shifa, 2010; 252.
www.wjpps.com
Vol 5, Issue 8, 2016.
907