Curriculum Management System MONROE TOWNSHIP SCHOOLS Course Name: AP Human Geography Grade: 10-12 For adoption by all regular education programs as specified and for adoption or adaptation byJ all Special Education Programs in accordance with Board of Education Policy # 2220. Board Approved: June 2015 Table of Contents Monroe Township Schools Administration and Board of Education Members Mission, Vision, Beliefs, and Goals Core Curriculum Content Standards Scope and Sequence Goals/Essential Questions/Objectives/Instructional Tools/Activities Quarterly Benchmark Assessment Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Pages 6-10 Pages 11-61 Page 62-65. Monroe Township Schools Administration and Board of Education Members ADMINISTRATION Mr. Dennis Ventrello, Interim Superintendent Dr. Dori Alvich, Assistant Superintendent BOARD OF EDUCATION Mr. Doug Poye, Board President Mr. Tom Nothstein, Board Vice President Ms. Michele Arminio Mr. Marvin I. Braverman Ms. Jill Demaio Mr. Lew Kaufman Ms. Kathy Kolupanowich Mr. Anthony Prezioso Mr. Steven Riback Jamesburg Representative Mr. Robert Czarneski WRITERS NAME Jaclyn Abruzzese District K-12 Supervisor of Sciences and Social Studies Bonnie Burke- Casaletto Mission, Vision, Beliefs, and Goals Mission Statement The Monroe Public Schools in collaboration with the members of the community shall ensure that all children receive an exemplary education by well-trained committed staff in a safe and orderly environment. Vision Statement The Monroe Township Board of Education commits itself to all children by preparing them to reach their full potential and to function in a global society through a preeminent education. Beliefs 1. All decisions are made on the premise that children must come first. 2. All district decisions are made to ensure that practices and policies are developed to be inclusive, sensitive and meaningful to our diverse population. 3. We believe there is a sense of urgency about improving rigor and student achievement. 4. All members of our community are responsible for building capacity to reach excellence. 5. We are committed to a process for continuous improvement based on collecting, analyzing, and reflecting on data to guide our decisions. 6. We believe that collaboration maximizes the potential for improved outcomes. 7. We act with integrity, respect, and honesty with recognition that the schools serves as the social core of the community. 8. We believe that resources must be committed to address the population expansion in the community. 9. We believe that there are no disposable students in our community and every child means every child. Board of Education Goals 1. Raise achievement for all students paying particular attention to disparities between subgroups. 2. Systematically collect, analyze, and evaluate available data to inform all decisions. 3. Improve business efficiencies where possible to reduce overall operating costs. 4. Provide support programs for students across the continuum of academic achievement with an emphasis on those who are in the middle. 5. Provide early interventions for all students who are at risk of not reaching their full potential. 6. To Create a 21st Century Environment of Learning that Promotes Inspiration, Motivation, Exploration, and Innovation. Common Core State Standards (CSSS) The Common Core State Standards provide a consistent, clear understanding of what students are expected to learn, so teachers and parents know what they need to do to help them. The standards are designed to be robust and relevant to the real world, reflecting the knowledge and skills that our young people need for success in college and careers. With American students fully prepared for the future, our communities will be best positioned to compete successfully in the global economy. Links: 1. CCSS Home Page: http://www.corestandards.org 2. CCSS FAQ: http://www.corestandards.org/frequently-asked-questions 3. CCSS The Standards: http://www.corestandards.org/the-standards 4. NJDOE Link to CCSS: http://www.state.nj.us/education/sca 5. Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC): http://parcconline.org Quarter 1 Unit Topic(s): Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives; Population and Migration I. Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives a. Geography as a field of inquiry b. Major geographical concepts underlying the geographical perspective: Location, Space, Place, Scale, Pattern, Nature and Society, Regionalization, Globalization and Gender Issues c. Key Geographical Skills • How to use and think about maps and geospatial data • How to understand and interpret the implications of associations among phenomena in places • How to reorganize and interpret at different scales the relationships among patterns and processes • How to recognize and interpret at different scales the relationships among patterns and processes • How to define regions and evaluate the regionalization process • How to characterize and analyze changing interconnections among places d. Use of geographic technologies, such as GIS, remote sensing, global positioning systems (GPS), and online maps e. Sources of geographical information and ideas: the field, census data, online data, aerial photography, and satellite imagery f. Identification of major world regions II. Population and Migration a. Geographical analysis of population • Density, distribution, and scale • Implications of various densities and distributions • Composition: age, sex, income, education, and ethnicity • Patterns of fertility, mortality and birth b. Population growth and decline over time and space • Historical trends and projections for the future • Theories of population growth and decline, including the Demographic Transition Model • Regional variations of demographic transitions • Effects of national population policies: promoting population growth in some countries or reducing fertility rates in others • Environmental impacts of population change on water use, food supplies, biodiversity, the atmosphere, and climate • Population and natural hazards: impacts on policy, economy, and society c. Migration • Types of migration: transnational, internal, chain, step, seasonal agriculture, and rural to urban • Major historical migrations • Push and Pull factors, and migration in relation to employment and quality of life • Refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons • Consequences of migration: socioeconomic, cultural, environmental, and political; immigration policies; remittances Quarter 2 Unit Topic(s): Cultural Patterns and Processes; Political Organization of Space I. Cultural Patterns and Processes a. Concepts of Culture • Cultural Traits • Diffusion patterns • Acculturation, assimilation, and multiculturalism • Cultural Regions, vernacular regions, and culture hearths • Globalization and the effects of technology on cultures b. Cultural Differences and regional patterns • Language and communications • Religion and sacred space • Ethnicity and nationalism • Cultural differences in attitudes towards gender • Popular and folk culture • Cultural conflicts, and law and policy to protect culture c. Cultural landscapes and cultural identity • Symbolic landscapes and sense of place • The formation of identity and place making • Differences in cultural attitudes and practices toward the environment • Indigenous peoples II. Political Organization of Space a. Territorial dimensions of politics • The concept of political power and territoriality • The nature, meaning, and function of boundaries • Influences of boundaries on identity, interaction, and exchange • Federal and unitary states, confederation, centralized government, and forms of governance • Spatial relationships between political systems and patterns of ethnicity, economy, and gender • Political ecology: impacts of law and policy on the environment and environmental justice b. Evolution of the contemporary political pattern • The nation-state concept • Colonialism and imperialism • Democratization • Fall of communism and legacy of the Cold War • Patterns of local, regional, and metropolitan governance c. Changes and challenges to political- territorial arrangements • Changing nature of sovereignty • Fragmentation, unification, cooperation • Supranationalism and international alliances • Devolution of countries: centripetal and centrifugal forces • Electoral geography: redistricting and gerrymandering • Armed conflicts, war, and terrorism Quarter 3 Unit Topic(s): Agricultural and Rural Land Use; Industrialization and Economic Development I. Agricultural and Rural Land Use a. Development and diffusion of agriculture • Neolithic Agricultural Revolution • Second Agricultural Revolution • Green Revolution • Large-scale commercial agriculture and agribusiness b. Major agricultural production regions • Agricultural systems associated with major bioclimatic zones • Variations within major time zones and effects of markets • Interdependence among regions of food production and consumption c. Rural land use and settlement patterns • Models of agricultural land use, including von Thünen’s model • Settlement patterns associated with major agricultural types: subsistence, cash cropping, plantation, mixed farming, monoculture, pastoralism, ranching, forestry, fishing and aquaculture • Land use/land cover change: irrigation, desertification, deforestation, wetland destruction, conservation efforts to protect or restore natural land cover, and global impacts • Roles of women in agricultural production and farming communities d. Issues in contemporary commercial agriculture • Biotechnology, including genetically modified organisms (GMO) • Spatial organization of industrial agriculture, including the transition in land use to largescale commercial farming and factors affecting the location of processing facilities • • • Environmental issues: soil degradation, overgrazing, river and aquifer depletion, animal wastes, and extensive fertilizer and pesticide use Organic farming, crop rotation, value-added specialty foods, regional appellations, fair trade, and eat-local-food movements Global food distribution, malnutrition, and famine II. Industrialization and Economic Development a. Growth and diffusion of industrialization • The changing roles of energy and development • Industrial Revolution • Models of economic development: Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth and Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory • Geographic critiques of models of industrial location: bid rent, Weber’s comparative costs of transportation and industrial location in relation to resources, location of retailing and service industries, and local economic development within competitive global systems of corporations and finance b. Social and economic measures of development • Gross Domestic Product and GDP per capita • Human Development Index • Gender Inequality Index • Income disparity and the Gini coefficient • Changes in fertility and mortality • Access to healthcare, education, utilities, and sanitation c. Contemporary patterns and impact of industrialization and development • Spatial organization of the world economy • • • • • • • Variations in levels of development (uneven development) Deindustrialization, economic restructuring, and the rise of service and high technology economies Globalization, manufacturing in newly industrialized countries (NICs), and the international division of labor Natural resource depletion, pollution, and climate change Sustainable development Government development initiatives: local, regional, and national policies Women in development and gender equity in the workforce Quarter 4 Unit Topic(s): Cities and Urban Land Use; Exam Review; Careers in Geography I. Cities and Urban Land Use a. Development and character of cities • Origin of cities; site and situation characteristics • Forces driving urbanization • Borchert’s epochs of urban transportation development • World cities and megacities • Suburbanization processes b. Models of urban hierarchies: reasons for the distribution and size of cities • Gravity model • Christaller’s central place theory • Rank-size rule • Primate cities c. Models of internal city structure and urban development: strengths and limitations of models • Burgess concentric zone model • Hoyt sector model • Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model • Galactic city model • Models of cities in Latin America, North America and the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, and South Asia d. Built environment and social space • Types of residential buildings • Transportation and infrastructure • Political organization of urban areas • Urban planning and design (e.g., gated communities, New Urbanism, and smartgrowth policies) • Census data on urban ethnicity, gender, migration, and socioeconomic status • e. Characteristics and types of edge cities: boomburgs, greenfields, uptowns Contemporary urban issues • Housing and insurance discrimination, and access to food stores • Changing demographic, employment, and social structures • Uneven development, zones of abandonment, disamenity, and gentrification • Suburban sprawl and urban sustainability problems, land and energy use, cost of expanding public education services, home financing and debt crises • Urban environmental issues: transportation, sanitation, air and water quality, remediation of brownfields, and farmland protection II. AP Exam Review a. Review of Multiple Choice Questions & Free-Response Writing b. Review of topics c. Exam discussion d. Practice AP Exam III. Careers in Geography a. Urban Planning/Community Development b. Cartographer c. GIS Specialist d. Climatologist e. Transportation Management f. Environmental Management g. Emergency Management h. Demographer ESTABLISHED GOALS Unit 1: Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives Stage 1 Desired Results Common Core RH.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, connecting insights gained from specific details to an understanding of the text as a whole. RH.2-Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary that makes clear the relationships among the key details and ideas. RH.7-Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually, quantitatively, as well as in words) in order to address a question and solve a problem. RH.8-Evaluate an author’s premise, claims, and evidence by corroborating or challenging them with other information. RH.9-Integrate information from diverse sources, both primary and secondary, into a coherent understanding of an idea or event , noting discrepancies among sources. WHST.1-Write arguments focused on disciplinespecific. WHST.2-Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments, or technical processes. Transfer Students will be able to independently use their learning to… • Use and analyze maps and spatial data sets. • Understand and interpret the implications of associations among phenomena in place. • Recognize and interpret at different scales the relationship among patterns and processes. • Define regions and evaluate the regionalization process. • Characterize and analyze changing interconnections among places. Meaning UNDERSTANDINGS ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Students will understand that… • What is Human Geography? • Geography, as a field of inquiry, looks at • What are Geographic Questions? the world from a spatial perspective. • Why do Geographers use maps, and what do • Geography offers a set of concepts, maps tell us? skills, and tools that facilitate critical • Why are Geographers concerned with scale thinking and problem solving. and connectedness? • Geographical skills provide a foundation • What are geographic concepts, and how are for analyzing world patterns and they used in answering geographic processes. questions? • Geospatial technologies increase the capability for gathering and analyzing geographic information with applications to everyday life. • Field experiences continue to be important means of gathering geographic information and data. Acquisition Students will know… Students will be skilled at… • Geographic fieldwork • Analyzing thematic maps and understanding the false impressions we • Globalization may gather from them. • Spatial arrangement of places and • Identifying the different types of maps phenomena and projections. • Spatial distribution of a phenomenon • Defining small scale and large scale. • Medical geography • Explaining GPS and GIS technologies • Five themes of geography WHST.6-Use technology to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.7-Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. NJCCCS 6.1.12.D.14.f- Determine the influence of multicultural beliefs, products (i.e., art, food, music, and literature), and practices in shaping contemporary American culture. 6.1.12.A.16.a- Examine the impact of media and technology on political and social issues in a global society. 6.1.12.D.16.a- Analyze the impact of American culture on other world cultures from multiple perspectives. 6.2.12.D.5.c- Assess the influence of television, the Internet, and other forms of electronic communication on the creation and diffusion of cultural and political information, worldwide. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Location theory Human-Environment Interactions Perceptions of Place Movement Cultural Landscape Sequent Occupance Cartography Reference and thematic maps Global Positioning System (GPS) Geocaching Absolute and Relative locations Mental Maps Remote sensing Geographic Information Systems Scale Formal Region Functional Region Perceptual Region Culture Cultural Diffusion Environmental Determinism Possibilism Cultural and Political Ecology • • • and their uses. Describing the five themes of geography. Explaining the three different types of regions. Summarizing the types of diffusion and providing examples of each of them. Unit 1: Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives Stage 2 - Evidence Evaluative Criteria Suggested Performance Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on lesson assessments; 4 – Innovating: Student was able to apply knowledge learned during unit, worked independently or collaboratively with group members, and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated application, innovation, and higher leveled thinking. 3 – Applying: Student worked independently or collaboratively with group members and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated student could apply new knowledge. 2 – Developing: Student was able to work individually or collaboratively most of the time, and showed some effort. The steps in the assignment demonstrated student could apply most of the knowledge learned throughout unit. 1 – Beginning: Student was only able to apply new knowledge learned during unit with assistance. Student had difficulty working independently or collaboratively with others and did not work to best of ability. Suggested Free Response Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ Assessment Evidence PERFORMANCE TASK(S): Ferris Bueller’s Day Off Project- Students will demonstrate understanding of the five themes of geography by analyzing the film Ferris Bueller’s Day Off. In the film, Ferris and his friends will spend the day in Chicago. Track where and when Ferris is during the course of the day in order to conclusively prove whether or not Ferris could have done all the things he does in the film in real life. View Ferris Bueller’s Day Off. Document Ferris’ adventures on a map. Students will research online the absolute locations of some of the places depicted in the scenes of the movie and create an original map of his route. Group 1Use evidence in the film to prove that Ferris Bueller could have completed everything in one day. Each student should write a separate persuasive essay (minimum of three paragraphs, along with pertinent facts and evidence from the movie and the mapping activity) to make your argument. Identify the five themes of geography and their relationship to the arguments used. Give a complete timeline of the days' events, and highlight three events/reasons why Ferris COULD complete his excursion in one day. All opinions must be completely backed up with facts and figures. Graphs, charts, and other illustrations should be included. Group 2Use evidence from the film to prove that Ferris could NOT have completed everything in one day. Each student should write a separate persuasive essay (minimum of three paragraphs, along with pertinent facts and evidence from the movie and the mapping activity) to make the arguments. Identify the five themes of geography and their relationship to the arguments used. Give a complete timeline of the days' events, and highlight three events/reasons why Ferris COULDN’T complete his excursion in one day. All opinions must be completely backed up with facts and figures. Graphs, charts, and other illustrations should be included. Original Map- 10 points Essay- 25 points Debate Performance- 15 points OTHER EVIDENCE: • Mental Map Project performance on free response questions; 4 – Innovating: Student accurately interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts thoroughly, supplies appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas successfully. Directions: Students will create a Mental Map of their lives. 1. 2. 3 – Applying: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts sufficiently, supplies appropriately selected and real-world examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas minimally. 3. 4. 2 – Developing: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with minor errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts consistently, and does not synthesize different topical areas. 1 – Beginning: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with some errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply any realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and does not synthesize different topical areas. • • • (10 points) Students will create maps that include their home, MTHS, and ANY other important locations. If the important places are located outside of Monroe Township (other states, other countries, the students should include them as well. a. Provide detail to make the maps accurate in terms of what is important to them, such as the places they eat, work, walk, recreate, etc. b. (DO NOT REFERENCE A STREET MAP TO CREATE YOUR MENTAL MAP.) (5 points) Students will make sure to include a key and design symbols. a. landmarks (prominent points of interest- shop, work, eat, etc.), b. pathways (streets, routes to…), c. districts (Neighborhoods, etc…), d. nodes (meeting places, centers where streets or pathways cross), and e. edges (obvious breaks or boundaries between areas). (5 points) Students will use color, pictures, and words to best represent their perspective on the world they live in. Questions: 1. (3 points) What do you personally consider to be the most important features you drew on your map? Why? 2. (3 points) How long have you lived in the Monroe Township area? How has this affected your mental map? 3. (3 points) How do you get around? Car? Bicycle? Public Transport? Walk? How has this affected your mental map? 4. (3 points) Take a look at a street map of the Monroe Twp, NJ area using google maps or equivalent. When you get there, type in Monroe Township for the city and NJ for the state, then, zoom into the map. How does your mental map compare to the street map? Consider differences in detail, distances, directions, etc… 5. (3 points) What do the differences between the way you think of the Monroe Township area and the way it "actually" is on a street (cartographic) map imply? Unit 1 Assessment: Multiple Choice and Free Response Questions FRQ Examples: 2003 FRQ #2, 2009 FRQ #1 Unit 1: Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives Stage 3 – Learning Plan • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Summary of Key Learning Events and Instruction Read Fouberg, Chapter 1 and Rubenstein Appendix Conduct an inquiry based discussion around PowerPoint Notes/lecture. Kuby, Chapters 1 & 3- “True Maps, False Impressions” and “Tracking AIDS Epidemic in the United States: Diffusion Through Space and Time” Where Children Sleep Photograph Analysis- Student will describe 5 photographs of where children sleep around the world. Students will explain what the images tell us about each child’s life. Students will take a photograph of their own room and share it with the class. Then they will inquire: What impressions would an outsider have of them? Identification of different types of maps/projections using class notes and Goode’s Atlas. The students will complete a survey on what state they would like to live in. They will rank each state from 1-5. After the classes’ data has been collected, the students will create choropleth maps of the findings. Describe the site, situation, and mathematical location of our school. Explore Google Earth technology through Geoguesser Game- https://geoguessr.com/world/play Activity: Matching Informal U.S. Regional Characteristics (New England, Middle Atlantic, Midwest, Deep South, Southwest, Pacific Coast etc.) Name three formal regions that this school is located within and give a reason for each. Do the same for functional and vernacular regions. Activity: What type of Region is it? (Middle East, Bible Belt, Hanford Area, Wash, Caribbean Discuss Current Events: Ebola- Contagious Diffusion http://healthmap.org/ebola/# Video Clips: o The West Wing- Why are we changing maps? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLqC3FNNOaI o Region http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LVXiM_u_UM&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LVXiM_u_UM Globalization Socratic Seminar: The effects of globalization are more evident every day. New places are becoming connected, bringing in new ideas and innovations. However, on the flipside of positive outcomes there is the loss of regionalization to consider. Cite specific evidence to support: Do you think that globalization is a positive or negative force in our world? Be sure to utilize some original examples to support your point of view. Clothing Location Activity: Students will locate 20 items of clothing. Create a list of the type of clothing (shirt, shoes, jeans, belt, etc.) and the country in which it was made. o Create a dot density map that demonstrates where each article of clothing was produced. o Then answer the following questions: 1. From which region(s) of the world did the majority of the clothing come from? 2. 3. 4. 5. o Did the answer surprise you? Why or why not? Did many of the articles of clothing come from the United States? o Did the answer surprise you? Why or why not? What reasons would exist for many articles of clothing to be produced within the region(s) you identified within question 1? Analyze the patterns that appeared on your map and predict if they are likely to change. Support the conclusion with specific evidence. Select one brand of clothing from your list (Nike, Levi's etc.) Research the locations of their: o Headquarters o Store locations o Production centers ESTABLISHED GOALS Common Core RH.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, connecting insights gained from specific details to an understanding of the text as a whole. RH.2-Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary that makes clear the relationships among the key details and ideas. RH.7-Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually, quantitatively, as well as in words) in order to address a question and solve a problem. RH.8-Evaluate an author’s premise, claims, and evidence by corroborating or challenging them with other information. RH.9-Integrate information from diverse sources, both primary and secondary, into a coherent understanding of an idea or event , noting discrepancies among sources. WHST.1-Write arguments focused on disciplinespecific. WHST.2-Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments, or technical processes. Unit 2: Population and Migration Stage 1 Desired Results Transfer Students will be able to independently use their learning to… • Use and analyze maps and spatial data sets. • Understand and interpret the implications of associations among phenomena in place. • Recognize and interpret at different scales the relationship among patterns and processes. • Define regions and evaluate the regionalization process. • Characterize and analyze changing interconnections among places. Meaning UNDERSTANDINGS ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Students will understand that… • Where in the world do people live and • Knowledge of the geographic patterns why? Why do populations rise and fall and characteristics of human in particular places? populations facilitates understanding of • Why does population composition cultural, political, economic, and urban matter? systems. • How does the geography of health • Populations grow and decline over time influence population dynamics? and space. • How do governments affect population • Causes and consequences of migration change? are influenced by cultural demographic, • What is migration? Why do people economic, environmental, and political migrate? factors. • Where do People Migrate? • How do governments affect migration? Students will know… • Age-Sex Diagram • Carrying capacity • Crude Birth Rate • Crude Death Rate • Demographic equation • Demographic momentum • Demographic regions Acquisition Students will be skilled at… • Analyzing population pyramids. • Identifying the phases of the demographic transition model. • Describing the various population problems around the world. • Explaining the push and pull factors of migration. WHST.6-Use technology to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.7-Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. NJCCCS 6.1.12.C.8.a -Analyze the push-pull factors that led to the Great Migration. 6.1.12.A.13.c- Determine the extent to which changes in national policy after 1965 impacted immigration to New Jersey and the United States. 6.1.12.B.14.a-Determine the impact of recent immigration and migration patterns in New Jersey and the United States on demographic, social, economic, and political issues. 6.2.12.B.5.c- Determine the impact of migration on the way of life (e.g., social, economic, and political structures) in countries of origin and in adopted countries. 6.2.12.D.5.d-Analyze how feminist movements and social conditions have affected the lives of women in different parts of the world, and • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Demographic Transition model Dependency ratio Diffusion of fertility control (birth control) Disease diffusion Doubling time Ecumene Epidemiological Transition model Gendered space Infant mortality rate Malthus, Thomas Megalopolis Mortality Natality Neo-Malthusian Overpopulation Population densities Arithmetic Physiologic Population distributions Population explosion Population projection Population pyramid Rate of natural increase- Equation Sex/Gender ratio Standard of living Total Fertility Rate Underpopulation Vectored-Non-vectored Disease Zero population growth Activity space Chain migration Cyclic movement Distance decay Forced migration Gravity model Internal migration Intervening opportunity • Evaluating the migration policies established by governments. evaluate women’s progress toward social equality, economic equality, and political equality in various countries. 6.2.12.B.6.a - Determine the global impact of increased population growth, migration, and changes in urban-rural populations on natural resources and land use. 6.2.12.C.6.d- Determine how the availability of scientific, technological, and medical advances impacts the quality of life in different countries. Evaluative Criteria Suggested Performance Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on lesson assessments; 4 – Innovating: Student was able to apply knowledge learned during unit, worked independently or collaboratively with group members, and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated application, innovation, and higher leveled thinking. 3 – Applying: Student worked independently or collaboratively with group members and showed effort. All steps of the assignment • • • • • • • • • • • • • Migration patterns Intercontinental Interregional Rural-urban Periodic movement Push-pull factors Ravenstein- Laws of Migration Refugee Step migration Transhumance US Immigration Waves US Immigration Policies Voluntary Migration Unit 2: Population and Migration Stage 2 - Evidence Assessment Evidence PERFORMANCE TASK(S): Population Public Service Announcement Directions: Students will create a public service announcement using IMovie for a country in the world. Students will identify the population issues the country is experiencing and offer a possible solution/s to the problems cited. Resources: http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2014/2014-world-population-data-sheet.aspx Facts on File Database: World Geography and Culture Online Requirements: demonstrated student could apply new knowledge. 2 – Developing: Student was able to work individually or collaboratively most of the time, and showed some effort. The steps in the assignment demonstrated student could apply most of the knowledge learned throughout unit. 1 – Beginning: Student was only able to apply new knowledge learned during unit with assistance. Student had difficulty working independently or collaboratively with others and did not work to best of ability. Suggested Free Response Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on free response questions; 4 – Innovating: Student accurately interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts thoroughly, supplies appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas successfully. 3 – Applying: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts sufficiently, supplies appropriately selected and real-world examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas minimally. • • • • • • • Identify Problems (30 points) Plan of Action (20 points) o Slogan Statistics: (Can be visually or verbally identified) (20 points) CDR CBR TFR RNI Gross Domestic Product (per person) Infant Mortality Rate Emigration Immigration 7 Photographs (7 points) 3 Graphs/Maps (3 points) Creativity (Music etc.) (10 points) Works Cited- Formal (10 points) OTHER EVIDENCE: • Unit 2 Assessment- Multiple Choice and Free Response Questions • FRQ Examples: • 2003 FRQ #3, 2004 FRQ #3, 2005 FRQ #2, 2006 FRQ #1, 2008 FRQ # 2, #3, 2010 FRQ #3, 2012 FRQ #3, 2013 FRQ #2 2 – Developing: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with minor errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts consistently, and does not synthesize different topical areas. 1 – Beginning: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with some errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply any realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and does not synthesize different topical areas. • • • • • • • • • • • • Unit 2: Population and Migration Stage 3 – Learning Plan Summary of Key Learning Events and Instruction Read Fouberg, Chapters 2 & 3 Conduct an inquiry based discussion around PowerPoint Notes/lecture. Kuby, Chapters 4 & 5- “Newton’s First Law of Migration: The Gravity Model” and “The Hidden Momentum of Population Growth (India) Complete Global Trends Quiz and discuss some of the topics that will be studied this unit- http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/earth/globaltrends-quiz.html IPAD Activity: Population Pyramids- http://populationpyramid.net/ • Describe the changes (ages, gender) in the population pyramids of the world, USA, and 5 other countries. (Choose from different regions) Use the pyramids from 1950, 2010, 2100. What could account for these changes? Demographic Transition Model Activity- Identify what stage of the demographic transition is being described. (worksheet) Explain. Population Matching Game: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/earth/demographic-data.html View PBS World in the Balance : The People Paradox- Complete Question Worksheet Read Article: “One Child Policy is One Big Problem.” Discuss. http://www.newsweek.com/2014/01/24/one-child-policy-one-big-problemchina-245118.html Read and annotate "The New Population Bomb: The Four Megatrends That will Change the World." Read and Discuss Jonathan Swift’s a Modest Proposal Name an economic, social, and environmental “push” factor (three in all) that would make one migrate, and explain each one. Complete this • • • task for three “pull” factors. Demonstrate an understanding of the difference between mobility and migration. Activity: Exploring Modern Human Migrations – Jigsaw Groups on Migration Readings, Create Key Note and Present Findings Discuss Current Event: Children at the Border http://www.cbsnews.com/news/whos-to-blame-for-the-flood-of-children-at-the-u-smexico-border/ Video Clips: o Population Pyramids: Powerful Predictors of the Future- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLmKfXwWQtE o How 7 Billion Occurs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcSX4ytEfcE o 200 Countries 200 Years- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo o Do It for Denmark- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrO3TfJc9Qw o Deport the Statue Video - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydXSJPFeiwY ESTABLISHED GOALS Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes Stage 1 Desired Results Common Core RH.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, connecting insights gained from specific details to an understanding of the text as a whole. RH.2-Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary that makes clear the relationships among the key details and ideas. RH.7-Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually, quantitatively, as well as in words) in order to address a question and solve a problem. Transfer Students will be able to independently use their learning to… • Use and analyze maps and spatial data sets. • Understand and interpret the implications of associations among phenomena in place. • Recognize and interpret at different scales the relationship among patterns and processes. • Define regions and evaluate the regionalization process. • Characterize and analyze changing interconnections among places. UNDERSTANDINGS Students will understand that… • Concepts of culture frame the shared behaviors of a society. • Culture varies by place and region. RH.8-Evaluate an author’s premise, claims, and evidence by corroborating or challenging them with other information. RH.9-Integrate information from diverse sources, both primary and secondary, into a coherent understanding of an idea or event , noting discrepancies among sources. WHST.1-Write arguments focused on disciplinespecific. WHST.2-Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments, or technical processes. Students will know… • Acculturation • Assimilation • Commodification • Cultural adaptation • Cultural Appropriation • Cultural core/periphery pattern Meaning ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • Where are folk and popular leisure activities distributed? • How is popular culture diffused? • Why is access to folk culture and popular culture unequal? • What is identity and how are identities constructed? • How do places affect identity, and how can we see identities in places? • Why do conflicts arise among ethnicities? Why do ethnicities engage in ethnic cleansing and genocide? • How Does Geography Reflect and Shape Power Relationships Among Groups of People? Acquisition Students will be skilled at… • Explaining the difference between folk and popular culture. • Describing regional variations in popular food preferences. • Defining race and ethnicity. • Identifying the causes and aftermath of WHST.6-Use technology to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.7-Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. NJCCCS 6.1.12.D.5.d - Relate varying immigrants’ experiences to gender, race, ethnicity, or occupation. 6.1.12.A.12.c -Explain how the Arab-Israeli conflict influenced American foreign policy. 6.1.12.D.14.e- Evaluate the role of religion on cultural and social mores, public opinion, and political decisions. 6.1.12.D.14.f- Determine the influence of multicultural beliefs, products (i.e., art, food, music, and literature), and practices in shaping contemporary American culture. 6.1.12.D.15.c- Explain how and why religious tensions and historic differences in the Middle East have led to international conflicts, and analyze the effectiveness of United States policy • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Core/Domain/Sphere (Kuby) Cultural Landscape- (Unit 1) Landscape Homogeneity Culture (Unit 1) Culture Region (Unit 1) Formal Functional Vernacular Cultural Relativism Custom Diffusion types (Unit 1) Expansion- hierarchical, contagious, stimulus Relocation Field Work Globalization (Unit 1) Habit Innovation Adoption Maladaptive Diffusion Material Culture Nonmaterial Culture Placelessness Adaptive Strategies Built environment Folk culture o Folk housing o Folk songs Food attractions/Food taboos Popular Culture Popular Housing o Bungalow o Ranch o Split-Level o Minimal Traditional o Neo-Tudor o Neo-Colonial o Single vs. Double Pile • • • • • • • • several 20th century ethnic conflicts. Researching the issues and concerns of women in the 21st century. Summarzing the experiences of Sudanese refugees that resettled in the United States. Identifying language families and how they are distributed across the earth. Debating if English will be the lingua Franca in 2100. Describing the role of places of worship in various religions, why places are sacred in universalizing religions, and the ways in which the landscape is used in religious significant ways. Classifying toponyms. Identifying the distribution of the major religions, including their branches, and the distribution of ethnic religions. Summarizing the basic tenets of the major world religions. and actions in bringing peaceful resolutions to the region. 6.1.12.D.16.a- Analyze the impact of American culture on other world cultures from multiple perspectives. 6.2.12.D.3.d - Analyze the extent to which racism was both a cause and consequence of imperialism, and evaluate the impact of imperialism from multiple perspectives. 6.2.12.A.4.c - Analyze the motivations, causes, and consequences of the genocides of Armenians, Roma (gypsies), and Jews, as well as the mass exterminations of Ukrainians and Chinese. 6.2.12.A.4.d - Assess government responses to incidents of ethnic cleansing and genocide. 6.2.12.A.5.d- Analyze the causes and consequences of mass killings (e.g., Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Somalia, Sudan), and evaluate the responsibilities of the world community in response to such events. 6.2.12.A.5.e- Assess the progress of human and civil rights around the world since the 1948 U.N. Declaration of Human Rights. 6.2.12.D.5.c- Assess the influence of television, the Internet, and other forms of electronic communication on the creation and diffusion of cultural and political information, worldwide. 6.2.12.D.6.a- Assess the role of increased personal and business electronic • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Barrio Chain Migration (Unit 2) Enfranchisement Ethnic Cleansing Ethnic Conflict- Examples Ethnic enclave Ethnic Groups in U.S.- Majority Ethnic Neighborhoods Ethnicity Ethnocentrism Gender Gender Gap Gendered Spaces Ghetto Nationality Nationalism Power Relationships Queer Theory Race-Categories Racism Segregation- Examples Creole Dialect Indo-European languages Isogloss Language Language family Language group Language Laws Language subfamily Lingua franca Monolingual/multilingual Official language Pidgin Proto-Indo European Origins Standard Language Toponymy- Types communications in creating a “global” culture, and evaluate the impact on traditional cultures and values. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Animism Buddhism Christianity Confucianism Ethnic religion Exclave/enclave Fundamentalism Geomancy (feng shui) Hadj Hinduism Interfaith boundaries Islam Jainism Judaism Landscapes of the dead Monotheism/polytheism Mormonism Muslim pilgrimage Proselytic religion Reincarnation Religion (groups, places, diffusion) Religious architectural styles Religious conflict Sacred space Secularism Shamanism Sharia law Shintoism Sikhism Sunni/Shia Syncretism Taoism Theocracy Universalizing Religion Zoroastrainism Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes Stage 2 - Evidence Evaluative Criteria Suggested Performance Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on lesson assessments; 4 – Innovating: Student was able to apply knowledge learned during unit, worked independently or collaboratively with group members, and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated application, innovation, and higher leveled thinking. 3 – Applying: Student worked independently or collaboratively with group members and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated student could apply new knowledge. 2 – Developing: Student was able to work individually or collaboratively most of the time, and showed some effort. The steps in the assignment demonstrated student could apply most of the knowledge learned throughout unit. 1 – Beginning: Student was only able to apply new knowledge learned during unit with assistance. Student had difficulty working independently or collaboratively with others and did not work to best of ability. Assessment Evidence PERFORMANCE TASK(S): How to Become a “Windshield Geographer” The Local Cultural Landscape Believe it or not, most people never associate the cultural aspects of the local landscape of their communities with geography. Surprisingly, one’s local cultural landscape is the most accessible of all geography. As teachers and students of geography, we must seize these opportunities to become better geographers and promote not only the field of geography but also an awareness of our own geographic surroundings. Once the awareness is made, students of geography can learn to analyze all that is around them. After completing this lesson, the students should become “windshield geographers.” INSTRUCTIONS 1. Students will work in groups agreed upon in class. *Make sure that among the group members they have access to a car, computer, camera and the internet. 2. Field Work - Drive and walk around Monroe Township/Jamesburg. • Observe the material culture: housing types, signs, sign names, religious sites, businesses, business names, restaurants (ethnic food), schools, school names, monuments, parks and other evidence. Use these and other elements to identify the various culture(s) and cultural imprints on Monroe Township/Jamesburg. • Take photos, shoot video, which both typify and show what you find. ALSO – do the same for possible anomalies (weird out of place things) in the cultural landscape. 3. Imovie/Prezi - The group will photograph evidence on the landscape. • The group should take at least 25 photos that represent the cultural landscape. • Create a video which includes the representation of the landscape you are observing. • Each photo or a group of photos on a slide MUST HAVE A CAPTION or minimal text which fully explains the information you are trying to convey. Remember to keep text on slides to a minimum! 4. Oral Interview – Each member of the group needs to interview AT LEAST ONE local resident(s). (30 seconds each) • Ask how the cultural landscape of where they live has changed since the time they moved to or have been living there? If the person interviewed has emigrated from somewhere to our local 5. Suggested Performance Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on debate assessments; 4 – Innovating: Student was able to present their stance. Their position was stated clearly and effectively. The facts were backed up and clearly argued. 3 – Applying: Student was able to present their stance and the position taken was clear. The facts were presented but not backed up. 2 – Developing: Student did not clearly present their stance. Some points were made but may not be relevant to the stance. Some points are factual. 1 – Beginning: Student did not present their stance. No points were made or all points were based on opinion, not fact. Suggested Free Response Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on free response questions; 4 – Innovating: Student accurately interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts thoroughly, supplies appropriately selected and well-explained real- 6. area, ask them how this new cultural landscape differs from that of where they moved from? Try to interview someone who lives in an area that has been identified and documented as part of this project. • Include the findings of the interview in the presentation throughout or at the end. Reflection paper - Each group member will write a minimum 1-2 page typed response that summarizes the impressions of the local cultural landscape. • For example, areas that students have never been to before, what surprised them, what was interesting, etc… For places they have been to before, discuss aspects of the landscape they never noticed before. • Students will explain what was learned from the person they interviewed. Finally, the group will create an Imovie or Prezi. OTHER EVIDENCE: • Unit 3 Assessment- Multiple Choice and Free Response Questions • FRQ Examples: • 2002 FRQ #2, #3, 2007 FRQ #2, 2009 FRQ #1, • Lingua Franca Debate Position: English will remain as the lingua franca by 2100. Directions: The class will be divided into two teams and will debate for or against the position above. 1. 2. 3. 4. Each team will research an assigned position: The ENGLISH team will argue that English will remain the global lingua franca by 2100. The NOT ENGLISH team will argue that English will be replaced by another language as the global lingua franca. About 2/3 of the team will research the assigned position and about 1/3 of the team should research the opponents’ positions for the debate. Use a table on the handout to record the data. The debate will be POINT/COUNTERPOINT debate format. That is, one team will go first and have 45 seconds to make a point. The opposing team will then have 30 seconds to rebut those points. Then, that team gets to make their point for 45 seconds and the first team will then rebut. world examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas successfully. 3 – Applying: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts sufficiently, supplies appropriately selected and real-world examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas minimally. 2 – Developing: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with minor errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts consistently, and does not synthesize different topical areas. 1 – Beginning: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with some errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply any realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and does not synthesize different topical areas. Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes Stage 3 – Learning Plan • • • Summary of Key Learning Events and Instruction Read Fouberg, Chapters 4 – 7 Conduct an inquiry based discussion around PowerPoint Notes/lecture. Kuby Activities, Chapter 2- Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales and Chapter 12- Do Orange and Green Clash? Residential Segregation in Northern Ireland • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Read Nacirema Article and Discuss perceptions of other cultures Read Origins of Soccer Article Analyze different housing styles- http://architecture.about.com/od/periodsstyles/ig/House-Styles/index.htm#step-heading View PBS- Hot Dog Program and complete video guide. Discuss regional variations on sports, tooth fairy, mischief night etc. Activity: http://www.greatmirror.com/index.cfm Visit the website and explore the Spin the Globe 8 random places link; Identify the location and describe the images that you saw. Ethnic food journal - Attend Multicultural Thanksgiving or Eat at an ethnic food that you have never tried before o Reflection: o What food did you try for the first time? Describe it. o What were your expectations? o What were your hesitations about trying it before this? o Would you eat it again? Ethnic Conflicts Webquest: Darfur; Rwanda; Yugoslavia; Iraq: Kurds; Cambodia; Armenia Identify Platform Concerns of UNDP Fourth Conference for Women: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/ Divide class into 4 groups and collect information on one topic using The World’s Women 2010: Trends and Statistics report and Present Findings Nigerian Girls Kidnapped Article- http://www.cbsnews.com/news/still-no-trace-of-200-kidnapped-girls-in-nigeria/ Malala Article - http://onforb.es/1v3TofP View Video: “The Lost Boys of Sudan” and respond to journal prompts. Read NY Times Origins of Language Article: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/science/indo-european-languages-originated-inanatolia-analysis-suggests.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Analyze Language Family Maps http://www.freelang.net/families/index.php View Scenes- Star Trek: The Next Generation- Discuss the importance of language to one’s culture and respective understanding. Classify NJ Toponyms into the appropriate categories. History of Religion Infographic- http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/history-of-religion.html Activity: Selectsmart Religion exercise- Inquire: Were the findings surprising? http://www.selectsmart.com/RELIGION/ Religion Webquest and Share Information on your assigned religion through a Speed Dating format. Research a Sacred Site and Answer the following: o How did it become a sacred site? Why is it a sacred site? o What is its religious significance? Why is it important to the religion? o Are there any requirements for visiting the site? o Is there controversy surrounding the site? Why or why not? o How does the site affect the economy of the local area? Does it benefit the community? o The major world religions seem to share many beliefs. In every day practice, however, some of those religions appear to be in great conflict. • Students will work in groups to conduct research on one of the following conflicts: o o o o o o o o o • • Arab/Israeli in the Middle East Taliban/less conservative Muslim/Western supporters in Afghanistan Muslim/Sikh/Hindu in Kashmir Catholic/Protestant in Northern Ireland Fundamental Christian/Chinese Communist in China Fundamentalist Muslim/ Coptic /Egyptian government in Egypt Tibetan Buddhists/Chinese government in Tibet Hindu Tamil/Sinhalese Buddhist in Sri Lanka Muslims/Christians in Eastern Europe Read Current Events Article on Israel and Palestine and Discuss Video Clips: o Explaining the Amish Way of Life- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAgSCTdnrhk o UNDP Fourth Conference for Women- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFmP94NQ4jc o History of English in 10 minutes - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JojjsE6Ox0&feature=player_detailpage ESTABLISHED GOALS Unit 4: Political Organization of Space Stage 1 Desired Results Common Core RH.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, connecting insights gained from specific details to an understanding of the text as a whole. RH.2-Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary that makes clear the relationships among the key details and ideas. RH.7-Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually, quantitatively, as well as in words) in order to address a question and solve a problem. RH.8-Evaluate an author’s premise, claims, and evidence by corroborating or challenging them with other information. RH.9-Integrate information from diverse sources, both primary and secondary, into a coherent understanding of an idea or event , noting discrepancies among sources. WHST.1-Write arguments focused on disciplinespecific. WHST.2-Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments, or technical processes. Transfer Students will be able to independently use their learning to… • Use and analyze maps and spatial data sets. • Understand and interpret the implications of associations among phenomena in place. • Recognize and interpret at different scales the relationship among patterns and processes. • Define regions and evaluate the regionalization process. • Characterize and analyze changing interconnections among places. Meaning UNDERSTANDINGS ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Students will understand that… • The contemporary political map has • Where are states distributed? been shaped by events of the past. • Why are nation-states difficult to • Spatial political patterns reflect ideas of create? territoriality and power at a variety of • Why do boundaries cause problems? scales. • Why do states compete with each other? • The forces of globalization challenge contemporary political-territorial arrangements. Acquisition Students will know… Students will be skilled at… • Annexation • Describing how space is politically organized into states and nations. • Antarctica • Identifying the difference between state, • Benelux nation, and nation-state. • Border landscape • Discussing current political disputes. • Boundary, disputes (definitional, • Explaining the concept of locational, operational, allocational) gerrymandering and three ways that it • Boundary, origin (antecedent, is done. subsequent, superimposed, relic) • Defining Unitary and Federal States. • Boundary, process (definition, • Researching Devolutionary Movements. delimitation, demarcation) • Identifying the Types of Boundaries and • Boundary, type (natural/physical, Shapes of States with examples. ethnographic/cultural, geometric) WHST.6-Use technology to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.7-Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. NJCCCS 6.1.12.D.11.e- Explain how World War II and the Holocaust led to the creation of international organizations (i.e., the United Nations) to protect human rights, and describe the subsequent impact of these organizations. 6.1.12.A.12.c -Explain how the Arab-Israeli conflict influenced American foreign policy. 6.1.12.D.12.a -Analyze the impact of American governmental policies on independence movements in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. 6.1.12.A.14.e- Evaluate the effectiveness and fairness of the process by which national, state, and local officials are elected and vote on issues of public concern. 6.1.12.A.15.a-Analyze the factors that led to the fall of communism in Eastern European • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Buffer state Capitalism Centrifugal Centripetal City-state Colonialism Confederation Conference of Berlin (1884) Core/periphery Decolonization Devolution - Examples EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) Electoral Geography Enclave/exclave European Union Federal Frontier Geopolitics Gerrymander Heartland/Rimland Irredentism Israel/Palestine Landlocked Law of the Sea Mackinder, Halford J. Median-line principle Microstate Nation-state NAFTA Organic Theory Peace of Westphalia Reapportionment Religious conflict Reunification Robinson, KW Satellite state Self-determination Shatterbelt • • Applying the concepts of centrifugal and centripetal forces at the national scale. Describing supranationalism, and the future of the state. countries and the Soviet Union, and determine how the fall influenced the global power structure. • • • • • • 6.1.12.A.15.e- Analyze the impact of United States support for the policies and actions of the United Nations and other international organizations. • • • • 6.1.12.A.15.c- Evaluate the role of diplomacy in developing peaceful relations, alliances, and global agreements with other nations. 6.1.12.D.15.c- Explain how and why religious tensions and historic differences in the Middle East have led to international conflicts, and analyze the effectiveness of United States policy and actions in bringing peaceful resolutions to the region. 6.1.12.D.15.d- Analyze the reasons for terrorism and the impact that terrorism has had on individuals and government policies, and assess the effectiveness of actions taken by the United States and other nations to prevent terrorism. 6.2.12.B.1.a- Explain major changes in world political boundaries between 1450 and 1770, and assess the extent of European political and military control in Africa, Asia, and the Americas by the mid-18th century. 6.2.12.B.3.a- Assess the impact of imperialism by comparing and contrasting the political boundaries of the world in 1815 and 1914. 6.2.12.B.4.a - Determine the geographic impact of World War I by comparing and contrasting the political boundaries of the world in 1914 and • • • Sovereignty State Stateless nation Supranationalism- Examples Territorial disputes Territorial morphology (compact, fragmented, elongated, prorupt, perforated) Territoriality Theocracy Truman Proclamation UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)- I, II, III Unitary USSR collapse World Systems Theory 1939. 6.2.12.B.4.d - Explain the intended and unintended consequences of new national boundaries established by the treaties that ended World War II. 6.2.12.A.5.b- Analyze the structure and goals of the United Nations and evaluate the organization’s ability to solve or mediate international conflicts. 6.2.12.B.5.b- Analyze the reasons for the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, and evaluate the impact of these events on changing national boundaries in Eastern Europe and Asia 6.2.12.B.5.d- Analyze post-independence struggles in South Asia, including the struggle over the partitioning of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan, as well as later tensions over Kashmir. 6.2.12.B.5.e- Assess the role of boundary disputes and limited natural resources as sources of conflict. 6.2.12.C.5.f- Assess the impact of the European Union on member nations and other nations. 6.2.12.A.6.a - Evaluate the role of international cooperation and multinational organizations in attempting to solve global issues. 6.2.12.A.6.b - Analyze the relationships and tensions between national sovereignty and global interest in matters such as territory, economic development, use of natural resources, and human rights. 6.2.12.A.6.d- Assess the effectiveness of responses by governments and international organizations to tensions resulting from ethnic, territorial, religious, and/or nationalist differences. 6.3.12.D.2- Analyze a current foreign policy issue by considering current and historical perspectives, examining strategies, and presenting possible actions. Unit 4: Political Organization of Space Stage 2 - Evidence Evaluative Criteria Suggested Performance Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on lesson assessments; 4 – Innovating: Student was able to apply knowledge learned during unit, worked independently or collaboratively with group members, and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated application, innovation, and higher leveled thinking. 3 – Applying: Student worked independently or collaboratively with group members and showed effort. All steps of the assignment Assessment Evidence PERFORMANCE TASK(S): Devolution Movements Directions: Students will research one of the Devolution movements below and create a written analysis of the history and current status of the movements. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Basque Galicia Corsica Sardinia Scotland Wales Catalonia demonstrated student could apply new knowledge. 2 – Developing: Student was able to work individually or collaboratively most of the time, and showed some effort. The steps in the assignment demonstrated student could apply most of the knowledge learned throughout unit. 1 – Beginning: Student was only able to apply new knowledge learned during unit with assistance. Student had difficulty working independently or collaboratively with others and did not work to best of ability. Suggested Free Response Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on free response questions; 4 – Innovating: Student accurately interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts thoroughly, supplies appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas successfully. 3 – Applying: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts sufficiently, supplies appropriately selected and real-world examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas minimally. 2 – Developing: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Kaliningrad South Tyrol Upper Silesia Trans-Dniester Northern Cyprus Padania Vojvodina/Montenegro/Kosovo Requirements: MLA Format 2 Typed Pages Works Cited Map OTHER EVIDENCE: • Unit 4 Assessment- Multiple Choice and Free Response Questions • FRQ Examples• 2002 FRQ #1, 2005 FRQ #1, 2006 FRQ #3, 2010 FRQ #2, 2012 FRQ #1, 2014 FRQ #2 • Arab Spring Project• The students will select a medium to present their findings about the current changes within many Arab and North African nations regarding modernization. Students should select a presentation format that allows for the inclusion of audio clips (either spoken by the student or news reports), images of the change, analysis of the methods used and explanation of the catalyst for change. diagrams with minor errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts consistently, and does not synthesize different topical areas. 1 – Beginning: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with some errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply any realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and does not synthesize different topical areas. Unit 4: Political Organization of Space Stage 3 – Learning Plan • • • • • • • • • • Summary of Key Learning Events and Instruction Read Fouberg, Chapter 8 Kuby Activities, Chapters 13- Breaking up is Hard to do: Nations, States, and Nation-States Conduct an inquiry based discussion around PowerPoint Notes/lecture. Video Clips: o How many countries are there?- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AivEQmfPpk&feature=c4-overviewvl&list=PLqs5ohhass_QZtSkX06DmWOaEaadwmw_D o Jon Stewart on Gerrymandering- http://thedailyshow.cc.com/videos/0adjfq/american-horrible-story---gerrymandering o Video EU explained: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O37yJBFRrfg Discuss Current Events: Hong Kong’s Umbrella Revolution http://op-talk.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/10/02/is-hong-kongs-umbrellarevolution-a-new-tiananmen/?_r=0 and http://news.yahoo.com/katie-couric-now-i-get-it-umbrella-revolution-175949877.html Read Article on Ukraine and summarize- http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26387353 View Border Changes of Europe and Discuss some of the major changes- http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1i1e6h_watch-as-1000years-of-european-borders-change-timelapse-map_travel Activity: State, Nation, Nation-State View Map of Caucasus Region and Identify the conflict being described using the internet Create new countries by redrawing the boundaries of countries in Africa. Each group will produce a document proposing the divisions in a group presentation and explain their rationale for the divisions. • • Complete Redistricting Game- www.redistrictinggame.org and analyze gerrymandering. Supranationalism Research: o What is an inter-governmental organization? How do they function as elements of supranationalism? o Which IGO did you choose and what is its stated purpose? o What states are members? o What advantages does membership have for states? o What areas of sovereignty do member states sacrifice in return for membership? o How do you think IGOs will change the nature of states? ESTABLISHED GOALS Unit 5: Agricultural and Rural Land Use Stage 1 Desired Results Common Core RH.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, connecting insights gained from specific details to an understanding of the text as a whole. RH.2-Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary that makes clear the relationships among the key details and ideas. RH.7-Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually, quantitatively, as well as in words) in order to address a question and solve a problem. RH.8-Evaluate an author’s premise, claims, and evidence by corroborating or challenging them with other information. RH.9-Integrate information from diverse sources, both primary and secondary, into a coherent understanding of an idea or event , noting discrepancies among sources. WHST.1-Write arguments focused on disciplinespecific. WHST.2-Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments, or technical processes. Transfer Students will be able to independently use their learning to… • Use and analyze maps and spatial data sets. • Understand and interpret the implications of associations among phenomena in place. • Recognize and interpret at different scales the relationship among patterns and processes. • Define regions and evaluate the regionalization process. • Characterize and analyze changing interconnections among places. Meaning UNDERSTANDINGS ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Students will understand that… • Where did agriculture originate? • The development of agriculture led to • How did agriculture change with widespread alteration of the natural industrialization? environment. • Where does our food come from? • Major agricultural regions reflect physical • What imprint does agriculture make on geography and economic forces. the cultural landscape? • Settlement patterns and rural land use are • Where is agriculture distributed? reflected in the cultural landscape. • Why do farmers face economic • Changes in food production and difficulties? consumption present challenges and opportunities. Acquisition Students will know… Students will be skilled at… • Agribusiness • Describing the origins of agriculture and explaining the theories of Jared • Agricultural location model (von Diamond. Thunen) • Explaining Von Thunen’s Agricultural • Agricultural origins Land Model. • Agriculture • Evaluating the criticisms of the modern • Animal domestication food industry. • Aquaculture • Identifying the land survey systems. • Collective farm • Analyzing agricultural location maps. • Commercial agriculture (intensive, • Identifying the types of agriculture in extensive) developed and developing regions. • Core/periphery WHST.6-Use technology to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.7-Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. NJCCCS 6.1.12.C.12.b - Assess the impact of agricultural innovation on the world economy. 6.2.12.C.3.a -Analyze interrelationships among the “agricultural revolution,” population growth, industrialization, specialization of labor, and patterns of land-holding. 6.2.12.B.6.a - Determine the global impact of increased population growth, migration, and changes in urban-rural populations on natural resources and land use. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Crop rotation Cultivation regions (maps) Dairying Double cropping Economic activity (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary) Environmental modification (pesticides, soil erosion, desertification) Extensive subsistence agriculture (shifting cultivation [slash-and- burn, milpa, swidden], nomadic herding/pastoralism) First agricultural revolution Genetically Modified Organisms Globalized agriculture Green revolution Hunting and gathering Intensive subsistence agriculture Livestock ranching Market gardening Mediterranean agriculture Plant domestication Plantation agriculture Renewable/nonrenewable Rural settlement (dispersed, nucleated, building material, village form) Sauer, Carl O. Second agricultural revolution Specialization Staple grains Survey patterns (long lots, metes and bounds, township-and-range) Sustainable yield Third agricultural revolution (mechanization, chemical farming, food manufacturing) Transhumance Truck farm • Discussing the strategies to increase the world food supply. Unit 5: Agricultural and Rural Land Use Stage 2 - Evidence Evaluative Criteria Suggested Performance Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on lesson assessments; 4 – Innovating: Student was able to apply knowledge learned during unit, worked independently or collaboratively with group members, and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated application, innovation, and higher leveled thinking. 3 – Applying: Student worked independently or collaboratively with group members and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated student could apply new knowledge. 2 – Developing: Student was able to work individually or collaboratively most of the time, and showed some effort. The steps in the assignment demonstrated student could apply most of the knowledge learned throughout unit. 1 – Beginning: Student was only able to apply new knowledge learned during unit with assistance. Student had difficulty working independently or collaboratively with others and did not work to best of ability. Suggested Free Response Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on free response questions; 4 – Innovating: Student accurately interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates Assessment Evidence PERFORMANCE TASK(S): Agriculture Scavenger Hunt Directions: Students will go on a scavenger hunt at a local grocery store and will inquire: “Where does my food come from?” Requirements: 1. Locate at least 20 items (students may do more). Students will identify a variety of items such as vegetables, meat, eggs, dairy, drinks, grains, pasta products, etc. 2. Student will provide evidence about each item: a. What country is it from? b. How many miles/kilometers did it travel? c. What labels do you see like “wild caught,” “artificially flavored,” “naturally flavored,” “farm-raised,” “free range, “grain-fed”, “organic,” “cage-free,” and so on? What does each of these labels mean? d. What labeling is there (if any) about allergens or other products being processed in the same facility? Why are these labeled like this? e. Did you see any evidence on the packaging about the foods being GMO or GMF? If so, how or what? f. What food item(s) traveled the farthest and shortest distances? If it is a local item, describe how you got it. 3. Create a map of the origins of the food (color a world map – color states in the US on the map) 4. Choose at least 10 items and take photographs of the food packaging labels. 5. For 2 of the food items (Students will choose the ones which traveled the longest and shortest distances) and make educated guesses about the geographic processes involved in growing, processing and transporting of these items. Write a short paragraph about each item and applying the principles of von Thünen in your writing. 6. Students will use the research to create either a Powerpoint, Prezi or IMovie. OTHER EVIDENCE: • Unit 5 Test- Multiple Choice and Free Response Questions • FRQ Examples: • 2001 FRQ #1, 2004 FRQ #2, 2007 FRQ #1, 2008 FRQ #1, 2009 FRQ #3, 2012 FRQ #2, 2014 FRQ #3, geographical concepts thoroughly, supplies appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas successfully. 3 – Applying: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts sufficiently, supplies appropriately selected and real-world examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas minimally. 2 – Developing: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with minor errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts consistently, and does not synthesize different topical areas. 1 – Beginning: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with some errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply any realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and does not synthesize different topical areas. Unit 5: Agricultural and Rural Land Use Stage 3 – Learning Plan • • Summary of Key Learning Events and Instruction Read Fouberg, Chapter 10 Kuby Activities, Chapters 8- Food for Thought: The Globalization of Agriculture • • • • • • • • • • Conduct an inquiry based discussion around PowerPoint Notes/lecture. Video Clips: o Chipotle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMfSGt6rHos o Von Thunen in Minecraft - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41SZPsQDhfA o Land Survey Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f-OEAKHhC8 o Meatrix- http://www.themeatrix.com/ o Jamie Oliver- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKwL5G5HbGA Read and Discuss Jared Diamond Article- “Worst Mistake of Human Race” View Excerpts from documentary Guns, Germs, and Steel and discuss View Food Inc. and complete video guide Research 5 crops/livestock and identify their U.S. and world locations. In groups, students will match up crops and livestock with U.S. dot density maps. View photographs of different types of agriculture and identify if it is shifting agriculture, intensive subsistence agriculture, Mediterranean agriculture, pastoral nomadism, livestock ranching, grain, mixed crop and livestock or commercial gardening. Analyze photographs from Hungry Planet and Summarize http://time.com/8515/hungry-planet-what-the-world-eats/ Read Assigned National Geographic Article and Summarize http://www.nationalgeographic.com/foodfeatures/feeding-9-billion/ 1. A Five Step Plan to Feed the World- Where will we find enough food for 9 billion? 2. Aquaculture- Can the “blue revolution” solve the world’s food puzzle? 3. The Next Breadbasket- Can Africa’s fertile farmland feed the world? 4. The New Face of Hunger- Why are people malnourished in the richest country on Earth 5. Evolution of Diet- Could eating like our ancestors make us healthier? 6. The Next Green Revolution- Science prevented the last food crisis. Can it save us again? 7. Carnivore’s Dilemma- Is America’s appetite for meat bad for the planet? Host a Socratic Seminar on National Geographic Article. ESTABLISHED GOALS Unit 6: Industrialization and Economic Development Stage 1 Desired Results Common Core RH.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, connecting insights gained from specific details to an understanding of the text as a whole. RH.2-Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary that makes clear the relationships among the key details and ideas. RH.7-Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually, quantitatively, as well as in words) in order to address a question and solve a problem. RH.8-Evaluate an author’s premise, claims, and evidence by corroborating or challenging them with other information. RH.9-Integrate information from diverse sources, both primary and secondary, into a coherent understanding of an idea or event , noting discrepancies among sources. WHST.1-Write arguments focused on disciplinespecific. WHST.2-Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments, or technical processes. Transfer Students will be able to independently use their learning to… • Use and analyze maps and spatial data sets. • Understand and interpret the implications of associations among phenomena in place. • Recognize and interpret at different scales the relationship among patterns and processes. • Define regions and evaluate the regionalization process. • Characterize and analyze changing interconnections among places. Meaning UNDERSTANDINGS ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Students will understand that… • How is development defined and measured? How does geographical • The Industrial Revolution, as it diffused situation affect development? from its hearth, facilitated improvements in standards of living. • What are the barriers to and the costs of economic development? • Measures of development are used to understand patterns of social and economic • How do political and economic differences at a variety of scales. institutions influence uneven development within states? • Development is a process that varies across space and time. • Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and how did it diffuse? • Sustainable development is a strategy to address resource depletion and • How have the character and geography environmental degradation. of industrial production changed? • How have deindustrialization and the rise of service industries altered global economic activity? Students will know… • Core-Periphery Model • Dependency Theory • Development • Foreign Direct Investment • Gender Inequality Index • Gini Coefficient- income disparity Acquisition Students will be skilled at… • Defining the indicators of development including Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Income, Literacy, % Agricultural Workers etc. • Describing the difference between more developed countries and less developed countries. WHST.6-Use technology to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.7-Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. NJCCCS 6.1.12.C.5.a- Analyze the economic practices of corporations and monopolies regarding the production and marketing of goods, and determine the positive or negative impact of these practices on individuals and the nation and the need for government regulations. 6.1.12.B.6.a- Determine the role geography played in gaining access to raw materials and finding new global markets to promote trade. 6.1.12.C.9.b- Explain how economic indicators (i.e., gross domestic product, the consumer index, the national debt, and the trade deficit) are used to evaluate the health of the economy. 6.1.12.C.14.d-Relate the changing manufacturing, service, science, and technology industries and educational opportunities to the economy and social dynamics in New Jersey. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Gross Domestic Product Gross National Product Gross National Income Hans Rosling Human Development Index Less Developed Country Levels of Development Measures of Development More Developed Country Neocolonialism Newly Industrialized Country NGO Purchasing Power Parity Rostow, W.W. o “Stages of Growth Model Structuralist Model Third World World System Theory Agglomeration Assembly line production/Fordism Bid Rent Theory Break of Bulk Point Commodity Chain Deglomeration Deindustrialization Economic Sectors Entrepot Fixed Costs Footloose industry Four Tigers Growth poles Industrial Location Theory Industrial Regions (place, fuel source, characteristics) Industrial Revolution Industry (receding, growing) • • • • • • Comparing Rostow’s Development Model and Wallerstein’s Core-Periphery Model. Explaining the maquiladora system. Using Weber’s Least Cost Theory (transportation costs, agglomeration, and labor costs) to determine industrial location. Identifying weight-gaining and weightreducing industries. Explaining major world regions of industrialization including the “Asian Tigers” Evaluating different types of transportation. 6.1.12.A.15.f- Evaluate the effectiveness of United States policies and actions in supporting the economic and democratic growth of developing nations. 6.1.12.D.15.a- Compare United Nations policies and goals (i.e., the International Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Millennium Development Goals) intended to promote human rights and prevent the violation of human rights with actions taken by the United States. 6.1.12.B.16.a- Explain why natural resources (i.e., fossil fuels, food, and water) continue to be a source of conflict, and analyze how the United States and other nations have addressed issues concerning the distribution and sustainability of natural resources. 6.1.12.C.16.c- Assess the impact of international trade, global business organizations, and overseas competition on the United States economy and workforce. 6.2.12.C.3.b- Analyze interrelationships among the Industrial Revolution, nationalism, competition for global markets, imperialism, and natural resources. 6.2.12.C.5.d- Determine the challenges faced by developing nations in their efforts to compete in a global economy. 6.2.12.D.5.a-Relate the lingering effects of colonialism to the efforts of Latin American, African, and Asian nations to build stable economies and national identities. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Least-Cost Location Major Manufacturing Regions Manufacturing/warehouse location (industrial parks, agglomeration, shared services, zoning, transportation, taxes, environmental considerations) Maquiladora NAFTA Outsourcing Plant Location (supplies, “just in time” delivery Postindustrial Retail Location Theory (Hotelling) Special Economic Zones (china) Threshold/range Transnational corporation Variable Costs Weber, Alfred Weight-gaining Weight-losing 6.2.12.C.6.a -Evaluate efforts of governmental, nongovernmental, and international organizations to address economic imbalances and social inequalities. 6.2.12.C.6.b- Compare and contrast demographic trends in industrialized and developing nations, and evaluate the potential impact of these trends on the economy, political stability, and use of resources. Unit 6: Industrialization and Economic Development Stage 2 - Evidence Evaluative Criteria Suggested Performance Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on lesson assessments; 4 – Innovating: Student was able to apply knowledge learned during unit, worked independently or collaboratively with group members, and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated application, innovation, and higher leveled thinking. 3 – Applying: Student worked independently or collaboratively with group members and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated student could apply new knowledge. 2 – Developing: Student was able to work individually or collaboratively most of the time, and showed some effort. The steps in the assignment demonstrated student could apply most of the knowledge learned throughout unit. Assessment Evidence PERFORMANCE TASK(S): Globalization Debate 1. Introduce globalization. Explain to students that globalization, in its simplest form, means a more connected world. Globalization is the movement and integration of goods and people among different countries. Globalization is driven by international trade and aided by information technology. Make sure students understand that there are pros and cons to globalization, all of which have economic, social, political, and cultural impacts. Ask them to brainstorm what some pros and cons may be, and write them on the board. 2. Distribute the worksheet and have students research globalization. Distribute copies of the worksheet Decision Matrix. Students will use the provided websites to conduct their own research and to learn more about the issues in the debate over globalization. They can also find resources at the school library or a local library. Students will record the information they find on the worksheet. 3. Have students decide what they think about globalization. Based on their research students will identify the arguments that they believe are most valid. 4. Have students write about globalization. Students write a bulleted list of information that supports the views they selected. Tell students they can choose one aspect of globalization, such as economic costs and benefits, or can look at the issue 1 – Beginning: Student was only able to apply new knowledge learned during unit with assistance. Student had difficulty working independently or collaboratively with others and did not work to best of ability. as a whole. 5. Have students debate globalization. Divide the class into two groups. Students who focused on Pros and students who focused on Cons. The two groups debate the issue. Students back up any statements with factual information from reliable resources. Websites: • • • • Suggested Free Response Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on free response questions; 4 – Innovating: Student accurately interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts thoroughly, supplies appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas successfully. 3 – Applying: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts sufficiently, supplies appropriately selected and real-world examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas minimally. 2 – Developing: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with minor errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply appropriately selected and well-explained real- PBS: Illicit—The Dark Trade Yale University: Yale Center for the Study of Globalization The Levin Institute: Globalization 101 The World Bank: YouThink—Globalization OTHER EVIDENCE: • < Unit 6 Test- Multiple Choice and Free Response Questions • FRQ Examples: • 2001 FRQ #3, 2004 FRQ #1, 2006 FRQ #2, 2007 FRQ #3, 2008 FRQ #3, 2010 FRQ #1, 2011 FRQ #3, 2014 FRQ #1 • Locational Theories Comparison • Students will compare and contrast the locational theories of Losch, Hotelling and Weber. First, for each theory students will write one paragraph that explains the basis of the concept (using terms from the AP Human Geography content.) Next, students will construct a visual aid that illustrates the principles of each theory. Finally, students will construct one paragraph that explains the strengths and weaknesses of each model. o Location Theories • • • Weber's Least Cost Theory Locational Interdependence Theory (Hotelling) Profit Maximization Theory (Losch) world examples to illustrate geographic concepts consistently, and does not synthesize different topical areas. 1 – Beginning: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with some errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply any realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and does not synthesize different topical areas. Unit 6: Industrialization and Economic Development Stage 3 – Learning Plan • • • • • • • • • • Summary of Key Learning Events and Instruction Read Fouberg, Chapter 10 & 12 Kuby Activities, Chapters 6 &7- Help Wanted: The Changing Geography of Jobs and Rags and Riches: The Dimensions of Development Conduct an inquiry based discussion around PowerPoint Notes/lecture. Analyze the World Cup of Everything Else to explore the indicators of developmenthttp://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/WORLDCUPTOEE/ Analyze Human Development Index of countries in the world- http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/map Analyze GDP Per Capita of countries in the world https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/rankorder/2004rank.html o Compare the data for HDI and GDP. What is the difference in the two indicators? Video Clips: o Hans Rosling Video: Population Growth by Boxes- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTznEIZRkLg o Hans Rosling Video: The Magic Washing Machine- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sqnptxlCcw o Hans Rosling Video: New Insights into Poverty- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpKbO6O3O3M o ABC- Made in America- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38MfZ17nT50&index=1&list=PL3E897541BD17C695 o Hotelling Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jILgxeNBK_8 o Eminem Detroit Commercial- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SKL254Y_jtc o Simpsons Outsourcing- http://www.metatube.com/en/videos/10420/The-Simpsons-India-Outsourcing/ Compare and contrast Rostow’s ladder of development with Wallerstein’s three-tier system of the world economy as models for understanding. Identify the Millennium Development Goals and evaluate the successes and work that still needs to be donehttp://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml • • • • • • • Complete a Webquest on Maquiladoras Read Types of Transportation Reading and create chart of pros and cons. View Documentary “Life and Debt” and complete video guide Analyze Maps of Global Exports and complete high export matching activity Complete the Activity on Weber’s Least Cost Theory to understand the difference between weight gaining and weight losing industries. View exceprts from Michael Moore’s Roger and Me and complete video guide Read and discuss the articles “How Much Extra Would you Pay for “Made in the USA?” by Rich Smith Dec. 2013 and “The End of Cheap China: What to Soaring Chinese Wages Mean for Global Manufacturing? from the Economist, March 2012 ESTABLISHED GOALS Common Core RH.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, connecting insights gained from specific details to an understanding of the text as a whole. RH.2-Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary that makes clear the relationships among the key details and ideas. RH.7-Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually, quantitatively, as well as in words) in order to address a question and solve a problem. RH.8-Evaluate an author’s premise, claims, and evidence by corroborating or challenging them with other information. RH.9-Integrate information from diverse sources, both primary and secondary, into a coherent understanding of an idea or event , noting discrepancies among sources. WHST.1-Write arguments focused on disciplinespecific. WHST.2-Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments, or technical processes. Unit 7: Cities and Urban Land Use Stage 1 Desired Results Transfer Students will be able to independently use their learning to… • Use and analyze maps and spatial data sets. • Understand and interpret the implications of associations among phenomena in place. • Recognize and interpret at different scales the relationship among patterns and processes. • Define regions and evaluate the regionalization process. • Characterize and analyze changing interconnections among places. Meaning UNDERSTANDINGS ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Students will understand that… • When and why did people start living in cities? • The form, function, and size of urban settlements are constantly changing. • Where are cities located and why? • Models help to understand the distribution • How are cities organized, and how do and size of cities. they function? • Models of internal city structure and urban • How do people shape cities? development provide a framework for urban analysis. • Built landscapes and social space reflect the attitudes and values of a population. • Urban areas face economic, social, political, cultural, and environmental challengs. Acquisition Students will know… Students will be skilled at… • Bid-rent theory • Analyzing the market areas of major league baseball. • Blockbusting • Describing the types of services offered • Borchert, John- Epochs of in the urban hierarchy. Transportation and Communication • Classifying world cities into alpha, beta • CBD (central business district) and gamma cities. • Central-place theory • Explaining rank size rule and primate • Christaller, Walter city. • City • Comparing the different urban models • Colonial city WHST.6-Use technology to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.7-Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. NJCCCS 6.1.12.B.5.b-Assess the impact of rapid urbanization on the environment and on the quality of life in cities. 6.1.12.B.13.a-Determine the factors that led to migration from American cities to suburbs in the 1950s and 1960s, and describe how this movement impacted cities. 6.1.12.B.14.b- Analyze how regionalization, urbanization, and suburbanization have led to social and economic reform movements in New Jersey and the United States. 6.2.12.C.3.d - Determine how, and the extent to which, scientific and technological changes, transportation, and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural changes. 6.2.12.D.3.b- Explain how industrialization and urbanization affected class structure, family life, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Commercialization Commuter zone Concentric zone model- Burgess Counterurbanization Density Gradient Early cities- Hearths Economic base (basic/nonbasic) Edge city Entrepôt Exurbs Favela Gateway city Galactic City Model/Edge City Model Gentrification Global Cities Greenbelt High-tech corridors Hinterland Medieval cities Megacities Megalopolis/conurbation Metropolitan Statistical Area Model Cities (European, Latin American, African, Islamic, Southeast Asian city) Multiple nuclei model- Harris and Ullmann Multiplier effect New Urbanism Office park Planned communities Postindustrial city Primate city Range Rank-size rule Redlining Restrictive covenants Sector model-Hoyt Settlement form (nucleated, dispersed, • • • • • • around the world. Drawing and creating the urban models in the United States. Debating the pros and cons of suburban sprawl. Identifying the characteristics of New Urbanism. Analyzing census data and comparing it to observations during a field study. Discussing gentrification and giving examples. Evaluating problems and solutions associated with growth and decline within urban areas. the daily lives of men, women, and children, and the environment. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Evaluative Criteria Suggested Performance Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on lesson assessments; 4 – Innovating: Student was able to apply knowledge learned during unit, worked independently or collaboratively with group members, and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated application, innovation, and higher leveled thinking. 3 – Applying: Student worked independently or collaboratively with group members and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated student could apply new knowledge. 2 – Developing: Student was able to work individually or collaboratively most of the time, and showed some effort. The steps in the assignment demonstrated student could apply elongated) Site/situation Slum Squatter settlement Street pattern (grid, dendritic; access, control) Suburb Suburbanization Urban Hierarchy Tenement Threshold Town White Flight Urbanization Urban Sprawl Zoning Laws Unit 7: Cities and Urban Land Use Stage 2 - Evidence Assessment Evidence PERFORMANCE TASK(S): City Planning Project Students will create their own city based on one of the urban models, the city may be drawn (and scanned), may be 3D (with images submitted) or created with computer technology. • • • • • • • • • • Students will include a name for your city. The sections of the map should be outlined in color and CLEARLY IDENTIFY THE MODEL selected (concentric, sector, multiple nuclei, peripheral). Students will include all of the following (in the appropriate locations): 25 middle class houses 10 tenements (apartment buildings in slums) 10 factories 15 wealthy homes 3 schools (1 university) 1 jail 2 cemeteries most of the knowledge learned throughout unit. 1 – Beginning: Student was only able to apply new knowledge learned during unit with assistance. Student had difficulty working independently or collaboratively with others and did not work to best of ability. Suggested Free Response Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on free response questions; 4 – Innovating: Student accurately interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts thoroughly, supplies appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas successfully. 3 – Applying: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts sufficiently, supplies appropriately selected and real-world examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas minimally. 2 – Developing: Student interprets verbal • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 stores 2 houses of worship 5 restaurants 1 hospital 1 city hall 1 theater 1 museum 2 railroad stations 1 railroad 1 canal 2 bridges Roads as appropriate (minimum of 10) 2 green areas (common areas) Script a written rationale to explain and defend the “urban” design selected. Reference each of the areas or zones of the model. OTHER EVIDENCE: • Unit 7 Test- Multiple Choice and Free Response Questions • FRQ Examples: • 2001 FRQ #2, 2002 FRQ #3, 2003 FRQ #1,2004 FRQ #3, 2005 FRQ #3, 2009 FRQ #2, 2011 FRQ #1, 2013 FRQ #3, • Field Study- Lower East Side, Manhattan NY o Complete research on the demographics of the LES from www.census.gov o Students take a tour of the Lower East Side of Manhattan offered by the LES Tenement Museum. o Students will answer the following questions after the tour: 1. Describe the impressions of the area. Did the field observations support the impressions formed by the census data? What were the differences? 2. Does the LES have an ethnic population that is significantly larger than the metropolitan (county) average? If so, what visible landscape clues reinforce this social geography? Pay attention to small details. How are the houses painted? What religious symbolism is apparent? Are there some characteristic land uses, such as gardens, plazas, or noticeable recreational sites? What vegetation do people plant and grow? 3. Does the LES have a large population of children? If so, what can be observed about the uses of social space? Where do children play or hang out? What kinds of activities do they engage in? descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with minor errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts consistently, and does not synthesize different topical areas. 1 – Beginning: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with some errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply any realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and does not synthesize different topical areas. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4. 5. 6. 7. Does the LES have high-income residents? What can you observe about vehicles parked in driveways, on the street, and in front of houses? Do many people ride the bus rather than drive? How do your observations of housing compare to the statistical data from the census? What is the relationship between housing data and the physical condition and maintenance of houses or apartments? What types of housing prevail (i.e., apartments, row homes, duplexes, or single-family, detached houses)? Do people have large yards or common-use areas? Do people use backyards or front yards for socializing? Have changes occurred since the 2010 Census? Cite examples. What other information did you gather about your area that you could not get from census data alone? How does field observation help one to better understand the cultural environment? Unit 7: Cities and Urban Land Use Stage 3 – Learning Plan Summary of Key Learning Events and Instruction Read Fouberg, Chapter 9- Urban Geography Kuby Activities, Chapters 9- Take me Out to the Ballgame: Market Areas and Urban Geography Conduct an inquiry based discussion around PowerPoint Notes/lecture. Complete Urban Hierarchies and Central Places Activity Analyze the Services in Philadelphia- http://philadelphiaretail.com/loc-rittenhouse-square.aspx View Video on Central Place Theory https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITHLjm45OBA World Cities Classification- http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html View Urban Models Video Clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQ4ZDv8SL18 Create Lego Models of the Urban Models including Concentric Zone, Sector, and Multiple Nuclei Analyze Suburban Housing Patterns http://www.houzz.com/ideabooks/6557287/list/Get-a-Bird-s-Eye-View-of-America-s-HousingPatterns Complete World Cities Activity- View Images from 20 world cities and identify them. View the Film Radiant City and discuss the various flaws and advantages of suburban life. Analyze the census data of the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York and compare it to the entire metro area of NYC, NY. Read Article and Discuss: The Four Stages of New Urbanism ESTABLISHED GOALS Unit 8 Exam Review and Post Exam Materials Stage 1 Desired Results Common Core RH.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, connecting insights gained from specific details to an understanding of the text as a whole. RH.2-Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary that makes clear the relationships among the key details and ideas. RH.7-Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually, quantitatively, as well as in words) in order to address a question and solve a problem. RH.8-Evaluate an author’s premise, claims, and evidence by corroborating or challenging them with other information. RH.9-Integrate information from diverse sources, both primary and secondary, into a coherent understanding of an idea or event , noting discrepancies among sources. WHST.1-Write arguments focused on disciplinespecific. WHST.2-Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments, or technical processes. Transfer Students will be able to independently use their learning to… • Use and think about maps and spatial data sets. • Understand and interpret the implications of associations among phenomena in place. • Recognize and interpret at different scales the relationship among patterns and processes. • Define regions and evaluate the regionalization process. • Characterize and analyze changing interconnections among places. Meaning ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • What is human geography? • What is the importance of field study? • How does geography help us better understand the world and its people? • What careers can you explore using geography? Acquisition Students will know… Students will be skilled at… • Academic vocabulary from Units 1-7 • Constructing geographic questions. • Acquiring geographic information. • Organizing geographic information. • Analyzing geographic information. • Answering geographic questions. UNDERSTANDINGS Students will understand that… • The field of geography helps us understand the world and our immediate surroundings. WHST.6-Use technology to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.7-Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. Evaluative Criteria Suggested Performance Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on lesson assessments; 4 – Innovating: Student was able to apply knowledge learned during unit, worked independently or collaboratively with group members, and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated application, innovation, and higher leveled thinking. 3 – Applying: Student worked independently or collaboratively with group members and showed effort. All steps of the assignment demonstrated student could apply new knowledge. 2 – Developing: Student was able to work individually or collaboratively most of the time, and showed some effort. The steps in the assignment demonstrated student could apply most of the knowledge learned throughout unit. 1 – Beginning: Student was only able to apply new knowledge learned during unit with assistance. Student had difficulty working independently or collaboratively with others and did not work to best of ability. Stage 2 - Evidence Assessment Evidence PERFORMANCE TASK(S): Amazing Race Project: Students have been hired by the producers of The Amazing Race, a CBS Television reality competition show, to help plan an upcoming season. The show follows teams of two around the world as they race through challenges for a chance to win $1 Million. In this class, they will work in assigned teams of 3-5 to complete this project. The producers of the show request the following: • • • • The trip should o visit at least six continents o visit at least 8 different countries (4 MDC’s and 4 LDC’s) o have a total of 12 stops (this includes starting point and final destination) o visit urban, suburban, and rural areas o NOT USE any current war zones for a stop. Television producers would not risk the lives of their contestants or camera technicians by placing them in such locations. Each stop should include at least one challenge that relates to cultural, historical, and/or physical geographical issues related to the location (i.e. rappelling into an inactive volcano, bungee jumping from over a prominent river, eating something “exotic”, etc) The entire trip should be able to be completed within a timeframe of 21 to 25 days. The flow of the trip should not be complicated and should follow a sensible order. o o Limit the amount of crisscrossing around the globe (don’t fly from Russia to Brazil to Japan). Make sure that contestants could actually make airline journeys with 2 or fewer connecting flights. When planning a trip: • Student will write clues for each challenge and new travel destination (i.e. “Travel by plane to Baltimore, Maryland. When you arrive use one of the marked cars and drive yourselves to Camden Yards to receive your next clue” and then “Go inside Camden Yards and find the head groundskeeper; he will give you the rules for your next challenge”). • • Suggested Free Response Rubric: Use the following or similar rubric to evaluate students’ performance on free response questions; 4 – Innovating: Student accurately interprets Include challenges that visit all of the following: local festival, museum, historical site, artistic performance (theater, music, visual art), local market, making and/or eating indigenous food, and religious house of worship. Of course you can visit other locations, too. Identify the method of transportation to reach each destination (provide the name of each airport and train station as well as the length of the journey in miles). Make use of a variety of vehicular modes of transportation (i.e. self driving, taxis, bicycles, mass transit, rickshaws, etc). Student growth assessed on: Visual Presentation: I Movie a. Create a map of the world with route of trip shown b. Visual representation of each stop, including a large scale map (i.e. map, picture of a landmark, image of the “exotic” food being eaten, picture of special mode of transportation) c. The challenges described via audio or text. d. Each I movie will be uploaded to Ebackpack. 1) Written Portfolio: submitted on the due date with the following information: a. All clues and itinerary of the trip (detailed descriptions of the rules for each challenge are to be included) b. Country Profile (one for each country visited) Each group member completes 2. i. See Attached c. MLA Works Cited Page OTHER EVIDENCE: • AP Human Geography Practice Examination/Released Exam • Complete AP Grand Review Packet • Create a Power Point explaining one of the following careers in Geography verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts thoroughly, supplies appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas successfully. 3 – Applying: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts sufficiently, supplies appropriately selected and real-world examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and synthesizes different topical areas minimally. 2 – Developing: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with minor errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply appropriately selected and well-explained realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts consistently, and does not synthesize different topical areas. 1 – Beginning: Student interprets verbal descriptions, maps, graphs, photographs, and/or diagrams with some errors, analyzes and evaluates geographical concepts minimally and may contain errors, does not supply any realworld examples to illustrate geographic concepts, and does not synthesize different topical areas. • a. Urban Planning/Community Development b. Cartographer c. GIS Specialist d. Climatologist e. Transportation Management f. Environmental Management g. Emergency Management h. Demographer Write a reflection of the film Slum Dog Millionaire. Identify and analyze the significance of the examples from the film regarding population, migration, development, religion, and urban geography. Stage 3 – Learning Plan • • • • Summary of Key Learning Events and Instruction Review Key Topics from the Units of Study Administer an AP Human Geography Practice Exam Discuss Exam strategies Final Performance Assessment and Other Evidence Benchmark Assessment Quarter 1 1. Students will choose from the Quarter 1 Essential Questions, and reflect upon and respond to the enduring understandings pertaining to Geography: It’s Nature and Perspectives, Population, and Migration. Benchmark Assessment Quarter 2 1. Students will choose from the Quarter 2 Essential Questions, and reflect upon and respond to the enduring understandings pertaining to Cultural Processes and Political Geography. Benchmark Assessment Quarter 3 1. Students will choose from the Quarter 3 Essential Questions, and reflect upon and respond to the enduring understandings pertaining to Agriculture and Rural Land Use, and Industrialization and Economic Development. Benchmark Assessment Quarter 4 1. Students will choose from the Quarter 4 Essential Questions, and reflect upon and respond to the enduring understandings pertaining to Cities and Urban Land Use.
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